CN117263848A - 一种雷芬那辛的吸入喷雾剂 - Google Patents
一种雷芬那辛的吸入喷雾剂 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/60—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D211/62—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals attached in position 4
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
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- A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4545—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pipamperone, anabasine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/13—Crystalline forms, e.g. polymorphs
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新的雷芬那辛三水合物及其制成的吸入喷雾剂。所述雷芬那辛三水合物在水溶液中溶解时间短,不易与容器发生粘附,极大的满足了在大生产设备上操作的可行性。将雷芬那辛三水合物制成吸入喷雾剂,相较于已上市的吸入溶液剂,可缩短给药时间,同时提高药物入肺量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物制剂领域,具体涉及一种新的雷芬那辛三水合物及其相应的吸入喷雾剂。
背景技术
慢性阻塞性肺病是一种具有气流阻塞特征的慢性支气管炎和(或)肺气肿,可进一步发展为肺心病和呼吸衰竭的常见慢性疾病。与有害气体及有害颗粒的异常炎症反应有关,致残率和病死率很高,全球40岁以上发病率已高达9%~10%。慢性阻塞性肺病是一种常见的以持续气流受限为特征的可以预防和治疗的疾病,气流受限进行性发展,与气道和肺脏对有毒颗粒或气体的慢性炎性反应增强有关。另有分析显示,到2020年,COPD将从现在的全球死因的第六位攀升至第三位。临床上COPD的治疗药物主要包括长效β2-受体激动剂(LABA)、长效抗胆碱能药物(LAMA)和类固醇激素这几类,这些药物采用局部肺部吸入给药,疗效佳且安全性好。
雷芬那辛(revefenacin)是一种长效毒蕈碱拮抗剂,通常被称为抗胆碱能药,它通过与支气管平滑肌上的M3毒蕈碱受体结合,抑制副交感神经末端释放乙酰胆碱所造成的气管收缩,临床主要用于慢性阻塞性肺病的维持治疗,包括慢性支气管炎、肺气肿伴随呼吸困难的维持治疗及急性发作的预防。
雷芬那辛作为世界上第一个1次/d的吸入性肺选择性LAMA,能明显提高FEV1,改善COPD症状,疗效较好。且雷芬那辛的不良反应一般轻微,总体耐受性良好。
现有上市制剂为吸入用雷芬那辛溶液,由爱尔兰Theravance生物制药公司与美国Mylan制药联合开发制剂,2018年11月经美国FDA批准上市,商品名为Yupelri。临床使用时一般要求雾化时间控制在10分钟以内。众所周知,吸入溶液剂雾化后在肺部的沉积率非常低,约为10%~20%,大部分患者只能在医院进行雾化治疗,设备体积较大,不方便携带,大大降低了给药的便捷性,影响治疗效果。吸入喷雾剂的肺部沉积率高于吸入溶液剂,并且给药时间短,方便携带,可很好的满足临床给药需求。
由于吸入喷雾剂每次给药体积很小,药液浓度需要高于吸入液体制剂的药液浓度,因此对药物的溶解性和稳定性要求更高。雷芬那辛水溶性差,不稳定,需要对雷芬那辛的溶剂化物或者晶型进行进一步研究,以期获得水溶性较高且稳定的雷芬那辛,满足制剂开发需求。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术不足,提供了一种新的雷芬那辛三水合物及其制成的吸入喷雾剂。所述雷芬那辛三水合物在水溶液中溶解时间短,不易与容器发生粘附,极大的满足了在大生产设备上操作的可行性。同时雷芬那辛三水合物的晶型形态具有更好的稳定性,提高了制剂的稳定性。
本发明技术方案如下:
雷芬那辛三水合物,具有以下结构式:
本发明另一目的在于提供一种雷芬那辛的吸入喷雾剂,以雷芬那辛三水合物为活性成分。
本发明所述的喷雾剂,包括溶剂、渗透压调节剂、防腐剂中的一种或几种。
优选的,所述溶剂pH值为4.0~6.0,所述的渗透压调节剂选自氯化钠和/或葡萄糖;所述防腐剂可选苯扎溴铵、苯扎氯铵、苯甲酸或其盐中的一种或几种。
进一步优选的,所述溶剂为柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液或醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液。
所述柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液或醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液浓度为1mM~50mM。
进一步的,所述雷芬那辛三水合物具有如下特征晶型:X-射线粉末衍射图谱2θ衍射角度在4.8±0.2°、12.8±0.2°、16.8±0.2°、18.7±0.2°、20.8±0.2°、21.4±0.2°、25.6±0.2°处具有特征峰,水分含量为7%~9%。
进一步的,所述雷芬那辛三水合物X-射线粉末衍射图谱2θ衍射角度在9.3±0.2°、9.7±0.2°、13.4±0.2°、13.8±0.2°、14.1±0.2°、16.2±0.2°、17.5±0.2°、18.2±0.2°、19.5±0.2°、22.2±0.2°、22.4±0.2°、23.2±0.2°、23.4±0.2°、24.2±0.2°、26.5±0.2°、27.5±0.2°、28.5±0.2°、29.3±0.2°处具有特征峰。
下表为雷芬那辛三水合物X-射线粉末衍射图谱特征峰位置和所计算d间距,仅报告具有大于10%相对强度的所述峰。
所述雷芬那辛三水合物具有如图1所示的X-射线粉末衍射峰图谱。
本发明所述的雷芬那辛吸入喷雾剂中雷芬那辛三水合物的浓度以雷芬那辛无水物计为0.4mg/ml~4.5mg/ml;渗透压调节剂的重量百分含量为0.60%~0.95%;防腐剂的重量百分含量为0.05%~0.2%。
本发明另一目的在于提供所述的雷芬那辛三水合物或雷芬那辛的吸入喷雾剂在制备治疗慢性阻塞性肺病、慢性支气管炎、肺气肿药物中的应用。
本发明所述雷芬那辛三水合物可采用如下方法制备而成:
将雷芬那辛100g加入到5000ml三口瓶中,加入丙酮(400g)-水(1000g)溶液,升温至30℃~50℃至固体溶解,降温至10℃~20℃,搅拌约6h,过滤,20℃~50℃,-0.08MPa~-0.1MPa真空干燥10h,得雷芬那辛三水合物。
本发明所述吸入喷雾剂制备方法如下:
(1)取处方量氯化钠,加入到20~30℃注射用水中,搅拌至完全溶解
(2)加入缓冲液,使pH至4.0~6.0;
(3)加入处方量的雷芬那辛三水合物,搅拌溶解;
(4)加入苯扎氯铵溶液;
(5)加入剩余量的注射用水,定容混合;
(6)药液经0.22μm过滤器除菌,灌装至安瓿瓶中,封口,包装即得。
本发明优点:
本发明对雷芬那辛进行了研究,意外获得了雷芬那辛三水合物,并进一步获得其晶型,相对于原研制剂公布的游离碱具有更优的溶解性和稳定性。将雷芬那辛三水合物制成吸入喷雾剂,相较于已上市的吸入溶液剂,可缩短给药时间,同时提高药物入肺量。本发明所述雷芬那辛吸入喷雾剂中药物浓度高且制剂具有良好的化学稳定性,在体内具有很好的肺部沉积率,肺部沉积率是上市制剂的2~3倍。本吸入喷雾剂仅需一喷,给药时间短,约10s即可完成给药,且无刺激性,可以很好地满足临床的需求。
附图说明
图1为雷芬那辛三水合物的X-射线粉末衍射图谱。
图2为雷芬那辛三水合物的热重分析(TG)图谱。
图3为现有技术1雷芬那辛的热重分析(TG)图谱。
图4为雷芬那辛一水合物、三水合物以及游离碱加入水中的分散状态。。
图5为雷芬那辛三水合物在放大设备上的溶解性考察的取样示意图。
图6为本发明雷芬那辛三水合物吸入喷雾剂对呼吸道局部(鼻、喉、气管、支气管)的刺激考察结果。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)雷芬那辛三水合物的制备
将雷芬那辛100g加入到5000ml三口瓶中,加入丙酮/水(400g/1000g),控温15℃~20℃,搅拌约6h,过滤,20℃~50℃,-0.08MPa~-0.1MPa真空干燥10h,对产物进行PXRD、水分、TG、纯度、元素分析检测。
X-射线粉末衍射(PXRD):型号Empyrean,步宽0.026°,步长时间50s。
卡氏水分仪:型号梅特勒V20,混合时间30s,转速45%。测试方法:每次取样100mg,加入卡氏水分仪滴定杯,每个样品平行测试3组,取平均值为水分测试结果。
热重分析仪(TG):型号TG209F3,氮气吹扫气20ml/min,保护气20ml/min。升温速率10K/min。温度范围25℃-400℃。
高效液相色谱仪(HPLC):型号Waters e2695,流动相A:0.01mol/L磷酸二氢铵溶液(磷酸调至pH 2.95),抽滤超声即得。流动相B:乙腈,柱温:40℃,检测波长:230nm,色谱柱:YMC Triart C18柱(4.6mm×150mm,3μm)。
溶液制备:
(1)稀释剂:乙腈:流动相A=20:80。
(2)供试品溶液:取本品10mg,精密称定,置20ml量瓶中,加入适量稀释剂使其完全溶解,用稀释剂稀释至刻度,摇匀,作为供试品溶液。
洗脱梯度:
时间(min) | 流动相A% | 流动相B% |
0 | 85 | 15 |
3 | 85 | 15 |
30 | 35 | 65 |
35 | 35 | 65 |
37 | 85 | 15 |
45 | 85 | 15 |
实验结果如表1和表2所示,结果显示本发明制备得到的是雷芬那辛三水合物,其元素分析检测值与理论值相符。
表1雷芬那辛三水合物检测结果
序号 | 收率 | 纯度 | 水分 | 溶剂残留* |
1 | 95.45% | 99.82% | 8.40% | 0.01% |
2 | 94.40% | 99.85% | 8.39% | 未检出 |
3 | 96.85% | 99.83% | 8.35% | 未检出 |
4 | 95.45% | 99.82% | 8.41% | 未检出 |
5 | 96.54% | 99.85% | 8.44% | 未检出 |
6 | 96.80% | 99.80% | 8.38% | 0.01% |
*检出限度为0.01%
表2雷芬那辛三水合物元素分析
C(%) | H(%) | N(%) | |
雷芬那辛三水合物批次1 | 64.30 | 7.18 | 10.63 |
雷芬那辛三水合物批次2 | 64.34 | 7.47 | 10.45 |
检测平均值 | 64.32 | 7.32 | 10.54 |
理论值 | 64.50 | 7.58 | 10.74 |
(2)现有技术1(参照中国专利文献CN101163677A)
将5.04g雷芬那辛溶解在14.4ml水∶乙腈(1∶1)混合溶剂中。将悬浮液留在小瓶中(将盖松松地放在上端)以允许更慢的蒸发时间。在4℃冷藏小瓶6天,得到的沉淀物经过滤后35~40℃进行真空干燥以除去全部溶剂,得到白色固体即为雷芬那辛晶型Ⅰ,热重分析(TG)曲线如图3所示,经研究确证为一水合物。
(3)现有技术2(参照中国专利文献CN102470130A)
将雷芬那辛游离碱(3.07g)溶解于乙腈(15mL)中。将溶液于室温下搅拌80分钟并形成白色固体沉淀。将混合物放置于振荡器区(block)中以热循环(在1小时区中0℃到40℃)48小时。观察到白色致密静止固体。添加乙腈(15mL)以使浆液流动。然后将混合物放置回振荡器区中并保持2小时。通过使用烧结漏斗的真空过滤分离固体,随后在35~40℃真空干燥15.5小时,从而制得雷芬那辛游离碱晶型III。
实施例2雷芬那辛的溶解性考察
将实施例1制备的不同雷芬那辛,在实验室条件下考察溶解性。
图4A和4B分别为现有技术1雷芬那辛一水合物和本发明雷芬那辛三水合物的溶解过程,搅拌后,原料分散在水中,图4C为现有技术2雷芬那辛游离碱的溶解过程,原料粘附在器具上,且粘附面积较大。上述结果显示,雷芬那辛游离碱溶解时间最长,因为粘附性较大,增大了可能含量不均匀的风险。但在大生产设备上,因为视野及配制罐体积较大,其溶解情况就很难被观察到。进一步考察在放大设备上的溶解性,进行如下试验:
取样示意如图5所示。
结果显示,在放大生产设备上,现有技术2雷芬那辛游离碱溶解时间较长,至目测无明显不溶堆积物时间长达2.25小时,从含量结果看,含量明显偏低且极其不均匀,其底部浓度略大,可见应还有部分未溶解完全。
继续搅拌30min、45min、60min取样检测含量。
含量检测方法(HPLC法):
色谱柱:Waters Xbridge C18,4.6mm×150mm,3.5μm;
检测波长:220nm;
流速:1.5ml/min;
柱温:40℃;
进样量:10μl;
流动相:高氯酸钠缓冲液[称取无水高氯酸钠6.12g,加水1000ml溶解,摇匀,用高氯酸溶液(1→10)调节pH值至2.5)-乙腈(70:30);
稀释剂:乙腈-水(3:7)。
对照品溶液:取雷芬那辛工作对照品,精密称定,置量瓶中,加稀释剂溶解并稀释至刻度。
供试品溶液:取本品药液适量,置进样小瓶中,即得。
结果如表3所示。
表3
取样点 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 均值 | RSD |
30min | 77.6% | 80.2% | 82.4% | 81.9% | 76.1% | 85.6% | 89.9% | 82.0% | 5.7% |
50min | 97.3% | 98.9% | 98.4% | 99.1% | 98.9% | 97.8% | 99.5% | 98.6% | 0.8% |
60min | 98.5% | 99.4% | 99.8% | 98.9% | 99.0% | 99.2% | 99.7% | 99.2% | 0.5% |
结果显示,现有技术2雷芬那辛游离碱继续搅拌50min后,含量可达到95%以上,药液也比较均匀,基本符合要求。因此现有技术2雷芬那辛游离碱需要搅拌约3个小时才能溶解完全,耗时耗能。可知现有技术2雷芬那辛游离碱从溶解性能上明显差于本发明所述雷芬那辛三水合物。
实施例3、不同雷芬那辛的稳定性考察
将不同雷芬那辛分别进行灌装于低密度聚乙烯瓶中,封口,包装。放置在高温60℃条件下,于10天、30天取样检测,结果见下:
3、不同原料稳定性考察
由高温考察结果可知,本发明所述雷芬那辛三水合物在溶液状态下的稳定性明显优于现有技术1雷芬那辛一水合物和现有技术2雷芬那辛游离碱。
实施例4、雷芬那辛吸入喷雾剂制备及稳定性考察
名称 | 处方1 | 处方2 | 处方3 |
雷芬那辛三水合物 | 0.4g | 4.5g | 4.5g |
氯化钠 | 9g | 9g | 9g |
苯扎氯铵 | 1g | 1g | 1g |
枸橼酸 | 1.5g | 1.5g | / |
枸橼酸钠 | 3.8g | 3.8g | / |
醋酸 | / | / | 0.5ml |
醋酸钠 | / | / | 1.7g |
注射用水 | 至1000ml | 至1000ml | 至1000ml |
(1)取处方量氯化钠,加入到30℃以下的注射用水中,搅拌至完全溶解;
(2)加入处方量的枸橼酸-枸橼酸钠或者醋酸-醋酸钠;
(3)加入处方量的雷芬那辛三水合物,搅拌溶解;
(4)加入苯扎氯铵溶液;
(5)加入剩余量的注射用水,定容混合;
(6)药液经0.22μm过滤器除菌,灌装至安瓿瓶中,封口,包装即得。
将处方1~处方3样品放置于加速条件下(40℃,RH75%),考察产品稳定性。三个处方在加速条件下,基本无明显变化。
实施例5、雷芬那辛三水合物吸入喷雾剂空气动力学特性测定
照吸入制剂微细粒子空气动力学特性测定法(中国药典2020年版四部通则0951)分别测定已上市制剂(商品名:Yupelri,规格3ml:175μg)吸入用雷芬那辛溶液和实施例4雷芬那辛吸入喷雾剂(处方2)的APSD。
检测项目 | 上市制剂 | 处方2 |
微细粒子含量 | 34.06% | 73.28% |
MMAD | 4.486μm | 3.274μm |
GSD | 2.165% | 1.530% |
注:上市制剂为美国上市的吸入用雷芬那辛溶液,厂家为Mylan。
药物颗粒的大小是影响肺部沉积率的重要因素,一般认为理想的药物颗粒粒径应≤5μm。本品处方2吸入喷雾剂释放的软雾中约73.28%的为细颗粒,中值粒径(MMAD)约3.327μm,粒径分布范围更为集中,其GSD更接近于1;而上市制剂雾化的34.06%为细颗粒,吸入喷雾剂是上市制剂的2~3倍,上市制剂的中值粒径高于本品,且粒径分布跨度较大。本品吸入喷雾剂在肺部的沉积率高于已上市制剂。
实施例6、大鼠组织和血浆分布试验
制剂:已上市制剂(商品名:Yupelri,规格3ml:175μg)吸入用雷芬那辛溶液和实施例4雷芬那辛吸入喷雾剂(处方2)
给药频率:单次给药
给药途径:经口鼻吸入
试验动物:SD大鼠
分组:共20只雄性SD大鼠,分为两组,分别给予上市制剂吸入用雷芬那辛溶液、实施例4雷芬那辛吸入喷雾剂,给药剂量44μg/kg。分别于给药后1.5h,采集大鼠肺和血液样本,进行检测。
组织分布 | 已上市制剂吸入用雷芬那辛溶液 | 雷芬那辛吸入喷雾剂 |
肺(ng/g) | 1152±825 | 2537±677 |
血浆(ng/ml) | <0.25 | <0.25 |
肺血比例 | >4690 | >10148 |
肺中的定量下限为20ng/g,血液中的定量下限为0.25ng/mL
由上述动物组织分布试验可知,吸入给药1.5h后,雷芬那辛吸入喷雾剂在药效部位肺的浓度显著高于已上市制剂吸入用雷芬那辛溶液。
实施例7、安全性评价试验
取健康SPF级SD大鼠36只,按性别和体重采用分层随机法分为空白对照组、处方2组和上市制剂组,每组12只,雌雄各半。大鼠每日雾化1次,每次30min,连续给药7天。首次雾化吸入时,抽取处方2组和上市制剂组大鼠给药装置内雾化后的含药气体进行浓度分析(用于计算理论给药量)和空气动力学粒径分析。试验期间每日观察并记录动物临床症状。于给药期第1天(即D1)、第7天以及恢复期第1天(即rD1)和第7天测定动物体重。分别于末次给药后1天(D8)和恢复期结束后1天(rD8),对计划解剖动物麻醉后安乐处死,大体解剖观察呼吸道局部(鼻、喉、气管、支气管)黏膜、肺组织有无充血、水肿等症状,确定呼吸道黏膜刺激反应级;并取鼻、喉、气管、支气管、肺组织固定后进行组织病理学检查。
结果如图6所示。结果显示,在本试验条件下,SD大鼠吸入处方2制剂,呼吸道(鼻、喉、气管、支气管)黏膜和肺组织未见明显刺激性反应。在同等给药条件下,上市制剂也未引起大鼠呼吸道(鼻、喉、气管、支气管)黏膜和肺组织明显刺激性反应。
可见,雷芬那辛三水合物吸入喷雾剂无任何刺激性。
Claims (10)
1.雷芬那辛三水合物,其特征在于具有以下结构式:
2.一种雷芬那辛的吸入喷雾剂,其特征在于以权利要求1所述的雷芬那辛三水合物为活性成分。
3.如权利要求2所述的吸入喷雾剂,其特征在于包括溶剂、渗透压调节剂、防腐剂中的一种或几种。
4.如权利要求3所述的吸入喷雾剂,其特征在于所述溶剂pH值为4.0~6.0,所述的渗透压调节剂选自氯化钠和/或葡萄糖;所述防腐剂可选苯扎溴铵、苯扎氯铵、苯甲酸或其盐中的一种或几种。
5.如权利要求3所述的吸入喷雾剂,其特征在于所述溶剂为柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液或醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液。
6.如权利要求5所述的吸入喷雾剂,其特征在于所述柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液或醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液浓度为1mM~50mM。
7.如权利要求2所述的吸入喷雾剂,其特征在于所述雷芬那辛三水合物具有如下特征晶型:X-射线粉末衍射图谱2θ衍射角度在4.8±0.2°、12.8±0.2°、16.8±0.2°、18.7±0.2°、20.8±0.2°、21.4±0.2°、25.6±0.2°处具有特征峰,水分含量为7%~9%。
8.如权利要求7所述的吸入喷雾剂,其特征在于所述雷芬那辛三水合物X-射线粉末衍射图谱2θ衍射角度进一步在9.3±0.2°、9.7±0.2°、13.4±0.2°、13.8±0.2°、14.1±0.2°、16.2±0.2°、17.5±0.2°、18.2±0.2°、19.5±0.2°、22.2±0.2°、22.4±0.2°、23.2±0.2°、23.4±0.2°、24.2±0.2°、26.5±0.2°、27.5±0.2°、28.5±0.2°、29.3±0.2°处具有特征峰。
9.如权利要求3所述的吸入喷雾剂,其特征在于雷芬那辛三水合物浓度以雷芬那辛无水物计为0.4mg/ml~4.5mg/ml;渗透压调节剂的重量百分含量为0.60%~0.95%;防腐剂的重量百分含量为0.05%~0.2%。
10.权利要求1所述的雷芬那辛三水合物或权利要求2-9任一项所述的雷芬那辛的吸入喷雾剂在制备治疗慢性阻塞性肺病、慢性支气管炎、肺气肿药物中的应用。
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