CN117304998A - Solid fuel - Google Patents
Solid fuel Download PDFInfo
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- CN117304998A CN117304998A CN202310701816.6A CN202310701816A CN117304998A CN 117304998 A CN117304998 A CN 117304998A CN 202310701816 A CN202310701816 A CN 202310701816A CN 117304998 A CN117304998 A CN 117304998A
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- Prior art keywords
- solid fuel
- mass
- fatty acid
- acid
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- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 48
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- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 125000002469 tricosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L7/00—Fuels produced by solidifying fluid fuels
- C10L7/02—Fuels produced by solidifying fluid fuels liquid fuels
- C10L7/04—Fuels produced by solidifying fluid fuels liquid fuels alcohol
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
[ problem ] to provide: for example, a solid fuel having sufficiently high hardness even when cooled and solidified under slow cooling conditions. [ solution ] A solid fuel comprising: the alcohol (A) and the fatty acid (salt) (B) are used for converting the alkali component into sodium hydroxide in equimolar number and the amount expressed by the mass ratio (mg/g) of the sodium hydroxide in the solid fuel is-2.0-1.0 for the amount of the alkali component in the solid fuel or the insufficient amount of the alkali component for neutralizing the acid component in the solid fuel.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to solid fuels.
Background
As a heating fuel for food or the like, which has been cooked, there is known a solid fuel in which a solid fuel body of a cylindrical shape or a prismatic shape, which is sealed with a resin film, is packed with an exterior material. Solid fuel has been used mainly in a person pan, typified by a sightseeing hotel, and has been widely used in recent years in a cattle chain store, a restaurant, and the like. In addition, the solid fuel can be used as an ignition agent for charcoal (charcoal) or the like during barbecue.
For example, patent document 1 discloses: by covering the surface of the solid fuel with polyethylene, volatilization of the fuel component can be suppressed. Patent document 2 discloses that: the volatilization of the fuel component can be suppressed and the storage stability (weight retention of the solid fuel during storage) can be improved by compounding the fatty acid ester of the polyol without covering the surface of the solid fuel.
Prior art literature
Patent literature
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open No. 1-267133
Patent document 2: japanese patent laid-open No. 8-231970
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
Solid fuels are typically manufactured by the following process: the solid fuel may be easily disintegrated or cut to adjust the size and shape after solidification, because the hardness of the solid fuel may be lowered when the components are mixed and neutralized while being heated in the blending tank and then cooled and solidified, particularly when the solid fuel is cooled and solidified under slow cooling conditions. Patent documents 1 and 2 do not disclose in particular to further increase the hardness of the solid fuel.
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide: for example, a solid fuel having sufficiently high hardness even when cooled and solidified under slow cooling conditions.
Solution for solving the problem
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention (1) is a solid fuel comprising: the alcohol (A) and the fatty acid (salt) (B) are used for converting the amount of the alkali component in the solid fuel or the insufficient amount of the alkali component for neutralizing the acid component in the solid fuel into sodium hydroxide in equimolar amounts, and the value expressed as the mass ratio (mg/g) of the sodium hydroxide in the solid fuel (hereinafter, also referred to as alkali index) is-2.0 to 1.0.
The alkali component or the acid component in the solid fuel is an alkali component or an acid component that remains without being neutralized when the constituent components of the solid fuel are uniformly mixed. The amount of the alkali component in the solid fuel is represented by a positive value, and the insufficient amount of the alkali component for neutralizing the acid component in the solid fuel is represented by a negative value.
In the mass ratio (mg/g) of sodium hydroxide in the solid fuel, the mass of the solid fuel serving as a denominator is the mass of the solid fuel itself, and is not a value obtained by converting the alkali component in the solid fuel into sodium hydroxide of an equimolar number.
The solid fuel of the present invention has high hardness, is not easily disintegrated, is easily cut, and can be easily adjusted in size and shape. The reason why the hardness of the solid fuel of the present invention is increased is not clear, but it is considered that the alkali index is within a predetermined range, whereby the network structure of the gel formed by the fatty acid becomes firm and stable.
As described above, since the alkali index of the solid fuel of the present invention is specified to be within a predetermined range, for example, in the case of manufacturing by curing under slow cooling conditions, the hardness thereof is also increased.
In the present specification, solid means a state of exhibiting a solid, and includes a concept of gel.
The present invention (2) is the solid fuel of the present invention (1), wherein the fatty acid (salt) (B) comprises: the molar ratio of the fatty acid (salt) having 18 or more carbon atoms (B-1) to the fatty acid (salt) having 17 or less carbon atoms (B-2) is 0.01 to 70.
Thereby, the effect of the present invention becomes more remarkable.
The present invention (3) is the solid fuel of the present invention (1) or (2), wherein the content of the alcohol (a) is 50 to 99 mass%.
The present invention (4) is the solid fuel according to any one of the present invention (1) to (3), wherein the content of the fatty acid (salt) (B) is 3 to 20 mass%.
The present invention (5) is the solid fuel according to any one of the present invention (1) to (4), which contains water.
The present invention (6) is the solid fuel of the present invention (5), wherein the water content is 1 to 40 mass%.
The present invention (7) is the solid fuel according to any one of the present invention (1) to (6), wherein the surface thereof is covered with paraffin wax.
This prevents the fuel component from being volatilized more effectively. In addition, the ignition performance required as fuel is provided, and the solid fuel can be prevented from being ignited accidentally, so that the solid fuel is more focused and safer.
The invention (8) is the solid fuel of the invention (7), wherein the thickness of the paraffin wax is 0.1-2.0 mm.
The present invention (9) is the solid fuel according to any one of the present invention (1) to (8), which contains a thickener.
The present invention (10) is any solid fuel according to any one of the present invention (1) to (9), wherein the alcohol (a) contains a monohydric alcohol.
The present invention (11) is the solid fuel of the present invention (10), wherein the monohydric alcohol is methanol.
The present invention (12) is the solid fuel of the present invention (10) or (11), wherein the content of the monohydric alcohol is 50% by mass or more and less than 70% by mass.
The present invention (13) is the solid fuel of the present invention (10) or (11), wherein the content of the monohydric alcohol is 70% by mass or more and less than 85% by mass.
The present invention (14) is the solid fuel of the present invention (10) or (11), wherein the content of the monohydric alcohol is 85% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less.
The present invention is also a solid fuel comprising: an alcohol (a), and a fatty acid (salt) (B), the fatty acid (salt) (B) comprising: the molar ratio of the fatty acid (salt) having 18 or more carbon atoms (B-1) to the fatty acid (salt) having 17 or less carbon atoms (B-2) is 0.01 to 70.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION
The solid fuel of the invention has the basic performances of ignitability, fire behavior and the like, and has high hardness.
Detailed Description
The solid fuel of the present invention comprises: alcohol (A), and fatty acid (salt) (B), the alkali index is-2.0-1.0.
The above-mentioned alkali index is preferably-1.9 or more, more preferably-1.8 or more. The alkali index is preferably 0.9 or less, more preferably 0.8 or less. By making the alkali index so low, the cutting slag at the time of cutting can be reduced.
The alkali index in this specification means a value obtained by converting the amount of an alkali component in a solid fuel or the amount of an alkali component insufficient for neutralizing an acid component in a solid fuel into sodium hydroxide in equimolar amounts, and expressing the amount of the alkali component in the solid fuel as a mass ratio (mg/g) of sodium hydroxide, and is obtained by the following method.
About 10g of solid fuel is taken and neutral ethanol containing phenolphthalein is added (※1) And heated to dissolve completely.
In the case of insufficient base (no coloration of phenolphthalein to red), titration was directly carried out with 0.1mol/L potassium hydroxide-methanol solution. When the alkali is excessive (the phenolphthalein color is red), an appropriate amount of 0.1mol/L aqueous hydrochloric acid solution is added to make it acidic, and then titration is performed with a 0.1mol/L potassium hydroxide-methanol solution. The end point of the titration was set at the time when the phenolphthalein developed a pale red color.
The base index was calculated according to the following formula.
Base index = [ (a×f-b×f')×0.1×40.00] ≡c
A: amount of aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.1 mol/L) (added when the base is excessive) (mL)
f: factor of 0.1mol/L aqueous hydrochloric acid solution
B: titration of the required amount of 0.1mol/L potassium hydroxide-methanol solution (mL)
f': factor of 0.1mol/L Potassium hydroxide-methanol solution
0.1: titration of molar concentration (mol/L) of solution
40.00: molecular weight of sodium hydroxide
C: weight of solid fuel taken (g)
(. Sub.1) neutralizing ethanol: adding phenolphthalein solution to 1L of ethanol (95 v/v%) defined in JIS K8102 (※2) 10mL of a 0.1mol/L potassium hydroxide-methanol solution was added until a pale red color was obtained.
(. About.2) phenolphthalein solution: 1.0g of phenolphthalein as defined in JIS K8799 was measured, 90mL of ethanol (95 v/v%) as defined in JIS K8102 was added and dissolved, and purified water was added to make the total volume 100mL.
The alkali index can be suitably adjusted using a known alkali reagent such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, or a known acid reagent such as fatty acid, hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid. Among them, sodium hydroxide is preferably used as the alkali agent. Fatty acids are preferably used as acid reagents.
The components of the solid fuel of the present invention will be described below.
(alcohol (A))
Examples of the alcohol (a) include monohydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol, polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerol, and 1 or 2 or more of them may be used.
The solid fuel of the present invention preferably contains a monohydric alcohol.
The monohydric alcohol is preferably at least 1 selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol and propanol, more preferably methanol and/or ethanol, and still more preferably methanol, for reasons of shape stability and odor suppression of the solid fuel at the time of combustion.
Monohydric alcohol is a component that functions as a combustion component, and the more the content, the more ignitability, fire behavior, and shape stability are improved. Further, the content is preferably 95% by mass or less, more preferably 92% by mass or less, from the viewpoint of improving the weight retention of the solid fuel at the time of storage.
The monohydric alcohol may be used alone or in combination of 2 or more.
When the content of the monohydric alcohol (particularly preferably methanol) is 50 to 95% by mass based on 100% by mass of the solid fuel, it is preferable in terms of a good balance between the ignition force, ignitability and weight retention of the solid fuel during storage. For example, from the viewpoint of making the fire and ignitability sufficient and making the weight retention of the solid fuel at the time of storage more excellent, the content is preferably 50 mass% or more and less than 70 mass%. The content is more preferably 55 mass% or more, still more preferably 60 mass% or more. In addition, from the viewpoint of better balance between the ignition force, ignitability, weight retention of the solid fuel during storage, and shape of the solid fuel during combustion, the content is preferably 70 mass% or more and less than 85 mass%. The content is more preferably 75% by mass or more, and still more preferably 80% by mass or more. Further, from the viewpoint of sufficiently maintaining the weight of the solid fuel during storage and further improving the fire behavior and ignitability, the content is preferably 85 mass% or more and 95 mass% or less. The content is more preferably 88 mass% or more, and still more preferably 90 mass% or more. The content is more preferably 92 mass% or less.
Here, in the case where the solid fuel contains 2 or more kinds of monohydric alcohols, the content of the monohydric alcohols means the total content. The same applies to the content of other components. The preferable content range of the monohydric alcohol may be replaced with the preferable content range of 1 kind of methanol.
The polyhydric alcohol is preferably at least 1 selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerol. The polyol has excellent weight retention properties and exhibits moderate fire, storage properties and ignitability required as a solid fuel.
The polyhydric alcohol may be used alone or in combination of 2 or more.
The polyol is preferably ethylene glycol and/or diethylene glycol for the reasons of ignitability, persistence of combustion, and maintenance of the shape of the solid fuel during combustion, and more preferably ethylene glycol for the reasons that odor during combustion can be reduced.
In the case where the solid fuel of the present invention contains a polyol, the content of the polyol is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 2% by mass or more, still more preferably 5% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 8% by mass or more, of 100% by mass of the solid fuel, from the viewpoint of further improving weight retention. The content of the polyol is preferably 40 mass% or less, more preferably 35 mass% or less, still more preferably 30 mass% or less, still more preferably 25 mass% or less, still more preferably 20 mass% or less, still more preferably 15 mass% or less, from the viewpoint of maintaining the shape of the solid fuel during combustion, particularly preferably 5 mass% or less, more particularly preferably 3 mass% or less, still more preferably 1 mass% or less.
The solid fuel of the present invention comprising a monohydric alcohol (particularly preferably methanol) and a polyhydric alcohol is also one of the preferred modes of the present invention.
The content of the alcohol (a) is preferably 50 to 99 mass% in 100 mass% of the solid fuel.
The content of the alcohol (a) is more preferably 60% by mass or more, still more preferably 70% by mass or more, particularly preferably 75% by mass or more.
The content of the alcohol (a) is more preferably 98% by mass or less, still more preferably 95% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 93% by mass or less.
(fatty acid (salt) (B))
The fatty acid (salt) (B) has usually 2 or more carbon atoms, preferably 8 or more carbon atoms. The carbon number is preferably 22 or less, more preferably 20 or less.
In the present specification, the fatty acid (salt) (B) is a fatty acid and/or a fatty acid salt, preferably a fatty acid salt. The fatty acid (salt) (B) is preferably a salt formed by a neutralization reaction of a fatty acid with a base, for example. The fatty acid becomes a fatty acid salt by neutralization reaction with a base, and thus exhibits sufficient curability.
The fatty acid (salt) (B) may be used alone or in combination of 2 or more.
The fatty acid (salt) (B) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include saturated fatty acids such as acetic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachic acid, behenic acid, pentadecanoic acid, and heptadecanoic acid; unsaturated fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid; etc. They may be used alone, but preferably, 2 or more are used in combination. Among them, for the reason of stability of curability, saturated fatty acids are preferable, and at least 1 selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachic acid, pentadecanoic acid, and heptadecanoic acid is more preferable.
The salt of the fatty acid (salt) (B) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include sodium salts and potassium salts. These may be used alone or in combination of 2 or more. Among them, sodium salts are preferable for the reason of stability of curability.
The fatty acid (salt) (B) preferably contains a fatty acid (salt) (B-1) having 18 or more carbon atoms and a fatty acid (salt) (B-2) having 17 or less carbon atoms, and the molar ratio of (B-1)/(B-2) is 0.01 to 70.
If the molar ratio of (B-1)/(B-2) falls within the above range, the hardness of the solid fuel becomes more excellent.
The molar ratio of (B-1)/(B-2) is more preferably 0.1 or more, still more preferably 0.2 or more, particularly preferably 1 or more. By making the molar ratio so large, the cutting slag at the time of cutting can be reduced. The molar ratio is more preferably 20 or less, and still more preferably 10 or less.
The fatty acid (salt) (B) more preferably contains a fatty acid (salt) (B-1 ') having 18 to 22 carbon atoms and a fatty acid (salt) (B-2') having 2 to 17 carbon atoms, and the molar ratio of (B-1 ')/(B-2') is 0.01 to 70 inclusive.
If the molar ratio of (B-1 ')/(B-2') is within the above range, the hardness of the solid fuel becomes more excellent.
The molar ratio of (B-1 ')/(B-2') is more preferably 0.1 or more, still more preferably 0.2 or more, particularly preferably 1 or more. By making the molar ratio so large, the cutting slag at the time of cutting can be reduced. The molar ratio is more preferably 20 or less, and still more preferably 10 or less.
The fatty acid (salt) (B) more preferably contains a fatty acid (salt) (B-1 ') having 18 to 20 carbon atoms and a fatty acid (salt) (B-2') having 8 to 16 carbon atoms, and the molar ratio of (B-1 ')/(B-2') is 0.01 to 70 inclusive.
If the molar ratio of (B-1 ")/(B-2") is within the above range, the hardness of the solid fuel becomes more excellent.
The molar ratio of (B-1 ")/(B-2") is more preferably 0.1 or more, still more preferably 0.2 or more, and particularly preferably 1 or more. The molar ratio is more preferably 20 or less, and still more preferably 10 or less.
The content of the fatty acid (salt) (B) is 3 to 20 mass% in 100 mass% of the solid fuel. When the content of the fatty acid (salt) (B) exceeds 20 mass%, the temperature and hardness at which the solid fuel solidifies become excessively high, and there is a concern that manufacturability may be deteriorated. When the content of the fatty acid (salt) (B) is less than 3 mass%, sufficient curability is not obtained, and the shape of the solid fuel at the time of combustion tends to be poor. The content of the fatty acid (salt) (B) is preferably 4% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, still more preferably 6% by mass or more, particularly preferably 7% by mass or more, preferably 18% by mass or less, more preferably 16% by mass or less, still more preferably 14% by mass or less, particularly preferably 12% by mass or less.
In the present specification, the content of the fatty acid (salt) (B) is a total mass ratio of a mass ratio of the fatty acid to a mass ratio of the fatty acid converted to the fatty acid in 100 mass% of the solid fuel.
The aforementioned solid fuel preferably comprises a thickener. This can suppress scattering of powder particles during combustion and can further improve stability of curability.
The thickener may be used alone or in combination of 2 or more kinds.
The thickener is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polysaccharides, polyacrylamide, polyalkylene oxide, polyacrylic acid and salts thereof, polyvinyl alcohol, and the like. Among them, polysaccharides are preferable for the reason of suppressing scattering of the powder particles of the fuel at the time of combustion. That is, the thickener preferably contains polysaccharides.
The polysaccharide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include cellulose derivatives, starches, alginic acid and salts thereof (e.g., sodium alginate), guar gum, gellan gum, gelatin, pectin, xanthan gum, carrageenan, and the like. Among them, cellulose derivatives are preferable for the reason of suppressing scattering of the powder particles of the fuel at the time of combustion. That is, the thickener preferably contains a cellulose derivative.
The cellulose derivative is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. Among them, cellulose ether is preferable, at least 1 selected from the group consisting of methyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose is more preferable, and methyl cellulose is still more preferable, for the reason of suppressing scattering of the powder particles of the fuel at the time of combustion. That is, the thickener preferably contains methylcellulose.
The viscosity of the 2 mass% aqueous solution of the thickener at 20 ℃ is preferably 100 to 100000 mPas, more preferably 150 to 50000 mPas, still more preferably 200 to 10000 mPas.
In the present specification, the viscosity of a 2 mass% aqueous solution of the thickener at 20℃was measured by a Brookfield type rotational viscometer in accordance with JIS Z8803 (2011).
When the solid fuel contains a thickener, the content of the thickener is preferably 0.01 mass% or more, more preferably 0.05 mass% or more, still more preferably 0.1 mass% or more, preferably 1.0 mass% or less, more preferably 0.8 mass% or less, still more preferably 0.5 mass% or less, of 100 mass% of the solid fuel.
In addition to the above components, additives generally used in solid fuels may be blended with the solid fuels. Examples of the additive include a perfume, a toner, and a stabilizer. These additives may be used alone or in combination of 2 or more.
The aforementioned solid fuel preferably comprises water. The solid fuel is more excellent in weight retention if it contains water.
When the solid fuel contains water, the content of water is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 1.5% by mass or more, based on 100% by mass of the solid fuel. The water content is preferably 40% by mass or less, more preferably 35% by mass or less, still more preferably 30% by mass or less, still more preferably 25% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 20% by mass or less. If the content is less than 1 mass%, sufficient weight retention tends to be insufficient, and if it exceeds 40 mass%, sufficient flame and ignitability tend to be insufficient, and sufficient curability tends to be insufficient. The water content is a value including the amount of water produced by neutralization of an acid reagent such as a basic reagent and a fatty acid.
The solid fuel may be produced by a general method. That is, the composition can be produced by a method of mixing the above-mentioned components while heating them in a mixing tank, neutralizing them, cooling them, and solidifying them.
The solid fuel is a solid substance containing alcohol. In general, a fatty acid and a base are blended in a composition for solid fuel in order to form a solid from a liquid alcohol, and the fatty acid is converted into a fatty acid salt by a neutralization reaction with the base, whereby sufficient curability can be obtained and the composition for solid fuel can be formed into a solid fuel as a solid. The solid fuel may be shaped into a predetermined shape (e.g., a low cylindrical shape) by cutting or the like.
The solid fuel is preferably surface-coated with paraffin. That is, the solid fuel is preferably sealed with paraffin. If the surface of the solid fuel is covered with paraffin, vaporization of the fuel component of the solid fuel can be prevented, and a better weight retention property tends to be obtained. Further, the ignition property required as a fuel is provided, and the solid fuel is prevented from being ignited accidentally, and the solid fuel tends to be a safe solid fuel. In addition, the shape of the solid fuel at the time of combustion tends to be more excellent.
The paraffin is not particularly limited as long as it is hydrocarbon, and examples thereof include chain saturated hydrocarbons such as hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, nonadecane, eicosane, heneicosane, docosyl, tricosyl, tetracosyl, pentacosyl, hexacosyl, heptacosyl, octacosyl, and nonacosyl. These may be used alone or in combination of 2 or more.
The melting point of the paraffin wax is preferably 40 ℃ or higher, more preferably 45 ℃ or higher, still more preferably 50 ℃ or higher, preferably 80 ℃ or lower, more preferably 78 ℃ or lower, still more preferably 75 ℃ or lower.
In the present specification, the melting point of paraffin wax was measured by a paraffin wax melting point tester according to JISK2235 (2009).
The ratio of the paraffin wax coverage of 100% of the surface area of the solid fuel is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, still more preferably 95% or more, particularly preferably 98% or more, and most preferably 100%.
The lower limit of the thickness of the paraffin wax is preferably 0.1mm, more preferably 0.2mm, still more preferably 0.3mm, and the upper limit is preferably 2.0mm, more preferably 1.5mm, still more preferably 1.3mm.
When the paraffin wax thickness is less than 0.1mm, the weight retention of the solid fuel may not be sufficiently improved. If the paraffin wax thickness exceeds 2.0mm, ignitability may be deteriorated.
In the present specification, the thickness of paraffin is an average value of measured values at the cut surface 5 measured by a vernier caliper.
The method of covering the surface of the solid fuel with paraffin is not particularly limited, and may be carried out, for example, by a method of spraying liquid paraffin onto the surface of the solid fuel, a method of immersing the solid fuel in liquid paraffin dissolved by heating, or the like.
The shape of the solid fuel is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a cylindrical shape, a prismatic shape, a block shape, a powder shape, and the like. Among them, cylindrical shape and prismatic shape are preferable for the reasons of ignitability and stability of fire.
The aforementioned solid fuel may be filled into the tank. For example, the following product morphologies are also contemplated: the tank is filled with solid fuel, and the solid fuel is used as fuel by opening the lid and igniting the solid fuel while being kept in the tank.
The solid fuel can be used for heat preservation, heating, cooking, etc. of foods such as cooked foods. Among them, for reasons of moderate fire and combustion time, the heat-insulating and heating device is preferably used for heat preservation and heating of cooked food.
The weight of the solid fuel is not particularly limited and may be appropriately set according to the purpose of use or the like. If the composition is used for heat preservation and heating of cooked food, it is preferably 3 to 300g, more preferably 3 to 60g, still more preferably 5 to 50g.
In the present specification, in the case where the surface of the solid fuel is covered with paraffin, the weight (mass) of paraffin is not included in the weight (mass) of the solid fuel.
When the solid fuel is burned, the solid fuel is set in the tray and ignited to burn. The solid fuel of this shape is suitable for heat preservation of pot cooking or the like, for example, in which cooking has been completed.
Examples
The present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Hereinafter, various chemical reagents used in examples and comparative examples will be described in summary.
Methanol: methanol made by Miyao industries Co., ltd
Ethanol: ethanol (99.5) manufactured by Miyao industries, inc
Propanol: 1-propanol manufactured by Miyao industries Co., ltd
Ethylene glycol: ethylene glycol manufactured by Miyao industries Co., ltd
Diethylene glycol: diethylene glycol from Miyao products industry Co
Propylene glycol: propylene glycol from Miyao products industry Co
Glycerol: glycerol manufactured by Miyao industries Co., ltd
Sodium hydroxide: sodium hydroxide manufactured by Miyao industries Co
Potassium hydroxide: potassium hydroxide manufactured by Miyao industries Co., ltd
Acetic acid: acetic acid from Miyao industries Co
Octanoic acid: n-octanoic acid made by Miyao industries Co
Capric acid: decanoic acid made by Miyao industries Co., ltd
Lauric acid: lauric acid manufactured by Miyao industries Co., ltd
Myristic acid: myristic acid from Miyao industries Co
Palmitic acid: palmitic acid manufactured by Miyao industries Co., ltd
Stearic acid: stearic acid manufactured by Miyao industries Co., ltd
Eicosanoic acid: eicosanoic acid manufactured by Fuji film and Wako pure chemical industries, ltd
Methylcellulose: metolose SM400 manufactured by Xinyue chemical industry Co., ltd. (viscosity of 2% by mass aqueous solution at 20 ℃ C.: 400 mPa. Multidot.s)
Paraffin wax: paraffin wax (melting point: 68-70 ℃ C.) manufactured by Miyao products industry Co., ltd
Examples and comparative examples
< production of solid Fuel >
According to the formulation shown in tables 1 to 3, each chemical reagent was mixed at 55 to 70℃using a hot stirrer to obtain a solid fuel composition. In each formulation, the fatty acid was mixed with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide so that the composition of the fatty acid became table 1 to table 3 and the alkali index became the values of table 1 to table 3. In tables 1 to 3, the amount (parts by mass) of fatty acid is the total mass of the mass ratio of fatty acid to the mass ratio of fatty acid converted to fatty acid in the solid fuel composition. The mass (parts by mass) of each component is the mass of the pure component. The total amount was set to 100 parts by mass.
The obtained solid fuel composition was cooled and solidified, and then cut and molded into a cylindrical shape to obtain a solid fuel.
In examples 7, 20, 30, 33, 37, 41, 43, 56, 66 and 78, the surface of the solid fuel was covered with paraffin by immersing in paraffin dissolved by heating at 80℃to cover 90% (thickness of paraffin: 0.5 mm).
The following evaluation was performed using the obtained solid fuel, and the results are shown in tables 1 to 3. In examples 7, 20, 30, 33, 37, 41, 43, 56, 66, and 78, the hardness and the ease of occurrence of cutting slag during cutting were evaluated using a solid fuel before paraffin coverage, and the other evaluation was performed on a solid fuel covered with paraffin.
(hardness (slow cooling))
The solid fuel composition obtained by mixing the chemical reagents at 55 to 70 ℃ was filled into a glass tube having a diameter of 40mm, and was slowly cured in a warm bath at 50 ℃. After curing, the sample was cut to a height of 25mm, and the sample was horizontally compressed at a speed of 10 mm/min by using a jig for covering the entire upper and lower surfaces of the sample with Autograph AGS-10kNX (manufactured by shimadzu corporation). The value of the load (N) required to compress the solid fuel by 5mm was taken as the hardness index.
Evaluation was performed based on the following criteria.
And (3) the following materials: the hardness index is 150 to 500
And (2) the following steps: the hardness index is 120 or more and less than 150, or more than 500 and 600 or less
Delta: the hardness index is 100 or more and less than 120 or more than 600
X: below 100
If the content is not less than Δ, the hardness is good, the disintegration is difficult, and the cutting property is excellent. The harder the hardness, the harder the disintegration, while the moderate hardness gives more excellent cutting properties. The hardness index is preferably the above-mentioned excellent or good hardness index from the viewpoint of making the balance between the ease of disintegration and the cutting property good and excellent.
(ease of appearance of cutting slag at the time of cutting)
The difficulty in the appearance of cutting slag when solid fuel was wire-cut with a piano wire having a wire diameter of 0.5mm was confirmed. Evaluation was performed based on the following criteria.
And (3) the following materials: substantially no cutting slag is generated
And (2) the following steps: less cutting slag
X: cutting slag is more
(shape of solid Fuel upon Combustion)
Solid fuel was placed in an aluminum cup and ignited to visually observe the condition of the solid fuel in combustion. Evaluation was performed based on the following criteria.
And (3) the following materials: does not cause dripping
And (2) the following steps: slightly causes dripping
Delta: causing dripping
X: all amounts of liquefied
If the fuel is delta or more, the shape of the solid fuel at the time of combustion is good.
(weight change upon storage)
25g of solid fuel was packed in a polyethylene film and allowed to stand at 25℃under a humidity of 50% RH for 24 hours. The weight before and after the test was measured, and the weight loss was calculated. Evaluation was performed based on the following criteria.
And (3) the following materials: weight loss of 1.00g or less
And (2) the following steps: weight loss exceeding 1.00g and below 1.20g
X: weight loss exceeding 1.20g
(ignitability)
The flame of the lighter is brought into contact with the upper surface of the solid fuel and the time required until ignition is measured. Evaluation was performed based on the following criteria.
And (3) the following materials: ignition time is less than 1 second
And (2) the following steps: ignition time is 1 second or more and less than 2 seconds
X: is not ignited after 2 seconds of contact with flame
(fire)
25g of solid fuel was placed on a stove and ignited, and an aluminum pot with 300mL of water (15 ℃) was placed on the stove. To visually observe the fire in the combustion of the solid fuel and the boiling condition of the water. Evaluation was performed based on the following criteria.
And (3) the following materials: until the water boils for less than 12 minutes
And (2) the following steps: the time until the water boils is more than 12 minutes and less than 15 minutes
X: the time until the water boiled was 15 minutes or more [ Table 1]
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
From tables 1 to 3, it is clear that the solid fuel containing the alcohol (a), the fatty acid (salt) (B) and the alkali index of-2.0 to 1.0 has sufficiently high hardness even when cooled and solidified under the slow cooling condition.
Claims (14)
1. A solid fuel comprising:
alcohol (A), and
fatty acid (salt) (B),
the amount of the alkali component in the solid fuel or the shortage of the alkali component for neutralizing the acid component in the solid fuel is represented by a value of-2.0 to 1.0 in terms of sodium hydroxide in equimolar amount in terms of mass ratio (mg/g) of sodium hydroxide in the solid fuel.
2. The solid fuel of claim 1, wherein the fatty acid (salt) (B) comprises: a fatty acid (salt) having 18 or more carbon atoms (B-1) and a fatty acid (salt) having 17 or less carbon atoms (B-2),
the molar ratio of (B-1)/(B-2) is 0.01 to 70.
3. The solid fuel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of the alcohol (a) is 50 to 99 mass%.
4. The solid fuel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of the fatty acid (salt) (B) is 3 to 20 mass%.
5. The solid fuel of claim 1 or 2, comprising water.
6. The solid fuel according to claim 5, wherein the water content is 1 to 40 mass%.
7. Solid fuel according to claim 1 or 2, the surface of which is covered with paraffin.
8. The solid fuel according to claim 7, wherein the paraffin wax has a thickness of 0.1 to 2.0mm.
9. The solid fuel according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a thickener.
10. The solid fuel of claim 1, wherein the alcohol (a) comprises a monohydric alcohol.
11. The solid fuel of claim 10, wherein the monohydric alcohol is methanol.
12. The solid fuel according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the content of the monohydric alcohol is 50 mass% or more and less than 70 mass%.
13. The solid fuel according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the content of the monohydric alcohol is 70 mass% or more and less than 85 mass%.
14. The solid fuel according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the content of the monohydric alcohol is 85 mass% or more and 95 mass% or less.
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| JP2023069350A JP7410604B1 (en) | 2023-04-20 | 2023-04-20 | solid fuel |
| JP2023-069350 | 2023-04-20 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1152023A (en) * | 1995-12-14 | 1997-06-18 | 陈福基 | Composite fuel |
| CN1944603A (en) * | 2006-11-02 | 2007-04-11 | 中国人民解放军总后勤部军需装备研究所 | Solid alcohol fuel and its preparing method |
| CN104694204A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-06-10 | 青岛惠城石化科技有限公司 | Environmentally-friendly military solid alcohol fuel |
| CN104711071A (en) * | 2015-03-07 | 2015-06-17 | 内蒙古民族大学 | Preparation method of solid alcohol |
| RU2754535C1 (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2021-09-03 | Алексей Анатольевич Дятлов | Solid fuel |
-
2023
- 2023-04-20 JP JP2023069350A patent/JP7410604B1/en active Active
- 2023-06-14 CN CN202310701816.6A patent/CN117304998A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1152023A (en) * | 1995-12-14 | 1997-06-18 | 陈福基 | Composite fuel |
| CN1944603A (en) * | 2006-11-02 | 2007-04-11 | 中国人民解放军总后勤部军需装备研究所 | Solid alcohol fuel and its preparing method |
| CN104694204A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-06-10 | 青岛惠城石化科技有限公司 | Environmentally-friendly military solid alcohol fuel |
| CN104711071A (en) * | 2015-03-07 | 2015-06-17 | 内蒙古民族大学 | Preparation method of solid alcohol |
| RU2754535C1 (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2021-09-03 | Алексей Анатольевич Дятлов | Solid fuel |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 毕吉利等: "酸碱滴定过程中酚酞变色点影响因素的分析", 《通化师范学院学报（自然科学）》, vol. 34, no. 2, 30 April 2013 (2013-04-30) * |
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