CN117297003A - 一种促进中华鲟性腺发育的配合饲料及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种促进中华鲟性腺发育的配合饲料及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117297003A CN117297003A CN202311366892.2A CN202311366892A CN117297003A CN 117297003 A CN117297003 A CN 117297003A CN 202311366892 A CN202311366892 A CN 202311366892A CN 117297003 A CN117297003 A CN 117297003A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- acipenser sinensis
- oil
- compound feed
- vitamin
- soybean
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 241000883303 Acipenser sinensis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000026109 gonad development Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 108010073771 Soybean Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019710 soybean protein Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000019742 Vitamins premix Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000008347 soybean phospholipid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxine Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940083466 soybean lecithin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiamine Natural products CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930003270 Vitamin B Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FAPWYRCQGJNNSJ-UBKPKTQASA-L calcium D-pantothenic acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC([O-])=O.OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC([O-])=O FAPWYRCQGJNNSJ-UBKPKTQASA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- MKJXYGKVIBWPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium lactate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O MKJXYGKVIBWPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001527 calcium lactate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002401 calcium lactate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011086 calcium lactate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002710 gonadal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008160 pyridoxine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011677 pyridoxine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019192 riboflavin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002151 riboflavin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019157 thiamine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiamine Chemical compound CC1=C(CCO)SCN1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011721 thiamine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011720 vitamin B Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940011671 vitamin b6 Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexa-Ac-myo-Inositol Natural products CC(=O)OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC(C)=O SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MJVAVZPDRWSRRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Menadione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C)=CC(=O)C2=C1 MJVAVZPDRWSRRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000367 inositol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N inositol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 20
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 210000002149 gonad Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 235000021120 animal protein Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 6
- 108010064851 Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000021118 plant-derived protein Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- WDPFQABQVGJEBZ-MAKOZQESSA-N Bothermon Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1.O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 WDPFQABQVGJEBZ-MAKOZQESSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 108010082495 Dietary Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N Testostosterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VOXZDWNPVJITMN-ZBRFXRBCSA-N 17β-estradiol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 VOXZDWNPVJITMN-ZBRFXRBCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myristic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N arachidonic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960005309 estradiol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229930182833 estradiol Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000003163 gonadal steroid hormone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000287 oocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006408 female gonad development Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N palmitoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001007 puffing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001550 testis Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960003604 testosterone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BITHHVVYSMSWAG-KTKRTIGZSA-N (11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O BITHHVVYSMSWAG-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWJNQYPJQDRXPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanobenzohydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C#N TWJNQYPJQDRXPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002900 Arthrospira platensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016425 Arthrospira platensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000003416 Asparagus officinalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005340 Asparagus officinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000018997 Growth Hormone Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010051696 Growth Hormone Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000442132 Lactarius lactarius Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000002720 Malnutrition Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021360 Myristic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021319 Palmitoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000269821 Scombridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238371 Sepiidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000276699 Seriola Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000276707 Tilapia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930003448 Vitamin K Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 108010090932 Vitellogenins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940114079 arachidonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000021342 arachidonic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-palmitoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940108623 eicosenoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BITHHVVYSMSWAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N eicosenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O BITHHVVYSMSWAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000122 growth hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020640 mackerel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001071 malnutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000000824 malnutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015380 nutritional deficiency disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NEGYEDYHPHMHGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-methoxyamphetamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(CC(C)N)C=C1 NEGYEDYHPHMHGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N phylloquinone Natural products CC(C)CCCCC(C)CCC(C)CCCC(=CCC1=C(C)C(=O)c2ccccc2C1=O)C SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940082787 spirulina Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019168 vitamin K Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011712 vitamin K Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003721 vitamin K derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940046010 vitamin k Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001325 yolk sac Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种促进中华鲟性腺发育的配合饲料及制备方法,按重量百分比包括鱼粉20‑40%,棉籽浓缩蛋白10‑25%,大豆浓缩蛋白10‑25%,面粉14‑18%,精炼鱼油3‑5%,一级豆油1‑3%,大豆磷脂油0.5‑1.5%,腐植酸钠0.5‑1.5%,磷酸二氢钙0.1‑1.0%,氯化钠0.1‑0.3%,氯化胆碱0.2‑0.6%,维生素预混料0.5‑1.5%,矿物质预混料0.5‑1.5%,稻壳粉1‑10%,DHA藻油2‑4%。确定了中华鲟生长和性腺发育的最适蛋白水平为48%,并利用棉籽浓缩蛋白和大豆浓缩蛋白替代20%鱼粉和14%鸡肉粉,并添加DHA藻油,在不影响中华鲟生长性能前提下,可进一步促进中华鲟性腺的发育。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于珍稀特有鱼类人工养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种促进中华鲟性腺发育的配合饲料及制备方法。
背景技术
中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)作为国家一级重点保护野生动物,目前处于极度濒危状态,物种延续面临严峻挑战。《2019年中华鲟人工养殖群体普查及自然群体资源调查报告》显示:我国现有人工养殖野生和子一代中华鲟仅存3324尾。对近1550尾雌鱼健康进行调研发现,中华鲟体型消瘦,卵巢发育质量差、成熟率(Ⅱ期以上)仅为2.45%。而目前人工养殖的中华鲟近成熟群体体型偏小,性腺发育迟缓、停滞在Ⅱ期,表型出营养不良症状,严重制约以人工增殖放流达到自然种群恢复进程。因此,解决中华鲟性腺发育迟缓、停滞的问题已成为挽救这一宝贵生物资源的当务之急。
近年来,科研人员对中华鲟生殖过程中生理变化和分子变化做了大量研究。中华鲟血清中卵黄蛋白原含量随着年龄增加而增加(张艳珍等,2008),曹宏(2009)研究了中华鲟生长激素和促性腺激素的cDNA序列及其表达特征。危起伟(2013)研究表明自然变温或恒温环境对中华鲟性腺发育影响不大,而投喂鲜活鱼或冰鲜鱼能促进中华鲟性腺发育,这给中华鲟性腺发育研究指明了研究方向,就是营养调控。
CN101836611B公开了一种中华鲟子一代亲鱼性腺发育调控方法,其在中华鲟亲鱼发育的III期和IV期初的水流速度,并在整个养殖过程中投喂冰鲜鱼块来实现性腺发育成熟。CN105707520B公开了一种促进养殖中华鲟亲鱼发育的饲料及制作方法及应用,其利用白鱼粉、多春鱼、蓝点马鲛鱼的鱼头、中国枪乌贼、螺旋藻、豆粕粉、一级面粉、明胶、植物油制备得到了一种饲料,可促进雌鱼和雌鱼的高龄养殖中华鲟鱼体物质积累,促进性腺发育。但是其主要都是在养殖过程中或饲料中添加动物性原料,来促进中华鲟性腺的发育,而并未形成商业化的配合饲料。
蛋白质作为鱼类的主要供能物质,在卵黄发生及卵黄在卵母细胞中的组成中起关键作用,不同蛋白质水平对亲鱼性腺发育、亲鱼繁殖力、卵子质量和后代成活率有着显著影响。罗非鱼摄食10%蛋白饲料导致卵母细胞后期阶段的蛋白质含量较低,这与卵母细胞成熟所需的蛋白质供应不足。高体鰤日粮蛋白质含量从51%增加到56%,使得卵细胞蛋白质含量增加,卵黄囊体积增大。特别是对中华鲟II期卵巢与Ⅲ期的卵巢、Ⅳ期的卵粒和发育成熟的卵粒中的蛋白含量对比发现,性腺或卵粒中的蛋白质含量随着发育进程的推进而逐渐增加,表明蛋白质在中华鲟性腺发育过程中起到了关键作用。因此,有必要开展配合饲料中蛋白水平对中华鲟性腺发育的研究。
中华鲟为底栖鱼类,主要以一些小型的或行动迟缓的底栖动物为食,包括虾蟹、鱼类、软体动物和水生昆虫等,属于以动物性食物为主的杂食性鱼类。由于鱼粉和动物性蛋白原料价格的昂贵、资源的短缺、严重依赖进口等因素,而植物性蛋白源具有成本低、容易获得、可持续供给等优点,因此目前在养殖水产动物的配合饲料中植物蛋白替代动物蛋白已经成为普遍共识。鉴于中华鲟对动物性蛋白源的需求很高,中华鲟的配合饲料中动物性蛋白源(鱼粉)添加比例较高,造成了饲料成本和养殖成本高,那么是否能够在保证促进中华鲟生长性能和性腺发育的效果不变的前提下,用植物性蛋白源替代部分动物性蛋白源,起到节本增效的作用,已经成为中华鲟养殖过程中急需解决的问题。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题,本发明提供一种促进中华鲟性腺发育的配合饲料及制备方法,探究出了中华鲟最适生长蛋白水平,并在不影响中华鲟生长性能的前提下,降低了鱼粉使用量从而降低了饲料成本,添加了DHA藻油,促进了子二代中华鲟性腺的发育。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供一种促进中华鲟性腺发育的配合饲料,包括下述重量百分比组分:鱼粉20-40%,棉籽浓缩蛋白10-25%,大豆浓缩蛋白10-25%,面粉14-18%,精炼鱼油3-5%,一级豆油1-3%,大豆磷脂油0.5-1.5%,腐植酸钠0.5-1.5%,磷酸二氢钙0.1-1.0%,氯化钠0.1-0.3%,氯化胆碱0.2-0.6%,维生素预混料0.5-1.5%,矿物质预混料0.5-1.5%,稻壳粉1-10%,DHA藻油2-4%。
优选的,所述维生素预混料,每千克中含有维生素A 17600IU、维生素D34000IU、维生素E 250IU、维生素K3 0.03g、烟酸0.25g、核黄素0.05g、吡哆醇0.03g、硫胺素0.022g、D-泛酸钙18g、生物素0.05g、叶酸0.02g、维生素B12 0.12g、抗坏血酸6.5g、肌醇0.75g、余量为玉米蛋白粉。
优选的,所述矿物质预混料,每千克中含有MgSO4·7H2O 4.1g、Na2SO4 6.3g、K2SO45.65g、CaCl2·2H2O 3.2g、FeSO4 0.7g、乳酸钙1g、ZnSO4·7H2O 0.10g、MnSO4·4H2O 0.05g、CuSO4·5H2O 0.1g、CoSO4 0.3g、KI 0.02g、余量为沸石粉。
本发明还提供一种促进中华鲟性腺发育的配合饲料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)称取各固体组分,粉碎混匀后得到混合物料;
(2)将混合物料超微粉碎后加入精炼鱼油、一级豆油、大豆磷脂油和DHA藻油,再用水蒸气调质;
(3)将调质后的物料制粒,得到饲料颗粒;
(4)在90℃下将饲料颗粒干燥,冷却后过筛,得到配合饲料。
优选的,步骤(2)所述的超微粉碎后的物料粒径为90-100μm。
优选的,步骤(2)的调质温度为110-120℃,调质时间为4-6min。
优选的,步骤(3)所述的制粒温度为90-100℃。
优选的,(4)所述的配合饲料的含水量为9%-10%,粒径为11mm-13mm。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1、针对人工养殖中华鲟性腺发育迟缓的问题,开发了一种促进中华鲟性腺发育的配合饲料及制备方法,该配合饲料可以降低鱼粉的使用,进而降低饲料成本,其中棉籽浓缩蛋白和大豆浓缩蛋白等比例混合有效替代20%鱼粉和14%鸡肉粉,在不影响中华鲟生长性能前提下,提高血清雌二醇和睾酮的含量、卵巢和精巢的宽度和厚度,更能促进中华鲟卵巢和精巢的发育。
2、在配合饲料中添加DHA藻油,使配合饲料中的DHA/EPA的比值达到5.2,用其对子二代中华鲟进行投喂,在不显著影响中华鲟的生长性能的前提下,进一步促进子二代中华鲟性腺的发育。
附图说明
图1为实施例4中不同DHA/EPA比例对中华鲟性腺宽度和厚度的影响柱状图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步解释说明,值得注意的是,下述实施例仅为本发明的优选实施例,而不应理解为对本发明的限制,本发明的保护范围应以权利要求记载的内容为准。本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动而对本发明的技术方案做出的修改、替换均落入到本发明的保护范围之内。
棉籽浓缩蛋白购买于新疆诚润金兰生物科技有限公司;
鱼粉、鸡肉粉、精炼鱼油、DHA藻油、大豆磷脂油、大豆浓缩蛋白、矿物质预混物和维生素预混物均购买于天门海大饲料有限公司;
其他未注明生产厂商的试剂,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
维生素预混物,每千克中含有维生素A 17600IU、维生素D3 4000IU、维生素E250IU、维生素K3 0.03g、烟酸0.25g、核黄素0.05g、吡哆醇0.03g、硫胺素0.022g、D-泛酸钙18g、生物素0.05g、叶酸0.02g、维生素B12 0.12g、抗坏血酸6.5g、肌醇0.75g、余量为玉米蛋白粉。
矿物质预混物,每千克中含有MgSO4·7H2O 4.1g、Na2SO4 6.3g、K2SO4 5.65g、CaCl2·2H2O 3.2g、FeSO4 0.7g、乳酸钙1g、ZnSO4·7H2O 0.10g、MnSO4·4H2O 0.05g、CuSO4·5H2O 0.1g、CoSO4 0.3g、KI 0.02g、余量为沸石粉。
实施例1不同蛋白质水平的中华鲟配合饲料的制备
以鱼粉和鸡肉粉作为蛋白源,来制备42%、48%和54%蛋白质水平的配合饲料(组1-3),具体步骤如下:
(1)按比例准确称取各种固体组分,将颗粒较大的组分进行初次粉碎,然后通过混合机混合搅拌均匀,混合顺序遵循小料逐级扩大原则,得到混合物料;
(2)将混合物料进行超微粉碎至90-100μm粒径,加入精炼鱼油、一级豆油和大豆磷脂油,然后用水蒸气调质5min,期间保持物料及空间温度为115℃;
(3)将调质后的物料加入挤压膨化制粒机,在95℃下制粒得到饲料颗粒;
(4)将饲料颗粒置于85℃进行低温干燥,使水分保持在10%以下,冷却至室温后过筛去粉,得到沉水膨化颗粒饲料,其中各组配合饲料的组分、用量见表1,营养成分见表2。
表1配合饲料的组成及用量(重量百分数,%)
注:上表中氯化胆碱采用的是含量为60%的氯化胆碱。
表2各组配合饲料的营养成分(%)
组分 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
水分 | 9.03 | 9.27 | 9.14 |
粗灰分 | 11.03 | 11.17 | 11.23 |
粗蛋白 | 42.51 | 48.22 | 54.34 |
粗脂肪 | 11.73 | 11.66 | 11.59 |
实施例2不同蛋白质水平配合饲料对中华鲟生长性能和性腺发育的影响
选取2011年繁殖的子二代中华鲟为研究对象,分别投喂组1-3饲料,进行16个月的养殖试验。每天投喂1次,投喂时间为9:00,投喂量为0.1-0.3%(%为每日投喂量占实验鱼体重的比例),试验期间水温为12-28.8℃,溶氧>6.0mg/L,氨氮<0.1mg/L。实验结束后,所有实验鱼饥饿24h,进行称重、形体指标测量(表3)、B超检查确定中华鲟性腺宽度和厚度(表4),然后取血检测中华鲟血清中性激素的含量(表5),其中中华鲟B超检查技术参照中国发明专利CN101836612A公布的中华鲟亲鱼B超性腺鉴别方法。
表3不同蛋白质水平配合饲料对中华鲟生长性能的影响
组 | 体长(cm) | 胸围(cm) | 体重(kg) | 增重率(%) | 肥满度 |
1 | 176.30±2.44 | 83.50±1.44a | 54.58±2.63a | 36.15±6.56a | 0.98±0.02a |
2 | 180.55±2.04 | 92.25±0.81c | 66.29±1.87b | 65.35±4.67b | 1.13±0.02b |
3 | 181.25±2.44 | 88.25±1.59b | 63.94±2.81b | 59.49±7.01b | 1.07±0.03b |
表中的数字用平均数±标准误表示;表中同一列中,不同小写字母表示组间具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。
表4不同蛋白质水平配合饲料对中华鲟性腺宽度和厚度的影响
表中的数字用平均数±标准误表示;表中同一列中,不同小写字母表示组间具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。
表5不同蛋白质水平配合饲料对中华鲟血清性激素的影响
组 | 雌二醇(pg/mL) | 睾酮(mmol/L) |
1 | 12.32±1.53a | 0.52±0.12a |
2 | 28.54±4.56c | 0.63±0.18b |
3 | 17.80±3.30b | 0.48±0.15a |
表中的数字用平均数±标准误表示;表中同一列中,不同小写字母表示组间具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。
表3数据表明,不同蛋白水平配合饲料对中华鲟生长性能存在较大的影响,具体如下:与组1(42%)相比,组2(48%)和组3(54%)能显著提高中华鲟胸围、体重、增重率和肥满度(p<0.05),并且组2中华鲟胸围显著高于组3(p<0.05),而体重、增重率和肥满度略高于组3。
从B超体检结果(表4)来看,组2中华鲟卵巢和精巢的宽度和厚度均显著高于组1和组3(p<0.05),而组1和组3却没有显著差异(p>0.05)。进一步,对中华鲟血清雌二醇和睾酮激素分析(表5),发现组2中华鲟血清雌二醇和睾酮含量显著高于组1(p<0.05),然而过高的蛋白水平组3会降低血清雌二醇含量(p<0.05)。
综上所述,组2中配制的蛋白水平在48%时的配合饲料不仅能显著提高中华鲟的生长性能,同时也提高血清雌二醇和睾酮水平,促进中华鲟性腺的发育。
实施例3植物蛋白替代动物性蛋白对中华鲟生长性能和性腺发育的影响
由上述实施例2可以看出,最适宜投喂中华鲟配合饲料的蛋白水平为48%,配方中鱼粉含量为50%,鸡肉粉为14%。利用植物蛋白棉籽浓缩蛋白、大豆浓缩蛋白、棉籽浓缩蛋白和大豆浓缩蛋白混合(等质量1:1)三种方式分别替换24%、34%和44%的动物性蛋白源,并制备得到配合饲料,进行子二代中华鲟的投喂,投喂方法同实施例2,替换的组合方式见表6,投喂后2011年子二代中华鲟的生长性能见表7,性腺宽度和厚度的影响见表8。
表6植物蛋白替代动物性蛋白的组合方式
组 | 鱼粉 | 鸡肉粉 | 棉籽浓缩蛋白 | 大豆浓缩蛋白 |
2 | 50% | 14% | - | - |
4 | 40% | - | 24% | - |
5 | 30% | - | 34% | - |
6 | 20% | - | 44% | - |
7 | 40% | - | - | 24% |
8 | 30% | - | - | 34% |
9 | 20% | - | - | 44% |
10 | 40% | - | 12% | 12% |
11 | 30% | - | 17% | 17% |
12 | 20% | - | 22% | 22% |
注:其他原料组分及用量同表1中的组2。
表7植物蛋白替代动物性蛋白对中华鲟生长性能的影响
表中的数字用平均数±标准误表示;表中同一列中,不同小写字母表示组间具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。
表8植物蛋白替代34%动物性蛋白对中华鲟性腺宽度和厚度的影响
表中的数字用平均数±标准误表示;表中同一列中,不同小写字母表示组间具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。
表9植物蛋白替代34%动物性蛋白对中华鲟血清性激素的影响
组 | 雌二醇(pg/mL) | 睾酮(mmol/L) |
5 | 24.54±4.20a | 0.76±0.23a |
8 | 26.80±2.45a | 0.65±0.14a |
11 | 34.65±3.14b | 1.32±0.22b |
表中的数字用平均数±标准误表示;表中同一列中,不同小写字母表示组间具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。
表7数据表明,棉籽浓缩蛋白、大豆浓缩蛋白及等比例混合替代对中华鲟生长性能存在较大的影响,与组2相比,植物蛋白替代组6、组9和组12显著降低中华鲟胸围、体重、增重率和肥满度(p<0.05),而组4、组5、组7、组8、组10和组11却无显著差异显(p>0.05),因此,在本试验条件下,使用棉籽浓缩蛋白、大豆浓缩蛋白及等比例混合可以有效替代20%鱼粉和14%鸡肉粉,而对中华鲟生长性能无明显影响。进一步,对替代20%鱼粉和14%鸡肉粉的组5、组8和组11中华鲟进行B超和血液性激素分析,表8和表9的结果表明,组11中华鲟卵巢和精巢的宽度和厚度、血清雌二醇和睾酮含量均显著高于组5和组8(p<0.05),而组5和组8却没有显著差异(p>0.05)。综上所述,在组2的基础上,棉籽浓缩蛋白和大豆浓缩蛋白等比例混合可以有效替代20%鱼粉和14%鸡肉粉,而对中华鲟的生长性能和性腺发育无明显影响。
综上所述,可以利用棉籽浓缩蛋白和/或大豆浓缩蛋白来替代20%鱼粉和14%鸡肉粉,在降低饲料成本的同时,不影响中华鲟生长性能和性腺发育;其中将棉籽浓缩蛋白和大豆浓缩蛋白等比例混合后的替代效果优于单一的替代效果。
实施例4DHA对中华鲟卵巢发育的影响
结合实施例2和实施例3确定的配合饲料的配方,以蛋白水平为48%的配合饲料作为基础饲料,并在其中搭配DHA藻油调配DHA/EPA,使其分别1.5、3.0和5.2,探究DHA对中华鲟卵巢发育的影响,配合饲料的配方见表10,脂肪酸组成分析见表11,其中DHA/EPA为1.5的组即为实施例3中的组11。
表10配合饲料的配方
注:上表中氯化胆碱采用的是含量为60%的氯化胆碱。
表11配合饲料的脂肪酸组成分析
DHA/EPA | 1.5 | 3.0 | 5.2 |
肉豆蔻酸C14:0 | 3.30 | 3.13 | 2.77 |
棕榈酸C16:0 | 14.33 | 15.87 | 16.58 |
棕榈油酸C16:1 | 3.76 | 3.07 | 2.34 |
硬脂酸C18:0 | 3.91 | 3.58 | 3.15 |
油酸C18:1 | 20.06 | 16.73 | 14.48 |
亚油酸C18:2 | 25.72 | 25.30 | 24.33 |
亚麻酸C18:3 | 3.24 | 3.41 | 3.18 |
二十碳烯酸C20:1 | 3.09 | 1.66 | 0.90 |
花生四烯酸C20:4 | 0.45 | 0.50 | 0.55 |
二十二碳一烯酸C22:1 | 3.27 | 1.85 | 0.90 |
EPA C20:5 | 5.21 | 4.63 | 3.74 |
DHA C22:6 | 7.54 | 13.59 | 19.42 |
EPA+DHA | 12.75 | 18.22 | 23.16 |
n-3PUHA | 15.99 | 21.63 | 26.34 |
n-6PUHA | 26.17 | 25.80 | 24.88 |
合计 | 42.16 | 47.43 | 51.22 |
DHA/EPA | 1.45 | 2.94 | 5.19 |
利用表10中三个DHA/EPA水平的配合饲料进行2011年子二代中华鲟的投喂,投喂方法同实施例2,投喂9个月后将所有实验鱼饥饿24h,进行称重、形体指标测量(表12)、B超检查确定中华鲟性腺宽度和厚度(图1)。
表12不同DHA/EPA比例中华鲟生长性能指标
DHA/EPA | 体长(cm) | 胸围(cm) | 体重(kg) | 增重率(%) | 肥满度 |
1.5 | 181.25±2.44b | 88.25±1.59 | 63.94±2.81 | 59.49±7.01 | 1.07±0.03a |
3.0 | 178.71±1.43b | 85.35±0.82 | 61.18±1.31 | 56.62±3.26 | 1.07±0.02a |
5.2 | 171.92±2.10a | 86.92±1.61 | 60.19±2.81 | 50.15±7.01 | 1.17±0.02b |
表中的数字用平均数±标准误表示;表中同一列中,不同小写字母表示组间具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。
结果显示,随着配合饲料中DHA/EPA的比值逐渐增加,中华鲟的体重、胸围和增重率均未发生显著变化(P>0.05)(表12)。但是经B超检测结果显示,当配合饲料中DHA/EPA的比值为5.2时,能够显著增加子二代中华鲟性腺的宽度和厚度(图1),表明在配合饲料中添加一定量的DHA藻油可以促进中华鲟性腺的发育。
Claims (8)
1.一种促进中华鲟性腺发育的配合饲料,其特征在于:包括下述重量百分数组分:鱼粉20-40%,棉籽浓缩蛋白10-25%,大豆浓缩蛋白10-25%,面粉14-18%,精炼鱼油3-5%,一级豆油1-3%,大豆磷脂油0.5-1.5%,腐植酸钠0.5-1.5%,磷酸二氢钙0.1-1.0%,氯化钠0.1-0.3%,氯化胆碱0.2-0.6%,维生素预混料0.5-1.5%,矿物质预混料0.5-1.5%,稻壳粉1-10%,DHA藻油2-4%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种促进中华鲟性腺发育的配合饲料,其特征在于:所述维生素预混料,每千克中含有维生素A 17600IU、维生素D3 4000IU、维生素E 250IU、维生素K30.03g、烟酸0.25g、核黄素0.05g、吡哆醇0.03g、硫胺素0.022g、D-泛酸钙18g、生物素0.05g、叶酸0.02g、维生素B12 0.12g、抗坏血酸6.5g、肌醇0.75g、余量为玉米蛋白粉。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种促进中华鲟性腺发育的配合饲料,其特征在于:所述矿物质预混料,每千克中含有MgSO4·7H2O 4.1g、Na2SO4 6.3g、K2SO4 5.65g、CaCl2·2H2O 3.2g、FeSO4 0.7g、乳酸钙1g、ZnSO4·7H2O 0.10g、MnSO4·4H2O 0.05g、CuSO4·5H2O 0.1g、CoSO40.3g、KI 0.02g、余量为沸石粉。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任一项所述的促进中华鲟性腺发育的配合饲料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)称取各固体组分,粉碎混匀后得到混合物料;
(2)将混合物料超微粉碎后加入精炼鱼油、一级豆油、大豆磷脂油和DHA藻油,再用水蒸气调质;
(3)将调质后的物料制粒,得到饲料颗粒;
(4)在90℃下将饲料颗粒干燥,冷却后过筛,得到配合饲料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述的超微粉碎后的物料粒径为90-100μm。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)的调质温度为110-120℃,调质时间为4-6min。
7.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)所述的制粒温度为90-100℃。
8.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:(4)所述的配合饲料的含水量为9%-10%,粒径为11mm-13mm。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202311366892.2A CN117297003A (zh) | 2023-10-20 | 2023-10-20 | 一种促进中华鲟性腺发育的配合饲料及制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202311366892.2A CN117297003A (zh) | 2023-10-20 | 2023-10-20 | 一种促进中华鲟性腺发育的配合饲料及制备方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN117297003A true CN117297003A (zh) | 2023-12-29 |
Family
ID=89288271
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202311366892.2A Pending CN117297003A (zh) | 2023-10-20 | 2023-10-20 | 一种促进中华鲟性腺发育的配合饲料及制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN117297003A (zh) |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103349157A (zh) * | 2013-06-22 | 2013-10-16 | 福建省农业科学院中心实验室 | 鲟鱼雌亲鱼配合饲料 |
CN104171691A (zh) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-12-03 | 中国农业科学院饲料研究所 | 一种鲟鱼亲鱼饲料 |
CN104187111A (zh) * | 2014-08-24 | 2014-12-10 | 四川省农业科学院水产研究所 | 达氏鲟后备亲鱼饲料 |
CN104187105A (zh) * | 2014-08-20 | 2014-12-10 | 四川省农业科学院水产研究所 | 达氏鲟产后亲鱼饲料 |
CN107183415A (zh) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-09-22 | 华中农业大学 | 一种中华鲟亲鱼性腺发育的人工配合饲料及制备方法和应用 |
CN110353094A (zh) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-10-22 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | 一种鲟鱼低鱼粉饲料及其制备方法 |
CN115363144A (zh) * | 2022-09-08 | 2022-11-22 | 福建农林大学 | 一种以棉籽浓缩蛋白部分替代鱼粉的低磷大黄鱼饲料及其制备方法 |
CN115399412A (zh) * | 2022-09-08 | 2022-11-29 | 福建农林大学 | 一种以大豆浓缩蛋白部分替代鱼粉的低磷大黄鱼饲料及其制备方法 |
CN115886153A (zh) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-04-04 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司中华鲟研究所 | 一种圆口铜鱼幼鱼的配合饲料,制备方法以及饲养方法 |
-
2023
- 2023-10-20 CN CN202311366892.2A patent/CN117297003A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103349157A (zh) * | 2013-06-22 | 2013-10-16 | 福建省农业科学院中心实验室 | 鲟鱼雌亲鱼配合饲料 |
CN104171691A (zh) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-12-03 | 中国农业科学院饲料研究所 | 一种鲟鱼亲鱼饲料 |
CN104187105A (zh) * | 2014-08-20 | 2014-12-10 | 四川省农业科学院水产研究所 | 达氏鲟产后亲鱼饲料 |
CN104187111A (zh) * | 2014-08-24 | 2014-12-10 | 四川省农业科学院水产研究所 | 达氏鲟后备亲鱼饲料 |
CN107183415A (zh) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-09-22 | 华中农业大学 | 一种中华鲟亲鱼性腺发育的人工配合饲料及制备方法和应用 |
CN110353094A (zh) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-10-22 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | 一种鲟鱼低鱼粉饲料及其制备方法 |
CN115363144A (zh) * | 2022-09-08 | 2022-11-22 | 福建农林大学 | 一种以棉籽浓缩蛋白部分替代鱼粉的低磷大黄鱼饲料及其制备方法 |
CN115399412A (zh) * | 2022-09-08 | 2022-11-29 | 福建农林大学 | 一种以大豆浓缩蛋白部分替代鱼粉的低磷大黄鱼饲料及其制备方法 |
CN115886153A (zh) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-04-04 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司中华鲟研究所 | 一种圆口铜鱼幼鱼的配合饲料,制备方法以及饲养方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
GANGADHAR BARLAYA, 等: "Nutrient Digestibility and Digestive Enzyme Activity in Fringe Lipped Carp, Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch, 1795), Fed Diets Containing Cottonseed Meal", ASIAN FISHERIES SCIENCE, no. 34, 17 September 2021 (2021-09-17), pages 253 - 260 * |
NESRIN EMRE, 等: "Growth Performance, Body Composition, Haematological and Serum Parameters to Fish Meal Replacement by Soybean Meal and Cottonseed Meal in Russian Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)", JOURNAL OF LIMNOLOGY AND FRESHWATER FISHERIES RESEARCH, vol. 4, no. 3, 27 December 2018 (2018-12-27), pages 169 - 176 * |
刘伟;文华;蒋明;吴凡;赵宇江;高攀;石莹;: "大豆浓缩蛋白对中华鲟幼鱼生长、血脂和体成分的影响研究", 淡水渔业, no. 04, 15 July 2010 (2010-07-15), pages 27 - 32 * |
吴莉芳;秦贵信;张东鸣;王洪鹤;孙泽威;孙玲;: "饲料大豆蛋白对鲤鱼生长及肌肉营养成分的影响", 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), no. 10, 10 October 2008 (2008-10-10), pages 67 - 73 * |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN101984848B (zh) | 罗非鱼越冬饲料 | |
CN107114601A (zh) | 一种加州鲈鱼苗无淀粉开口配合饲料 | |
CN101049130A (zh) | 草鱼育种饲料及制备方法 | |
CN103689289B (zh) | 一种泥鳅微黏合饲料及其制备方法 | |
CN108077594A (zh) | 一种用于提高免疫力的红螯螯虾配合饲料及其制备方法 | |
CN111513186B (zh) | 一种改善石斑鱼肌肉品质的饲料及其制备方法 | |
CN104489245A (zh) | 一种大口黑鲈专用配合饲料及其制备方法 | |
CN110012966A (zh) | 一种能提高加州鲈鱼生长免疫的配合饲料及其制备方法 | |
CN105707511A (zh) | 一种补充生物活性肽的无鱼粉南美白对虾配合饲料 | |
Mukhopadhyay et al. | Applied nutrition in freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, culture | |
CN106509500A (zh) | 一种鲤鱼幼鱼配合饲料及其制备方法 | |
CN109601769A (zh) | 一种史氏鲟亲鱼沉性膨化配合饲料 | |
Ji et al. | Dietary utility of enzyme-treated fish meal for juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis | |
CN113383874A (zh) | 一种用于养殖加州鲈的功能饲料及其养殖方法 | |
CN104273398A (zh) | 斑节对虾养殖前期配合饲料 | |
CN104286578A (zh) | 斑节对虾养殖中期配合饲料 | |
RU2650398C1 (ru) | Корм для кормления малька африканского сома | |
CN117297003A (zh) | 一种促进中华鲟性腺发育的配合饲料及制备方法 | |
CN114376116A (zh) | 黄颡鱼低锰饲料及其制备方法 | |
EP3685676B1 (en) | Zero-starch and binder-free starter compound feed for fish, and preparation method thereof | |
CN112155137A (zh) | 一种马苏大麻哈鱼幼鱼饲料及其制备方法 | |
CN109907184A (zh) | 一种降低鱼粉使用的对虾复合饲料及其制备方法 | |
CN109619272A (zh) | 一种促进大黄鱼稚鱼肠道发育和酶活力的复合饲料添加剂 | |
Aliu et al. | EFFECT OF DIETARY METHIONINE ON GROWTH AND UTILIZATION OF CLARIAS GARIEPENIUS FINGERLINGS | |
CN107484925A (zh) | 一种改善生鱼体色和肝脏健康的成鱼配合饲料 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |