CN117321116A - 热稳定化的组合物 - Google Patents
热稳定化的组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117321116A CN117321116A CN202280033169.XA CN202280033169A CN117321116A CN 117321116 A CN117321116 A CN 117321116A CN 202280033169 A CN202280033169 A CN 202280033169A CN 117321116 A CN117321116 A CN 117321116A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- polysaccharide
- polyamide
- composition
- alkylated
- hydroxyalkylated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGXQOOQUZRUVSS-ZZXKWVIFSA-N [5-[3,5-dihydroxy-2-(1,3,4-trihydroxy-5-oxopentan-2-yl)oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl (e)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OC1C(OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C=O)OCC(O)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(COC(=O)\C=C\C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)O1 UGXQOOQUZRUVSS-ZZXKWVIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920013820 alkyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/26—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/10—Metal compounds
- C08K3/105—Compounds containing metals of Groups 1 to 3 or of Groups 11 to 13 of the Periodic Table
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/014—Additives containing two or more different additives of the same subgroup in C08K
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/08—Stabilised against heat, light or radiation or oxydation
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含聚酰胺和改性多糖的组合物、包含其的三维物体以及用于使聚酰胺耐热稳定的用途和方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包含聚酰胺(polyamide)和改性多糖(modified polysaccharide)的组合物、包含其的三维物体以及用于使聚酰胺耐热稳定的用途和方法。
背景技术
聚酰胺和聚酰胺组合物在超过150℃至180℃的升高的温度下具有快速劣化和降解的倾向。而在汽车工业中附着于发动机的塑料模制部件暴露于超过150℃至180℃的温度范围的温度,因此包含聚酰胺的组合物或部件在这些范围内容易快速劣化和降解,特别是当较长时间暴露于该温度时。
现有技术尤其通过用非常昂贵的特种聚合物代替聚酰胺和/或将它们与特定添加剂一起使用来解决聚酰胺的热稳定性问题。因此,该行业仅面对有限类型的超过150℃至180℃的温度范围的合适聚合物材料和/或具有超过150℃至180℃的温度范围的稳定性的有限聚酰胺组合物。
该行业需要使用现有的聚酰胺和/或聚酰胺组合物并提高它们对超过150℃至180℃的温度的热稳定性,特别是当较长时间暴露于该温度时。
本发明通过使用烷基化多糖(alkylated polysaccharide)、羟烷基化多糖(hydroxy-alkylated polysaccharide)和乙酰化多糖(acetylated polysaccharide)的至少一种作为热稳定剂克服现有技术的问题并满足该行业对扩大聚酰胺组合物,特别是脂族聚酰胺组合物的温度范围的需要,特别是当较长时间暴露于该温度时。
附图描述
图1-配制剂样品A至D在210℃下加热1000小时后的拉伸强度测量结果。
图2-配制剂样品E至H在210℃下加热1000小时后的拉伸强度测量结果。
图3-配制剂C在230℃下加热1000小时后的拉伸强度测量结果。
发明详述
本发明涉及一种组合物,其包含
-烷基化多糖、羟烷基化多糖和乙酰化多糖的至少一种,和
-聚酰胺,
其中所述多糖以基于组合物的总重量计0.10至8.0重量%的量包含在所述组合物中。
本发明能够将聚酰胺组合物,特别是脂族聚酰胺组合物的温度范围扩大到超过150℃至180℃,特别是当暴露较长时间范围时。
根据本发明的组合物包含烷基化多糖、羟烷基化多糖和乙酰化多糖的至少一种。
表述烷基化多糖或羟烷基化多糖在本文中被理解为是其中羟烷基或烷基,优选羟烷基连接至多糖结构部分的化合物。羟烷基或烷基,优选羟烷基可以天然地或人工地(例如借助化学合成或酶促合成)连接至多糖结构部分。
多糖结构部分可包含任何含有至少5个,优选10个通过糖苷键(glycosidic bond)彼此连接,例如通过α和/或β糖苷键彼此连接的单糖单体的多糖。多糖结构部分可包含纤维素、烷基纤维素,如C1-4烷基纤维素,优选甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素或乙基甲基纤维素、阿拉伯木聚糖(arabinoxylan)、几丁质(chitin)或果胶(pectin)结构部分。
羟烷基化多糖的羟烷基可以是线性或支化C1-10羟烷基,优选线性或支化C2-5羟烷基。羟烷基化多糖的羟烷基的羟基可以是伯羟基或仲羟基。羟烷基可以通过酯键、醚键、酰胺键或氨基键,优选醚键连接至多糖结构部分。基于各自多糖的潜在游离连接基团的羟烷基化百分比计,羟烷基化多糖合适地具有至少80摩尔%的羟烷基化程度。
羟烷基化通常通过多糖的游离羟基与环氧烷(alkylene oxide),优选环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷的反应发生。当多糖用环氧丙烷羟烷基化时,该羟基化多糖(hydroxylatedpolysaccharide)通常包含基于羟基化多糖的重量计20至80重量%,优选22至65重量%的已反应环氧丙烷。
烷基化多糖的烷基可以是线性或支化C1-10烷基,优选线性或支化C2-5烷基。烷基可以通过酯键、醚键、酰胺键或氨基键,优选醚键连接至多糖结构部分。基于各自多糖的潜在游离连接基团的烷基化百分比计,烷基化多糖通常具有30至100%的烷基化程度。
烷基化多糖优选包含纤维素或甲基纤维素结构部分。术语纤维素和甲基纤维素是本领域技术人员公知的。烷基化多糖可以是烷基化纤维素或甲基纤维素。
烷基化或羟烷基化多糖优选包含每5个单糖单体单元至少1个,优选2个游离醇基团(free alcohol group)。烷基化或羟烷基化多糖优选包含每10个单糖单体单元至少2个,优选至少3个,更优选至少4个游离醇基团。在一些实施方案中,烷基化或羟烷基化多糖包含每5个单糖单体单元不多于1个游离醇基团。在进一步实施方案中,(羟)烷基化多糖((hydroxy)alkylated polysaccharide)优选包含每10个单糖单体单元不多于1个游离醇基团。
上文提到的游离醇基团的数目涉及单体单元上的未被烷基化或羟烷基化的羟基的数目。不考虑通过用环氧烷羟烷基化生成的羟基。
烷基化或羟烷基化多糖优选选自羟丙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、乙基羟乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、乙基甲基纤维素及其任何混合物,优选羟丙基纤维素。乙酰化多糖可以是乙酸纤维素。
基于组合物的总重量计,烷基化或羟烷基化或乙酰化多糖可以以至少0.010重量%,优选至少0.050重量%,更优选0.10重量%的量包含在该组合物中。基于组合物的总重量计,烷基化或羟烷基化或烷基化多糖可以以不多于25重量%,优选15重量%,更优选不多于8.0重量%的量包含在该组合物中。基于组合物的总重量计,烷基化或羟烷基化或烷基化多糖可以以0.010重量%至25重量%的量包含在该组合物中。基于组合物的总重量计,烷基化或羟烷基化或烷基化多糖优选以0.050重量%至15重量%,更优选0.10至8.0重量%的量包含在该组合物中。
根据本发明的组合物包含聚酰胺。
术语聚酰胺是本领域技术人员公知的。术语聚酰胺涉及具有与酰胺键连接的重复单元的聚合物。
聚酰胺可以是脂族、芳族或脂族-芳族聚酰胺。表述脂族、芳族或脂族-芳族聚酰胺是本领域技术人员公知的。
典型的脂族聚酰胺可包含衍生自例如使6-氨基己酸或己内酰胺聚合的聚酰胺6(PA6)、可衍生自例如使月桂内酰胺聚合的聚酰胺12(PA12)、可衍生自例如六亚甲基二胺和己二酸的聚酰胺66(PA66)、可衍生自1,6-己二胺和癸二酸的聚酰胺610(PA610)、可衍生自例如1,6-己二胺和十二烷二酸的聚酰胺612(PA612)。典型的芳族聚酰胺或芳纶可以由芳族单体组分,如邻苯二甲酸衍生化合物和/或苯二胺衍生化合物组成。典型的脂族-芳族聚酰胺可以由会一起聚合的芳族和脂族单体的混合物,或离散的(discreate)芳族聚酰胺、脂族聚酰胺或芳族-脂族聚酰胺的物理共混物组成。
聚酰胺可以优选是脂族聚酰胺。
基于组合物的总重量计,聚酰胺可以以至少75重量%,优选至少85重量%,更优选至少90重量%聚酰胺的量包含在该组合物中。基于组合物的总重量计,聚酰胺可以以不多于99.09重量%,优选不多于99.950重量%,更优选99.9重量%的量包含在该组合物中。基于组合物的总重量计,聚酰胺可以以75至99.09重量%,优选85至99.95重量%,更优选90至99.9重量%的量包含在该组合物中。
根据本发明的组合物可以进一步包含附加热稳定剂。
附加热稳定剂可优选不同于根据本发明的烷基化或羟烷基化多糖。
附加热稳定剂可选自有机热稳定剂,如酚类抗氧化剂、亚磷酸盐(phosphite)、膦衍生物、受阻胺、三聚氰胺、硫醚、硫醇、硫酯、硫代氨基甲酸酯、含有多于两个羟基的多元醇或芳胺,或无机热稳定剂,如铜盐或碘盐,或其任何混合物。酚类抗氧化剂可选自受阻酚类化合物、半受阻酚类化合物或未受阻酚类化合物。含有多于两个羟基的多元醇可选自含有多于两个羟基的多元醇,包括三醇,如甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、2,3-二-(2'-羟乙基)-环己-1-醇、己-1,2,6-三醇、1,1,1-三-(羟甲基)乙烷、3-(2'-羟基乙氧基)-丙-1,2-二醇、3-(2'-羟基丙氧基)-丙-1,2-二醇、2-(2'-羟基乙氧基)-己-1,2-二醇、6-(2'-羟基丙氧基)-己-1,2-二醇、1,1,1-三[(2'-羟基乙氧基)-甲基]-乙烷、1,1,1-三-[(2'-羟基丙氧基)-甲基]-丙烷、1,1,1-三(4'-羟基苯基)-乙烷、1,1,1-三-(羟基苯基)-丙烷、1,1,3-三-(二羟基-3-甲基苯基)-丙烷、1,1,4-三-(二羟基苯基)-丁烷、1,1,5-三-(羟基苯基)-3-甲基戊烷、二-三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基丙烷乙氧基化物或三羟甲基丙烷丙氧基化物;多元醇,如季戊四醇、二季戊四醇和三季戊四醇;和糖类,如环糊精、D-甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、蔗糖、果糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、D-甘露糖醇、D-山梨糖醇、D-或L-阿拉伯糖醇、木糖醇、艾杜糖醇、塔罗糖醇、蒜糖醇、阿卓糖醇、古力糖醇(guilitol)、赤藓糖醇、苏糖醇和D-古洛糖酸-γ-内酯;等等。芳胺可选自任何苯胺衍生化合物、苯二胺衍生化合物、吡啶化合物(pyridinic compound)或吡咯化合物(pyrolic compound)。芳胺的胺可以是芳族结构上的侧基,或并入芳族结构中。铜盐可选自含铜的化合物,但碘化铜是优选的。卤化物盐可选自碱金属或碱土金属的任一种,并且卤化物可以是氯化物、溴化物或碘化物。在某些铜稳定化体系中,卤化物盐可以被脂族卤化物替代。
基于组合物的总重量计,附加热稳定剂可以以0.010重量%至8.000重量%的量包含在该组合物中。基于组合物的总重量计,附加热稳定剂可优选以0.050至4.000重量%,更优选0.100至2.000重量%包含在该组合物中。
根据本发明的组合物可进一步包含增韧剂、增塑剂、阻燃剂、增强剂或其任何混合物。
增韧剂是提高组合物的机械稳健性或韧性的添加剂。组合物的“增韧”被本领域技术人员理解为是聚合物质吸收能量和塑性变形而不增加断裂的能力。适用于该组合物的典型增韧剂可选自乙烯、(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和任选一种或多种(甲基)丙烯酸酯的共聚物;用不饱和羧酸酐接枝的乙烯/α-烯烃或乙烯/α-烯烃/二烯共聚物;乙烯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-异氰酸根合乙酯和任选一种或多种(甲基)丙烯酸酯的共聚物;以及与Zn、Li、Mg或Mn化合物反应以形成相应离聚物的乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物。
基于组合物的总重量计,增韧剂可以以0.00至50.00重量%,优选0.01至25.00重量%的量包含在该组合物中。
增塑剂是添加到材料中以使其更柔软和更柔韧、提高其塑性、降低其粘度或减少其在制造中的处理过程中的摩擦的添加剂。增塑剂可优选与聚酰胺混溶。适用于该组合物的典型增塑剂可包括磺酰胺,优选芳族磺酰胺,如苯磺酰胺和甲苯磺酰胺。合适的磺酰胺的实例包括N-烷基苯磺酰胺和甲苯磺酰胺,如N-丁基苯磺酰胺、N-(2-羟丙基)苯磺酰胺、N-乙基-邻甲苯磺酰胺、N-乙基-对甲苯磺酰胺、邻甲苯磺酰胺、对甲苯磺酰胺等。优选的是N-丁基苯磺酰胺、N-乙基-邻甲苯磺酰胺和N-乙基-对甲苯磺酰胺。
基于组合物的总重量计,增塑剂可以以1至20重量%,优选6至18重量%,更优选8至15重量%的量包含在该组合物中。
增强剂是改进物理性质如弹性和拉伸强度的物质。适用于该组合物的典型增强剂可包括碳酸钙、具有圆形和非圆形横截面的玻璃纤维、玻璃片(glass flake)、玻璃珠、碳纤维、滑石、云母、硅灰石、煅烧粘土、高岭土、硅藻土、硫酸镁、硅酸镁、硫酸钡、二氧化钛、碳酸钠铝、钡铁氧体、钛酸钾及其混合物。玻璃纤维、玻璃片、滑石和云母是优选的增强剂。
基于组合物的总重量计,增强剂可以以0至60重量%,优选10至60重量%,更优选15至50重量%的量包含在该组合物中。
本发明还涉及一种制造包含根据本发明的组合物的三维物体的方法,其中所述三维物体通过挤出或通过模制形成。
挤出或模制聚酰胺组合物的方法和进行这些方法的手段是本领域技术人员公知的。挤出是用于制造具有固定横截面轮廓的物体的方法,其中经由具有所需横截面的口模推出材料。模制是通过使用被称为模具或基体的刚性框架使液体或柔韧原材料成形的制造方法。
本发明还涉及包含根据本发明的组合物的三维物体。
该三维物体可以优选通过上述方法获得。
三维物体,特别是挤出或模制的三维物体,可选自增压空气冷却器(CAC)、气缸盖罩(CHC)、油底壳、发动机冷却系统如恒温器和加热器壳体和冷却剂泵、排气系统如消音器和催化转化器的壳体,进气歧管(AIM)和正时链带前盖。其它模制或挤出的三维物体可选自用于输送液体和气体的管道、管道内衬、燃料管线、空气断路管、冷却剂管、空气导管、气动管、液压软管(hydraulic houses)、电缆盖、电缆扎带、连接器、罐和推拉电缆(push-pullcables)。
在210℃下500小时之后,该三维物体可具有高于30MPa,优选高于40MPa,更优选高于60MPa的三维物体的聚酰胺组合物的拉伸强度。
在210℃下1000小时之后,该三维物体可优选具有高于20MPa,优选高于30MPa,更优选高于50MPa的三维物体的聚酰胺组合物的拉伸强度。
在210℃下1000小时之后,该三维物体可具有小于50%的三维物体的聚酰胺组合物的拉伸强度下降。
本发明还涉及一种发动机或发动机组件,其包含根据本发明的三维物体。
该发动机或发动机组件优选是汽车发动机或发动机组件。
该发动机或发动机组件优选是电气或电子系统的一部分。
本发明还涉及一种机动车辆,其包含根据本发明的三维物体。
该机动车辆优选是汽车、卡车、船、火车、飞机、踏板车或摩托车。
本发明还涉及(羟)烷基化多糖((hydroxy)alkylated polysaccharide)用于聚酰胺的热稳定的用途。
(羟)烷基化多糖和聚酰胺根据上文所述的实施方案和定义。
上文所述的所有其它实施方案加以必要的变更适用。
热稳定化可以使得聚酰胺组合物在210℃下500小时之后具有高于30MPa,优选高于40MPa,更优选高于60MPa的拉伸强度。
热稳定化可以使得聚酰胺组合物在210℃下1000小时之后具有高于20MPa,优选高于30MPa,更优选高于50MPa的拉伸强度。
热稳定化可以使得在210℃下1000小时之后三维物体的聚酰胺组合物的拉伸强度下降小于50%。
本发明还涉及一种使聚酰胺耐热稳定的方法,其包括步骤:
a)提供聚酰胺,
b)加入烷基化多糖、羟烷基化多糖和乙酰化多糖的至少一种,
c)将聚酰胺与烷基化多糖、羟烷基化多糖和乙酰化多糖的所述至少一种混合,
d)任选地,在步骤a)至c)之一中包括附加热稳定剂。
烷基化多糖、羟烷基化多糖和乙酰化多糖的所述至少一种、聚酰胺和附加热稳定剂根据上文所述的实施方案和定义。
上文所述的所有其它实施方案加以必要的变更适用。
本发明还涉及提高聚酰胺组合物的热稳定性的方法,其包括步骤:
a)提供聚酰胺,
b)提供烷基化多糖、羟烷基化多糖和乙酰化多糖的至少一种、
c)将聚酰胺与烷基化多糖、羟烷基化多糖和乙酰化多糖的所述至少一种混合,
d)任选地,在步骤a)至c)之一中包括附加热稳定剂。
烷基化多糖、羟烷基化多糖和乙酰化多糖的所述至少一种、聚酰胺和附加热稳定剂根据上文所述的实施方案和定义。
上文所述的所有其它实施方案加以必要的变更适用。
实施例
1)材料
聚酰胺6,6、三聚氰胺、碘化亚铜、碘化钾、N,N-二苯基-对苯二胺“Flexamine”、硬脂酸锌和羟丙基纤维素(来自Ashland的Klucel H)可购得并用于这些实施例。
2)方法
将所有聚酰胺树脂在真空烘箱中在760mmhg的高真空(hard vacuum)下在40℃下干燥12小时。所有其它组分在混合到每种配制剂中之前用研钵和研杵粉碎成细粉。完全配制的样品使用具有285℃的平坦温度分布的小型实验室规模双螺杆挤出机配混。将配混的样品制成股(stranded)、切碎,然后在真空烘箱中在760mmhg的高真空下在40℃下干燥12小时,然后在50T实验室规模单螺杆注射成型机中在285℃下注射成型。然后将注射成型的狗骨形样品置于烘箱中,在设定温度下热老化设定的时间。在热老化后,样品在50%相对湿度下调理24小时,然后进行拉伸测试。
3)配制剂:
样品A:0.1% CuI、0.1%硬脂酸锌、0.8%碘化钾、99.0%聚酰胺66.
样品B:0.1% CuI、0.1%硬脂酸锌、0.8%碘化钾、1.0%羟丙基纤维素、1.0%三聚氰胺、97.0%聚酰胺66.
样品C:0.1% CuI、0.1%硬脂酸锌、0.8%碘化钾、2.0%羟丙基纤维素、0.5%三聚氰胺、96.5%聚酰胺66.
样品D:0.1% CuI、0.1%硬脂酸锌、0.8%碘化钾、2.0%羟丙基纤维素、2.0%三聚氰胺、95.0%聚酰胺66.
样品E:8.0% N,N-二苯基-对苯二胺、92.0%聚酰胺66.
样品F:5.0% N,N-二苯基-对苯二胺、2.0%三聚氰胺、93.0%聚酰胺66.
样品G:2.0% N,N-二苯基-对苯二胺、2.0%羟丙基纤维素、2.0%三聚氰胺、94.0%聚酰胺66.
样品H:2.0% N,N-二苯基-对苯二胺、5.0%羟丙基纤维素、2.0%三聚氰胺、91.0%聚酰胺66.
4)结果
图1显示,包含羟烷基化多糖的根据本发明的组合物B至D在210℃下1000小时后表现出相对于非根据本发明的组合物A显著提高的热稳定性。
图2显示,包含羟烷基化多糖的根据本发明的组合物G和H表现出相对于非根据本发明的组合物E和F提高的热稳定性。
图3显示,包含羟烷基化多糖的根据本发明的组合物C即使在230℃下1000小时后也表现出非常高的热稳定性。
Claims (14)
1.一种组合物,其包含
-烷基化多糖、羟烷基化多糖和乙酰化多糖的至少一种,和
-聚酰胺,
其中所述多糖以基于组合物的总重量计0.10至8.0重量%的量包含在所述组合物中。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中所述多糖包含纤维素或甲基纤维素结构部分,优选其中所述多糖选自羟丙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、乙基羟乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、乙基甲基纤维素、乙酸纤维素及其任何混合物。
3.根据权利要求1至2任一项的组合物,其中所述聚酰胺是脂族、芳族或脂族-芳族聚酰胺,优选脂族聚酰胺。
4.根据权利要求1至4任一项的组合物,其中所述组合物包含基于组合物的总重量计至少75重量%,优选至少85重量%,更优选至少90重量%的聚酰胺。
5.根据权利要求1至5任一项的组合物,其进一步包含附加热稳定剂,优选其中所述附加热稳定剂不同于(羟)烷基化多糖。
6.根据权利要求5任一项的组合物,其中所述附加热稳定剂选自有机热稳定剂,优选酚类抗氧化剂、含有多于两个羟基的多元醇或芳胺,或无机热稳定剂,优选铜盐或碘盐,或其任何混合物。
7.根据权利要求5至6任一项的组合物,其中所述组合物包含基于组合物的总重量计0.010重量%至8.000重量%,优选0.050至4.000重量%,更优选0.100至2.000重量%的量的附加热稳定剂。
8.一种制造包含根据权利要求1至7任一项的组合物的三维物体的方法,其中所述三维物体通过挤出或通过模制形成。
9.一种三维物体,其包含根据权利要求1至7任一项的组合物或可通过根据权利要求8的方法获得。
10.一种发动机或发动机组件,其包含根据权利要求9的三维物体。
11.一种机动车辆,其包含根据权利要求9的三维物体。
12.烷基化多糖、羟烷基化多糖和乙酰化多糖的至少一种用于聚酰胺的热稳定的用途。
13.一种使聚酰胺耐热稳定的方法,其中所述方法包括步骤:
a)提供聚酰胺,
b)加入烷基化多糖、羟烷基化多糖和乙酰化多糖的至少一种,
c)将聚酰胺与烷基化多糖、羟烷基化多糖和乙酰化多糖的所述至少一种混合,
d)任选地,在步骤a)至c)之一中包括附加热稳定剂。
14.一种提高聚酰胺组合物的热稳定性的方法,其中所述方法包括步骤:
a)提供聚酰胺,
b)加入烷基化多糖、羟烷基化多糖和乙酰化多糖的至少一种、
c)将聚酰胺与烷基化多糖、羟烷基化多糖和乙酰化多糖的所述至少一种混合,
d)任选地,在步骤a)至c)之一中包括附加热稳定剂。
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