JP5441283B1 - Elevator braking device - Google Patents

Abstract

There is provided an elevator braking device which enables an elevator car to be stopped without a shock absorber on an upper or lower terminal floor, and eliminates pits to improve a rentable ratio of a building.
An elevator braking apparatus that connects a car and a counterweight with a rope, and drives a sheave of a hoisting machine on which the rope is mounted by an electric motor to raise and lower a car, the upper and lower parts of the hoistway A plurality of coils installed on the inner wall along the vertical direction, a permanent magnet installed on the vertical frame of the car frame so as to face the coils, and each coil inserted in the coil. Opening / closing means for opening / closing a normally closed contact that electrically short-circuits both ends, and state detection means for detecting the state of ascending operation and descending operation of the car.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a rope-type elevator braking device that raises and lowers a car and a counterweight via a sheave connected to a hoisting machine, and more particularly to an elevator braking device in which a coil is provided on a hoistway side and a permanent magnet is provided on a car side. .

  Conventionally, an elevator is forced to decelerate when approaching within a predetermined distance of the elevator floor, and then the car is forcibly stopped by operating a brake that stops the sheave of the hoisting machine. There is provided a forced speed reduction device for preventing a collision with the bottom and top.

  For example, as a forced decelerator, a hoistway is provided for the purpose of providing a terminal forced decelerating device for an elevator capable of detecting the position and traveling speed of a car with high accuracy while simplifying the structure. A plate to be detected is provided near the end of the car, and a proximity sensor is provided at the top of the car. The proximity sensor moves in the vertical direction as the car travels, and detects the position of the car by detecting the detected plate near the end of the hoistway. The overspeed monitoring device calculates the average actual speed Vs of the car from the detection operation time of the proximity sensor and the length of the plate to be detected, and the average actual speed Vs is required to be higher than a preset set speed Vn. There is provided a terminal floor forced deceleration device that forcibly decelerates a car by outputting a deceleration command to the vehicle (see Patent Document 1).

This controls to forcibly decelerate when the speed of the car detected at a predetermined location near the end floor in the hoistway is equal to or higher than a predetermined value.
However, even if the elevator hoisting machine is decelerated by the forced decelerator, if the rope slips once in the groove of the sheave of the hoisting machine, the frictional force will drop, causing a rope slip that stops at a high speed and stops. A shock absorber using a hydraulic cylinder or a spring at the bottom of the hoistway in order to reduce the impact and stop the car because the braking force of the forced decelerator is not guaranteed in the event of a power failure. Is installed.
In addition, in the case of overspeed, the emergency stop device may operate and the elevator may stop. However, when this emergency stop device operates, there is a problem that the elevator cannot be used until the serviceman rushes and recovers. .

  With respect to the shock absorber, for example, when the lifting body collides with the compression spring, it is fixed to the upper or lower portion of the elevator hoistway for the purpose of providing an elevator shock absorber that prevents the lifting body from bouncing away from the compression spring. In an elevator shock absorber that has a compressed spring, and when the lifting body is excessively raised or lowered beyond a normal lifting range, the lifting body is received by the compression spring, and shocks applied to the lifting body are buffered. There is provided an elevator shock absorber provided with a bounce prevention means for holding a lift body that hits a spring and preventing the lift body from rebounding from the compression spring by the repulsive force of the compressed spring (see Patent Document 2).

JP 2007-137554 A JP 2001-270667 A

However, in order to install this shock absorber, a space called a pit is required at the bottom of the hoistway. In addition, a space is required in the pit for workers to enter and exit for maintenance. If this space can be eliminated, the rentable ratio of the building can be improved.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an elevator braking device that enables an elevator car to be stopped without a shock absorber on an upper or lower terminal floor and eliminates a pit and improves a rentable ratio of a building. .

  In order to solve the above problems, an elevator braking device according to the present invention connects a car and a counterweight with a rope, and drives a sheave of a hoisting machine on which the rope is mounted with an electric motor to raise and lower the car. A braking device for an elevator, which is installed on a plurality of upper and lower inner walls of a hoistway along the vertical direction, and on a vertical frame of the car frame so as to face the coil. Opening and closing means for opening and closing a permanent magnet, a normally closed contact for electrically short-circuiting both ends of each coil inserted in the coil, and state detection means for detecting the state of ascending operation and descending operation of the car The number of turns of the plurality of coils installed is greater in the coil installed closer to the upper and lower ends of the hoistway than in the coil installed closer to the vertical center of the hoistway. When the state detecting means detects the state of the descending operation of the car, the opening / closing means opens the normally closed contacts of the plurality of coils installed in the upper part of the hoistway, and the state detecting means is in the state of the ascending operation of the car. When the switch is detected, the opening / closing means opens a plurality of normally closed contacts of the coil installed in the lower part of the hoistway.

  The opening / closing means is operated by electricity supplied also to the electric motor, and when no electricity is supplied to the electric motor, the normally closed contacts of all the coils are closed.

  The permanent magnet is a neodymium magnet.

  The coil core material is supermalloy.

First, the braking force acts directly on the car by the attractive force and the repulsive force acting between the coil installed on the inner wall of the hoistway and the permanent magnet installed on the vertical frame of the car frame. Since it is possible to stop without a shock absorber at the lower end floor, it becomes possible to eliminate pits and improve the rentable ratio of the building.
Second, a plurality of coils are installed, and the number of turns of the plurality of coils installed is closer to the upper end and lower end of the hoistway than to the coil installed closer to the vertical center of the hoistway. Since more coils are used, the impact received by the passenger can be mitigated in order to decelerate in steps and stop the car.
Third, when electricity is not supplied to the hoisting motor, the normally closed contacts of all the coils are closed, so that the hoisting motor becomes unable to control the movement of the car due to a power failure or the like. However, it is possible to stop the car at the terminal floor above or below the hoistway.

It is explanatory drawing of the braking device of the elevator which concerns on this invention in Example 1. FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the permanent magnet installed in the vertical frame of the cage frame of a cage | basket | car.

  Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an elevator braking device according to the present invention in a first embodiment.
The elevator braking device according to the present invention is a rope that connects a car 10 and a counterweight 11 with a rope 12 and drives a sheave of a hoisting machine 13 that mounts the rope 12 with an electric motor 14 to raise and lower the car 10. It is a braking device in a type elevator.
In FIG. 1, 13 is a hoisting machine including a sheave provided in a machine room at the top of the elevator hoistway, 14 is an electric motor for hoisting machine provided in the machine room, and 12 is hung on the hoisting machine 13. The rope 10 is an elevator car attached to one end of the rope 12, 11 is a counterweight, and 15 is an elevator control panel.
The elevator braking device according to the present invention has a structure in which a plurality of coils 21 are installed on the inner walls of the upper and lower hoistways along the vertical direction, and the vertical frame 16 of the car frame of the car 10 is opposed to the coils 21. The permanent magnet 20 installed to open and close, the open / close means that opens and closes the normally closed contact that is inserted into the coil 21 and electrically short-circuits both ends of each coil 21, and the state of the ascending operation and the descending operation of the car 10 It comprises state detecting means for detecting.
A permanent magnet 20 is installed in the vertical frame 16 of the elevator car frame, and a coil 21 having a number of turns sufficient to obtain a sufficient braking force is installed at a certain distance before the uppermost floor and the lowermost floor of the hoistway. As a result, the car 10 can be stopped without colliding with the ceiling on the top floor or the floor on the bottom floor.

In the upper part of the hoistway, a plurality of coils 21 each having a normally closed contact for electrically short-circuiting both end portions of each coil are installed facing the permanent magnets 20 installed on the vertical frame 16 of the car frame.
In addition, a plurality of coils 21 in which normally closed contacts that electrically short-circuit both ends of each coil are inserted are installed in the lower part of the hoistway so as to face the permanent magnet 20 installed in the vertical frame 16 of the car frame. .
And the cage | basket | car 10 is stopped using the attractive force and repulsive force which act between the coil 21 and the permanent magnet 20. FIG.

  The coils 21 installed on the inner wall of the hoistway are loop-shaped, and are not installed on the entire length of the hoisting process, and a plurality of coils 21 are installed on the upper and lower portions of the inner wall of the hoistway. To do. That is, two or more coils 21 are installed on the inner wall at the upper part of the hoistway and two or more coils 21 are installed on the inner wall at the lower part of the hoistway. As the core material of the coil 21, supermalloy or the like can be used.

The number of turns of the plurality of coils 21 installed in the upper and lower portions of the hoistway is not all the same, but is higher than that of the coil 21 installed closer to the vertical center of the hoistway. It is assumed that there are more coils 21 installed closer to the upper end and lower end.
For example, when a total of four coils 21 are installed in the hoistway, two on the inner wall at the upper part of the hoistway and two on the inner wall at the lower part of the hoistway, the coil 21 is installed on the inner wall at the upper part of the hoistway. The number of turns of the second coil 21 from the top is greater than the number of turns of the second coil 21 from the top, and the number of turns of the first coil 21 from the bottom installed on the lower inner wall of the hoistway is greater than the number of turns of the second coil 21 from the bottom. Do more.
That is, when comparing the number of turns among a plurality of coils 21 installed in the upper part of the hoistway, the coil closer to the upper end of the hoistway than the coil 21 installed closer to the central part in the vertical direction of the hoistway There are more coils 21 installed in the same way, and similarly, when the number of turns is compared among the plurality of coils 21 installed in the lower part of the hoistway, the coil 21 is installed closer to the center in the vertical direction of the hoistway. There are more coils 21 installed closer to the lower end of the hoistway than the coils 21.
Thus, by installing a plurality of coils 21 and increasing the number of turns of the coils 21 toward the upper end or the lower end, the car can be decelerated stepwise and stopped. It is possible to reduce the impact received by passengers in the car.

The permanent magnet 20 on the side of the car 10 is attached to the vertical frame 16 of the car frame with a plurality of permanent magnets 20 arranged in parallel in the vertical direction. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the vertical frame 16 of the car frame of this embodiment also has an attachment member 17 for the permanent magnet 20, and the permanent magnet 20 is attached to the attachment member 17.
As the permanent magnet 20, a neodymium magnet or the like can be used.

As shown in FIG. 2, the car frame of the car 10 includes a car frame vertical frame 16, an upper frame 18 of the car frame, and a lower frame 19 of the car frame. The permanent magnet 20 is a car frame of the car 10. The vertical frame 16 is installed. However, the vertical frame 16 of the installed car frame is not limited to one, and may be plural. For example, the vertical frame 16 of the car frame is attached to the left and right when viewed from the door side, but not only the vertical frame 16 of the left car frame or the vertical frame 16 of the right car frame, but also the left and right car frames. It may be installed in the vertical frame 16.
And the coil 21 shall be installed in the inner wall of a hoistway so that the permanent magnet 20 may be opposed according to the installation place of the permanent magnet 20 attached to the vertical frame 16 of a cage | basket | car frame.

  Further, the permanent magnet 20 on the car 10 side is not limited to the case where it is installed so as not to protrude outside the vertical frame 16 of the car frame as shown in FIGS. You may attach so that it may protrude at right angles toward the inner wall of a hoistway. In that case, the coil 21 on the hoistway side is also attached so as to protrude perpendicularly from the inner wall of the hoistway toward the car 10 so as to face the permanent magnet 20.

The state detection means detects the state of the ascending operation and the descending operation of the car 10.
Specifically, for example, the start and end of the control of the ascending operation and the descending operation of the car 10 are detected. Alternatively, it may be determined whether the car 10 is in the ascending operation state, the descending operation state, or the stop state based on the position information of the car 10 and the destination direction input information input by the passenger.
However, in this embodiment, when the state is neither the ascending operation nor the descending operation, the switching means does not open the normally closed contact of any one of the coils 21. Therefore, when there is no destination direction input information by the passenger and the car 10 is in a stopped state, the opening / closing means does not work, so that the normally closed contacts of all the coils 21 are closed.

The opening / closing means opens and closes contacts inserted in the middle of each of the coils 21. The contact is a normally closed contact. In addition, a resistor may be inserted in the middle of each coil 21 in addition to the normally closed contact.
When the state detecting means detects the state of the car descending operation, the opening / closing means opens normally closed contacts of a plurality of coils 21 installed in the upper part of the hoistway, and the state detecting means indicates the state of the car ascending operation. When detected, the opening / closing means opens normally closed contacts of a plurality of coils 21 installed in the lower part of the hoistway.

The opening / closing means is opened / closed by electricity supplied to the hoisting motor 14, and when no electric power is supplied to the hoisting motor 14, the normally closed contacts of all the coils 21 are closed.
In other words, when electricity is not supplied to the hoisting motor 14, the normally closed contacts of all the coils 21 are closed regardless of whether they are in ascending operation or descending operation. A braking force acts directly on the head 10 to prevent a collision with the ceiling or floor.
As the opening / closing means, an electromagnetic contactor, a relay or the like is used. The normally closed contact of the coil 21 is opened, for example, by energizing the exciting coil of the relay, and the exciting coil is operated by electricity supplied to the hoisting motor 14.

The coils act in a direction that maintains the amount of magnetic flux that intersects.
As the magnet approaches the coil, the crossing magnetic flux increases, so in order to reduce the crossing magnetic flux, a reverse magnetic flux is generated (the braking force acts in the direction where the magnet and the coil are repulsive and not close to each other) ).
When the magnet moves away from the coil, the crossing magnetic flux decreases, so in order to increase the crossing magnetic flux, a counter electromotive force is generated to generate the magnetic flux in the same direction (the magnet and the coil are attracted as opposite poles). , Braking force works in a direction not to keep away)
The magnitudes of the attractive force and the repulsive force are proportional to the speed at which the magnetic flux changes (= the speed of the car).

When the rope 12 is cut or the like and the rated speed reaches 1.15 times the rated speed, the emergency stop device operates, and the guide rail gripping device attached to the vertical frame 16 of the car frame grips the guide rail and makes an emergency stop. The speed at the position of the first coil 21 is not more than 1.15 times the rated speed. The role of a braking device such as a shock absorber is to operate at a speed that does not activate the emergency stop device and to stop the car without colliding with the floor of the hoistway.
Therefore, the maximum speed V = 1.15v. Here, v is a rated speed.
Then, the position of the car 10 that has reached the maximum speed V (distance from the floor of the lowest floor) is S, the braking time is T, the acceleration is α, the gravitational acceleration is g, the loading is m, and the suction force is F. .
And is decelerated at a constant acceleration in order to perform a smooth braking, the decelerating at a constant deceleration α from the maximum velocity V shall stop at the lowest floor, V = αT, S = αT 2/2, F = m ( α + g), and S = V ² / 2α and α = V ² / 2S. Therefore, even if the car 10 reaches the maximum speed V at the position S in the hoistway, it can be stopped at the lowest floor. Therefore, the coil 21 having the number of turns such that F = m (V ² / 2S + g) is provided.
When α is constant, the speed decreases linearly and the attractive force is proportional to the speed, so the number of turns of the coil 21 installed at the S / 2 position is twice the number of turns of the coil 21 installed at the S position. To.

For example, if when installed in the lower portion of the inner wall of the hoistway only one rather than the coil 21 by a plurality, V = .alpha.T, since it is S = αT ^2/2, the coil 21 to the position of S from the lowest floor of the floor Is installed, the braking distance becomes S and the vehicle stops on the floor of the lowest floor.
Then, closer to the lowest floor of the floor, if the speed is set up second coil 21 turns is doubled position where the V / 2, the position of S ₁ = αT ^2/8 to T / 2 The speed becomes V / 2.
Thereafter T / 2, the speed becomes zero at the position of S ^₂ = αT _2/8.
Therefore, if the first coil 21 is installed at a position S / 2 from the floor of the lowest floor and the second coil 21 having twice the number of turns is installed at a position of S / 4 from the floor of the lowest floor, braking will occur. Although the time remains T, the braking distance can be halved as S ₁ + S ₂ = S / 2.
Thus, since the stroke can be reduced without increasing α, α can be reduced even in the case of a high-speed elevator with a large V (= αT), which is safe.

If braking cannot be performed with the leading coil 21, the second coil 21 passes through V. In this case, since the number of turns of the second coil 21 is double, the braking force is doubled and the deceleration is 2α.
Accordingly, the braking time = V / 2α = T / 2, and becomes the braking distance ^{= 2α (T / 2) 2} /2 = αT 2/8 = S / 4. Therefore, after passing through the second coil 21, it stops at the bottom floor surface at T / 2. That is, safety is improved by the second coil 21 backing up the function of the leading coil 21.
For example, when v = 1.75 [m / sec], V = 1.15 × 1.75 = 2.0 [m / sec], and α is 1.0 [m / sec] which is the same level as in normal operation. ² ], T = 2.0 [sec] and S = 2 [m].

The effects of this embodiment will be described.
First, the braking force acts directly on the car 10 by the attractive force and the repulsive force acting between the coil 21 installed on the inner wall of the hoistway and the permanent magnet 20 installed on the vertical frame 16 of the car frame. Since it is possible to stop without a shock absorber at the terminal floor above or below the hoistway, it becomes possible to eliminate pits and improve the rentable ratio of the building.
In particular, in the case of high-rise buildings, if the pits are not required, the space can be used as a living room, so the economic effect is great.
In addition, if the lower floor of the hoistway is not the lowest floor of the building and the hoistway is installed on the middle floor of the building, the lower floor of the hoistway is not the basement floor but the floor with the normal living room In particular, there is a great merit of eliminating the need for pits.
Secondly, a plurality of coils 21 are installed, and the number of turns of the plurality of installed coils 21 is closer to the upper end and the lower end of the hoistway than to the coil 21 installed closer to the vertical center of the hoistway. Since there are more coils 21 installed in the direction, the impact received by the passenger can be reduced in order to decelerate in steps and stop the car 10.
Thirdly, when electricity is not supplied to the hoisting motor 14, the normally closed contacts of all the coils 21 are closed, so that the hoisting motor 14 can control the movement of the car 10 due to a power failure or the like. Even when it runs out, it is possible to stop the car at the terminal floor above or below the hoistway.

  As described above, according to the elevator braking device according to the present invention, the permanent magnet 20 is installed in the vertical frame 16 of the car frame and the coil 21 is installed on the inner wall of the hoistway, thereby eliminating the need for a shock absorber. be able to. In other words, instead of installing a shock absorber below the floor surface of the lower terminal floor, in order to improve the rentable ratio of the building, its function is distributed in the elevator hoistway. This is an elevator braking device.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Car 11 Counterweight 12 Rope 13 Hoisting machine 14 Motor for hoisting machine 15 Control panel 16 Car frame vertical frame 17 Mounting member 18 Car frame upper frame 19 Car frame lower frame 20 Permanent magnet 21 Coil

Claims (4)

A brake device for an elevator that connects a car and a counterweight with a rope, and drives a sheave of a hoisting machine that mounts the rope with an electric motor to raise and lower the car,
A plurality of coils installed along the vertical direction on the inner wall of the upper and lower parts of the hoistway,
A permanent magnet installed on the vertical frame of the car frame of the car so as to face the coil;
Opening / closing means for opening / closing a normally closed contact that electrically short-circuits both ends of each coil inserted in the coil;
A state detecting means for detecting the state of ascending operation and descending operation of the car,
The number of windings of the plurality of coils installed is greater in the coil installed closer to the upper end and lower end of the hoistway than the coil installed closer to the center of the hoistway in the vertical direction,
When the state detecting means detects the state of the car descending operation, the opening and closing means opens a plurality of normally closed contacts of the coil installed in the upper part of the hoistway,
The elevator braking device, wherein when the state detecting means detects the state of ascending operation of the car, the opening / closing means opens a plurality of normally closed contacts of the coil installed below the hoistway. The opening / closing means is operated by electricity supplied to the electric motor,
The elevator braking device according to claim 1, wherein when the electricity is not supplied to the electric motor, the normally closed contacts of all the coils are closed. The elevator braking device according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet is a neodymium magnet. The elevator braking device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the coil core material is Supermalloy.

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