CN117265147B - 一种与血蚶弧菌抗性相关联的分子标记 - Google Patents
一种与血蚶弧菌抗性相关联的分子标记 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明的目的是提供一种与血蚶弧菌抗性相关联的分子标记,从而用于筛选具有抗弧菌特性的血蚶个体进行后续的遗传育种。本发明还提供一种筛选弧菌抗性泥蚶个体的方法,是通过检测待筛选个体中所述的微卫星标记的基因型,筛选具有特异性片段的泥蚶个体作为亲本。本发明所提供的与血蚶弧菌抗性相关联的分子标记可以用于筛选具有弧菌抗性的血蚶个体作为育种亲本,从而为泥蚶的遗传育种提供有效的分子标记。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖遗传育种标记筛选技术领域,具体涉及一种与血蚶弧菌抗性相关联的分子标记。
背景技术
血蚶,又名泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa),属于软体动物的瓣鳃类,它的介壳形状,作心脏形,两壳质厚而隆起,左右同形,表面有垄沟,如瓦屋棱,约有三四十条,均由壳嘴而散射。肉柱紫赤色,多血,味极鲜美。血蚶是价格很高的经济作物,对水质的要求相当高,现在许多地方都是筑塘引水养殖。
随着人口的增长和生活水平的提高,消费者对高品质、高保真、健康的海产品的需求不断增加。泥蚶肉质鲜美,因此深受人们的喜爱,其在国内市场上的销售情况良好尤其是在南方市场销售火爆,未来市场前景广阔。据统计,我国的泥蚶市场需求超过了40亿元,每年的消费量高达数千万吨。
浙江台州市三门县的海岸线曲折,港湾众多,滩涂广阔,是泥蚶生长繁殖的优良场所,其所出产的泥蚶由于肉脆微咸,汁多血红,味道鲜美而被命名为三门血蚶。三门血蚶的贝壳极坚硬,卵圆形,两壳相等,相当膨胀,壳表白色,被褐色壳皮,壳内面灰白色。蚶肉含多量蛋白质和维生素(B1、B2),壳可入药,有消血块和化痰积的功效,三门血蚶蛋白质≥8.95g/100g;含16种氨基酸(总含量7.79%);含10种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸占36.45%;脂肪含量0.9%,维生素B1≥0.0158mg/100g,维生素B2≥0.0933mg/100g,含丰富的矿物质。与《中国食物成分表》(中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所编著)公布的其他产地血蚶相比,三门血蚶蛋白质含量高1.4%、氨基酸高2.78%,三门血蚶的营养价值更高、更健康。
泥蚶养殖的核心技术是如何控制其生长周期和养殖环境,以获取高品质、健康的泥蚶产品。近年来,随着科技水平的提升,泥蚶养殖技术也得到了很大的提高,不断地创新和发展。现今的泥蚶养殖已经实现了规模化和工业化生产,并且其产量和品质得到了大幅提升,满足了不同消费者的需求。但随着养殖年限的增加,养殖规模的扩大,一些病害也逐渐出现,对泥蚶养殖的健康发展造成了危害。
自2000年以来,养殖泥蚶的流行性疾病和大规模死亡时有发生,其中,弧菌性疾病最为常见,并且导致的死亡最为严重,已然成为制约泥蚶养殖产业健康发展的瓶颈问题之一。弧菌普遍分布于河口、海湾、近岸海域的海水和海洋动物体内其中主要致病菌有副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)、哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)、鳗弧菌(Vibrioanguillarum)、创伤弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus)、溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)等,但对关泥蚶感染哈维氏弧菌后,机体免疫响应的研究报道较少。
为了克服微生物病害对泥蚶养殖的影响,一方面是提供良好的饲养管理可以增强水产品的免疫力和抗病能力,例如合理的养殖密度和更适合的养殖环境。另一方面就是通过遗传选育方式来获得具有特定抗病性的个体进行育种,从而提高养殖品种对特定病源的抗逆性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种与血蚶弧菌抗性相关联的分子标记,从而用于筛选具有抗弧菌特性的血蚶个体进行后续的遗传育种。
本发明首先提供一种与血蚶弧菌抗性相关联的分子标记,所述的分子标记为微卫星标记TMP12,其核苷酸序列如下:
TTCTTGTAGGTTTGTCCGCTAAATCTATGTCTTTTTTCTTGTTCTCCTTCCTTTCCTTTCTTGCACGTCTTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTGCTTTTTCTTCTTCTTTTTTTTCTTCTTCTTCATAAATATTTGATT(SEQ ID NO:1);
用于扩增上述微卫星标记TMP12的引物对,其一种引物对的序列信息如下:
上游引物:5′-TTCTTGTAGGTTTGTCCGCT-3′(SEQ ID NO:2)、
下游引物:5′-AATCAAATATTTATGAAG-3′(SEQ ID NO:3);
本发明再一个方面还提供所述的微卫星标记TMP12在筛选具有弧菌抗性泥蚶个体中的应用;
本发明再一个方面还提供另一种分子标记,所述的分子标记为微卫星标记TMP-hq-03,其核苷酸序列如下:
TCTCAGTCCAATCAAATCTGCATCCAAATTTTGATAAAAGCTTACATTCACCTTGTGGTGGCTAGCTGCTATATATCATCATTTATTATTAGATTAGATTAAGATAGTGCTTTATTCCCCAGATAATCTTTCACGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGTATGTATGTTTCATGAGCATGAGAGGGAGAGAGATCTAAAG(SEQ ID NO:4);
用于扩增上述微卫星标记TMP-hq-03的引物对,其一种引物对的序列信息如下:
上游引物:5′-TCTCAGTCCAATCAAATCTGC-3′(SEQ ID NO:5)、
下游引物:5′-CTTTAGATCTCTCTCCCTC-3′(SEQ ID NO:6)。
本发明再一个方面还提供所述的微卫星标记TMP-hq-03在筛选具有弧菌抗性泥蚶个体中的应用;
本发明第三个方面还提供一种分子标记,所述的分子标记为微卫星标记TMP-yqw-21,其核苷酸序列如下:
CGAAACAGTGATAATTTAACAAAATTATTAACCTCATTTTAACTAAAAGAATAAAAAGTAGTATCCATTTTGGTGATATATCGCACACACAGACACACCTGAGAGTAATGATGAAGCCCTATGTAGCGTTATATAACCATTCATTGATATATATATATATATATATATATATATACAGTGGAATCTGTTTAAACTAAACACCTTCAGTACTGAAGAATTTGTTCAGATTAGACAGGTATTCAGTTTAGAC(SEQ ID NO:7);
用于扩增上述微卫星标记TMP-yqw-21的引物对,其一种引物对的序列信息如下:
上游引物:5′-CGAAACAGTGATAATTTAAC-3′(SEQ ID NO:8)、
下游引物:5′-GTCTAAACTGAATACCTGTC-3′(SEQ ID NO:9);
所述的微卫星标记TMP-yqw-21可用于筛选具有弧菌抗性的泥蚶个体;
本发明还提供一种筛选弧菌抗性泥蚶个体的方法,是通过检测待筛选个体中所述的微卫星标记的基因型,筛选具有特异性片段的泥蚶个体作为亲本;
所述的基因型,其中使用序列为SEQ ID NO:2和SEQ ID NO:3的引物对来扩增微卫星标记TMP12的扩增产物中包含有长度为171bp的扩增产物;微卫星标记TMP-hq-03使用序列为SEQ ID NO:5和SEQ ID NO:6的引物对扩增的微卫星标记TMP-hq-03的扩增产物中包含有长度为208bp的扩增产物;而TMP-yqw-21标记使用序列为SEQ ID NO:8和SEQ ID NO:9的引物对进行扩增的产物中包含有长度为250bp的扩增片段。
本发明所提供的与血蚶弧菌抗性相关联的分子标记可以用于筛选具有弧菌抗性的血蚶个体作为育种亲本,从而为泥蚶的遗传育种提供有效的分子标记。
附图说明
图1:抗性群体与易感群体的DNA样品提取电泳图,
图2:位点X在本发明泥蚶样品扩增的基因分形图,其中图2A是165/165基因型,图2B是165/171基因型,图2C是165/177基因型,图2D是171/171基因型;
图3:位点Y在本发明泥蚶样品扩增的基因分形图;
图4:位点z在本发明泥蚶抗性群体中的基因分形图,其中图4A是238/250基因型,图4B是242/250基因型,图4C是250/250基因型。
具体实施方式
申请人在血蚶育苗实验中,采用浸泡感染实验模拟泥蚶在自然环境下遭受哈维氏弧菌胁迫的环境,筛选出具有哈维氏弧菌抗性的血蚶个体(存活个体)与哈维氏弧菌敏感个体(死亡个体);然后提取抗体群体和敏感群体中每个血蚶个体的DNA进行微卫星标记扩增筛选,获得与弧菌抗性相关联的分子标记。
在获得了分子标记的基础上,采用非损伤性贝类DNA提取方法来对野生种群的三门血蚶进行筛选,获得的个体作为亲本来育种。
所述的微卫星标记(microsatellite marker),又称为简单重复序列标记(SimpleSequence Repeats,SSR),是包含重复核苷酸序列的共显性多态性DNA基因座,通常每个重复单位有2到10个核苷酸。对于单个微卫星基因座内的大多数重复,重复单元中的核苷酸数量是相同的,但特定基因座的重复数量可能不同,从而产生不同长度的等位基因,这可以通过毛细管电泳的片段分析进行分析。
哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harvey)是一种革兰氏阴性菌,本实施例中的哈维氏弧菌来源于宁波大学海洋学院保藏的,从病死泥蚶中筛选获得的哈维氏弧菌。
实施例1:筛选哈维氏弧菌抗性血蚶群体与易感群体
1)实验用血蚶的暂养
2020年4月从浙江省三门县涛头村的泥蚶养殖区获得泥蚶200颗进行哈维氏弧菌浸泡感染实验。
实验所用的泥蚶的壳长为20.34±1.26mm,重量8.23±1.37g,将用于实验的泥蚶清洗后,用浓度为5mg/L的高锰酸钾溶液浸泡10min进行消毒,然后将泥蚶置于室内暂养一周,暂养时使用砂滤海水,海水盐度22,温度27℃。暂养期间进行连续充气,每24h换水一次,每日早晚投喂硅藻,投喂密度为5×104个/mL。
2)制备哈维氏弧菌的发酵菌液
将哈维氏弧菌菌株划线于LB固体培养基上,27℃培养18h后挑取单菌落到100mL的2216E液体培养基中,在150r/min、27℃摇床中培养24h制成种子液。将种子液再按照1:100的比例加入大体积2216E液体培养基中进行培养,培养24h后离心获得哈维氏弧菌的发酵菌体。
3)浸泡感染实验
将发酵的哈维氏弧菌按照浓度1×107CFU/mL添加至砂滤海水中,在200L海水中放入收集的三门血蚶进行浸泡感染实验。感染期间海水温度保持在27℃,每天早晚定时投喂硅藻一次。浸泡感染实验期间保持水体中的哈维氏弧菌数量;浸泡感染一周时间,并随时收集死亡开口三门血蚶作为易感群体准备提取DNA。
在第一次浸泡感染实验结束后,不再补充哈维氏弧菌,通过换水稀释哈维氏弧菌的浓度。再正常养殖两周后,再次进行哈维氏弧菌感染实验,将14颗存活下的泥蚶作为抗性群体继续养殖,作为亲本来进行泥蚶苗种育种的亲本。
实施例2提取抗性群体与易感群体中血蚶个体的基因组DNA
对于收集的186颗易感群体的泥蚶个体,因为已经死亡,所以采用常规的贝类组织DNA提取方法,具体提取步骤如下:
将186颗易感群体的泥蚶个体分为10组(每组18颗,其中六组组为19颗),然后将各组的泥蚶个体的闭壳肌按等比混合,用液氮研磨,研磨粉按质量体积比mg:μL为1:7进行混合,再加入60℃预热的CTAB提取缓冲液(100mmol/L Tris-HCI、1.4mol/L NaCl、20mmol/LEDTA、2%CTAB、8μL 20mg/mL的蛋白酶K),在55℃水浴槽中进行提取。提取30min后,在提取液中加入等体积的苯酚:氯仿(1:1)混合液,颠倒多次使溶液混合均匀,然后再12000r/min离心15min,取上清再加入2μL 20m g/mL的RNase A酶来降解RNA,水浴30min,加入等体积氯仿离心,重复上步直至上清液澄清无浑浊,取上清用乙醇沉淀法回收DNA,晾干沉淀,加入30μL TE缓冲液溶解沉淀。
而对于抗性群体的泥蚶个体,由于还要用于作为育苗的亲本,因此采用无损伤取样的方法来提取基因组DNA,具体方法的步骤如下:
1)首先轻缓地使泥蚶的贝壳张开约10mm的距离,用解剖剪在距鳃丝基部三分之一处剪取1-2根鳃丝;
2)向剪取的鳃丝组织中加入细胞裂解液(100mM NaCl、10mM Tris-HCl和1mMEDTA),使鳃丝悬浮于所述细胞裂解液中,每mg的鳃丝组织加入100μl的裂解液,再向细胞裂解液中添加蛋白酶K和SDS,置于50℃的水浴中消化至裂解液变澄清;
3)将提取液置于沸水浴中煮沸以灭活蛋白酶K,冷却后,12000rpm离心10min,吸取上清液即为提取的DNA溶液。
将抗性群体与易感群体的DNA样品使用0.8%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行检测(图1),结果表明对抗性群体使用无损伤取样方式提取的DNA能够满足基因检测的要求,并用分光光度计检测DNA质量和浓度,DNA样品保存于-20℃备用。
实施例3:对抗性群体与易感群体进行微卫星标记扩增检测
进行检测所使用的微卫星标记是宁波大学海洋学院的泥蚶课题组筛选获得的。微卫星扩增PCR反应总体积为20μL,其中模板基因组DNA20ng,其它组分根据Taq酶(Takara)说明书要求,在正向引物5’端标记荧光素。PCR扩增程序为:95℃预变性5min;然后进行35个循环,每个循环包括94℃变性30s,56℃退火30s,72℃延伸1min;最后72℃延伸7min。
扩增产物用ABI3730XL的DNA分析仪进行自动荧光检测,用Ge nemapper4.0软件生成每个引物对的扩增产物的图谱文件,分析每个PCR扩增产物的长度与荧光强度峰值,获得每个样品的基因型。
通过比较抗性群体的14个个体和易感群体的扩增基因型,结果位点T214D5、TMP-hq-03、TMP-yqw-21分别在抗体群体的个体中扩增出了特定的基因型片段。
1、位点TMP12在抗性群体中扩增出了特异的171bp的片段,而在易感群体的10个样品组中并没有该特异片段的扩增产物A(图2)。
位点TMP12的核苷酸序列如下:
TTCTTGTAGGTTTGTCCGCTAAATCTATGTCTTTTTTCTTGTTCTCCTTCCTTTCCTTTCTTGCACGTCTTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTGCTTTTTCTTCTTCTTTTTTTTCTTCTTCTTCATAAATATTTGATT(SEQ ID NO:1);
其核心重复为(TCT)n,使用序列如下的引物对在三门血蚶抗体群体中扩增出n的数目主要为18,而在非抗性群体中并不存在该核心重复数目的扩增片段。
引物对的序列如下:
上游引物:5′-TTCTTGTAGGTTTGTCCGCT-3′(SEQ ID NO:2)、
下游引物:5′-AATCAAATATTTATGAAG-3′(SEQ ID NO:3);
该引物对在抗性群体中扩增出165/171、171/171基因型,其频率如下表1所示。
表1:位点TMP12在抗性群体中的基因型频率表
2、位点TMP-hq-03在抗性群体中扩增出了特异的208bp的片段,而在易感群体的10个样品组中并没有该特异片段的扩增产物(图3)。
位点TMP-hq-03的核苷酸序列如下:
TCTCAGTCCAATCAAATCTGCATCCAAATTTTGATAAAAGCTTACATTCACCTTGTGGTGGCTAGCTGCTATATATCATCATTTATTATTAGATTAGATTAAGATAGTGCTTTATTCCCCAGATAATCTTTCACGAGAGAGAGA GAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGTATGTATGTTTCATGAGCATGAGAGGGAGAGAGATCTAAAG(SEQ ID NO:4);
其核心重复为(GA)n,在抗性群体中扩增出了特异的208bp的片段,即n为16,而在易感群体中并没有该特异片段的扩增产物。
扩增特异性的208bp的片段所使用的引物对的序列信息如下:
上游引物:5′-TCTCAGTCCAATCAAATCTGC-3′(SEQ ID NO:5)、
下游引物:5′-CTTTAGATCTCTCTCCCTC-3′(SEQ ID NO:6)。
3、位点TMP-yqw-21在抗性群体中扩增出了特异的250bp的片段,而在易感群体的10个样品组中并没有该特异片段的扩增产物(图4)。
位点TMP-yqw-21的核苷酸序列如下:
CGAAACAGTGATAATTTAACAAAATTATTAACCTCATTTTAACTAAAAGAATAAAAAGTAGTATCCATTTTGGTGATATATCGCACACACAGACACACCTGAGAGTAATGATGAAGCCCTATGTAGCGTTATATAACCATTCATTGATATATATATATATATATATATATATATACAGTGGAATCTGTTTAAACTAAACACCTTCAGTACTGAAGAATTTGTTCAGATTAGACAGGTATTCAGTTTAGAC(SEQ ID NO:7);
其核心重复为(AT)n,使用序列为SEQ ID NO:8和SEQ ID NO:9的引物对在三门血蚶抗体群体中扩增出n为18的特异性条带,而在非抗性群体中并不存在该核心重复数目的扩增片段。
使用的引物对的序列如下:
上游引物:5′-CGAAACAGTGATAATTTAAC-3′(SEQ ID NO:8)、
下游引物:5′-GTCTAAACTGAATACCTGTC-3′(SEQ ID NO:9);
使用上述的引物对,在抗性群体的14个个体中扩增出了238/250、242/250和250/250基因型,其频率如表2所示。
表2:位点TMP-yqw-21在抗性群体中的基因型频率表
实施例4:使用抗性群体的泥蚶作为亲本来进行育苗
将筛选的抗性群体的泥蚶的14颗个体作为亲本来进行育苗,并对其子代个体进行哈维氏弧菌浸泡实验。
将14颗抗性群体的泥蚶在养殖池中进行促熟培养,养殖池中预先铺有5cm左右的海泥。养殖海水进行沙滤、消毒处理,水体盐度25%,控制水温不超过26℃不低于24℃,每天换水30%。在换水后投喂饵料,包含有小硅藻、假微型海链藻等硅藻。培育到泥蚶亲贝的内脏团被性腺完全覆盖,其中雌性泥蚶的颜色呈现明显桔红色,雄性泥蚶呈现乳白色。
将性腺发育好的亲蚶取出,洗净,放在催产筐内置于阴凉处阴干,亲贝阴干后放入27℃、盐度20%的海水中催产孵化,将D形幼虫培养至浮游幼虫附着后在水泥池中进行稚贝培养,其中使用盐度20的自然海水经沙滤后入池,加入经高温烘干并经尼龙筛绢过滤后的海泥,水温保持27-28℃。
选取100颗孵化后养殖20d的稚贝进行浸泡实验,参照实施例1中的浸泡方法进行实验,收集死亡的稚贝。
通过TMP12、TMP-hq-03、TMP-yqw-21三个位点的检测,结果表明死亡的稚贝中只是少数个体检测到了特定的扩增片段,而存活群体中171/171、208/208、250/250基因型的个体数目占多数,显示这三个微卫星位点存在着杂交后基因分离的现象。
因此,本发明所提供的三个微卫星位点可用于筛选具有弧菌抗性的泥蚶个体,从而为泥蚶的定向育种提供有用的分子标记。
Claims (2)
1.一种与血蚶弧菌抗性相关联的分子标记组合物,其特征在于,所述的分子标记组合物由三个分子标记组成,其核苷酸序列分别为SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:4和SEQ ID NO:7。
2.检测权利要求1所述的分子标记的制剂在筛选具有弧菌抗性的血蚶个体中的应用,所述的制剂为PCR扩增引物对;
其中检测核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO:1的分子标记的引物对,其上游引物的序列为SEQID NO:2,下游引物的序列为SEQ ID NO:3;
检测核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO:4的分子标记的引物对,其上游引物的序列为SEQ IDNO:5,下游引物的序列为SEQ ID NO:6;
检测核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO:7的分子标记的引物对,其上游引物的序列为SEQ IDNO:8,下游引物的序列为SEQ ID NO:9。
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