CN117346148A - Air staged combustion process for combustion section of garbage incinerator - Google Patents
Air staged combustion process for combustion section of garbage incinerator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117346148A CN117346148A CN202311396473.3A CN202311396473A CN117346148A CN 117346148 A CN117346148 A CN 117346148A CN 202311396473 A CN202311396473 A CN 202311396473A CN 117346148 A CN117346148 A CN 117346148A
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- combustion
- garbage
- air
- plate
- fire grate
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
- F23B30/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
- F23B30/06—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing fuel through the combustion zone
- F23B30/10—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing fuel through the combustion zone with fuel-supporting surfaces having fuel advancing elements that are movable, but remain essentially in the same place, e.g. with rollers or reciprocating grate bars
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
- F23L9/06—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel by discharging the air into the fire bed
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage combustion, in particular to an air staged combustion process of a combustion section of a garbage incinerator, which comprises the steps of throwing mixed garbage into a crushing assembly from a feed inlet of the garbage incinerator, enabling the mixed garbage to enter the crushing assembly along a left side plate and a right side plate, simultaneously opening a first motor to drive a crushing roller to relatively rotate so as to crush the garbage, pouring the garbage into the feed inlet, and simultaneously, using an external air inlet device to respectively introduce air into a primary combustion area and a secondary combustion area through a primary air inlet and a secondary air inlet. In the process, the cam is driven to rotate through the second motor, the connecting plates are simultaneously pushed outwards towards the two sides, the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are driven to slide towards opposite directions, the first fire grate and the second fire grate are driven to move left and right in a staggered mode through the connecting rods and the connecting pieces, the residue adhesion of garbage combustion can be reduced, the influence on the next combustion is avoided, and meanwhile, gaps can be reserved at the bottom of the garbage, so that the combustion efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage combustion, and particularly relates to an air staged combustion process for a combustion section of a garbage incinerator.
Background
In order to avoid influencing environmental sanitation and resource waste, garbage generated in daily life can be transported to a garbage disposal station for centralized combustion treatment through a garbage incinerator after being collected and classified, most of incinerators currently burn through a staged combustion technology for reducing emission of harmful gases such as nitrogen oxides, namely, air with different excess air coefficients is introduced into different combustion areas of combustion sections in the incinerators for secondary combustion, the garbage is usually moved through a fire grate in the combustion, and the fire grate is generally designed into an inclined plane or crawler type.
For example, a harmless garbage combustion furnace disclosed in the technical field of combustion furnaces in the patent with the authority of publication number CN209309989U comprises a furnace body, wherein a hearth is arranged in the furnace body, and comprises a combustion cavity, a heat exchange cavity and a smoke exhaust cavity which are sequentially arranged; a fire grate is arranged in the combustion cavity and is connected with a sealing feeding device and a slag discharging device; a heat exchange device is arranged in the heat exchange cavity, and the smoke exhaust cavity is connected with a tail gas treatment device; the preheating furnace comprises a furnace body, and is characterized in that at least one preheating cavity is arranged on the furnace body, an air spraying pipe is arranged in the preheating cavity and connected with a preheating air pipe, and the preheating air pipe sequentially penetrates through the preheating cavity and is connected with a fan supply.
Although the device can preheat and improve the combustion efficiency, the grate of the combustion furnace is of a crawler structure, residues are easy to adhere to the surface of the crawler when garbage is burnt on the grate in a grading way, meanwhile, the bottom of the garbage is not easy to enter air, and the combustion efficiency is low when the garbage is burnt; in order to solve the problems, we propose an air staged combustion process for the combustion section of the garbage incinerator.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an air staged combustion process for a combustion section of a garbage incinerator, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides an air staged combustion process for a combustion section of a garbage incinerator, which comprises the following steps:
1. garbage preparation stage
S1, fermenting the collected garbage for a period of time, and mixing the fermented garbage with part of new garbage.
2. Waste incineration stage
S2, throwing the mixed garbage into a crushing assembly from a feed inlet of a combustion furnace, enabling the mixed garbage to enter the crushing assembly along a left side plate and a right side plate, and simultaneously turning on a first motor to drive a crushing roller to relatively rotate so as to crush the garbage;
s3, when the garbage is poured into the feed inlet, the outside air inlet device is used for respectively introducing air with the air excess coefficient of 0.8 and 1.15 into the primary combustion area and the secondary combustion area through the primary air inlet and the secondary air inlet, and the primary burner and the secondary burner are opened;
s4, enabling the crushed garbage to fall on the left end of a fire grate structure in the fire grate assembly along the left side plate and the right side plate, simultaneously opening a second motor, driving a cam to rotate through the second motor, further enabling a first bottom plate and a second bottom plate to reversely slide through outwards pushing connecting plates on two sides, enabling the adjacent first fire grate and second fire grate to relatively move back and forth under the driving of the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate, and enabling the garbage to slowly slide downwards under the action of gravity and the fire grate assembly;
s5, when the second motor is started, the outside air inlet device is used for respectively introducing air with air excess coefficients of 0.8 and 1.15 to the bottom of the fire grate assembly through the next air inlet and the next air inlet, and the air below can be blown into the bottom of the garbage from the air holes, so that the combustion efficiency is improved;
3. post-treatment stage of garbage combustion
S6, waste gas generated when the garbage is combusted in the primary combustion area and the secondary combustion area can enter the waste gas treatment system through the waste gas pipe, and residues after the garbage is combusted enter the slag hopper through the slag outlet for centralized treatment.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the garbage incinerator comprises a combustion furnace adopting a garbage incinerator combustion section air staged combustion process, a primary combustor and a secondary combustor, wherein a crushing assembly is arranged on the left side of the upper part in the combustion furnace, a fire grate assembly is arranged below the crushing assembly in the combustion furnace, the fire grate assembly comprises a fire grate structure, a first bottom plate and a second bottom plate which are arranged below the fire grate structure, and a fire grate sliding structure arranged between the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate, and the fire grate structure comprises a fixed fire grate, a first fire grate and a second fire grate;
the fixed fire grates are positioned at the left end and the right end of the fire grate structure, the first fire grates and the second fire grates are arranged between the two fixed fire grates in a staggered mode, connecting grooves are symmetrically formed in the front and the back of the top surface of the fixed fire grates, connecting blocks matched with the connecting grooves are symmetrically arranged in the front and the back of the bottom surface of the fixed fire grates, and the first fire grates and the second fire grates are respectively fixedly connected with the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate through a plurality of connecting rods;
the fire grate sliding structure comprises a second motor arranged on the front side wall of the combustion furnace and close to the bottom, a rotating shaft coaxially connected with an output shaft of the second motor, a plurality of cams coaxially connected with the rotating shaft, a connecting plate which is distributed in bilateral symmetry and is fixedly connected with the top surface of the first bottom plate and the bottom surface of the second bottom plate respectively, a fixing plate with front and rear end parts fixed with the front and rear inner side walls of the combustion furnace and a rebound mechanism;
the combustion furnace is internally provided with a combustion section positioned on the right side of the crushing assembly and arranged along the fire grate assembly, and the combustion section is divided into a primary combustion zone on the left side and a secondary combustion zone on the right side by a first separation plate, a second separation plate and a third separation plate which are sequentially distributed from left to right.
In the technical scheme of the invention, a feeding hole is formed in the upper part of the crushing assembly near the left side of the top surface of the combustion furnace, a slag hole is formed in the right end of the fire grate assembly near the right side of the bottom surface of the combustion furnace, a slag hole is communicated below the slag hole, and an exhaust pipe communicated with a space between the first partition plate and the third partition plate is arranged on the top surface of the combustion furnace.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the crushing assembly comprises a left side plate and a right side plate which are arranged on the left side and the right side below the feeding hole, the left side plate is integrally S-shaped, the bottom of the left side plate is obliquely arranged towards the fire grate structure, a group of crushing rollers are arranged near the middle between the left side plate and the right side plate, and a first motor is fixedly arranged at the position of the side wall in front of the combustion furnace, which corresponds to the position of the crushing rollers.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the top of the first partition plate is fixed at the middle part of the right side wall of the inclined section of the right side plate, a space is reserved between the top of the second partition plate and the top surface of the combustion furnace, the third partition plate is directly and fixedly connected with the inner top surface of the combustion furnace, and the primary burner and the secondary burner are respectively positioned on the front side wall of the combustion furnace and correspond to the primary combustion area and the secondary combustion area on the right side.
In the technical scheme of the invention, a plurality of primary air inlets which are regularly distributed are formed near the bottoms of the right side wall of the first partition plate and the left side wall of the second partition plate, a plurality of secondary air inlets which are regularly distributed are formed near the bottoms of the right side wall of the second partition plate and the left side wall of the third partition plate, and the primary air inlets and the air outlets of the secondary air inlets are bent and are arranged towards the fire grate structure.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the fixed fire grate, the first fire grate and the second fire grate have the same structure, the front side and the rear side of the fixed fire grate are fixed with the front inner side wall and the rear inner side wall of the combustion furnace, the two sides of the first fire grate and the second fire grate are respectively provided with a connecting piece, the inner ends of the connecting pieces are fixed with the corresponding fire grate structure side walls, the front inner side wall and the rear inner side wall of the combustion furnace are provided with moving grooves which are in one-to-one correspondence with the first fire grate and the second fire grate, and the outer ends of the connecting pieces are positioned in the moving grooves.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the right half side of the top surface of the fixed grate consists of a plurality of overhanging plates which are distributed in a step shape, and a plurality of regularly distributed wind holes are arranged on a vertical plate connected between two adjacent overhanging plates.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the first bottom plate is positioned below the second bottom plate, the front-back width of the first bottom plate is larger than that of the second bottom plate, a lower air inlet structure is arranged on the top surface of the second bottom plate, the lower air inlet structure comprises a first mounting plate and a second mounting plate which correspond to the positions of the first partition plate and the second partition plate respectively, a plurality of lower air inlets and lower secondary air inlets which are regularly distributed are respectively arranged on the right side walls of the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate near the top, the fire grate structure positions of the positions corresponding to the heights of the lower air inlets and the lower secondary air inlets are matched, and the air outlets of the lower air inlets and the lower secondary air inlets are horizontally arranged.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the cams are regularly distributed along the rotating shaft and are staggered adjacent to the protruding parts of the cams, the rebound mechanism comprises a sliding rod, a sliding rod sleeve and a pressure spring, one end of the sliding rod, corresponding to the outer side wall of the connecting plate, is fixed, the other end of the sliding rod is inserted into the corresponding sliding rod sleeve, and the pressure spring is positioned between the outer end face of the sliding rod and the inner end face of the sliding rod sleeve.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the invention, under the action of the second motor, the cam is driven to rotate through the rotating shaft, the convex part of the cam pushes the connecting plates outwards towards two sides in the rotating process, and the connecting rods and the connecting pieces drive the first fire grate and the second fire grate to move left and right in a staggered manner, so that garbage can be helped to slide downwards along the fire grate structure, and meanwhile, the staggered fire grate structure can reduce the adhesion of residues generated in garbage combustion and avoid influencing the next combustion.
2. In the invention, in the process of staggered movement of the fire grate structure, the bottom of the garbage can be driven to generate a certain gap, and simultaneously, the next air inlet and the next secondary air inlet are matched to blow air into the gap at the bottom of the garbage opposite to the air hole, so that the combustion efficiency of the garbage can be conveniently improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a furnace wall of a combustion furnace in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the structure A in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a combustion section of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a grate assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a grate structure in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the structure at B in the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an exploded view of the grate assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the structure C of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an exploded view of the upper and lower bottom plates of the grate assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is an exploded view of a sliding structure of a fire grate in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 13 is an enlarged view of the structure at D in the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a combustion furnace; 11. a feed inlet; 12. a slag outlet; 13. a moving groove;
2. a crushing assembly; 21. a left side plate; 22. grinding rollers; 23. a right side plate; 24. a first motor;
3. a combustion section; 31. a primary combustion zone; 32. a secondary combustion zone; 33. a first partition plate; 34. a second partition plate; 35. a third partition plate; 36. a primary air inlet; 37. a secondary air inlet; 38. a primary burner; 39. a secondary burner;
4. a grate assembly; 41. a fire grate structure; 411. fixing the fire grate; 411a, a connecting slot; 411b, connection blocks; 411c, wind holes; 411d, overhanging plates; 412. a first grate; 413. a second grate; 42. a first base plate; 43. a second base plate; 44. a grate sliding structure; 441. a second motor; 442. a rotating shaft; 443. a cam; 444. a connecting plate; 445. a fixing plate; 446. a rebound mechanism; 4461. a slide bar; 4462. a sliding rod sleeve; 4463. a pressure spring; 45. a lower air inlet structure; 451. a first mounting plate; 452. a second mounting plate; 453. the next air inlet; 454. a secondary air inlet; 46. a connecting piece;
5. a slag discharge hopper;
6. an exhaust pipe.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is, therefore, to be taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the term "comprise" or variations thereof such as "comprises" or "comprising", etc. will be understood to include the stated element or component without excluding other elements or other components.
Referring to fig. 1-13, the air staged combustion process for the combustion section of the garbage incinerator comprises the following steps:
1. garbage preparation stage
S1, fermenting the collected garbage for a period of time, and mixing the fermented garbage with part of new garbage.
2. Waste incineration stage
S2, throwing the mixed garbage into the crushing assembly 2 from the feed inlet 11 of the combustion furnace 1 along the left side plate 21 and the right side plate 23, and simultaneously turning on the first motor 24 to drive the crushing roller 22 to relatively rotate so as to crush the garbage;
s3, when the garbage is poured into the feed inlet 11, the outside air inlet device is used for respectively introducing air with the air excess coefficient of 0.8 and 1.15 into the primary combustion zone 31 and the secondary combustion zone 32 through the primary air inlet 36 and the secondary air inlet 37, and the primary burner 38 and the secondary burner 39 are opened;
s4, the crushed garbage falls on the left end of the fire grate structure 41 in the fire grate assembly 4 along the left side plate 21 and the right side plate 23, meanwhile, the second motor 441 is turned on, the cam 443 is driven by the second motor 441, the first bottom plate 42 and the second bottom plate 43 are reversely slid by pushing the connecting plates 444 on the two sides outwards, the adjacent first fire grate 412 and second fire grate 413 are relatively moved back and forth under the driving of the first bottom plate 42 and the second bottom plate 43, and the garbage slowly slides downwards under the action of gravity and the action of the fire grate assembly 4;
s5, when the second motor 441 is turned on, the outside air inlet device is used for respectively introducing air with the air excess coefficient of 0.8 and 1.15 to the bottom of the fire grate assembly 4 through the next air inlet 453 and the next air inlet 454, and the air below can be blown into the bottom of the garbage from the air hole 411c, so that the combustion efficiency is improved;
it should be noted that the external air intake device may be disposed on the rear sidewall of the combustion furnace 1, and the first partition plate 33, the second partition plate 34, the third partition plate 35, the first mounting plate 451 and the second mounting plate 452 are provided with ventilation channels that are horizontal from front to back and are located at positions corresponding to the positions of the primary air intake 36, the secondary air intake 37, the next air intake 453 and the next secondary air intake 454, and are communicated with the external air intake device through the connection ports disposed on the rear sidewall of the combustion furnace 1 in fig. 3.
3. Post-treatment stage of garbage combustion
S6, waste gas generated when the garbage is combusted in the primary combustion area 31 and the secondary combustion area 32 can enter the waste gas treatment system through the waste gas pipe 6, and residues after the garbage combustion enter the slag hopper 5 through the slag hole 12 for centralized treatment.
In the embodiment, the garbage incinerator comprises a combustion furnace 1 adopting a garbage incinerator combustion section air staged combustion process, a primary combustor 38 and a secondary combustor 39 for ignition, wherein a crushing assembly 2 is arranged on the left side of the upper part in the combustion furnace 1, a fire grate assembly 4 is arranged below the crushing assembly 2 in the combustion furnace 1, the fire grate assembly 4 comprises a fire grate structure 41, a first bottom plate 42, a second bottom plate 43 and a fire grate sliding structure 44, wherein the first bottom plate 42 and the second bottom plate 43 are arranged below the fire grate structure 41, and the fire grate structure 41 comprises a fixed fire grate 411, a first fire grate 412 and a second fire grate 413;
the fixed fire grates 411 are positioned at the left end and the right end of the fire grate structure 41, the first fire grate 412 and the second fire grate 413 are arranged between the two fixed fire grates 411 in a staggered way, the connecting slots 411a are symmetrically arranged on the front and the back of the top surface of the fixed fire grate 411, the connecting blocks 411b matched with the connecting slots 411a are symmetrically arranged on the front and the back of the bottom surface of the fixed fire grate 411, the first fire grate 412 and the second fire grate 413 are respectively fixedly connected with the first bottom plate 42 and the second bottom plate 43 through a plurality of connecting rods, and notably, the top ends of the connecting rods are fixedly connected with the connecting pieces 46 at corresponding positions, in the fire grate structure 41 which is adjacent up and down, the connecting blocks 411b at the bottom of the fire grate structure 41 which is above are positioned in the connecting slots 411a at the top of the fire grate structure 41 which is below are in a sliding connection, so that the whole fire grate structure 41 is an integral body, and gaps are avoided at the joints of the adjacent fire grate structure 41;
the grate sliding structure 44 comprises a second motor 441 arranged on the front side wall of the combustion furnace 1 near the bottom, a rotating shaft 442 coaxially connected with an output shaft of the second motor 441, a plurality of cams 443 coaxially connected with the rotating shaft 442, a connecting plate 444 symmetrically distributed left and right and fixedly connected with the top surface of the first bottom plate 42 and the bottom surface of the second bottom plate 43 respectively, a fixed plate 445 with the front end and the rear end fixed with the front and the rear inner side walls of the combustion furnace 1 and a rebound mechanism 446, after the garbage falls on the grate structure 41, the second motor 441 is started to drive the cams 443 to rotate through the rotating shaft 442, the protruding parts of the alternately arranged cams 443 can simultaneously push the connecting plates 444 outwards to drive the first bottom plate 42 and the second bottom plate 43 to slide in opposite directions in the rotating process, and then the connecting rod and the connecting piece 46 drive the first grate 412 and the second grate 413 to alternately move so as to help the garbage to slide downwards along the grate structure 41, and the alternately moved grate structure 41 can reduce the residue adhesion of the garbage combustion to avoid influencing the next combustion;
the combustion furnace 1 is internally provided with a combustion section 3 which is positioned on the right side of the crushing assembly 2 and is arranged along the fire grate assembly 4, the combustion section 3 is divided into a primary combustion zone 31 on the left side and a secondary combustion zone 32 on the right side by a first separation plate 33, a second separation plate 34 and a third separation plate 35 which are sequentially distributed from left to right, and the waste is subjected to staged combustion by the primary combustion zone 31 and the secondary combustion zone 32 so as to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides in the combustion process.
Wherein, open to the top that the combustion furnace 1 top surface is located crushing subassembly 2 near the left side has feed inlet 11, and the combustion furnace 1 bottom surface is located grate subassembly 4 right-hand member near the right side and is equipped with slag notch 12, and slag notch 12 below intercommunication has slag notch 5, conveniently collects the rubbish residue after the centralized processing burning, and combustion furnace 1 top surface is equipped with the exhaust pipe 6 with the space intercommunication between first division board 33 and the third division board 35, and the waste gas that the combustion process produced can get into subsequent exhaust treatment system through exhaust pipe 6.
In this embodiment, the crushing assembly 2 includes left side board 21 and right side board 23 that set up in the left and right sides of feed inlet 11 below, left side board 21 wholly is the S shape and bottom towards grate structure 41 slope setting, the rubbish after the crushing of being convenient for can directly fall at the left end top of grate structure 41, lean on the middle part to be equipped with a set of grinding roller 22 between left side board 21 and the right side board 23, the lateral wall is fixed mounting in the place corresponding to grinding roller 22 position in combustion furnace 1 front side wall has first motor 24, first motor 24 can drive grinding roller 22 through gear drive mode etc. and rotate relatively and smash the processing to rubbish, promote follow-up rubbish combustion efficiency.
In addition, the top of the first partition plate 33 is fixed in the middle of the right side wall of the inclined section of the right side plate 23, a space is reserved between the top of the second partition plate 34 and the top surface of the combustion furnace 1, the third partition plate 35 is directly and fixedly connected with the inner top surface of the combustion furnace 1, the first partition plate 33, the upper half part of the right side plate 23 and the third partition plate 35 form an exhaust gas channel, the second partition plate 34 plays a role of dividing the combustion section, the primary burner 38 and the secondary burner 39 are respectively positioned on the front side wall of the combustion furnace 1 and correspond to the primary combustion zone 31 and the secondary combustion zone 32 on the right side, and garbage is ignited and combusted through the primary burner 38 and the secondary burner 39.
Further, the right side wall of the first partition plate 33 and the left side wall of the second partition plate 34 are respectively provided with a plurality of primary air inlets 36 which are regularly distributed near the bottom, the right side wall of the second partition plate 34 and the left side wall of the third partition plate 35 are respectively provided with a plurality of secondary air inlets 37 which are regularly distributed near the bottom, air with the air excess coefficient of 0.8 and 1.15 is respectively introduced into the primary air inlets 36 and the secondary air inlets 37 through the external air inlet assembly, insufficient oxygen in the primary combustion area 31 is ensured, so that nitrogen oxides in waste gas are reduced due to incomplete primary combustion, garbage in the secondary combustion area 32 can be reburnt, meanwhile, due to incomplete primary combustion, reducing intermediate substances are generated, and further generation of nitrogen oxides can be restrained again during secondary complete combustion, and the air outlets of the primary air inlets 36 and the secondary air inlets 37 are bent and are arranged towards the fire grate structure 41.
Specifically, the fixed grate 411, the first grate 412 and the second grate 413 have the same structure, the front side and the rear side of the fixed grate 411 are fixed with the front and the rear inner side walls of the combustion furnace 1, the two sides of the first grate 412 and the second grate 413 are respectively provided with a connecting piece 46, the inner ends of the connecting pieces 46 are fixed with the corresponding side walls of the grate structure 41, the front and the rear inner side walls of the combustion furnace 1 are provided with moving grooves 13 with positions corresponding to the first grate 412 and the second grate 413 one by one, the outer ends of the connecting pieces 46 are positioned in the moving grooves 13, the connecting pieces 46 are positioned in the moving grooves 13 to play a supporting role, and meanwhile, the grate structure 41 is convenient to move under the action of the grate sliding structure 44.
In addition, the right half side of the top surface of the fixed grate 411 is composed of a plurality of overhanging plates 411d which are distributed in a stepped manner, the stepped overhanging plates 411d facilitate the garbage on the grate structure 41 to slide down, a certain gap is reserved between the bottom surfaces of the garbage, incomplete combustion caused by the fact that air cannot be contacted when the bottom of the garbage burns is avoided when the bottom of the garbage passes through a combustion section, a plurality of regularly distributed air holes 411c are formed in vertical plates connected between two adjacent overhanging plates 411d, and air blown out by the next air inlet 453 and the next air inlet 454 conveniently enters the gap at the bottom of the garbage through the air holes 411 c.
Specifically, the first bottom plate 42 is located below the second bottom plate 43, the front-back width of the first bottom plate 42 is greater than that of the second bottom plate 43, the second bottom plate 43 and the first bottom plate 42 are prevented from colliding with each other, the top surface of the second bottom plate 43 is provided with a lower air inlet structure 45, the lower air inlet structure 45 comprises a first mounting plate 451 and a second mounting plate 452 corresponding to the positions of the first partition plate 33 and the second partition plate 34 respectively, the air excess coefficient of air entering from the bottom and air of a combustion section above is guaranteed to be the same, the staged combustion effect is prevented from being influenced, the right side walls of the first mounting plate 451 and the second mounting plate 452 are respectively provided with a plurality of lower air inlets 453 and lower secondary air inlets 454 which are regularly distributed near the top, the positions of the fire grate structures 41 at positions corresponding to the heights of the lower air inlets 453 and the lower secondary air inlets 454 are matched, the air outlets of the lower air inlets 453 and the lower secondary air inlets 454 are horizontally arranged, the lower air inlets 453 and the lower secondary air inlets 454 blow air into gaps of the bottom of garbage through the lower air inlets 453 and the lower secondary air inlets 411c to facilitate complete combustion of garbage, and the garbage bottom clearance.
Finally, the cams 443 are regularly distributed along the rotating shaft 442 and the protruding portions of the adjacent cams 443 are staggered, so that the connection plates 444 on the left side and the right side can be synchronously ejected outwards, the rebound mechanism 446 comprises a sliding rod 4461, a sliding rod sleeve 4462 and a pressure spring 4463, the outer side wall of the connection plate 444 corresponding to one end of the sliding rod 4461 is fixed, the other end of the connection plate 4461 is inserted into the corresponding sliding rod sleeve 4462, the pressure spring 4463 is positioned between the outer end face of the sliding rod 4461 and the inner end face of the sliding rod sleeve 4462, and when the protruding portions of the cams 443 rotate, the sliding rod 4461 is pushed inwards under the action of the pressure spring 4463, so that the connection plate 444 can always be attached to the surface of the cams 443, and further the first grate 412 and the second grate 413 can be ensured to move in a staggered mode.
The invention relates to an air staged combustion process for a combustion section of a garbage incinerator, which comprises the following specific working principles:
the garbage is poured from the feeding hole, the first motor 24 is started to drive the grinding roller 22 to relatively rotate through a gear transmission mode and the like to grind the garbage, the combustion efficiency of the subsequent garbage is improved, the ground garbage is driven to the left end along the fire grate structure 41, the second motor 441, the primary burner 38 and the secondary burner 39 are started, air with corresponding air excess coefficients is introduced into the primary air inlet 36, the secondary air inlet 37, the next air inlet 453 and the next secondary air inlet 454, the cam 443 is driven to rotate through the rotating shaft 442 under the action of the second motor 441, the connecting plates 444 are simultaneously pushed outwards to the two sides by the protruding parts of the alternately arranged cams 443 in the rotating process, the first bottom plate 42 and the second bottom plate 43 are driven to slide in opposite directions, the first fire grate 412 and the second fire grate 413 are driven to move left and right in a staggered mode through the connecting rods and the connecting pieces 46, the garbage is helped to slide downwards along the fire grate structure 41, residues of the garbage combustion can be reduced, the next air is prevented from being influenced by the attachment of the fire grate structure 41, and the next air inlet 453 and the next secondary air inlet 453 can blow the garbage into the air holes through the bottom of the fire grate structure 411 to completely, and the air can be blown into the air holes to the bottom of the garbage can be more convenient to burn completely.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one skilled in the art to make and utilize the invention in various exemplary embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The air staged combustion process for the combustion section of the garbage incinerator is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
1. garbage preparation stage
S1, fermenting collected garbage for a period of time, and mixing the fermented garbage with part of new garbage;
2. waste incineration stage
S2, throwing the mixed garbage into a crushing assembly (2) from a feed inlet (11) of a combustion furnace (1), and enabling the garbage to enter the crushing assembly (2) along a left side plate (21) and a right side plate (23), and simultaneously, turning on a first motor (24) to drive a crushing roller (22) to rotate relatively so as to crush the garbage;
s3, when the garbage is poured into the feed inlet (11), the outside air inlet device is used for respectively introducing air with air excess coefficients of 0.8 and 1.15 into the primary combustion zone (31) and the secondary combustion zone (32) through the primary air inlet (36) and the secondary air inlet (37), and the primary burner (38) and the secondary burner (39) are opened;
s4, enabling crushed garbage to fall on the left end of a fire grate structure (41) in the fire grate assembly (4) along the left side plate (21) and the right side plate (23), simultaneously opening a second motor (441), driving a cam (443) to rotate through the second motor (441), further enabling a first bottom plate (42) and a second bottom plate (43) to reversely slide through outwards pushing connecting plates (444) on two sides, enabling adjacent first fire grates (412) and second fire grates (413) to relatively move forwards and backwards under the driving of the first bottom plate (42) and the second bottom plate (43), and enabling the garbage to slowly slide downwards under the action of gravity and the fire grate assembly (4);
s5, when the second motor (441) is turned on, an external air inlet device is used for respectively introducing air with air excess coefficients of 0.8 and 1.15 to the bottom of the fire grate assembly (4) through the next air inlet (453) and the next air inlet (454), and the air below can be blown into the bottom of the garbage from the air hole (411 c) to improve the combustion efficiency;
3. post-treatment stage of garbage combustion
S6, waste gas generated when the garbage is combusted in the primary combustion area (31) and the secondary combustion area (32) can enter the waste gas treatment system through the waste gas pipe (6), and residues after the garbage combustion enter the slag hopper (5) through the slag outlet (12) for centralized treatment.
2. A waste incinerator combustion section air staged combustion process as claimed in claim 1, comprising a combustion furnace (1) employing the waste incinerator combustion section air staged combustion process, a primary burner (38) for ignition and a secondary burner (39), characterized in that: the upper part of the combustion furnace (1) is provided with a crushing assembly (2) near the left side, the combustion furnace (1) is internally provided with a fire grate assembly (4) below the crushing assembly (2), the fire grate assembly (4) comprises a fire grate structure (41), a first bottom plate (42) and a second bottom plate (43) which are arranged below the fire grate structure (41), and a fire grate sliding structure (44) which is arranged between the first bottom plate (42) and the second bottom plate (43), and the fire grate structure (41) comprises a fixed fire grate (411), a first fire grate (412) and a second fire grate (413);
the fixed fire grates (411) are positioned at the left end and the right end of the fire grate structure (41), the first fire grates (412) and the second fire grates (413) are arranged between the two fixed fire grates (411) in a staggered mode, connecting grooves (411 a) are symmetrically formed in the front-back direction of the top surface of the fixed fire grates (411), connecting blocks (411 b) matched with the connecting grooves (411 a) are symmetrically formed in the front-back direction of the bottom surface of the fixed fire grates (411), and the first fire grates (412) and the second fire grates (413) are fixedly connected with the first bottom plate (42) and the second bottom plate (43) through a plurality of connecting rods respectively;
the fire grate sliding structure (44) comprises a second motor (441) arranged on the front side wall of the combustion furnace (1) near the bottom, a rotating shaft (442) coaxially connected with an output shaft of the second motor (441), a plurality of cams (443) coaxially connected with the rotating shaft (442), a connecting plate (444) which is symmetrically distributed left and right and is fixedly connected with the top surface of the first bottom plate (42) and the bottom surface of the second bottom plate (43) respectively, a fixing plate (445) with the front end part and the rear end part fixed with the front and rear inner side walls of the combustion furnace (1) and a rebound mechanism (446);
the combustion furnace (1) is internally provided with a combustion section (3) which is positioned on the right side of the crushing assembly (2) and arranged along the fire grate assembly (4), and the combustion section (3) is divided into a primary combustion zone (31) on the left side and a secondary combustion zone (32) on the right side by a first division plate (33), a second division plate (34) and a third division plate (35) which are distributed from left to right in sequence.
3. A waste incinerator combustion section air staged combustion process as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the top surface of the combustion furnace (1) is positioned above the crushing assembly (2) near the left side and provided with a feed inlet (11), the bottom surface of the combustion furnace (1) is positioned at the right end of the fire grate assembly (4) near the right side and provided with a slag outlet (12), the lower part of the slag outlet (12) is communicated with a slag outlet hopper (5), and the top surface of the combustion furnace (1) is provided with an exhaust pipe (6) communicated with a space between the first partition plate (33) and the third partition plate (35).
4. A waste incinerator combustion section air staged combustion process as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the crushing assembly (2) comprises a left side plate (21) and a right side plate (23) which are arranged on the left side and the right side below the feeding hole (11), the left side plate (21) is integrally S-shaped, the bottom of the left side plate is obliquely arranged towards the fire grate structure (41), a group of crushing rollers (22) are arranged between the left side plate (21) and the right side plate (23) near the middle part, and a first motor (24) is fixedly arranged at the position of the front side wall of the combustion furnace (1) corresponding to the position of the crushing rollers (22).
5. A waste incinerator combustion section air staged combustion process as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the top of the first partition plate (33) is fixed at the middle part of the right side wall of the inclined section of the right side plate (23), a space is reserved between the top of the second partition plate (34) and the top surface of the combustion furnace (1), the third partition plate (35) is directly and fixedly connected with the inner top surface of the combustion furnace (1), and the primary burner (38) and the secondary burner (39) are respectively positioned on the front side wall of the combustion furnace (1) and correspond to the primary combustion zone (31) and the secondary combustion zone (32) on the right side.
6. A waste incinerator combustion section air staged combustion process as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the right side wall of first division board (33) with the left side wall of second division board (34) all is equipped with a plurality of regular distribution's primary air intake (36) near the bottom, the right side wall of second division board (34) with the left side wall of third division board (35) all is equipped with a plurality of regular distribution's secondary air intake (37) near the bottom, primary air intake (36) with the air outlet of secondary air intake (37) is buckling and orientation fire grate structure (41) setting.
7. A waste incinerator combustion section air staged combustion process as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the structure of fixed grate (411), first grate (412) and second grate (413) is the same, both sides around fixed grate (411) with inside wall is fixed around fire burning furnace (1), first grate (412) with the both sides of second grate (413) all are equipped with connecting piece (46), connecting piece (46) inner and corresponding fire grate structure (41) lateral wall are fixed, inside wall be equipped with the position around fire burning furnace (1) with first grate (412) with remove groove (13) of second grate (413) one-to-one, the outer end of connecting piece (46) is located remove inslot (13).
8. The air staged combustion process of the combustion section of the garbage incinerator as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the right half side of the top surface of the fixed grate (411) is composed of a plurality of overhanging plates (411 d) which are distributed in a step shape, and a plurality of regularly distributed air holes (411 c) are formed in a vertical plate connected between two adjacent overhanging plates (411 d).
9. The air staged combustion process of the combustion section of the garbage incinerator as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the utility model discloses a fire grate structure, including first bottom plate (42), second bottom plate (43), first bottom plate (42) are located second bottom plate (43) below just width is greater than around first bottom plate (42) is greater than second bottom plate (43), second bottom plate (43) top surface is equipped with lower air inlet structure (45), lower air inlet structure (45) including respectively with first division board (33) with first mounting panel (451) and second mounting panel (452) that second division board (34) position corresponds, first mounting panel (451) with the right side wall of second mounting panel (452) is equipped with next air intake (453) and lower secondary air intake (454) of a plurality of regular distributions respectively by the top, the fire grate structure (41) position looks adaptation in the high corresponding position of next air intake (453) and lower secondary air intake (454), the air outlet level setting of next air intake (453) and lower secondary air intake (454).
10. A waste incinerator combustion section air staged combustion process as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the cam (443) is regularly distributed along the rotating shaft (442) and is adjacent to the protruding portions of the cam (443) in a staggered mode, the rebound mechanism (446) comprises a sliding rod (4461), a sliding rod sleeve (4462) and a pressure spring (4463), the outer side wall of the connecting plate (444) corresponding to one end of the sliding rod (4461) is fixed, the other end of the connecting plate is inserted into the sliding rod sleeve (4462), and the pressure spring (4463) is located between the outer end face of the sliding rod (4461) and the inner end face of the sliding rod sleeve (4462).
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