CN117296536A - Water-soluble special fertilizer for protected cucumber and recommended application method thereof - Google Patents
Water-soluble special fertilizer for protected cucumber and recommended application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117296536A CN117296536A CN202311342890.XA CN202311342890A CN117296536A CN 117296536 A CN117296536 A CN 117296536A CN 202311342890 A CN202311342890 A CN 202311342890A CN 117296536 A CN117296536 A CN 117296536A
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 378
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 290
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 244000299906 Cucumis sativus var. sativus Species 0.000 title 1
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 300
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 claims description 129
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 129
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 129
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 52
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 11
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000009849 Cucumis sativus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- JVXHQHGWBAHSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;hydron;iron(2+) Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O JVXHQHGWBAHSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- LQXZLHKVIRVBTC-UHFFFAOYSA-O [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[NH4+].[P] Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[NH4+].[P] LQXZLHKVIRVBTC-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 6
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- YTSDVWYUJXKXCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-[2-[carboxylatomethyl(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O YTSDVWYUJXKXCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000037488 Coccoloba pubescens Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001194479 Cucumis melo var. makuwa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 13
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000014786 phosphorus Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 5
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- YAWNFGAHEUCLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].OB(O)O Chemical compound [B].OB(O)O YAWNFGAHEUCLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012272 crop production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008216 herbs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009406 nutrient management Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a water-soluble special fertilizer for a facility cucumber and a recommended application method thereof, belonging to the technical field of agricultural resource environments. According to the absorption rate of N, P and K nutrients in each growth stage of the protected cucumber in the rotation period and the utilization rate of the water-soluble special fertilizer N, P and the K nutrients in the fertigation water-fertilizer integrated technology, the demand proportion of the protected cucumber crop water-soluble special fertilizer N, P and the K nutrients is determined, and the protected cucumber water-soluble special fertilizer is further prepared. The invention also discloses an application method of the water-soluble special fertilizer for the protected cucumber, which is based on the field planting density and the 4R principle of the protected cucumber. The invention saves water and fertilizer and improves the yield and quality of cucumber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural resource environments, and particularly relates to a water-soluble special fertilizer for a facility cucumber and a recommended application method thereof.
Background
At present, the typical nutrient input mode in the production of the intensified fruit vegetables is 'basic organic fertilizer + water-soluble fertilizer' application. Water-soluble fertilizers for domestic and foreign use, for example, for fruit vegetables, are formulated with (N-P) 2 O 5 -K 2 O): 20-20-20, 17-9-34, 14-4-40, 13-40-13, 19-19-18 and the like, but many product formulas are blind, are not suitable for the growth characteristics and environmental characteristics of fruit vegetable crops, have the problems of higher P content, lower K concentration and the like, and have the phenomenon of overuse in production. Unreasonable formula and excessive application not only affect the yield and quality of vegetables and waste resources, but also cause a series of environmental problems such as soil nutrient accumulation, proportion imbalance, secondary salinization, underground water nitrate nitrogen pollution and the like. Therefore, in the production of the fruits and vegetables, a reasonable water-soluble fertilizer formula is selected for fertilizer preparation according to the varieties of the fruits and vegetables, and a standardized application amount and application method are provided by combining a fertigation water-fertilizer integrated technology, so that the method has great significance on the quality, high yield and high efficiency of the fruits and vegetables.
Cucumber is a cucurbitaceae cucumber genus, annual vines or climbing herbs. The cultivation history is long, the cultivation is wide, and the vegetable is a worldwide vegetable. Cucumber is planted in all places, especially in modern facility cultivation (greenhouse), with a very wide planting scale. The requirement rule of the facility cucumber under the sunlight greenhouse cultivation condition for NPK is as follows: k > N > P, and absorption peaks of nutrient elements appear in the melon-containing period. However, in actual production, the phenomena of insufficient K fertilizer consumption and excessive N and P fertilizers are often generated. N, K can not only increase the yield of the protected cucumber, but also increase the disease resistance and quality of the protected cucumber.
The growth cycle of the protected cucumber is roughly divided into a germination period, a seedling period, a primary flowering period and a fruiting period. In the cultivation of the facility cucumber, the time from seedling transplanting and field planting to inflorescence fruit setting is generally about 40d, and the time from fruit setting to total harvesting (also called seedling pulling) is generally about 120 d. The cucumber grows in a nutritional way and grows in a reproductive way, the time is long, the yield is high, the fertilizer amount is large, and the cucumber is a typical fruit and vegetable melon crop with fertilizer preference but no fertilizer tolerance. The facility cucumber has strict requirements on fertilizer and water management, different cultivation modes and different growing periods, the requirements on fertilizer and water are greatly different, the yield and the quality are greatly influenced by the fertilization amount and the nutrient proportion, and the cultivation season and the environmental conditions in the facility are influenced, wherein the sufficient and reasonable nutrient supply is the guarantee of healthy and high yield of the facility cucumber.
The fertilizer application aims at meeting the 4R (light source, light rate, light time, light place) principle, namely selecting a proper fertilizer type, using a proper dosage to apply at a proper position at a proper time so as to meet the nutrient requirement of crops and achieve supply and demand synchronization. However, it is difficult to do in vegetable crop production practice due to the large differences in soil type, climate conditions, rotation systems and management measures. The fertilization is a precondition for realizing high yield and high efficiency of vegetable crops, and the principle of 4R plays a key role in guiding the correct fertilization process. The proper fertilizer formula is adopted for fertilizer preparation, the proper fertilizer application period is the key for ensuring reasonable application of the formula fertilizer, and meanwhile, the proper fertilizer application period determines the distribution proportion of the formula fertilizer in the whole growth period, and the distribution proportion is related to the dry matter accumulation rule and the nutrient demand rule of crops. Therefore, according to the nutrient absorption law and the 4R principle of the protected cucumber crops, the water-soluble special fertilizer for the protected cucumber and the water-fertilizer integrated recommended application method thereof are developed by combining with the water-fertilizer and fertigation integrated technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fertilizer preparation and recommended application method of a water-soluble special fertilizer for a facility cucumber based on nutrient absorption rules, water-fertilizer coupling integration and a 4R principle of the facility cucumber crops, namely, the fertilizer preparation and recommended application method of the water-soluble special fertilizer for the facility cucumber are provided according to the nutrient absorption rules of the facility cucumber crops in each growth period of the period of rotation and in combination with a fertigation water-fertilizer integration technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a fertilizer preparation method of a water-soluble special fertilizer for facility cucumber, which is a fertilizer preparation method of a water-soluble special fertilizer based on individual plants N, P and K nutrient absorption rate v (mg/d) of the facility cucumber in the growth period of the facility cucumber in the rotation period, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining the absorption rate v (mg/d) of each growth period individual plant N, P and K nutrient of the crop rotation facility cucumber according to field test and statistical analysis data of the absorption rate of each growth period individual plant N, P and K nutrient of the crop rotation facility cucumber;
the stubble periods are winter and spring stubble and autumn and winter stubble;
the protected cucumber is a sunlight greenhouse cultivation condition;
the growing period is divided into a first growing period and a second growing period, wherein the first growing period is from a seedling period to a primary flowering period of the protected cucumber, and the second growing period is from the primary flowering period to a full flowering period to a final flowering period of the protected cucumber;
The first flowering period and the melon containing period of the first growing period of the protected cucumber are special or key growing periods of the protected cucumber;
(2) Determining the initial proportion of the water-soluble special fertilizer N, P and the K nutrient of the protected cucumber in the stubble period according to the result obtained in the step (1);
the water-soluble special fertilizer for the protected cucumber in the stubble period consists of seedling strengthening fertilizer and melon containing fertilizer;
the seedling strengthening fertilizer is special fertilizer for topdressing of protected cucumber in the period from the first seedling stage to the first flowering stage in the period of rotation;
the melon containing fertilizer is special fertilizer for applying in the first melon period to the melon containing period and the last melon period of the protected cucumber in the rotation period;
the initial proportion of the seedling strengthening fertilizer N, P and the K nutrient of the crop rotation facility cucumber is recorded as follows according to the single plant N, P in the early flowering stage and the K nutrient absorption rate v in the first growth period: v N1 、v P1 And v K1 The initial proportion of the water-soluble seedling strengthening fertilizer for the protected cucumber is as follows: 1 (v) P1 /v N1 ):(v K1 /v N1 )；
The initial ratio of the crop rotation facility cucumber melon containing fertilizer N, P to the K nutrient is recorded as follows according to the melon containing period single plant N, P in the second growth period and the K nutrient absorption rate v: v N2 、v P2 And v K2 ObtainingThe initial proportion of the water-soluble melon-containing fertilizer for the protected cucumber is as follows: 1 (v) P2 /v N2 ):(v K2 /v N2 )；
(3) N, P and K nutrient utilization rate alpha of the water-soluble special fertilizer obtained according to the initial proportioning obtained in the step (2) and the water-fertilizer integrated technology of drip irrigation fertilization of the protected cucumber are respectively marked as alpha N 、α P And alpha K Correcting the initial proportion of the water-soluble fertilizer N, P and the K nutrient of the crop rotation facility cucumber to obtain the proportion of the corrected water-soluble special fertilizer N, P and the K nutrient of the crop rotation facility cucumber;
n, P and K nutrient utilization rate alpha of water-soluble special fertilizer fertigation and water-fertilizer integration technology for crops in winter facility cucumber N 、α P Alpha and alpha K 60 to 70 percent, 40 to 50 percent and 70 to 80 percent respectively.
The water-soluble special fertilizer N, P for the modified and optimized facility cucumber crops comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1 [ (v) P /v N )×α N /α P )]:[(v K /v N )×α N /α K )]。
(4) According to the difference of the soil temperature of the cultivation soil of the protected cucumber in the stubble period, the water-soluble special fertilizer N, P for the protected cucumber in the step (3) and the utilization rate alpha of K nutrient are prepared N 、α P And alpha K Further optimizing to obtain the final ratio of the optimized water-soluble special fertilizer N, P for the protected cucumber in the stubble period to the K nutrient;
the soil temperature of the crop cultivation soil of the protected cucumber in the stubble period has the influence factors that the illumination conditions in the stubble period are different;
the illumination condition of the winter and spring stubble facility cucumber in the later growth period is gradually changed, and the ground temperature is gradually increased;
the illumination condition of the autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber in the later growth period gradually becomes worse, and the ground temperature gradually decreases;
n, P and K nutrient utilization rate alpha of the optimized water-soluble special fertilizer fertigation water-fertilizer integrated technology for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crops N 、α P And alpha K 70%, 50% and 80% respectively,
the optimized autumnN, P and K nutrient utilization rate alpha of water-soluble special fertilizer fertigation water-fertilizer integrated technology for winter stubble facility cucumber crops N 、α P And alpha K 60%, 40% and 70%, respectively.
The final proportion of the optimized water-soluble special fertilizer N, P for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crops and the K nutrient is as follows: 1 [ (v) P /v N )×α N /α P )]:[(v K /v N )×α N /α K )]＝1:[(v P /v N )×70％/50％)]:[(v K /v N )×70％/80％)]；
The final proportion of the optimized water-soluble special fertilizer N, P for the autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crops and the K nutrient is as follows: 1 [ (v) P /v N )×α N /α P )]:[(v K /v N )×α N /α K )]＝1:[(v P /v N )×60％/40％)]:[(v K /v N )×60％/70％)]；
(5) And (3) respectively preparing the water-soluble special fertilizer for the crop of the protected cucumber in the rotation period according to the optimized final proportion of N, P and K nutrients of the protected cucumber in the rotation period obtained in the step (4).
Further, in the step (5), the specific steps for preparing the water-soluble special fertilizer for the crops of the protected cucumber in the stubble period comprise the following steps: according to the final proportion of the optimized water-soluble special fertilizer N, P and the K nutrient for the protected cucumber in the stubble period obtained in the step (4), the water-soluble special fertilizer N, P for the protected cucumber in the stubble period is converted 2 O 5 And K 2 Proportioning of O nutrients; determining the total nutrient content G and the corresponding N-P in the water-soluble special fertilizer for the protected cucumber crops in the period of rotation according to the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer standard (NY 1107-2020) 2 O 5 -K 2 And (5) after the grade of O, performing fertilizer preparation production.
Further, the water-soluble special fertilizer N, P and K nutrient of the crop of the protected cucumber in the stubble period are converted into N, P 2 O 5 And K 2 The proportion of the O nutrient is 1 [ (v) P /v N )×α N /α P ×2.29)]:[(v K /v N )×α N /α K ×1.2)]. Wherein 2.29 is P 2 O 5 Is 1.2 is K 2 Conversion coefficient of O.
Further, the special water-soluble fertilizer for the crop of the protected cucumber in the crop rotation period consists of a macroelement N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 O and trace element TE, the nutrient sources include:
(1) The macroelement N, P 2 O 5 And K 2 The O nutrient is derived from: ammonium nitrate phosphorus, ammonium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and potassium nitrate; wherein:
the molecular formula of the ammonium nitrate phosphorus is H 12 N 3 O 4 P, granular, nitrogen-containing 32% and phosphorus-containing 4%.
Ammonium sulfate of the formula (NH) 4 ) 2 SO 4 White granular crystals, 21.20% nitrogen (ammonium nitrogen) and 24.20% sulfur.
Monopotassium phosphate is also known as monopotassium phosphate. The molecular formula is KH 2 PO 4 Colorless or white crystals or powder, the pure product contains 28.73% of potassium and 22.76% of phosphorus.
The molecular formula of the potassium nitrate is KNO 3 Colorless or white crystals, 13.85% nitrogen (nitrate nitrogen), 38.67% potassium.
(2) The microelements TE comprise Zn, fe, mn, cu, B and Mo, and the nutrients are derived from one or a combination of more of EDTA-zinc, EDTA-iron, EDTA-manganese, EDTA-copper, boric acid and ammonium molybdate; wherein:
EDTA-zinc of formula C 10 H 12 N 2 O 8 ZnNa 2 White powder, zinc 14.5%.
EDTA-iron of formula C 10 H 12 N 2 O 8 FeNa·3H 2 O, brown yellow crystalline powder, containing 12.5% of iron.
EDTA-manganese of formula C 10 H 12 N 2 O 8 MnNa 2 The reddish powder contains 12.5% of manganese.
EDTA-copper of formula C 10 H 12 N 2 O 8 CuNa 2 Blue powder, copper 14.5%.
Boric acid has a molecular formula of H 3 BO 3 Colorless or white crystalline powder, 17.0% boron.
Ammonium molybdate of formula (NH) 4 ) 2 MoO 4 White powder, containing 20.0% of molybdenum.
The invention further provides a recommended application method of drip irrigation fertilization water and fertilizer integration of the water-soluble special fertilizer product for the protected cucumber crop, which is prepared and produced according to the water-soluble special fertilizer preparation method for the protected cucumber crop, and the method is a recommended fertilization method based on the field planting density and 4R principle of the protected cucumber; the method comprises the following steps:
1) Determining the planting density rho under the condition of fertigation according to the crop rotation facility cucumber variety;
the crop rotation facility cucumber is a lobular variety, and the field planting density ρ=4000 plants/667 m 3 ；
Or alternatively, the first and second heat exchangers may be,
the facility cucumber in the stubble period is a large leaf variety, and the planting density rho=3700 strain/667 m 3 ；
2) And determining the additional fertilization period, additional fertilization time, additional fertilization interval, additional fertilization times and additional fertilization varieties of the facility cucumber under the condition of fertigation according to the fertility characteristics of the growth period of the facility cucumber in the rotation period.
The additional fertilization period is divided into a first additional fertilization period and a second additional fertilization period, wherein the first additional fertilization period refers to a seedling period to an initial flowering period of a first growth period of a facility cucumber crop; the second topdressing period refers to the period from the first melon period to the full melon period to the last melon period of the second growing period of the facility cucumber crops;
the first topdressing period from the seedling stage to the initial flowering stage has a growth period of about 30 days; the topdressing time is 1 st topdressing from 8 th to 10 th days after field planting, 1 time is applied every 7 to 10 days, and the topdressing times are n 1 =3-4 times; the additional fertilizer is seedling strengthening fertilizer.
The growth period is about 80 days from the first melon stage to the full melon stage to the final melon stage of the second topdressing period; wherein, the initial melon period is about 20d, the full melon period is about 30d, and the final melon period is about 30d; the additional fertilizer is applied for 1 st time from 7 th to 10 th days after the initial melon stage is started, and 1 time is applied every 7 th to 10 th daysNumber of times n 2 =8-11 times; the additional fertilizer is melon fertilizer.
3) According to the influence factors of the rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) nutrient absorption by the crops of the protected cucumber in the rotation period under the condition of fertigation, the time, interval and times of topdressing of the water-soluble special fertilizer for the protected cucumber in the rotation period are further optimized;
the factors influencing the ground temperature of the further optimization conditions of the additional fertilization time, the additional fertilization interval and the additional fertilization times of the water-soluble special fertilizer for the protected cucumber in the rotation period are that the illumination conditions in the rotation period are different;
According to the condition that the illumination condition of the winter and spring stubble facility cucumber in the later growth stage is gradually changed, the ground temperature is gradually increased, the rate of absorbing NPK nutrients by cucumber crops is increased, the topdressing time or topdressing interval is shortened, and the fertilizing frequency is correspondingly increased. The optimized seedling strengthening fertilizer for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber is applied for 1 st time from 9d after fixed value, 1 time is applied every 7d, and the application times are n 1 =4 times; the optimized winter and spring stubble facility cucumber melon containing fertilizer starts to be applied after 7d after entering the initial melon period, 1 time is applied every 7d, and the application times are n 2 =11 times.
According to the condition that illumination conditions of the later growth period of the autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber gradually worsen, the ground temperature gradually decreases, the speed of the cucumber crops absorbing NPK nutrient is increased, the topdressing time or topdressing interval is prolonged, and the fertilizing times are correspondingly reduced. The optimized seedling strengthening fertilizer for autumn and winter cucumber is applied for 1 st time from 10d after fixed value, the additional fertilizer is applied for 1 time every 10d, and the additional application times are n 1 =3 times; the optimized cucumber fertilizer for autumn and winter stubble facilities starts to perform dressing from the 10 th day after entering the initial melon period, and the dressing is performed 1 time every 10 days, and the dressing times are n 2 =8 times.
4) According to field test and statistical analysis data of individual plants N, P and K nutrient absorption rate v (mg/d) in each growth period of the facility cucumber in the rotation period, determining the nitrogen (N) nutrient absorption quantity M of the individual plants from the first additional fertilizer period to the first melon period to the full melon period and from the second additional fertilizer period to the final melon period of the facility cucumber crop N 。
The nitrogen (N) nutrient absorption quantity M of the first additional fertilizer period and the early flowering period facility cucumber crop N Denoted as M N1 . Namely: m is M N1 ＝v N1 ×t N1 . Wherein v is N1 Is the absorption rate (mg/d) of nitrogen (N) nutrient in the early flowering stage, t N1 Is the growth period (d) of the cucumber in the early flowering period.
The nitrogen (N) nutrient absorption quantity M of the cucumber crops is protected from the first melon stage to the full melon stage to the final melon stage of the second additional fertilizer stage N Denoted as M N2 . Namely: m is M N2 ＝v N2 ×t N2 +v N3 ×t N3 +v N4 ×t N4 . Wherein: v N2 、v N3 、v N4 、v N5 Nitrogen (N) nutrient absorption rate (mg/d), t from the initial melon stage to the full melon stage to the final melon stage respectively N2 、t N3 、t N4 And (d) the growing period of the cucumber is protected from the early melon stage to the full melon stage to the final melon stage.
5) According to the difference of the soil temperature of the cultivation soil in the stubble period as an optimization condition, determining the N nutrient utilization rate alpha of the special water-soluble fertilizer drip irrigation fertilization water-fertilizer coupling integrated technology for the cucumber crops in the stubble period N ；
N nutrient utilization rate alpha of water-soluble special fertilizer fertigation water-fertilizer integrated technology for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crops N ＝70％；
N nutrient utilization rate alpha of water-soluble special fertilizer fertigation water-fertilizer integrated technology for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crops N ＝60％；
6) Determining the following N amount of the strong seedling fertilizer in the first topdressing period and the melon fertilizer in the second topdressing period of the protected cucumber crops in the stubble period according to the steps 4) and 5): n=m N ×ρ/α N ；
The seedling strengthening fertilizer and the N amount of the winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crops in the first additional fertilizer period are as follows: w (W) N1 ＝M N1 ×ρ/α N ＝M N1 X rho/70%, and the following N amount of melon fertilizer in the second topdressing period: w (W) N2 ＝M N2 ×ρ/α N ＝M N2 ×ρ/70％；
The seedling strengthening fertilizer for the first additional fertilizer period of the autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crops comprises the following weight: w (W) N1 ＝M N1 ×ρ/α N ＝M N1 X rho/60%, and the following N amount of melon fertilizer in the second topdressing period: w (W) N2 ＝M N2 ×ρ/α N ＝M N2 ×ρ/60％；
7) The seedling strengthening fertilizer for the protected cucumber crops in the rotation period contains N amount eta according to the steps 1) to 6) N1 The fertilizer contains N content eta N2 Respectively determining recommended application amount and each application amount of seedling strengthening fertilizer and melon containing fertilizer for the protected cucumber crops in the rotation period;
recommended application amount W=W of seedling strengthening fertilizer and melon containing fertilizer for crop rotation facility cucumber N /η N ＝M N ×ρ/(α N ×η N ) (kg/mu), the amount of each application is reduced: w=w/n (kg/mu);
seedling strengthening fertilizer recommended application W for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crops 1 ＝W N1 /η N1 ＝M N1 ×ρ/(70％×η N1 ) (kg/mu), the amount w of each application is reduced 1 ＝W 1 /n 1 )＝W 1 3) (kg/mu); recommended application W of cucumber fertilizer for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crops 2 ＝W N2 /η N2 ＝M N2 ×ρ/(70％×η N2 ) (kg/mu), the amount w of each application is reduced 2 ＝W 2 /n 1 )＝W 1 /8) (kg/mu). Wherein; η (eta) N1 、η N2 The seedling strengthening fertilizer and the melon containing fertilizer respectively contain N;
recommended application amount W of seedling strengthening fertilizer for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crops 1 ＝W N1 /η N1 ＝M N1 ×ρ/(60％×η N1 ) (kg/mu), the amount w of each application is reduced 1 ＝W 1 /n 1 )＝W 1 4) (kg/mu); recommended application amount W of cucumber fertilizer for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crops 2 ＝W N2 /η N2 ＝M N2 ×ρ/(60％×η N2 ) (kg/mu), the amount w of each application is reduced 2 ＝W 2 /n 1 )＝W 1 11) (kg/mu). Wherein; η (eta) N1 、η N2 The seedling strengthening fertilizer and the melon containing fertilizer respectively contain N;
8) According to the drip irrigation fertilization requirement, determining a fertilization method of a water-soluble special fertilizer for the protected cucumber crops in the rotation period, wherein the application method is based on a uniformity principle, and adopts film-covered drip irrigation fertilization and water-fertilizer integration:
8.1 The working pressure of the drip irrigation belt is 0.08-0.15Mpa, the water yield of the drip heads is 1.3-1.8L/h, the spacing between the drip heads is 30 cm-40 cm, and the drip heads are distributed in the middle of the plant spacing; the coating film is a polyethylene film with the width of 70-120 cm and the thickness of more than 0.01 mm.
8.2 The fertigation time is 2-3h each time. The specific method comprises the following steps: (1) firstly, filling clear water into a drip irrigation belt/pipeline, and then starting drip irrigation fertilization; (2) and continuously dripping clear water for 20-30min after the drip irrigation fertilization is finished, and discharging the residual fertilizer liquid in the drip irrigation belt/pipeline.
8.3 A detection method: the conductivity meter monitors the EC value. The EC value of the water and fertilizer coupling solution for the protected cucumber crops is 1-3 milliwestern/cm, or 1-3kg of the coupling solution is dissolved in water per cubic meter, which is equivalent to 350-1000 times dilution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) When the fertilizer preparation method and the recommended application method of the water-soluble special fertilizer for the protected cucumber are designed, the 4R nutrient management concept is implemented all the time, the requirement ratio of the water-soluble special fertilizer N, P and the K nutrient for the protected cucumber in the rotation period is determined by combining the film-covered drip irrigation and fertilization water and fertilizer integration technology according to the absorption of the protected cucumber in the rotation period to N, P, K nutrient in different growth periods, and the fertilizer preparation method of the water-soluble special fertilizer for the protected cucumber in the rotation period is further determined. In the recommended application method, the composition is timely and properly applied to the root concentrated layer directly, so that timing, quantification and positioning are achieved, and the 4R principle is met.
(2) The formula of the water-soluble special fertilizer for the protected cucumber in the rotation period disclosed by the invention takes the nutrient requirements of the first flowering period in the fertility period into consideration, takes the nutrient requirements of the first melon period to the first flowering period into consideration, takes the nutrient requirement characteristics of the first melon period to the last melon period into consideration, controls the application quantity or the fertilization frequency, improves the fertilizer utilization efficiency and reduces the environmental risk.
(3) The water-soluble special fertilizer for the protected cucumber is obtained by the integrated long-term positioning test and statistical analysis of the water-fertilizer coupling of the protected cucumber in the rotation period, the utilization rates of the water-soluble special fertilizer N, P and the K nutrient of the protected cucumber are preset to be 60-70%, 40-50% and 70-80% respectively according to the utilization rates of the water-soluble special fertilizer N, P and the K nutrient of the protected cucumber, and the water-soluble special fertilizer is further optimized through different illumination and ground temperature in the rotation period, so that various uncertain factors affecting the utilization efficiency of the water-soluble special fertilizer for the protected cucumber are effectively avoided, and a method and a direction are provided for adjusting the formula or the fertilizer preparation of the water-soluble special fertilizer for the protected cucumber.
(4) The key point of the fertilizer efficiency of the water-soluble special fertilizer for the protected cucumber is to regulate and control the concentration, proportion and form of proper nutrients in the root layer soil. The recommended application method of the water-soluble special fertilizer for the protected cucumber in the rotation period adopts a film-covered drip irrigation fertilization water-fertilizer coupling integrated technology, realizes the coupling of root systems and a water-fertilizer space, and realizes the refined 'small amount multiple' topdressing by adopting a nitrogen quantitative mode on the application amount.
(5) According to the invention, the film-covered fertigation and water-fertilizer coupling are integrated, and the water-soluble special fertilizer nutrient for the protected cucumber in the crop rotation period produced by the fertilizer is directly and uniformly applied to the root system layer of the cucumber crop, so that the synchronization of the water and the fertilizer is truly realized, and the effective utilization rate of the fertilizer is greatly improved.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the water-soluble fertilizer formulation for protected construction cucumbers during the rotation period and the recommended application method thereof of the present invention will now be described in detail, which should not be construed as limiting the invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the invention described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present invention. The specification and examples of the present invention are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean an inclusion, but not limited to.
Example 1
Water-soluble special fertilizer for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crops and recommended application method thereof
The embodiment is carried out in the standard vegetable garden of Sanxing, zhou and Zhuang Xianghui in the North China, 280954 and 2018-2020, the cultivation stubble of the protected cucumber is in a winter and spring stubble cultivation production mode, and the facility condition is a sunlight greenhouse. The field test and statistical analysis data of individual plants N, P and K nutrient absorption rates (mg/d) of winter and spring crop facility cucumber at different growth periods are summarized in Table 1-1.
TABLE 1-1 sunlight greenhouse winter and spring stubble individual plant nutrient absorption Rate (mg/d)
From tables 1 to 1, the initial flowering period and the melon holding period of the winter and spring stubble facility cucumber growth period, the individual plants N, P and the K nutrient absorption rate v are respectively recorded as: v N1 、v P1 、v K1 And v N2 、v P2 、v K2 The absorption ratio of the primary flowering period to the full flowering period N, P of the winter and spring stubble facility cucumber to the K nutrient is 1 (v) P1 /v N1 ):(v K1 /v N1 )＝1:(1.01/1045), (13.28/10.45) =1:0.10:1.27 and 1 (v) P2 /v N2 ):(v K2 /v N2 ) =1 (5.66/43.13): (59.78/43.13) =1:0.13:1.39. Thus obtaining the initial proportion of the seedling strengthening fertilizer and the melon containing fertilizer N, P and K nutrients of the facility cucumber;
n, P and K nutrient utilization rates of water-soluble special fertilizer fertigation and water-fertilizer integrated technology for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crops are respectively set to be alpha N ＝70％、α P =50% and α K =80%. The final proportion of seedling strengthening fertilizer, melon containing fertilizer N, P and K nutrient of the corrected and optimized winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crop is 1 [ (v) P1 /v N1 )×α N /α P )]:[(v K1 /v N1 )×α N /α K )]=1 (0.16×70%/50%): (1.47×70%/80%) =1:0.14:1.11 and 1: [ (v) P2 /v N2 )×α N2 /α P2 )]:[(v K2 /v N2 )×α N /α K )]1 (0.20×70%/50%) (1.98×70%/80%) =1:0.18:1.21. Converted into N, P 2 O 5 And K 2 The proportion of the O nutrient is 1 [ (v) P1 /v N1 )×α N /α P ×2.29)]:[(v K1 /v N1 )×α N /α K ×1.2)]=1 (0.22×2.29): (1.29×1.2) =1:0.31:1.33 and 1: [ (v) P /v N )×α N /α P ×2.29)]:[(v K /v N )×α N /α K ×1.2)]=1 (0.28×2.29): (1.73×1.2) =1:0.42:1.46. Wherein 2.29 is P 2 O 5 Is 1.2 is K 2 Conversion coefficient of O.
1. Water-soluble special fertilizer preparation method for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crops
The total nutrient content (%) of the water-soluble special fertilizer for the protected cucumber is equal to or more than 50 percent.
According to the N-P in macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (NY 1107-2010) standard 2 O 5 -K 2 O grade requirement, the seedling strengthening fertilizer and the melon containing fertilizer of winter and spring stubble facility cucumber are respectively N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=1:0.31:1.33 and N: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝1:0.42:1.46. According to the fit type N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O (total nitrogen-effective phosphorus pentoxide-potassium oxide) sequence, and the matching formula of the facility cucumber seedling strengthening fertilizer is N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=19-6-26, and the matching formula of the cucumber fertilizer for the protected cucumber is N-P 2 O5-K 2 O=18-8-27. The amounts of seedling strengthening fertilizer and melon containing fertilizer base materials for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber and each ton of finished product materials are summarized in tables 1-2 and tables 1-3.
TABLE 1-2 seedling strengthening fertilizer base Material and amount per ton of finished product Material
Tables 1-3 melon fertilizer base stock and amount of raw materials per ton of finished products
| Sequence number | Basic raw materials | Specification of basic raw materials | Raw material share | Ton raw material consumption (kg/ton) |
| 1 | Ammonium nitrate phosphorus | 30-4-0 | 250.00 | 384.62 |
| 2 | Ammonium sulfate | 20-0-0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 3 | Monopotassium phosphate | 0-52-34 | 80.00 | 123.08 |
| 4 | Potassium nitrate | 13.5-0-46 | 320.00 | 492.31 |
| 5 | EDTA-zinc | Zinc content 14.5% | 7.5 | |
| 6 | EDTA-iron | Iron content 12.5% | 6.5 | |
| 7 | EDTA-manganese | Manganese content of 12.5% | 5.6 | |
| 8 | EDTA-copper | Copper content 14.5% | 4.9 | |
| 9 | Boric acid | Boron content 17% | 8.5 | |
| 10 | Ammonium molybdate | Molybdenum content of 20% | 3.5 |
(1-1) Water-soluble seedling strengthening fertilizer for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber (calculated by dry basis fertilizer per ton)
420.29kg of ammonium nitrate and phosphorus, 0.00kg of ammonium sulfate, 86.96kg of monopotassium phosphate, 492.75kg of potassium nitrate and 5.5kg of trace element TE=5.5 kg are respectively weighed and fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-screw mixer, and are sent into metering package by a belt conveyor, thus obtaining the water-soluble seedling strengthening fertilizer for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber.
(1-2) Water-soluble melon-containing fertilizer for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber (calculated by dry basis fertilizer per ton)
384.62kg of ammonium nitrate and phosphorus, 0.00kg of ammonium sulfate, 123.08kg of monopotassium phosphate, 492.31kg of potassium nitrate and 5.5kg of trace element TE=5.5 kg are respectively weighed and fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-screw mixer, and are sent into metering package by a belt conveyor, thus obtaining the water-soluble melon-containing fertilizer for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber.
2. Recommended application amount of water-soluble special fertilizer for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber
The winter and spring stubble facility cucumber is a lobular variety, and under the condition of fertigation, the field planting density rho=4000 plants/667 m 3 。
Applying strong seedling fertilizer for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crops in first growing period, and applying times n 1 4 times, the 1 st additional fertilizer was applied from 9d after the fixed value, and 1 time was applied every 7 d. Dressing Cheng Gua fertilizer in second growing period, dressing times n 2 11 times, the 1 st additional fertilizer is applied at 7d after the initial melon stage, and the additional fertilizer is applied 1 time every 7 d.
The N supply amount in the first additional fertilizer period of the winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crops is the N absorption amount in the initial melon period divided by the N nutrient utilization rate alpha of the water-soluble seedling strengthening fertilizer of the facility cucumber N Denoted as M N1 ＝v N1 ×t N1 /α N . Wherein v is N1 Is the absorption rate (mg/d) of nitrogen (N) nutrient in the early flowering stage, t N1 Is the growth period (d) of the cucumber in the early flowering period. The N supply amount in the second additional fertilizer period of the facility cucumber crops in winter and spring is the N absorption amount in the initial cucumber period divided by the N nutrient utilization rate alpha of the water-soluble melon fertilizer of the facility cucumber N Denoted as M N2 ＝(v N2 ×t N2 +v N3 ×t N3 +v N4 ×t N4 )/α N . Wherein v is N2 、v N3 、v N4 、v N5 The absorption rate (mg/d) of nitrogen (N) nutrient in the early melon stage, the full melon stage and the final melon stage respectively, t N2 、t N3 、t N4 The first melon period, the full melon period and the final melon period are respectively the growth period (d).
(2-1) N nutrient utilization efficiency alpha according to the water-soluble special fertilizer fertigation water-fertilizer integration technique according to Table 1-1 and winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crops N Determining N supply amount W of water-soluble special fertilizer for winter-spring stubble facility cucumber crops, namely seedling strengthening fertilizer in first topdressing period and melon containing fertilizer in second topdressing period N1 And W is N2 The method comprises the following steps:
the seedling strengthening fertilizer is supplied with N: w (W) N1 ＝M N1 /α N ＝v N1 ×t N1 /α N =10.45×20/70% = 298.57 (mg/strain);
melon fertilizer supply amount N: w (W) N2 ＝M N2 /α N ＝(v N2 ×t N2 +v N3 ×t N3 +v N4 ×t N4 )/α N = (30.60×20+43.13×30+54.81×30)/70% = 4550.40/70% = 5071.71 (mg/strain);
(2-2) according to N nutrient content eta of water-soluble special fertilizer for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crops N Determining recommended application quantity W of water-soluble seedling strengthening fertilizer and melon containing fertilizer for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crops;
water-soluble seedling strengthening fertilizer N-P for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crops 2 O 5 -K 2 O=17-8-26, recommended application amount W 1 The method comprises the following steps:
W 1 ＝W N1 ×ρ/(10 6 ×η N1 )＝298.57×4000/(10 6 x 17%) =6.29 (kg/mu), fold per unit
The secondary application amount is as follows: w (w) 1 ＝W 1 /n 1 =6.29/4=1.57 (kg/mu);
water-soluble melon-containing fertilizer N-P for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crops 2 O 5 -K 2 O=16-9-30, recommended application amount W 2 The method comprises the following steps:
W 2 ＝M N2 ×ρ/(10 6 ×η N2 )＝5071.71×4000/(10 6 x 16%) = 112.70 (kg/mu), fold
The total application amount of each time is as follows: w (w) 2 ＝W 2 /n 2 = 112.70/11=10.25 (kg/mu);
3. recommended application method for film-covered drip irrigation fertilization and water and fertilizer integration
(3-1) the working pressure of the drip irrigation belt is 0.08-0.15Mpa, the water yield of the drip heads is 1.3-1.8L/h, and the drip heads are distributed in the middle of plant spacing;
(3-2) fertigation time is 2-3h each time. The specific method comprises the following steps: (1) firstly, filling clear water into a drip irrigation belt/pipeline, and then starting drip irrigation fertilization; (2) and continuously dripping clear water for 20-30min after the drip irrigation fertilization is finished, and discharging the residual fertilizer liquid in the pipeline.
(3-3) detection method: the conductivity meter monitors the EC value. The EC value of the water and fertilizer coupling solution for the protected cucumber crops is 1-3 milliwestern/cm, or 1-3kg of the coupling solution is dissolved in water per cubic meter, which is equivalent to 350-1000 times dilution.
4. Example technical effects
In the field test of the embodiment, 2 treatments are routinely and optimally performed, no repetition is needed, and the test area is half of the area of the test point cell. Before field planting, each test point is uniformly applied with base fertilizer, so that the same types and quantity of base fertilizers applied in conventional and optimized treatment are ensured. Dressing fertilizer No. 1N-P by conventional treatment 2 O 5 -K 2 O=22-12-16 and fertilizer No. 2N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=19-6-25, optimizing and dressing the water-soluble seedling strengthening fertilizer N-P for the protected cucumber 2 O 5 -K 2 O=19-6-26 and melon fertilizer N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=18-8-27. The conventional treatment and the optimization treatment are both based on the nitrogen supply target value, and the strategy of total control and stage regulation is adopted to recommend the application period and the application amount, and agricultural measures such as pesticide spraying, pruning and the like are operated according to the conventional habit. See in particular tables 1-4.
Tables 1 to 4
(1) Influence of water-soluble special fertilizer for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber on yield of facility cucumber
Tables 1-5 show the effect of the water-soluble fertilizer for winter and spring cucumber on the yield of cucumber. As a result of field test, compared with the conventional treatment, the yield of the water-soluble special fertilizer for the winter and spring stubble facility cucumber obtained in the example 1 is increased by 8.7% on average, which shows that the water-soluble seedling strengthening fertilizer and the melon containing fertilizer for the facility cucumber are beneficial to improving the yield of the winter and spring stubble facility cucumber.
Tables 1 to 5
(2) Water-soluble special fertilizer saving potential for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber
Table 5 shows the water-soluble fertilizer saving potential of the protected cucumber in winter and spring. As compared with the conventional treatment, the nitrogen trace amount of the water-soluble special fertilizer for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber obtained in the embodiment 1 is reduced by 19.4 percent on average, the phosphorus trace amount is reduced by 17.4 percent on average, and the potassium trace amount is increased by 7.3 percent on average, which shows that the recommended fertilization method combining the film-covered drip irrigation fertilization water-fertilizer integration technology and the 4R principle has considerable N and P potentiality.
Tables 1 to 6
Example 2
Water-soluble special fertilizer for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crops and application method thereof
The embodiment is carried out in the standard vegetable garden of Sanxing, zhou, and Zhuang Xianghui in the river north, 280954 in 2018-2020, the cultivation stubble of the protected cucumber is in a autumn and winter stubble cultivation production mode, and the facility condition is a sunlight greenhouse. The field test and statistical analysis data of individual plants N, P and K nutrient absorption rates v (mg/d) of autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber at different growth periods are summarized in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1 absorption Rate of nutrient for individual plants of autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber (mg/d)
From table 2-1, the initial flowering period and the full melon period of the autumn and winter cucumber plant N, P and the K nutrient absorption rate v are respectively recorded as: v N1 、v P1 、v K1 And v N2 、v P2 、v K2 The absorption ratio of the primary flowering period to the full flowering period N, P and the K nutrient of the autumn and winter stubble protected cucumber is 1 (v) P1 /v N1 ):(v K1 /v N1 ) =1 (6.68/62.20): (110.17/62.20) =1:0.11:1.77 and 1 (v) P2 /v N2 ):(v K2 /v N2 ) =1 (3.54/19.20): (34.42/19.20) =1:0.18:1.79. Thus obtaining the initial proportion of the seedling strengthening fertilizer and the melon containing fertilizer N, P and K nutrients of the facility cucumber;
n, P and K nutrient utilization rates of water-soluble special fertilizer fertigation and water-fertilizer integrated technology for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crops are respectively set to be alpha N ＝60％、α P =40% and α K =70%. The final proportion of seedling strengthening fertilizer, melon containing fertilizer N, P and K nutrient of corrected and optimized autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crops is 1 [ (v) P1 /v N1 )×α N /α P )]:[(v K1 /v N1 )×α N /α K )]=1 (0.11×60%/40%): (1.77×60%/70%) =1:0.16:1.52 and 1: [ (v) P2 /v N2 )×α N2 /α P2 )]:[(v K2 /v N2 )×α N /α K )]=1 (0.18×60%/40%) (1.79×60%/70%) =1:0.28:1.54. Converted into N, P 2 O 5 And K 2 The proportion of the O nutrient is 1 [ (v) P1 /v N1 )×α N /α P ×2.29)]:[(v K1 /v N1 )×α N /α K ×1.2)]=1 (0.16×2.29): (1.52×1.2) =1:0.37:1.82 and 1: [ (v) P /v N )×α N /α P ×2.29)]:[(v K /v N )×α N /α K ×1.2)]=1 (0.28×2.29): (1.54×1.2) =1:0.63:1.84. Wherein 2.29 is P 2 O 5 Is 1.2 is K 2 Conversion coefficient of O.
1. Water-soluble special fertilizer preparation method for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crops
The total nutrient content (%) of the water-soluble special fertilizer for the protected cucumber is equal to or more than 50 percent.
According to the N-P in macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (NY 1107-2010) standard 2 O 5 -K 2 O grade requirement, the seedling strengthening fertilizer and the melon containing fertilizer for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber are respectively N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=1:0.37:1.82 and N: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=1:0.63:1.84. According to the fit type N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O (total nitrogen-effective phosphorus pentoxide-potassium oxide) sequence, and the matching formula of the facility cucumber seedling strengthening fertilizer is N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=16-6-29, and the matching formula of the cucumber fertilizer for the protected cucumber is N-P 2 O5-K 2 O=16-10-29. The amounts of seedling strengthening fertilizer and melon containing fertilizer base materials for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber and each ton of finished product materials are summarized in tables 2-2 and 2-3.
TABLE 2-2 seedling-strengthening fertilizer base Material and amount per ton of finished product Material
| Sequence number | Basic raw materials | Specification of basic raw materials | Raw material share | Ton raw material consumption (kg/ton) |
| 1 | Ammonium nitrate phosphorus | 30-4-0 | 150.00 | 211.27 |
| 2 | Ammonium sulfate | 20-0-0 | 90.00 | 126.76 |
| 3 | Monopotassium phosphate | 0-52-34 | 70.00 | 98.59 |
| 4 | Potassium nitrate | 13.5-0-46 | 400.00 | 563.38 |
| 5 | EDTA-zinc | Zinc content 14.5% | 7.5 | |
| 6 | EDTA-iron | Iron content 12.5% | 6.5 | |
| 7 | EDTA-manganese | Manganese content of 12.5% | 5.6 | |
| 8 | EDTA-copper | Copper content 14.5% | 4.9 | |
| 9 | Boric acid | Boron content 17% | 8.5 | |
| 10 | Ammonium molybdate | Molybdenum content of 20% | 3.5 |
TABLE 2-3 melon fertilizer base Material and amount per ton of finished Material
| Sequence number | Basic raw materials | Specification of basic raw materials | Raw material share | Ton raw material consumption (kg/ton) |
| 1 | Ammonium nitrate phosphorus | 30-4-0 | 150.00 | 250.00 |
| 2 | Ammonium sulfate | 20-0-0 | 40.00 | 66.67 |
| 3 | Monopotassium phosphate | 0-52-34 | 100.00 | 166.67 |
| 4 | Potassium nitrate | 13.5-0-46 | 310.00 | 516.67 |
| 5 | EDTA-zinc | Zinc content 14.5% | 7.5 | |
| 6 | EDTA-iron | Iron content 12.5% | 6.5 | |
| 7 | EDTA-manganese | Manganese content of 12.5% | 5.6 | |
| 8 | EDTA-copper | Copper content 14.5% | 4.9 | |
| 9 | Boric acid | Boron content 17% | 8.5 | |
| 10 | Ammonium molybdate | Molybdenum content of 20% | 3.5 |
1.1 Water-soluble seedling strengthening fertilizer for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber (calculated by per ton of dry basis fertilizer)
211.27kg of ammonium nitrate and phosphorus, 126.76kg of ammonium sulfate, 98.59kg of monopotassium phosphate, 563.38kg of potassium nitrate and 5.5kg of trace element TE=5.5 kg are respectively weighed and fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-screw mixer, and are sent into a metering package by a belt conveyor, thus obtaining the water-soluble seedling strengthening fertilizer for autumn and winter cucumber.
1.2 Water-soluble melon-containing fertilizer for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber (calculated by per ton of dry fertilizer)
Respectively weighing 250.00kg of ammonium nitrate and phosphorus, 66.67kg of ammonium sulfate, 166.67kg of monopotassium phosphate, 516.67kg of potassium nitrate and 5.5kg of trace element TE=5.5 kg, fully and uniformly mixing in an asymmetric double-screw mixer, and conveying into a metering package by a belt conveyor to obtain the water-soluble melon-containing fertilizer for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber.
2. Recommended application amount of water-soluble special fertilizer for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber
The autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber is a large leaf variety, and under the condition of fertigation, the planting density rho=3700 plant/667 m 3 。
Applying strong seedling fertilizer for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crops in the first growing period, and applying times n 1 The application was performed 1 st time from 10d after the fixed value, and 1 time every 10 d. Dressing Cheng Gua fertilizer in second growing period, dressing times n 2 The 10 th day after entering the initial melon stage is applied with 1 st additional fertilizer for every 10d for 1 time =8 times.
The N supply amount in the first additional fertilizer period of the autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crops is N M absorbed in the initial melon period N1 Dividing the nutrient utilization rate alpha of the seedling strengthening fertilizer N N Denoted as M N1 ＝v N1 ×t N1 /α N . Wherein v is N1 Is the absorption rate (mg/d) of nitrogen (N) nutrient in the early flowering stage, t N1 Is the growth period (d) of the cucumber in the early flowering period. The N supply amount in the second additional fertilizer period of the autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crops is M which is absorbed from the first melon period to the full melon period to the last melon period N2 Divided by the nutrient utilization rate alpha of the melon fertilizer N N Denoted as M N2 ＝(v N2 ×t N2 +v N3 ×t N3 +v N4 ×t N4 )/α N . Wherein v is N2 、v N3 、v N4 The absorption rate (mg/d) of nitrogen (N) nutrient in the early melon stage, the full melon stage and the final melon stage respectively, t N2 、t N3 、t N4 The first melon period, the full melon period and the final melon period are respectively the growth period (d).
(2.1) N nutrient utilization rate alpha of drip irrigation fertilization water and fertilizer integrated technology according to Table 2-1 and autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crop water-soluble special fertilizer N Determining N supply amount W of water-soluble special fertilizer for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crops, namely seedling strengthening fertilizer in first topdressing period and melon containing fertilizer in second topdressing period N1 And W is N2 The method comprises the following steps:
the seedling strengthening fertilizer is supplied with N: w (W) N1 ＝M N1 /α N ＝v N1 ×t N1 /α N 62.20 ×20/60% = 2073.33 (mg/strain)
Melon fertilizer supply amount N: w (W) N2 ＝M N2 /α N ＝(v N2 ×t N2 +v N3 ×t N3 +v N4 ×t N4 )/α N = (19.20×20+3.54×30+34.42×30)/60% = 1522.80/60% = 2538.00 (mg/strain)
(2.2) N nutrient content eta of the water-soluble special fertilizer for the cucumber crops according to autumn and winter stubble facilities N Determining recommended application quantity W of water-soluble seedling strengthening fertilizer and melon containing fertilizer for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crops;
water-soluble seedling strengthening fertilizer N-P for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crops 2 O 5 -K 2 O=16-6-29, recommended application amount W 1 The method comprises the following steps:
W 1 ＝W N1 ×ρ/(10 6 ×η N1 )＝2073.33×3700/(10 6 x 16%) = 47.99 (kg/mu), fold
Each application amount: w (w) 1 ＝W 1 /n 1 = 47.99/4=12.00 (kg/mu);
water-soluble melon-containing fertilizer N-P for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crops 2 O 5 -K 2 O=16-10-29, recommended application amount W 2 The method comprises the following steps:
W 2 ＝M N2 ×ρ/(10 6 ×η N2 )＝2538.00×3700/(10 6 x 16%) =58.75 (kg/mu), fold
Each application amount: w (w) 2 ＝W 2 /n 2 =58.75/11=5.34 (kg/mu);
3. recommended application method for film-covered drip irrigation fertilization and water and fertilizer integration
(3-1) the working pressure of the drip irrigation belt is 0.08-0.15Mpa, the water yield of the drip heads is 1.3-1.8L/h, and the drip heads are distributed in the middle of plant spacing;
(3-2) fertigation time is 2-3h each time. The specific method comprises the following steps: (1) firstly, filling clear water into a drip irrigation belt/pipeline, and then starting drip irrigation fertilization; (2) and continuously dripping clear water for 20-30min after the drip irrigation fertilization is finished, and discharging the residual fertilizer liquid in the pipeline.
(3-3) detection method: the conductivity meter monitors the EC value. The EC value of the water and fertilizer coupling solution for the protected cucumber crops is 1-3 milliwestern/cm, or 1-3kg of the coupling solution is dissolved in water per cubic meter, which is equivalent to 350-1000 times dilution.
4. Example technical effects
In the field test of the embodiment, 2 treatments are routinely and optimally performed, no repetition is needed, and the test area is half of the area of the test point cell. Before field planting, each test point is uniformly applied with base fertilizer, so that the same types and quantity of base fertilizers applied in conventional and optimized treatment are ensured. Dressing fertilizer No. 1N-P by conventional treatment 2 O 5 -K 2 O=22-12-16 and fertilizer No. 2N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=19-6-25, optimizing and dressing the water-soluble seedling strengthening fertilizer N-P for the protected cucumber 2 O 5 -K 2 O=16-6-29 and melon fertilizer N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=16-10-29. The conventional treatment and the optimization treatment are both based on the nitrogen supply target value, the strategy of total control and stage regulation is adopted to recommend the application period and the application amount, and the agronomic measures such as pesticide spraying, pruning and the like are operated according to the conventional habits of farmers. See in particular tables 2-4.
Tables 2 to 4
(1) Influence of water-soluble fertilizer special for autumn and winter stubble cucumber on cucumber yield
Tables 2-5 show the effect of water-soluble fertilizer specific to protected cucumber in autumn and winter on the yield of protected cucumber. As a result of field test, compared with the conventional treatment, the yield of the water-soluble special fertilizer for the autumn and winter cucumber obtained in the example 2 is increased by 6.0% on average, which shows that the water-soluble seedling strengthening fertilizer and the melon containing fertilizer for the autumn and winter cucumber are beneficial to improving the yield of the autumn and winter cucumber.
Tables 2 to 5
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(2) Water-soluble special fertilizer saving potential for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber
Tables 2-6 show the water-soluble fertilizer saving potential of the protected cucumber in autumn and winter. As compared with the conventional treatment, the nitrogen trace amount of the water-soluble special fertilizer for autumn and winter stubble cucumbers obtained in the embodiment 2 is reduced by 26.6 percent on average, the phosphorus trace amount is reduced by 4.4 percent on average, and the potassium trace amount is increased by 20.8 percent on average, which shows that the recommended fertilization method combining the film-covered drip irrigation fertilization water-fertilizer integration technology and the 4R principle has considerable N and P potentiality.
Tables 2 to 6
In the foregoing, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments, and any person skilled in the art, within the scope of the present invention, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention by equally replacing or changing the technical scheme and the inventive concept thereof.
Claims (6)
1. The method for preparing the water-soluble special fertilizer for the facility cucumber is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Determining the absorption rate v of the individual plants N, P and the K nutrients of the facility cucumber in the rotation period according to the field and experimental and statistical analysis data of the absorption rate of the individual plants N, P and the K nutrients in the growth period of the facility cucumber in the rotation period;
The cultivation condition of the protected cucumber is solar greenhouse cultivation; the stubble periods are winter and spring stubble and autumn and winter stubble; the growing period is divided into a first growing period and a second growing device, wherein the first growing period is from a seedling period to a primary flowering period of the facility cucumber, and the second growing period is from the primary flowering period to a full flowering period to a final flowering period; the first flowering period and the second growing period of the protected cucumber are special or key growing periods of the protected cucumber;
(2) Determining the initial proportion of the water-soluble special fertilizer N, P and the K nutrient of the protected cucumber in the stubble period according to the result obtained in the step (1);
the water-soluble special fertilizer for the protected cucumber in the stubble period consists of seedling strengthening fertilizer and melon containing fertilizer;
the seedling strengthening fertilizer is special fertilizer for topdressing of protected cucumber in the period from the first seedling stage to the first flowering stage in the period of rotation;
the melon containing fertilizer is special fertilizer for applying in the first melon period to the melon containing period and the last melon period of the protected cucumber in the rotation period;
the initial proportion of the seedling strengthening fertilizer N, P and the K nutrient of the crop rotation facility cucumber is recorded as follows according to the single plant N, P in the early flowering stage and the K nutrient absorption rate v in the first growth period: v N1 、v P1 And v K1 The initial proportion of the water-soluble seedling strengthening fertilizer for the protected cucumber is as follows: 1 (v) P1 /v N1 ):(v K1 /v N1 )；
The initial ratio of the crop rotation facility cucumber melon containing fertilizer N, P to the K nutrient is recorded as follows according to the melon containing period single plant N, P in the second growth period and the K nutrient absorption rate v: v N2 、v P2 And v K2 The initial proportion of the water-soluble melon-containing fertilizer for the protected cucumber is as follows: 1 (v) P2 /v N2 ):(v K2 /v N2 )；
(3) N, P and K nutrient utilization rate alpha of the facility cucumber water-soluble special fertilizer obtained according to the initial proportioning and fertigation water-fertilizer integrated technology obtained in the step (2) are respectively marked as alpha N 、α P And alpha K Correcting the initial proportion of the water-soluble fertilizer N, P and the K nutrient of the crop rotation facility cucumber to obtain the proportion of the corrected water-soluble special fertilizer N, P and the K nutrient of the crop rotation facility cucumber;
n, P and K nutrient utilization rate alpha of water-soluble special fertilizer fertigation and water-fertilizer integration technology for crops in winter facility cucumber N 、α P Alpha and alpha K 60 to 70 percent, 40 to 50 percent and 70 to 80 percent respectively;
the water-soluble special fertilizer N, P for the modified facility cucumber crops comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1 [ (v) P /v N )×α N /α P )]:[(v K /v N )×α N /α K )]；
(4) According to the difference of the soil temperature of the cultivation soil of the protected cucumber in the stubble period, the water-soluble special fertilizer N, P for the protected cucumber in the step (3) and the utilization rate alpha of K nutrient are prepared N 、α P And alpha K Optimizing to obtain the final ratio of the optimized water-soluble special fertilizer N, P for the protected cucumber in the crop period and the K nutrient;
n, P and K nutrient utilization rate alpha of the optimized water-soluble special fertilizer fertigation water-fertilizer integrated technology for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crops N 、α P And alpha K 70%, 50% and 80% respectively, wherein the optimized water-soluble special fertilizer for autumn and winter facility cucumber crops is subjected to fertigation and water and fertilizer integration technology, and the N, P and K nutrient utilization rate alpha is obtained N 、α P And alpha K 60%, 40% and 70%, respectively;
the final proportion of the optimized water-soluble special fertilizer N, P for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crops and the K nutrient is as follows: 1 [ (v) P /v N )×α N /α P )]:[(v K /v N )×α N /α K )]＝1:[(v P /v N )×70％/50％)]:[(v K /v N )×70％/80％)]；
The final proportion of the optimized water-soluble special fertilizer N, P for the autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crops and the K nutrient is as follows: 1 [ (v) P /v N )×α N /α P )]:[(v K /v N )×α N /α K )]＝1:[(v P /v N )×60％/40％)]:[(v K /v N )×60％/70％)]；
(5) Preparing the water-soluble special fertilizer for producing the crops of the protected cucumbers in the rotation period respectively according to the optimized final proportion of the water-soluble special fertilizer N, P and the K nutrient for the protected cucumbers in the rotation period obtained in the step (4); the method comprises the following specific steps: according to the final proportion of the optimized water-soluble special fertilizer N, P and the K nutrient for the protected cucumber in the stubble period obtained in the step (4), the water-soluble special fertilizer N, P for the protected cucumber in the stubble period is converted 2 O 5 And K 2 Proportioning of O nutrients;
determining the total nutrient content G and the corresponding N-P in the water-soluble special fertilizer for the cucumber crops in the crop rotation period according to the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer standard NY1107-2020 2 O 5 -K 2 After the grade of O, fertilizer preparation production is carried out;
the water-soluble special fertilizer N, P and K nutrient of the crops for rotation are converted into N, P 2 O 5 And K 2 The proportion of the O nutrient is 1 [ (v) P /v N )×α N /α P ×2.29)]:[(v K /v N )×α N /α K ×1.2)]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein 2.29 is P 2 O 5 Is 1.2 is K 2 Conversion coefficient of O;
the water-soluble special fertilizer for the crops of the protected cucumbers in the stubble period consists of major elements and trace elements;
the macroelements include N, P 2 O 5 And K 2 O, the nutrient is from ammonium nitrate phosphorus, ammonium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and potassium nitrate;
the microelements comprise one or more of Zn, fe, mn, cu, B and Mo, and the nutrient is derived from one or a combination of any of EDTA-zinc, EDTA-iron, EDTA-manganese, EDTA-copper, boric acid and ammonium molybdate.
2. The fertilizer preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer special for the protected cucumbers, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer special for the protected cucumbers N, P and the K nutrient utilization rate alpha in the step (4) N 、α P And alpha K The influence factors of the soil temperature of the cultivation soil in the crop rotation period of the further optimized condition are that the illumination conditions in the crop rotation period are different;
the illumination condition of the winter and spring stubble facility cucumber in the later growth period is gradually changed, and the ground temperature is gradually increased; the illumination condition of the autumn and winter cucumber in the later growth period is gradually worsened, and the ground temperature is gradually reduced.
3. A water-soluble fertilizer for protected cucumbers prepared by the method for preparing the water-soluble fertilizer for protected cucumbers according to claim 1 or 2.
4. A recommended application method of a water-soluble fertilizer for cucumber in a facility according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps based on the field density of cucumber in a facility and 4R principle:
1) According to the crop rotation facility cucumber variety, determining the field planting density ρ under the condition of fertigation:
the crop rotation facility cucumber is a lobular variety, and the field planting density ρ=4000 plants/667 m 3 ；
Or alternatively, the first and second heat exchangers may be,
the facility cucumber in the stubble period is a large leaf variety, and the planting density rho=3700 strain/667 m 3 ；
2) According to the growth period characteristics of the crop rotation facility cucumber, determining the topdressing period, topdressing time, topdressing interval, topdressing times and topdressing variety of the crop rotation facility cucumber under the condition of fertigation:
the additional fertilization period is divided into a first additional fertilization period and a second additional fertilization period, wherein the first additional fertilization period refers to a seedling period to an initial flowering period of a first growth period of a facility cucumber crop; the second topdressing period refers to the period from the first melon period to the full melon period to the last melon period of the second growing period of the facility cucumber crops;
the first topdressing period topdressing is carried out for the 1 st topdressing from 8 th to 10 th days after field planting, 1 time is carried out every 7 to 10 days, and the topdressing times are n 1 =3-4 times; the additional fertilizer is seedling strengthening fertilizer;
the additional fertilizer in the second additional fertilizer period is applied for 1 st additional fertilizer from 7 th to 10 th days after the initial melon period is started, 1 time is applied every 7 to 10d, and the additional fertilizer is applied for n times 2 =8-11 times; the additional fertilizer variety is melon fertilizer;
3) According to the fact that the influence factors of the crop rotation facility cucumber crop absorption nitrogen phosphorus potassium (NPK) nutrient rate under the drip irrigation fertilization condition are different in ground temperature, the additional fertilization time, additional fertilization interval and additional fertilization times of the water-soluble special fertilizer for the crop rotation facility cucumber are further optimized:
the optimized seedling strengthening fertilizer for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber carries out 1 st dressing from 9d after setting value, 1 time of dressing every 7d, and the dressing times are n 1 =4 times; the optimized melon fertilizer starts to be applied from the 7 th day after entering the initial melon period, the application is carried out for 1 time every 7 days, and the application times are n 2 =11 times;
the optimized seedling strengthening fertilizer for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber carries out 1 st dressing from 10d after setting value, 1 time of dressing is carried out every 10d, and the dressing times are n 1 =3 times; the optimized cucumber fertilizer for autumn and winter stubble facilities starts to perform dressing from the 10 th day after entering the initial melon period, and is applied 1 time every 10 days, and the dressing times are n 2 =8 times;
4) According to field test and statistical analysis data of individual plants N, P in each growing period and K nutrient absorption rate v of the protected cucumber in the rotation period, determining the N nutrient absorption M of the individual plants in the first additional fertilizer period, the first melon period in the second additional fertilizer period, the first melon period, the full melon period and the last melon period of the protected cucumber crops N ：
N nutrient absorption M of first additional fertilizer period and early flowering period facility cucumber crops N Denoted as M N1 The method comprises the following steps: m is M N1 ＝v N1 ×t N1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein v is N1 Is the N nutrient absorption rate in the early flowering stage, t N1 The cucumber is a growing period of a facility cucumber in an early flowering period;
the N nutrient absorption quantity M of the cucumber crops is protected from the first melon stage to the full melon stage to the final melon stage of the second additional fertilizer stage N Denoted as M N2 The method comprises the following steps: m is M N2 ＝v N2 ×t N2 +v N3 ×t N3 +v N4 ×t N4 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein: v N2 、v N3 、v N4 、v N5 N-nutrient absorption rates from the initial melon stage to the full melon stage to the final melon stage respectively, t N2 、t N3 、t N4 The cucumber growing period is a facility cucumber growing period from the early melon period to the full melon period to the final melon period;
5) According to the difference of the soil temperature of the cultivation soil in the stubble period as an optimization condition, determining the N nutrient utilization rate alpha of the special water-soluble fertilizer drip irrigation fertilization water-fertilizer coupling integrated technology for the cucumber crops in the stubble period N ：
N nutrient utilization rate alpha of water-soluble special fertilizer fertigation water-fertilizer integrated technology for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crops N ＝70％；
N nutrient utilization rate alpha of water-soluble special fertilizer fertigation water-fertilizer integrated technology for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crops N ＝60％；
6) Determining the following N amount of the strong seedling fertilizer in the first topdressing period and the melon fertilizer in the second topdressing period of the protected cucumber crops in the stubble period according to the steps 4) and 5): n=m N ×ρ/α N ：
The seedling strengthening fertilizer and the N amount of the winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crops in the first additional fertilizer period are as follows: w (W) N1 ＝M N1 ×ρ/α N ＝M N1 X rho/70%, and the following N amount of melon fertilizer in the second topdressing period: w (W) N2 ＝M N2 ×ρ/α N ＝M N2 ×ρ/70％；
The seedling strengthening fertilizer for the first additional fertilizer period of the autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crops comprises the following weight: w (W) N1 ＝M N1 ×ρ/α N ＝M N1 X rho/60%, and the following N amount of melon fertilizer in the second topdressing period: w (W) N2 ＝M N2 ×ρ/α N ＝M N2 ×ρ/60％；
7) The seedling strengthening fertilizer for the protected cucumber crops in the rotation period contains N amount eta according to the steps 1) to 6) N1 The fertilizer contains N content eta N2 Respectively determining recommended application amount and each application amount of seedling strengthening fertilizer and melon containing fertilizer for the protected cucumber crops in the rotation period:
recommended application amount W=W of seedling strengthening fertilizer and melon containing fertilizer for crop rotation facility cucumber N /η N ＝M N ×ρ/(α N ×η N ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Fold the amount of each application: w=w/n;
8) According to the drip irrigation fertilization requirement, determining a fertilization method of a water-soluble special fertilizer for the protected cucumber crops in the rotation period, wherein the application method is based on a uniformity principle, and adopts film-covered drip irrigation fertilization and water-fertilizer integration:
8.1 The working pressure of the drip irrigation belt is 0.08-0.15Mpa, the water yield of the drip heads is 1.3-1.8L/h, the spacing between the drip heads is 30 cm-40 cm, and the drip heads are distributed in the middle of the plant spacing; the coating film is a polyethylene film, the width is 70-80 cm, and the thickness is more than 0.01 mm;
8.2 The fertigation time is 2-3h each time. The specific method comprises the following steps: (1) firstly, filling clear water into a drip irrigation belt/pipeline, and then starting drip irrigation fertilization; (2) continuously dripping clear water for 20-30min after the drip irrigation fertilization is finished, and discharging the residual fertilizer liquid in the pipeline;
8.3 A detection method: monitoring the EC value by a conductivity meter; wherein, the EC value of the water and fertilizer coupling solution for the protected cucumber crops is 1-3 milliwestern/cm or 1-3kg of the coupling solution is dissolved in each cubic meter of water.
5. The recommended application method of water-soluble fertilizer for protected cucumber according to claim 4, wherein the factors influencing the ground temperature of the further optimized conditions of the time of application, the interval of application and the number of times of application of the water-soluble fertilizer for protected cucumber in the stubble period in step 3) are different illumination conditions in the stubble period;
according to the condition that the illumination condition of the winter and spring stubble facility cucumber in the later growth stage is gradually changed, the ground temperature is gradually increased, the rate of absorbing NPK nutrients by cucumber crops is increased, the topdressing time or topdressing interval is shortened, and the fertilizing frequency is correspondingly increased;
according to the condition that illumination conditions of the later growth period of the autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber gradually worsen, the ground temperature gradually decreases, the rate of NPK nutrient absorption of cucumber crops decreases, the topdressing time or topdressing interval is prolonged, and the fertilizing times are correspondingly reduced.
6. The recommended application method of water-soluble special fertilizer for protected cucumber as claimed in claim 4, wherein the recommended application amount W of strong seedling fertilizer for protected cucumber in winter and spring stubble in the step 7) is as follows 1 ＝W N1 /η N1 ＝M N1 ×ρ/(70％×η N1 ) Folded with the amount w of each application 1 ＝W 1 /n 1 ＝W 1 3; recommended application W of cucumber fertilizer for winter and spring stubble facility cucumber crops 2 ＝W N2 /η N2 ＝M N2 ×ρ/(70％×η N2 ) Folded with the amount w of each application 2 ＝W 2 /n 1 ＝W 1 8; wherein: η (eta) N1 、η N2 The seedling strengthening fertilizer and the melon containing fertilizer respectively contain N;
recommended application amount W of seedling strengthening fertilizer for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crops 1 ＝W N1 /η N1 ＝M N1 ×ρ/(60％×η N1 ) Folded with the amount w of each application 1 ＝W 1 /n 1 ＝W 1 4; recommended application amount W of cucumber fertilizer for autumn and winter stubble facility cucumber crops 2 ＝W N2 /η N2 ＝M N2 ×ρ/(60％×η N2 ) Folded with the amount w of each application 2 ＝W 2 /n 1 ＝W 1 11; wherein: η (eta) N1 、η N2 Respectively strong seedlingThe fertilizer and melon-containing fertilizer contain N.
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