CN117257723A - 预防术后粘连与肿瘤复发的多功能水凝胶制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
预防术后粘连与肿瘤复发的多功能水凝胶制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于医药领域,提供了一种预防术后粘连与肿瘤复发的多功能水凝胶制备方法与应用。设计了siRNA与他莫昔芬共递送的细胞膜脂质体‑鱼精蛋白‑透明质酸仿生纳米复合颗粒,内部是小干扰RNA与鱼精蛋白压缩成的纳米颗粒,外部为负载他莫昔芬的阳离子脂质体,以实现双药共同递送,减少化疗全身毒性的同时消灭残留细胞,增加对他莫昔芬治疗的敏感性,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡。针对上述所提到的术后粘连等不良预后,拟采用负载间充质干细胞的透明质酸凝胶预防术后粘连,改善术后环境,透明质酸具有良好生物相容性,既作为物理屏障有效预防粘连的形成,其中负载的干细胞还可以促进伤口愈合,改善炎症从而多方面改善预后。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,特别涉及预防术后粘连与肿瘤复发的多功能水凝胶制备方法与应用。
背景技术
公开该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解,而不必然被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已经成为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
卵巢癌是是严重威胁女性健康的恶性肿瘤。多数患者经肿瘤细胞减灭术和化疗药物治疗后仍会复发,最终发展为化疗耐药性疾病。
最新的卵巢癌诊疗指南指出对化疗无效或者不耐受的患者可采用激素治疗。雌激素受体在卵巢肿瘤的生长和转移中占据重要地位,在40%~80%的卵巢癌细胞中表达,当雌激素与之结合后可促进癌细胞的存活和增殖。激素治疗药物有可能成为复发性或耐药性卵巢癌的替代治疗手段,为卵巢癌患者提供化疗以外的其他备选方案,以改善预后。他莫昔芬是目前临床应用的雌激素调节剂,其能与雌二醇竞争雌激素受体,与雌激素受体形成稳定的复合物,并转运入核内,阻止染色体基因开放,从而使癌细胞的生长和发育受到抑制。
然而,即使激素治疗可以大幅度减少全身毒性,但内在或获得性抵抗依然难以避免,相当大比例的患者会出现雌激素非依赖性生长,导致激素治疗耐药。研究证明,MAPK信号传导与他莫昔芬耐药有关,这是一种经典的调节各种细胞功能(包括细胞增殖、存活)的信号通路,该通路激活会降低他莫昔芬治疗的反应和有效性,导致预后不良,反之抑制该通路可以维持细胞对激素治疗的敏感性,有效防止耐药的形成。但当前以siRNA为代表的核酸药物的研发应用面临着重要挑战。核酸药物想要进入体内并发挥药理功能,在递送过程主要面临三类挑战:一是由于核酸酶的存在,此类药物极不稳定;二是潜在的脱靶副作用可能带来不可忽视的毒性和炎症反应;三是进入作用靶点困难,由于siRNA为水溶性负电荷核酸短链,难以穿过脂质双分子层细胞膜,且进入细胞后难以实现溶酶体/内体逃逸。
术后粘连作为腹部和盆腔手术的重要临床并发症,最常见是由腹部外科手术引起,发生率高达90%,粘连的形成涉及缺血、炎症、血管生成和组织修复等多因素。术后粘连也是卵巢癌复发的影响因素之一,粘连的形成涉及缺血、炎症、血管生成和组织修复等多因素.此外,肿瘤切除术后患者较虚弱,一般需在术后2周才能进行化疗或放疗,辅助治疗的延时性可能导致错过杀灭残余肿瘤细胞的最佳时期。因此,采取措施防止粘连产生,及时的消灭残留的肿瘤细胞,是改善预后、防止复发的关键。
目前防术后粘连最常见的非手术方法主要是药物治疗和生物材料屏障给药,但只能在一定程度上减轻或减少粘连,并不能促进腹膜等受损组织的修复。抗炎药和抗凝剂在内的局部或系统药物治疗会在腹膜腔中迅速代谢,这大大降低其预防效果。现有生物材料屏障产品疗效不佳:例如,Interceed和Seprafilm等人工膜屏障产品不能完全覆盖不规则损伤创伤,在实践中不方便;可注射聚合物溶液屏障如Adept(艾考糊精溶液)在局部腹膜创伤中保留时间短。因此,亟待发明一种性能更好、抗粘连效果更好的新型生物材料。
发明内容
为改善临床术后肿瘤细胞残留,化疗全身毒性大、易耐药,导致肿瘤复发率高的临床困境,本发明提供了一种预防术后粘连与肿瘤复发的多功能水凝胶制备方法与应用。设计了siRNA与他莫昔芬共递送的细胞膜脂质体-鱼精蛋白-透明质酸仿生纳米复合颗粒,内部是小干扰RNA与鱼精蛋白压缩成的纳米颗粒,外部为负载他莫昔芬的阳离子脂质体,以实现双药共同递送,减少化疗全身毒性的同时消灭残留细胞,增加对他莫昔芬治疗的敏感性,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡。针对上述所提到的术后粘连等不良预后,拟采用负载间充质干细胞的透明质酸凝胶预防术后粘连,改善术后环境,透明质酸具有良好生物相容性,既作为物理屏障有效预防粘连的形成,其中负载的干细胞还可以促进伤口愈合,改善炎症从而多方面改善预后。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明的第一个方面,提供了一种预防术后粘连与肿瘤复发的多功能水凝胶,包括:
细胞膜脂质体-鱼精蛋白-透明质酸仿生纳米复合颗粒;
间充质干细胞;
透明质酸凝胶;
所述透明质酸凝胶中负载有所述细胞膜脂质体-鱼精蛋白-透明质酸仿生纳米复合颗粒和间充质干细胞;
所述水凝胶的分子量为1000-200万;
间充质干细胞的浓度在1000-1000万/ml。
水凝胶制剂作为肿瘤术后局部递药系统已成为近年来抗肿瘤药物递送研究的热门方向,将水凝胶自身特点优势与临床需求结合起来,通过对基质材料的设计来赋予凝胶多种理化性质以改善术后环境,通过对包载治疗剂的搭配组合实现多种途径相结合的抗肿瘤目的。凝胶优势在于能够使药物直接定位于术后创面,填补空腔、预防粘连;提高病灶处的药物浓度,缓慢释药,降低全身给药毒性,并填补手术与全身化疗之间的空白期,有望成为改善患者预后的更理想的术后治疗方案。
目前透明质酸被广泛用作生物材料、药物释放载体及预防黏连物理屏障等是一种天然存在的糖胺聚糖,作为细胞外基质的主要成分,负责维持组织稳态,为细胞提供良好的机械支撑环境,具有优异生物相容性。通过化学改性或结构设计引入其他功能性基团,进行药物释放、细胞培养与递送等,最终实现对受损组织的愈合治疗。
间充质干细胞作为生命的种子细胞,在细胞治疗、系统重建、组织愈合过程中发挥着重大作用。在受伤部位移植MSCs除了分泌多种营养因子和生长因子,改善局部微环境、抑制细胞凋亡、促进残余细胞增殖再生外,并可促使其他内源性干细胞向受损部位归巢,加快内源性修复。尽管间充质干细胞治疗有希望成为新一代治疗药物,但受到递送环境的影响干细胞的存活率不高,极大限制了其治疗效果。本发明将干细胞负载于形态与体积可控的凝胶内,有助于细胞逐步适应宿主微环境,降低引发免疫反应的风险,提高细胞成活率,增强术后恢复的效率。
在一些实施例中,所述细胞膜包括ID8、4T1、B16、LLC、Hepa1-6等所有肿瘤细胞膜,间充质干细胞膜,红细胞、血小板、巨噬细胞膜(RAW 246.7)等。
在一些实施例中,负载药物包括他莫昔芬等激素类药物以及紫杉醇、多西他赛等脂溶性化疗药物。
在一些实施例中,所述细胞膜脂质体-鱼精蛋白-透明质酸仿生纳米复合颗粒包括:脂质体、纳米粒、脂溶性化疗药物;所述脂质体中包载脂溶性化疗药物,所述脂质体内部包载纳米粒。
在一些实施例中,所述纳米粒由鱼精蛋白与透明质酸对核酸进行压缩而得,RNA包括100kd以下的siRNA、circRNA或shRNA。
本发明的第二个方面,提供了上述的预防术后粘连与肿瘤复发的多功能水凝胶的制备方法,包括:
采用脂质体包载他莫昔芬,得到负载他莫昔芬脂质体;
将siRNA与透明质酸、DEPC水、鱼精蛋白涡旋混匀,得到siRNA纳米粒;
将所述siRNA纳米粒与负载他莫昔芬脂质体混合,孵育,得到LPH;
将细胞膜与LPH混合,挤压多次,得到细胞膜脂质体-鱼精蛋白-透明质酸仿生纳米复合颗粒;
将透明质酸与透明质酸-醛基溶解在碱性溶液中,在交联剂存在条件下凝胶化,得到凝胶;
取所述凝胶与细胞膜脂质体-鱼精蛋白-透明质酸仿生纳米复合颗粒凝缩液、间充质干细胞混悬液混合均匀,即得。
在一些实施例中,DOTAP与CHOL脂质摩尔比例在0.5-5:1;(脂质包括dopc\dope\chems\dspc\dppc等脂质)
在一些实施例中,NP与脂质体比例在1:100-2000。
在一些实施例中,HA分子量1000-200万。
在一些实施例中,所述细胞膜与LPH以质量比1:1~20。
在一些实施例中,所述siRNA与透明质酸、鱼精蛋白的摩尔比为1:1-3:1-3。
在一些实施例中,所述透明质酸与透明质酸-醛基的质量比为50-100:0-50。
本发明的第三个方面,提供了上述的预防术后粘连与肿瘤复发的多功能水凝胶在制备预防术后粘连与肿瘤复发医用材料或药物中的应用,负载细胞范围保护骨髓、脂肪、脐带等多种来源干细胞、成纤维细胞、血管内皮细胞、及多种免疫细胞。
本发明的有益效果
(1)针对核酸药物不稳定,难以穿过细胞膜等问题,本发明用鱼精蛋白与透明质酸对核酸进行压缩形成稳定纳米粒,有效防止核酸降解。脂质体中包载他莫昔芬作为抗肿瘤药物,有效增强对于脂溶性药物的摄取,在内部包载纳米粒,与核酸实现共递送,极大增强协同效果,其外部融合肿瘤细胞膜,起到中和电荷的效果,减小制剂毒性的同时还具有同源靶向效作用。
(2)针对目前用于术后粘连产品代谢快,贴合不好等问题,本发明设计透明质酸凝胶可以在术后恢复期缓慢降解,在手术部位持续发挥抗粘附作用。此外透明质酸作为细胞外基质为干细胞提供了适宜的生存环境,大幅提高了干细胞在体内递送的存活率,此外通过HA的醛基和间充质干细胞表面的氨基之间反应形成醛亚胺键,通过可逆的席夫碱形成来实现间充质干细胞在凝胶中的保留与释放。
(3)本发明制备方法简单、实用性强,易于推广。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示例性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1脂质体外观及丁达尔效应;
图2为siRNA NP、lip、LPH、M@LPH透射电镜图;
图3为M@LPH粒径分布图;
图4为M@LPH zeta电位图;
图5为他莫昔芬累积释放曲线;
图6为siRNA NP包封率测定;
图7为siRNA稳定性考察结果图;
图8为ID8细胞膜完整性考察结果图;
图9为细胞摄取结果图;
图10为ERK2基因表达水平测定;
图11为ID8细胞中蛋白表达条带;
图12为透明质酸凝胶外观图;
图13为透明质酸凝胶与所负载干细胞的扫描电镜图;
图14为凝胶的流变图;
图15为凝胶的可注射性考察结果图;
图16为凝胶的自愈合过程;
图17为凝胶中干细胞的分布图;
图18为细胞活力考察结果图;
图19为溶血考察结果图。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是示例性的,旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本发明使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
下面结合具体的实施例,对本发明做进一步的详细说明,应该指出,所述具体实施例是对本发明的解释而不是限定。
实施例1
肿瘤细胞膜的提取
为了获得肿瘤细胞膜,用细胞刮刀收集培养在175平方厘米细胞培养瓶中的细胞,1000rpm,离心5分钟。将得到的细胞颗粒加入含有蛋白酶抑制剂苯甲磺酰氟(PMSF)的低渗裂解缓冲液中。在冰浴中处理15分钟后,用超声破碎处理在冰上进一步处理细胞裂解缓冲液40轮(Ton=3s,Toff=10s,功率40%)超声处理后,在1000g离心5分钟,仔细收集上清液,在4℃下以12000rpm进一步离心20分钟。重新悬浮在PBS中,以便进一步使用,测定浓度。
实施例2
细胞膜脂质体-鱼精蛋白-透明质酸仿生纳米复合颗粒的制备方法
取DOTAP和CHOL(摩尔比2:1)与他莫昔芬溶于适量CHCl3中,充分混匀后减压旋转蒸发,温度为20℃,转速为80rpm,待溶液蒸干后,形成一层无色透明的薄膜,继续旋蒸10min尽可能减少有机和溶剂残留。向其中加入1mL预热至40℃的DEPC水,水浴超声30s,共三次,置于40℃水浴中以1200rpm的速度搅拌1h,最后用直径为0.22μm的滤膜挤压过滤得负载他莫昔芬脂质体。
取20μM siRNA20μL、1mg/mL HA5μL、30μL DEPC水混合,加入125μg/mL鱼精蛋白40μL涡旋即得siRNA纳米粒。
将siRNA纳米粒与他莫昔芬脂质体以摩尔比1:100的比例进行混合,40℃孵育30min得LPH。将所提细胞膜与LPH以质量比1:10的比例混合,用脂质体挤出机挤压10次,即得细胞膜脂质体-鱼精蛋白-透明质酸仿生纳米复合颗粒(M@LPH)。
将所得M@LPH溶液中加入甘露糖(0.1%w/w)在-80℃冰箱中预冻过夜,在冻干机中冻干24h,用0.9%氯化钠溶液溶解得M@LPH凝缩液,浓度为M@LPH溶液的20-100倍。
实施例3
负载MSCs与M@LPH透明质酸凝胶制备方法
在透明质酸钠溶液中逐滴加入高碘酸钠溶液,避光搅拌,加入乙二醇终止反应,并在纯水中透析48小时,冷冻干燥即得HA-CHO(OHA)。将270mg HA与30mg OHA溶解于3ml0.25M氢氧化钠溶液中,加入50μl 1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚(BDDE)交联剂,40℃水浴搅拌3小时,加入适量0.25M盐酸调节pH至7。取1g所得凝胶,与100μl M@LPH凝缩液混合均匀后,再与100μL间充质干细胞PBS或空白培养基混悬液(500万/ml)充分混合,即得负载间充质干细胞透明质酸凝胶。
实验例
A.如图1所示,实施例2中通过薄膜水化法制备脂质纳米颗粒,脂质成膜透明均匀,所得的脂质纳米粒溶液具有淡蓝色乳光,可见明显的丁达尔效应,证明脂质纳米粒成功制备。
B.如图2所示,在透射电镜中清晰可见纳米粒,脂质体以及脂质纳米粒的微观形态,压缩后的RNA形态圆整,大小均一,脂质体结构明显,粒径较为均一,两者混合后可见其核壳结构,即证明脂质纳米粒制备成功。
C-D.粒径分布与表面电荷通过粒径电位分析仪测定。测定最终制剂粒径结果为245.93nm,电位约33.57mV,如图3、图4所示。
E.如图5所示,通过高效液相色谱测定他莫昔芬的载药量包封率与累积释放率。完成了包括专属性、回收率以及日间、日内精密度在内的方法学验证,最终测得包封率约为93.80%,载药量约为6.33%。pH 7.4与5.0分别模拟体内正常环境与肿瘤细胞溶酶体内环境,对他莫昔芬释放行为进行体外模拟,结果可知在pH 7.4的PBS中,制剂比游离药物释放速率要慢,在72h时累计释放率才为30%左右,明显延长药物释放行为,使脂质体在到达靶组织前不会发生破裂渗漏;而在pH 5.0时药物能较从脂质体中释放,72h释放量可分别达80%,远高于在pH7.4时的释放量,充分表明脂质体在血液中较稳定,而被肿瘤细胞内吞后可快速释放药物,从而发挥后续作用。
F.如图6所示,琼脂糖凝胶电泳测定siRNA的包封率与稳定性。通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳筛选鱼精蛋白与siRNA比例,发现当比例1:1时,游离RNA条带消失,则证明其全部包载于制剂内;
G.如图7所示,降解考察也可以看出,相比于游离siRNA24h内消失,在鱼精蛋白压缩后,可以稳定至48h以上不被降解,具有较好的稳定性。
H.如图8所示,M@LPH在十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中保留的蛋白质组分与纯ID8细胞膜的电泳条带一致,脂质体中未检测到蛋白质信号,证明制剂中细胞膜成功融合于脂质体中,且完整性良好。
I.如图9所示,用香豆素6模拟药物在细胞水平的摄取情况,在共聚焦显微镜下明显看出有脂质体包覆后药物摄取显著高于游离药物,且加入siRNA NP与细胞膜未明显观察到细胞摄取减弱。
J.如图10所示,实时定量PCR分析验证制备的细胞膜脂质体-鱼精蛋白-透明质酸仿生纳米复合颗粒在小鼠卵巢癌细胞(ID8)中干扰mRNA合成的能力。结果表明,细胞膜脂质体-鱼精蛋白-透明质酸仿生纳米复合颗粒可以实现较强的mRNA干扰,优于市售转染制剂。
K.如图11所示,通过western blotting实验分析ERK2的相对蛋白表达量,M@LPH组几乎看不见的条带。
L-M.如图12、图13所示,为了表征凝胶的微观结构,将实验例2制备得到的载药水凝胶水凝胶冷冻在-80℃冰箱过夜预冻,冷冻干燥24小时。在扫描电子显微镜下观察其表面形态。从中可以看出,水凝胶呈现出连续的孔状三维结构,这种结构使水凝胶具有了较大的比表面积,更有利于药物的扩散,且较大的孔隙尺寸可以为细胞提供足够的空间及为其传输营养和空气的流通。
N.如图14所示,使用流变仪测定水凝胶的流变学性能,进一步研究了其力学性能。在频率扫描并且在0.1至50Hz的测试频率范围内没有观察到交集,表明水凝胶在低频下均具有稳定的凝胶状状态,G′值高于G″值,表明水凝胶保持稳定的固体(弹性)状态。然后,进行时间扫描测试以确认水凝胶的稳定性。水凝胶在测试时间(0-500s)内可以保持稳定的G′和G″值。
O-P理想的术后抗粘连产品应该是可注射和自愈的,以方便外科医生手术,特别是腹腔镜手术。因此,水凝胶是否可注射是通过进行宏观物理挤出来确定的。简而言之,将制备的水凝胶块使用无菌针头直接挤压。如图15所示,可以看到,所获得的水凝胶可以很容易地通过针头,挤出部分可以快速无缝融合。为了更加具体评估水凝胶的自我愈合行为,进行宏观恢复实验,用来定性观察自愈过程。如图16所示,两个表面粗糙的水凝胶盘被罗丹明B和天青A染色。随后,在室温下沿着切割线保持两个不同颜色的半圆盘紧密接触,无需任何外部干预即可完全融合成一个整体的水凝胶圆盘,且表面也变得光滑。在愈合过程中,两种染料分子不断地在切割表面上扩散,并最终相互渗透,在边界处呈现紫色。
R.如图17所示,共聚焦观察MSCs分布情况,将MSCs用钙黄绿素标记后与凝胶混合,在共聚焦显微镜3D模式下观察,可见MSCs均匀分布在凝胶中。
S.如图18所示,通过细胞活力测定生物材料的细胞相容性用于体内应用。将凝胶用培养基在37℃条件下浸提24小时后,通过CCK8测定评估水凝胶的细胞相容性。MSCs在细胞在不同浓度的水凝胶浸提溶液下均显示出超过90%的细胞活力,表明水凝胶表现出良好的生物相容性。
T另一方面,水凝胶在作为腹膜创伤的屏障应用时直接接触伤口,因此必须考虑血液相容性。选择小鼠红细胞悬浮液来评估血液相容性。用水凝胶处理2h后,未观察到明显的溶血,所有水凝胶提取物的溶血率均低于5%,表明水凝胶具有良好的血液相容性,对术后粘附在体内是安全的,如图19所示。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种预防术后粘连与肿瘤复发的多功能水凝胶,其特征在于,包括:
细胞膜脂质体-鱼精蛋白-透明质酸仿生纳米复合颗粒;
间充质干细胞;
透明质酸凝胶;
所述透明质酸凝胶中负载有所述细胞膜脂质体-鱼精蛋白-透明质酸仿生纳米复合颗粒和间充质干细胞;
所述水凝胶的分子量为1000-200万;
间充质干细胞的浓度在1000-1000万/ml。
2.如权利要求1所述的预防术后粘连与肿瘤复发的多功能水凝胶,其特征在于,所述细胞膜包括:肿瘤细胞膜,间充质干细胞膜,红细胞、血小板或巨噬细胞膜。
3.如权利要求1所述的预防术后粘连与肿瘤复发的多功能水凝胶,其特征在于,所述细胞膜脂质体-鱼精蛋白-透明质酸仿生纳米复合颗粒包括:脂质体、纳米粒、脂溶性化疗药物;所述脂质体中包载脂溶性化疗药物,所述脂质体内部包载纳米粒。
4.如权利要求3所述的预防术后粘连与肿瘤复发的多功能水凝胶,其特征在于,所述纳米粒由鱼精蛋白与透明质酸对核酸进行压缩而得,RNA包括100kd以下的siRNA、circRNA或shRNA。
5.一种权利要求1-4任一项所述的预防术后粘连与肿瘤复发的多功能水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
采用脂质体包载他莫昔芬,得到负载他莫昔芬脂质体;
将siRNA与透明质酸、DEPC水、鱼精蛋白涡旋混匀,得到siRNA纳米粒;
将所述siRNA纳米粒与负载他莫昔芬脂质体混合,孵育,得到LPH;
将细胞膜与LPH混合,挤压多次,得到细胞膜脂质体-鱼精蛋白-透明质酸仿生纳米复合颗粒;
将透明质酸与透明质酸-醛基溶解在碱性溶液中,在交联剂存在条件下凝胶化,得到凝胶;
取所述凝胶与细胞膜脂质体-鱼精蛋白-透明质酸仿生纳米复合颗粒凝缩液、间充质干细胞混悬液混合均匀,即得。
6.如权利要求1所述的预防术后粘连与肿瘤复发的多功能水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,DOTAP与CHOL脂质摩尔比例在0.5-5:1;
或,NP与脂质体比例在1:100-2000。
7.如权利要求1所述的预防术后粘连与肿瘤复发的多功能水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述细胞膜与LPH以质量比1:1~20。
8.如权利要求1所述的预防术后粘连与肿瘤复发的多功能水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述siRNA与透明质酸、鱼精蛋白的摩尔比为1:1-3:1-3。
9.如权利要求1所述的预防术后粘连与肿瘤复发的多功能水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述透明质酸与透明质酸-醛基的质量比为50-100:0-50。
10.权利要求1-4任一项所述的预防术后粘连与肿瘤复发的多功能水凝胶在制备预防术后粘连与肿瘤复发医用材料或药物中的应用,其特征在于,负载细胞包括:来源骨髓、脂肪或脐带的干细胞、成纤维细胞、血管内皮细胞、及免疫细胞。
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