CN117303159B - Active safety elevator - Google Patents
Active safety elevator Download PDFInfo
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- CN117303159B CN117303159B CN202311604836.8A CN202311604836A CN117303159B CN 117303159 B CN117303159 B CN 117303159B CN 202311604836 A CN202311604836 A CN 202311604836A CN 117303159 B CN117303159 B CN 117303159B
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- car
- buffer
- buffer device
- elevator
- pit
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- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 313
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/28—Buffer-stops for cars, cages, or skips
- B66B5/282—Structure thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/0006—Monitoring devices or performance analysers
- B66B5/0018—Devices monitoring the operating condition of the elevator system
- B66B5/0031—Devices monitoring the operating condition of the elevator system for safety reasons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/28—Buffer-stops for cars, cages, or skips
- B66B5/284—Buffer-stops for cars, cages, or skips mounted on cars or counterweights
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B50/00—Energy efficient technologies in elevators, escalators and moving walkways, e.g. energy saving or recuperation technologies
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- Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an active safety elevator, which belongs to the technical field of elevators and comprises a lift car, a counterweight and a traction host, wherein the lift car moves up and down in an elevator shaft, and a head end rope fixing assembly, the counterweight, the traction host, the lift car and a tail end rope fixing assembly are connected through a traction rope in sequence; through installing pit buffer and top buffer respectively in the bottom and the top of well, install sedan-chair end buffer and sedan-chair top buffer respectively in the top and the bottom of car simultaneously to make the elevator break down in descending and going up the in-process, when can not stop according to predetermined procedure system, can cushion the speed reduction system through the non-contact effect between pit buffer and the sedan-chair end buffer respectively and stop, cushion the speed reduction system through the elastic contact effect between top buffer and the sedan-chair top buffer and stop, thereby protect the inside personnel's of car safety betterly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of elevators, and particularly relates to an active safety elevator.
Background
As a vertical transportation vehicle in a high-rise building, the elevator has been developed for hundreds of years, and the safety protection of the elevator is gradually improved, however, for various reasons, the problems of the elevator such as stall falling and overspeed roof-rushing still occur, and once the problems of the elevator such as stall falling and overspeed roof-rushing occur, huge injury is caused to passengers, and even life safety is endangered.
The prior elevator generally installs a buffer device at the bottom of a hoistway, as shown in the chinese patent document with the patent application number 202211036631.X, it discloses a high-elasticity elevator damper and a using method thereof, through installing a storage seat, a buffer block, a slot, a first spring, an elastic rod, a second spring, a connecting plate, a first inserting rod and a connecting rod, when the elevator falls out of control, the elevator is firstly pressed on a top plate of the elevator damper, then the buffer block can be driven to move downwards in the first storage groove under the action of impact force, the first inserting rod can be inserted into the second insertion hole, and the connecting rod is always positioned in the first insertion hole, so that the limiting effect can be achieved to a certain extent, and then the buffer block can be driven to squeeze the first spring in the first storage groove, and the elastic rod can be driven to squeeze the second spring, so that the stability of the elevator damper in use can be improved to a certain extent. However, when the damper is used for carrying out elevator falling buffering, the elevator car is required to be pressed on the top plate of the elevator damper to buffer, the elevator damper can only carry out passive protection on the falling accident of the elevator car, and the protection cannot be actively and comprehensively carried out; meanwhile, when the elevator car contacts with the top plate of the damper, collision exists between the elevator car and the top plate of the damper, and when the falling speed of the elevator is high, high impact force is easily caused, so that passengers in the elevator car are injured.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an active safety elevator.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the active safety elevator comprises a lift car, a counterweight and a traction host, wherein the lift car moves in a lift well in a lifting manner, the counterweight is positioned on one side of the lift car, lift car guide rails are arranged on two sides of the lift car, a head rope end fixing assembly is arranged at the top of the lift car guide rail on one side, a tail rope end fixing assembly is arranged at the top of the lift car guide rail on the other side, the traction host is arranged above the counterweight, the traction host and the head rope end fixing assembly are positioned on the same side of the lift car, and the head rope end fixing assembly, the counterweight, the traction host, the lift car and the tail rope end fixing assembly are sequentially connected through traction ropes; the bottom and the top of the hoistway are respectively provided with a pit buffer device for preventing the car from falling off at stall and a top layer buffer device for preventing the car from overspeed and top-rushing, the bottom and the top of the car are respectively provided with a car bottom buffer device and a car top buffer device, the pit buffer device and the car bottom buffer device are oppositely arranged, and the pit buffer device and the car bottom buffer device perform buffer deceleration through non-contact action; the top layer buffer device and the car top buffer device are oppositely arranged, and the top layer buffer rotating shaft and the car top buffer device perform buffer deceleration through elastic contact.
In the present invention, the weight of the counterweight is equal to the net weight of the car itself.
In the invention, buffer speed reduction is realized between the pit buffer device and the car bottom buffer device through magnetic field acting force, and the magnetic poles of the pit buffer device are homopolar opposite to the magnetic poles of the car bottom buffer device, so that repulsive force is generated during interaction.
In the invention, the pit buffer device comprises a plurality of groups of pit electromagnets which are connected in parallel, and the magnetic poles of all pit electromagnets are arranged in the same direction.
In the invention, the pit buffer device further comprises a plastic shell, and the pit electromagnets are all arranged in the plastic shell.
In the invention, a cleaning device is arranged on the periphery of a plastic shell, the cleaning device comprises a cleaning ring, a lifting mechanism and a guide mechanism, the cleaning ring is sleeved on the outer side of the plastic shell, a hairbrush which is in contact with the plastic shell is arranged on the inner side of the cleaning ring, and the lifting mechanism is connected with the outer side of the cleaning ring to drive the cleaning ring to move up and down along the outer wall of the plastic shell for cleaning; the guide mechanism is provided with at least two groups, and the two groups of guide mechanisms are respectively and oppositely arranged on the plastic shell, and are connected with the cleaning ring and used for guiding the cleaning ring to smoothly move up and down along the outer wall of the plastic shell.
In the invention, a collecting box is arranged below a pit buffer device, an impurity inlet communicated with the collecting box is arranged below a cleaning ring, the impurity inlet is provided with a obliquely arranged check plate, the check plate obliquely extends from one side of the impurity inlet to the other side of the impurity inlet, one side of the check plate seals the impurity inlet, and the other side of the check plate is separated from the impurity inlet to form a channel communicated with the collecting box.
In the invention, the top layer buffer device comprises a top layer fixing frame, a top layer buffer plate, a buffer plate release mechanism and a plurality of groups of buffer spring assemblies, wherein the top layer fixing frame is fixedly arranged at the top of a hoistway, the top layer buffer plate is arranged below the top layer fixing frame through the buffer spring assemblies, the plurality of groups of buffer spring assemblies are arranged between the top layer buffer plate and the top layer fixing frame, the top layer buffer plate can elastically move up and down relative to the top layer fixing frame through the buffer spring assemblies, the buffer plate release mechanism is positioned at one side of the top layer buffer plate, the top layer buffer plate can be locked through the buffer plate release mechanism, and when the top layer buffer plate moves to the position above the buffer plate release mechanism, the buffer plate release mechanism stretches out to act to lock the top layer buffer plate above the buffer plate release mechanism, and the buffer spring assemblies are in a compressed state; and when the buffer plate release mechanism withdraws from the action, the buffer plate release mechanism is separated from the top buffer plate, and the top buffer plate moves downwards under the elastic action of the buffer spring assembly.
The buffer plate release mechanism comprises a locking hook rotatably arranged at one side of a well, a return spring with one end abutting against the back of the locking hook and a motor for driving the locking hook to rotate, wherein the other end of the return spring is fixed at one side of the well, the locking hook is provided with a protruding part matched with a top buffer plate, the bottom of the protruding part is an inclined surface, the inclined surface is inclined from bottom to top and is close to the interior of the well, and the top of the protruding part is a locking plane; the gear is installed to the axis of rotation of motor, the locking hook is equipped with the pivoted rotation portion around it when acting, the periphery of rotation portion is equipped with and is used for with the transmission tooth of gear engagement transmission, be connected through the gear and the transmission tooth meshing of rotation portion between motor and the locking hook.
In the invention, the car top buffer device comprises a car top fixing plate fixed at the top of the car and a car top buffer plate attached to the car top fixing plate, wherein the car top buffer plate and the top buffer plate are oppositely arranged.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the bottom pit buffer device and the top buffer device are respectively arranged at the bottom and the top of a hoistway, and the bottom buffer device and the top buffer device are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of a car, so that when an elevator fails in the descending and ascending processes and can not stop according to a preset program, buffer and deceleration stop can be respectively carried out through the non-contact action between the bottom pit buffer device and the bottom buffer device, and buffer and deceleration stop can be carried out through the elastic contact action between the top buffer device and the top buffer device, thereby better protecting the safety of personnel in the car; in addition, when the pit buffer device, the car bottom buffer device, the top layer buffer rotating shaft and the car top buffer device prevent car stall falling and overspeed top-rushing accidents, the elevator is controlled in a mode of actively detecting and implementing relevant measures by the elevator, so that the safety protection of the elevator is more comprehensive and reliable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the installation structure of the car of the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of each buffer device according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the internal structure of the pit buffer device according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the mounting structure of the pit buffer device of the present embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the installation structure of the top buffer device of the present embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the internal structure of the top buffer device according to the present embodiment;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the lock hook of the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the embodiment discloses an active safety elevator, which comprises a car 1, a counterweight 2 and a traction host 3, wherein the car 1 moves up and down in an elevator hoistway, the counterweight 2 is positioned at one side of the car 1, both sides of the car 1 are provided with car guide rails 4, a head rope end fixing assembly 5 is installed at the top of the car guide rail 4 at one side, a tail rope end fixing assembly 6 is installed at the top of the car guide rail 4 at the other side, the traction host 3 is installed above the counterweight 2, the traction host 3 and the head rope end fixing assembly 5 are positioned at the same side of the car 1, and the head rope end fixing assembly 5, the counterweight 2, the traction host 3, the car 1 and the tail rope end fixing assembly 6 are sequentially connected through traction ropes; the bottom and the top of the hoistway are respectively provided with a pit buffer device 7 for preventing the car 1 from falling at stall and a top layer buffer device 8 for preventing the car 1 from overspeed and top-rushing, the bottom and the top of the car 1 are respectively provided with a car bottom buffer device 9 and a car top buffer device 10, the pit buffer device 7 and the car bottom buffer device 9 are arranged opposite to each other, and the pit buffer device 7 and the car bottom buffer device 9 perform buffer deceleration through a non-contact effect; the top layer buffer device 8 and the car top buffer device 10 are arranged opposite to each other, and the top layer buffer device 8 and the car top buffer device 10 perform buffer deceleration through elastic contact action. The active safety elevator of the embodiment is provided with the pit buffer device 7 and the top buffer device 8 at the bottom and the top of a hoistway respectively, and is provided with the car bottom buffer device 9 and the car top buffer device 10 at the top and the bottom of the car 1 respectively at the same time, so that the elevator fails in the descending and ascending processes, and when the elevator cannot stop according to a preset program, the elevator can be buffered and decelerated through the non-contact effect between the pit buffer device 7 and the car bottom buffer device 9 respectively, and buffered and decelerated through the elastic contact effect between the top buffer device 8 and the car top buffer device 10, thereby better protecting the safety of personnel in the car 1.
In particular, the counterweight of a conventional elevator is generally equal to the net weight of the car 1 itself and to the weight of the counterweight 2Therefore, during both the stall descent and overspeed roof-punching of the car 1, the car 1 is likely to perform an accelerating or decelerating movement when the load in the car 1 is greater than the sum of the rated load>When the elevator car 1 stalls and falls, the resultant force direction of the elevator car 1 is downward, and the elevator car 1 accelerates and falls; when the load capacity in the car 1 is less than +.>When the elevator car 1 stalls and falls, the resultant force direction of the elevator car 1 is upward, and the elevator car 1 decelerates and falls; when the load capacity in the car 1 is greater than the rated load capacity +.>When the elevator car 1 is in overspeed roof punching, the resultant force direction of the elevator car 1 is downward, and the elevator car 1 is in deceleration roof punching; when the load capacity in the car 1 is less than +.>When the lift car 1 is in overspeed roof punching, the resultant force direction of the lift car 1 is upward, and the lift car 1 is accelerated to punch the roof; the situation that the car 1 of the traditional elevator stalls down and overspeed is topped is very many, and the analysis is complex. The counterweight mode of the elevator in this embodiment is that the weight of the counterweight 2 is equal to the net weight of the car 1, so when the car 1 is in the condition of stalling and falling and overspeed top-rushing, after the traction host 3 stops working, the car 1 always accelerates in the process of stalling and falling, and decelerates in the process of overspeed top-rushing, and the counterweight mode can greatly reduce the analysis and prevention of the situations of stalling and falling and overspeed top-rushing of the car 1, and the energy consumption generated by the power intervention of the traction host 3 is equivalent to that of the traditional elevator when the elevator operates.
When the car 1 is in stall and falls, under the interaction of the pit buffer device 7 and the car bottom buffer device 9, the car 1 in stall and fall can be gradually buffered and decelerated, the pit buffer device 7 and the car bottom buffer device 9 can realize buffering and deceleration without contact, the safety of personnel in the car 1 can be protected to a large extent, and when the car 1 in high-speed falling is in rigid contact and buffering and deceleration, the buffer device collides with the car 1, so that secondary injury is caused to the personnel in the car 1; when the lift car 1 is in overspeed top-rushing, the lift car 1 in overspeed top-rushing can be gradually buffered and decelerated under the interaction of the top buffer device 8 and the top buffer device 10, and the top buffer device 8 and the top buffer device 10 are buffered and decelerated in an elastic contact buffer mode, because the lift car 1 is in a deceleration process under the action of gravity in the overspeed top-rushing process, the speed of the lift car 1 exceeds a set running speed, if no external intervention is applied, the lift car 1 can not stop when reaching the top of a hoistway, thus the top-rushing accident occurs, while the lift can be stably and reliably stopped by buffering and decelerating in an elastic contact buffer mode in the embodiment because the lift car 1 is under the action of gravity in the ascending process, the maximum running speed of the car 1 when the top buffer 8 and the car top buffer 10 perform the buffer action is the maximum speed of the car 1 in the ascending process, so the maximum speed of the elevator against the top can be set, and the car 1 is in the state of accelerating and falling after the elevator stalls in the descending process, so the speed when the pit buffer 7 and the car bottom buffer 9 perform the buffer action is often faster, and the speed cannot be determined, so the buffer action is required to be determined according to the falling speed of the car 1 when the pit buffer 7 and the car bottom buffer 9 perform the buffer action, so the embodiment sets the pit buffer 7 and the car bottom buffer 9 to perform the buffer deceleration through the non-contact action, and sets the top buffer 8 and the car top buffer 10 to perform the buffer deceleration through the elastic contact action.
In this embodiment, the pit buffer device 7 and the car bottom buffer device 9 achieve buffer deceleration through magnetic field acting force, and the magnetic poles of the pit buffer device 7 are homopolar opposite to the magnetic poles of the car bottom buffer device 9, so that repulsive force is generated during interaction. The pit buffer device 7 comprises a plurality of groups of pit electromagnets 71 which are connected in parallel, and the magnetic poles of all pit electromagnets 71 are arranged in the same direction, so that the magnetic forces of all pit electromagnets 71 are overlapped. The car bottom buffer 9 may be implemented in the same manner as the pit buffer 7, and will not be described in detail herein. In the working process, the pit electromagnet 71 attracts impurities such as scrap iron and dust in a pit of a well under the action of magnetic force, and in order to ensure the magnetic force of the pit buffer device 7, the pit buffer device 7 further comprises a plastic shell 72, the pit electromagnet 71 is arranged in the plastic shell 72, and the plastic shell 72 blocks the impurities from being adsorbed on the surface of the pit electromagnet 71, so that the magnetism of the pit electromagnet 71 is protected from being influenced by external impurities, and the stability of electromagnetic force is ensured. Further, since the impurities in the pit of the hoistway tend to have oiliness, when the pit buffer device 7 works, although the impurities can be blocked by the plastic shell 72, the impurities with oiliness can adhere to the surface of the plastic shell 72 and also affect the magnetism of the pit buffer device 7, in order to solve the problem, the cleaning device is arranged at the periphery of the plastic shell 72 and comprises a cleaning ring 73, a lifting mechanism 74 and a guiding mechanism 75, the cleaning ring 73 is sheathed at the outer side of the plastic shell 72, a brush contacted with the plastic shell 72 is arranged at the inner side of the cleaning ring 73, and the lifting mechanism 74 is connected with the outer side of the cleaning ring 73 to drive the cleaning ring 73 to move up and down along the outer wall of the plastic shell 72 for cleaning; the guide mechanism 75 is provided with at least two groups, the two groups of guide mechanisms 75 are respectively and oppositely arranged on the plastic shell 72, and the guide mechanism 75 is connected with the cleaning ring 73 and is used for guiding the cleaning ring 73 to smoothly move up and down along the outer wall of the plastic shell 72. Still further, in order to collect the impurity cleaned by the cleaning device, a collecting box 76 is arranged below the pit buffer device 7, an impurity inlet 77 communicated with the collecting box 76 is arranged below the cleaning ring 73, the impurity inlet 77 is provided with a check plate 78 which is obliquely arranged, the check plate 78 obliquely extends to the other side of the impurity inlet 77 from one side of the impurity inlet 77, one side of the check plate 78 seals the impurity inlet 77, the other side is separated from the impurity inlet 77 to form a channel communicated with the collecting box 76, the impurity cleaned by the cleaning ring 73 can enter the collecting box 76 through the channel, and the impurity entering the collecting box 76 can not be attracted to the pit any more under the blocking action of the check plate 78.
In this embodiment, the car 1 is provided with a speed sensor for detecting the running speed thereof, the speed sensor is electrically connected with the elevator control system, the detected speed information is transmitted to the elevator control system, and the operation of each buffer device is controlled by the elevator control system. When the elevator car 1 is in a descending state, when the descending speed of the elevator car 1 detected by the speed sensor exceeds a preset running speed, the elevator control system controls the speed limiter to work so as to reduce the speed of the elevator, and if the elevator can reduce the descending speed of the elevator car 1 to the preset running speed at the moment, the elevator runs normally; if the speed limiter still cannot reduce the descending speed of the car 1 to the preset running speed within 0.5s of the signal sent by the elevator control system, the elevator control system sends an electric signal to the pit buffer device 7 and the car bottom buffer device 9 at the moment, so that the pit buffer device 7 and the car bottom buffer device 9 are electrified to work, and electromagnetic force is generated by the pit buffer device 7 and the car bottom buffer device 9, so that the elevator is decelerated and buffered, and the elevator is buffered due to the fact that the pit buffer device 7 and the car bottom buffer device 9 are in betweenIn practical application, the effective distance of the signal transmission of the elevator control system is generally set according to the acting force distance between the pit buffer device 7 and the car bottom buffer device 9, when the car 1 is positioned at a position beyond the effective distance, the elevator control system cannot send working signals to the pit buffer device 7 and the car bottom buffer device 9, and the pit buffer device 7 and the car bottom buffer device 9 are prevented from starting to work without playing an actual deceleration buffer effect; when the car 1 is located at a position within a valid distance, the elevator control system transmits an operation signal to the pit buffer 7 and the car bottom buffer 9, and the traction machine 3 stops operating, so that the resultant force received by the elevator car 1 is f= (m 1 -m 2 ) g, m 1 For the total weight of the car 1, m 2 G is the weight of the counterweight 2 and is the gravitational acceleration; wherein the total weight of the car 1 comprises the net weight of the car 1 itself, the load capacity in the car 1, the weight of the car bottom buffer 9 and the weight of the car top buffer 10, thus m 1 ＞m 2 The resultant force F is always greater than 0. When the pit buffer 7 and the car bottom buffer 9 work, the repulsive force between the pit buffer 7 and the car bottom buffer 9 is equal to the resultant force F of the elevator car 1 before the pit buffer 7 and the car bottom buffer 9 are not started, so that the elevator control system utilizes an empirical formula methodTo control the working current I of the pit buffer 7 and the car bottom buffer 9 1 In the formula->For the permeability in a vacuum,n is the number of turns of the coil, I 1 For working current, +.> 1 The distance between the pit buffer 7 and the car bottom buffer 9 is S is the magnetic path cross-sectional area, so that the resultant force applied to the elevator car 1 is 0 at the moment when the pit buffer 7 and the car bottom buffer 9 are started, and the elevator car 1 is notAccelerating down again, as the elevator continues down, the distance between the pit buffer device 7 and the car bottom buffer device 9 is reduced, the working current of the pit buffer device 7 and the car bottom buffer device 9 is unchanged, the repulsive force generated by the pit buffer device 7 and the car bottom buffer device 9 is gradually increased, the resultant force applied to the car 1 is upward and gradually increased in size, the car 1 is gradually decelerated until the speed of the elevator car 1 is reduced to 0.1m/s, and as the distance between the pit buffer device 7 and the car bottom buffer device 9 is relatively close, the repulsive force generated by the pit buffer device 7 and the car bottom buffer device 9 is relatively large, the deceleration effect is obvious, and F, the effective distance and the working current I are all the same 1 The relation between the two can ensure that the speed of the elevator car 1 can be reduced to 0.1m/s when the elevator car stalls and falls in the movement range; at this time, the elevator control system again uses the empirical formula +.>The working current I of the pit buffer 7 and the car bottom buffer 9 is calculated 2 In the process of reducing the speed of the car 1 from 0.1m/s to 0, the working currents I of the pit buffer 7 and the car bottom buffer 9 are reduced 2 According to the distance between pit buffer 7 and car bottom buffer 9 +.>2, so that the car 1 makes uniform deceleration movement in the process, and the elevator control system makes the elevator control system stop running by the formula +.>；/>The acceleration of the car 1 during this process is calculated>And exercise time->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And then according to the formula->The pit buffer 7 and the car bottom buffer 9 are obtained in the processThe operating current I is dependent on the distance between pit buffer 7 and car bottom buffer 9>The relation of change to make elevator car 1 in the speed reduction buffering in-process, the effect of speed reduction buffering is reliable and mild, can effectively reduce the inside passenger's of car 1 and pause and feel, reduce the passenger and feel at the fear of elevator stall whereabouts in-process, thereby avoid the passenger to produce serious psychological response. In addition, in order to ensure the use safety of the elevator, the elevator also should be tested on the buffer device before leaving the factory so as to verify whether the elevator can be effectively buffer-protected when the condition of stall drop occurs, and the method comprises the following two situations:
1. under the condition that the car 1 is in no-load, the car 1 falls down at the highest floor, and whether the car 1 can be buffered and stopped under the action of the pit buffer device 7 and the car bottom buffer device 9 is tested;
2. under the condition that the car 1 is fully loaded, the car 1 is dropped at the highest floor, and whether the car 1 can be buffered and stopped under the action of the pit buffer device 7 and the car bottom buffer device 9 is tested;
if the test of the two situations can be passed, the elevator can be effectively buffer-protected when the condition of stall drop occurs.
In this embodiment, the top layer buffer device 8 includes a top layer fixing frame 81, a top layer buffer plate 82, a buffer plate releasing mechanism 83 and several groups of buffer spring assemblies 84, the top layer fixing frame 81 is fixedly installed at the top of the hoistway, the top layer buffer plate 82 is disposed below the top layer fixing frame 81 through the buffer spring assemblies 84, several groups of buffer spring assemblies 84 are disposed between the top layer buffer plate 82 and the top layer fixing frame 81, the top layer buffer plate 82 can move elastically up and down relative to the top layer fixing frame 81 through the buffer spring assemblies 84, the buffer plate releasing mechanism 83 is located at one side of the top layer buffer plate 82, the top layer buffer plate 82 can be locked in position through the buffer plate releasing mechanism 83, when the top layer buffer plate 82 moves to the position above the buffer plate releasing mechanism 83, the buffer plate releasing mechanism 83 extends to act, so that the top layer buffer plate 82 can be locked above the top layer buffer plate 82, and the buffer spring assemblies 84 are in a compressed state; and when the buffer plate releasing mechanism 83 is withdrawn, the buffer plate releasing mechanism 83 is separated from the top buffer plate 82, and the top buffer plate 82 moves downward under the elastic force of the buffer spring assembly 84. The buffer plate release mechanism 83 comprises a locking hook 831 rotatably mounted on one side of a hoistway, a return spring 832 with one end abutting against the back of the locking hook 831, and a motor 833 for driving the locking hook 831 to rotate, the other end of the return spring 832 is fixed on one side of the hoistway, the locking hook 831 is provided with a protruding portion 8311 for being matched with the top buffer plate 82, the bottom of the protruding portion 8311 is an inclined surface 8312, the inclined surface 8312 is inclined from bottom to top in a direction close to the inside of the hoistway, and the top of the protruding portion 8311 is a locking plane 8313; therefore, when the top buffer plate 82 is in contact fit with the inclined surface 8312, as the top buffer plate 82 moves upwards, the locking hooks 831 can be guided to rotate in the direction of compressing the return spring 832 until the inclined surface 8312 is separated from the top buffer plate 82, the top buffer plate 82 moves to the upper side of the protruding portion 8311, at this time, the locking hooks 831 are ejected to reset under the action of the elastic force of the return spring 832, the top buffer plate 82 is located above the locking plane 8313, and the protruding portions 8311 of the locking hooks 831 lock the top buffer plate 82 above the locking plane 8313. The gear 85 is installed on the rotating shaft of the motor 833, the locking hook 831 is provided with a rotating portion 8314 which rotates around the rotating portion 8314 during the action, the periphery of the rotating portion 8314 is provided with a transmission tooth 8315 which is used for meshing transmission with the gear 85, the motor 833 and the locking hook 831 are connected with the transmission tooth 8315 of the rotating portion 8314 in a meshing manner through the gear 85, when the motor 833 rotates, the locking hook 831 can be driven to rotate around the rotating portion 8314 through the gear 85, and when the locking hook 831 is separated from the top layer buffer plate 82, the top layer buffer plate 82 can move to the lower portion of the locking hook 831 under the elastic force of the buffer spring assembly 84.
In this embodiment, the car top buffer device 10 includes a car top fixing plate 101 fixed to the top of the car 1 and a car top buffer plate 102 attached to the car top fixing plate 101, and the car top buffer plate 102 is disposed opposite to the top buffer plate 82. When the speed sensor detects that the ascending speed of the lift car 1 exceeds the preset running speed in the ascending process of the lift car 1, the lift control system controls the speed limiter to work so as to reduce the speed of the lift, and if the lift can reduce the ascending speed of the lift car 1 to the preset running speed at the moment, the lift runs normally; if the speed limiter does not act or still cannot reduce the upward speed of the car 1 to the preset running speed after the elevator control system sends a signal within 0.5s of the signal, at this time, the elevator control system sends an electric signal to the top buffer device 8, the buffer plate release mechanism 83 acts, the top buffer plate 82 is released from the locking hook 831 to the lower part of the buffer plate release mechanism 83, the elevator control system controls the traction host 3 to continue to work, under the traction force action of the traction host 3, the car 1 moves upward at a uniform speed until the car 1 moves upward to a position contacting the top buffer plate 82, the elevator control system controls the traction host 3 to stop working, the car 1 decelerates and buffers until the car top fixing plate 101 of the car 1 passes over the protruding part 8311 of the locking hook 831 under the contact action of the top buffer plate 102, and finally stops on the locking plane 8313 of the protruding part 8311.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all technical solutions for achieving the object of the present invention by substantially the same means are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The active safety elevator comprises a car (1), a counterweight (2) and a traction host machine (3), wherein the car (1) moves up and down in an elevator hoistway, the counterweight (2) is located on one side of the car (1), car guide rails (4) are arranged on two sides of the car (1), a head rope end fixing assembly (5) is arranged at the top of the car guide rail (4) on one side, a tail rope end fixing assembly (6) is arranged at the top of the car guide rail (4) on the other side, the traction host machine (3) is arranged above the counterweight (2), the traction host machine (3) and the head rope end fixing assembly (5) are located on the same side of the car (1), and the head rope end fixing assembly (5), the counterweight (2), the traction host machine (3), the car (1) and the tail rope end fixing assembly (6) are connected through ropes in sequence; the method is characterized in that: the bottom and the top of the hoistway are respectively provided with a pit buffer device (7) for preventing the car (1) from falling at stall and a top layer buffer device (8) for preventing the car (1) from overspeed and top-rushing, the bottom and the top of the car (1) are respectively provided with a car bottom buffer device (9) and a car top buffer device (10), the pit buffer device (7) and the car bottom buffer device (9) are oppositely arranged, and the pit buffer device (7) and the car bottom buffer device (9) perform buffer and deceleration through a non-contact effect; the top layer buffer device (8) and the car top buffer device (10) are arranged oppositely, and the top layer buffer device (8) and the car top buffer device (10) perform buffer and deceleration through elastic contact action; the weight of the counterweight (2) is equal to the net weight of the car (1) itself; the pit buffer device (7) and the car bottom buffer device (9) realize buffer speed reduction through magnetic field acting force, and the magnetic poles of the pit buffer device (7) are homopolar opposite to the magnetic poles of the car bottom buffer device (9) and generate repulsive force during interaction;
the elevator car (1) is provided with a speed sensor for detecting the running speed of the elevator car, the speed sensor is in electrical signal connection with the elevator control system, and detected speed information is transmitted to the elevator control system;
when the elevator car (1) is in a descending state, when the descending speed of the elevator car (1) detected by the speed sensor exceeds a preset running speed, the elevator control system controls the speed limiter to work so as to reduce the speed of the elevator, and if the elevator can reduce the descending speed of the elevator car (1) to the preset running speed at the moment, the elevator runs normally;
if the elevator control system sends a signal within 0.5s, the speed limiter does not act or still can not reduce the descending speed of the elevator car (1) to a preset running speed after acting, and at the moment, the elevator control system sends an electric signal to the pit buffer device (7) and the car bottom buffer device (9) to enable the pit buffer device (7) and the car bottom buffer device (9) to be electrified to work, and the pit buffer device (7) and the car bottom buffer device (9) generate electromagnetic force to enable the elevator to be decelerated and buffered;
the effective distance of the elevator control system signal transmission is set according to the acting force distance between the pit buffer device (7) and the car bottom buffer device (9), and when the car (1) is positioned at a position outside the effective distance, the elevator control system does not transmit working signals to the pit buffer device (7) and the car bottom buffer device (9);
the top layer buffer device (8) comprises a top layer fixing frame (81), a top layer buffer plate (82), a buffer plate release mechanism (83) and a plurality of groups of buffer spring assemblies (84), wherein the top layer fixing frame (81) is fixedly arranged at the top of a hoistway, the top layer buffer plate (82) is arranged below the top layer fixing frame (81) through the buffer spring assemblies (84), the groups of buffer spring assemblies (84) are arranged between the top layer buffer plate (82) and the top layer fixing frame (81), the top layer buffer plate (82) can elastically move up and down relative to the top layer fixing frame (81) through the buffer spring assemblies (84), the buffer plate release mechanism (83) is located on one side of the top layer buffer plate (82), the top layer buffer plate (82) can be locked through the buffer plate release mechanism (83), when the top layer buffer plate (82) moves to the upper position of the buffer plate release mechanism (83), the buffer spring assemblies (84) extend out, and the top layer buffer plate (82) can be locked above the buffer plate release mechanism (83) in a compressed state; when the buffer plate release mechanism (83) is withdrawn, the buffer plate release mechanism (83) is separated from the top buffer plate (82), and the top buffer plate (82) moves downwards under the action of the elasticity of the buffer spring assembly (84);
the buffer plate release mechanism (83) comprises a locking hook (831) rotatably arranged on one side of a hoistway, a return spring (832) with one end abutting against the back of the locking hook (831) and a motor (833) for driving the locking hook (831) to rotate, the other end of the return spring (832) is fixed on one side of the hoistway, the locking hook (831) is provided with a protruding part (8311) matched with the top buffer plate (82), the bottom of the protruding part (8311) is an inclined surface (8312), the inclined surface (8312) is inclined from bottom to top in a direction close to the inside of the hoistway, and the top of the protruding part (8311) is a locking plane (8313); the gear (85) is installed to the axis of rotation of motor (833), locking hook (831) are equipped with around its pivoted rotation portion (8314) when acting, the periphery of rotation portion (8314) is equipped with and is used for with gear (85) meshing driven driving tooth (8315), be connected through gear (85) and the meshing of driving tooth (8315) of rotation portion (8314) between motor (833) and the locking hook (831).
2. Active safety elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pit buffer device (7) comprises a plurality of groups of pit electromagnets (71) which are connected in parallel, and magnetic poles of all pit electromagnets (71) are arranged in the same direction.
3. Active safety elevator according to claim 2, characterized in that: the pit buffer device (7) further comprises a plastic shell (72), and the pit electromagnets (71) are all arranged in the plastic shell (72).
4. An active safety elevator according to claim 3, characterized in that: the cleaning device is arranged on the periphery of the plastic shell (72), and comprises a cleaning ring (73), a lifting mechanism (74) and a guide mechanism (75), wherein the cleaning ring (73) is sleeved on the outer side of the plastic shell (72), a hairbrush which is in contact with the plastic shell (72) is arranged on the inner side of the cleaning ring (73), and the lifting mechanism (74) is connected with the outer side of the cleaning ring (73) to drive the cleaning ring (73) to move up and down along the outer wall of the plastic shell (72); the guide mechanisms (75) are at least provided with two groups, the two groups of guide mechanisms (75) are respectively and oppositely arranged on the plastic shell (72), the guide mechanisms (75) are connected with the cleaning ring (73) and are used for guiding the cleaning ring (73) to smoothly move up and down along the outer wall of the plastic shell (72).
5. The active safety elevator of claim 4, wherein: the device comprises a collecting box (76) arranged below a pit buffer device (7), an impurity inlet (77) communicated with the collecting box (76) is arranged below a cleaning ring (73), an inclined check plate (78) is arranged at the impurity inlet (77), the check plate (78) obliquely extends to the other side of the impurity inlet (77) from one side of the impurity inlet (77), one side of the check plate (78) is used for sealing the impurity inlet (77), and the other side is separated from the impurity inlet (77) to form a channel communicated with the collecting box (76).
6. Active safety elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the car top buffer device (10) comprises a car top fixing plate (101) fixed at the top of the car (1) and a car top buffer plate (102) attached to the car top fixing plate (101), wherein the car top buffer plate (102) and the top buffer plate (82) are oppositely arranged.
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| CN202311604836.8A CN117303159B (en) | 2023-11-29 | 2023-11-29 | Active safety elevator |
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| CN202311604836.8A CN117303159B (en) | 2023-11-29 | 2023-11-29 | Active safety elevator |
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| CN117303159A (en) | 2023-12-29 |
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