CN117255876A - 碳纤维无纺布片材、其制造方法及采用其的碳纤维增强树脂成形体 - Google Patents

碳纤维无纺布片材、其制造方法及采用其的碳纤维增强树脂成形体 Download PDF

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CN117255876A
CN117255876A CN202280031876.5A CN202280031876A CN117255876A CN 117255876 A CN117255876 A CN 117255876A CN 202280031876 A CN202280031876 A CN 202280031876A CN 117255876 A CN117255876 A CN 117255876A
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carbon fiber
carbon
web
fabric sheet
fiber nonwoven
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福田泰弘
宫本弘毅
伊势智一
杉本直
东出真澄
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Japan Wool Textile Co Ltd
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Japan Wool Textile Co Ltd
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/74Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel (anisotropic fleeces)
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/12Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat
    • B29C70/14Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat oriented
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/50Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
    • B29C70/504Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC] using rollers or pressure bands
    • B29C70/508Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC] using rollers or pressure bands and first forming a mat composed of short fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209Inorganic fibres
    • D04H1/4242Carbon fibres
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    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4274Rags; Fabric scraps
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/4334Polyamides
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4374Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43835Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2063/00Use of EP, i.e. epoxy resins or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
    • B29K2105/14Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles oriented
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2277/00Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as reinforcement
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2307/00Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
    • B29K2307/04Carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29K2995/00Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037Other properties
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • D10B2505/00Industrial
    • D10B2505/02Reinforcing materials; Prepregs
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

一种含有不连续碳纤维的碳纤维无纺布片材(15),将碳纤维实质上单向取向的矩形的纤维网(10)在同一方向且以使端部错开的方式层叠2张以上,形成平行网(14),且为长条状。该制造方法是用梳棉机对不连续碳纤维进行开纤,通过碳纤维实质上单向取向而形成纤维网,在宽度方向或倾斜方向进行切断形成矩形的纤维网(10),以错开端部的方式进行层叠,形成长条状平行网(14),通过切断两端而形成碳纤维无纺布片材(15)。本发明的碳纤维增强树脂成形体包含上述碳纤维无纺布片材和基体树脂。由此,提供能够与连续纤维碳纤维片材的单轴片材同样使用的碳纤维无纺布片材、其制造方法及碳纤维增强树脂成形体。

Description

碳纤维无纺布片材、其制造方法及采用其的碳纤维增强树脂 成形体
技术领域
本发明涉及碳纤维无纺布片材、其制造方法及采用其的碳纤维增强树脂成形体。
背景技术
由碳纤维和基体树脂构成的碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)由于质轻、比强度及比弹性模量高、力学特性优异、耐候性及耐药品性也高,一直在研究在飞机、汽车、罐体、混凝土增强材料、体育用途等多种用途中使用或应用。在制造CFRP时因碳纤维片材的切断等而发生零碎料,有效利用成为问题。此外,在处置CFRP成形体时,碳纤维的有效利用(再循环)也成为问题。
作为从废CFRP中取出碳纤维的方法,具有烧成法、溶解法等,专利文献1中提出了溶解法。该方法是将树脂溶解的方法,能够得到高品质的再循环碳纤维。可是,溶解处理后的碳纤维为不连续纤维,成为棉状缠绕的状态,难以直接再生为CFRP。作为将再循环碳纤维再生为CFRP的方法,专利文献2~4中提出了用干式法(梳理)开纤。本申请人等也在专利文献5中提出了用梳棉机进行开纤的方法。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2007-297641号公报
专利文献2:日本再表2012-086682号公报
专利文献3:日本特表2013-519546号公报
专利文献4:日本特开2014-025175号公报
专利文献5:日本特开2016-151081号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
可是,在以往的技术中,在为了用不连续碳纤维得到与连续碳纤维片材的单轴片材同样的成形品而制作纤维在长度方向上高度取向的长条状的碳纤维无纺布片材时存在问题。
本发明为了解决上述以往的问题,提供能够与连续碳纤维片材的单轴片材同样使用的碳纤维无纺布片材、其制造方法及采用其的碳纤维增强树脂成形体。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明的碳纤维无纺布片材是含有不连续碳纤维的碳纤维无纺布片材,所述碳纤维无纺布片材是碳纤维实质上单向取向的矩形的纤维网在同一方向且以使端部错开的方式层叠2张以上而形成平行网的长条状。
本发明的碳纤维无纺布片材的制造方法是上述的碳纤维无纺布片材的制造方法,其中,用梳棉机将含有不连续碳纤维的碳纤维开纤,使碳纤维实质上单向取向而形成纤维网,在宽度方向或倾斜方向进行切断而形成矩形,以使所述矩形的纤维网的端部错开的方式进行层叠,形成长条状平行网,通过切断所述长条状平行网的两端而得到碳纤维无纺布片材。
本发明的碳纤维增强树脂成形体含有所述碳纤维无纺布片材和基体树脂。
发明效果
本发明是含有不连续碳纤维的碳纤维无纺布片材,通过碳纤维实质上单向取向的矩形的纤维网在同一方向且以使端部错开的方式层叠2张以上而形成平行网,且为长条状,能够用不连续碳纤维得到与连续碳纤维片材同样的成形品。也就是说,通过以使端部错开的方式多张层叠单取向性的矩形的纤维网而形成长条状平行网,切断两端形成碳纤维无纺布片材,能够与连续碳纤维片材的单轴片材同样地使用。本发明的制造方法能够高效率合理地制造上述碳纤维无纺布片材。此外,本发明的碳纤维增强树脂成形体通过含有上述的碳纤维无纺布片材和基体树脂,能够形成碳纤维的取向方向的抗拉强度高的成形体。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一个实施方式的梳棉机的示意剖视图。
图2是同一个实施方式的以使通过梳棉机所得到的矩形的纤维网的端部错开的方式层叠、形成长条状平行网时的示意说明图。
图3是本发明的一个实施方式的碳纤维无纺布片材的示意立体图。
图4是同一个实施方式的纤维网的表面照片。
图5是同一个实施方式的纤维网的表面放大照片。
图6是同一个实施方式的表示以使矩形的纤维网的端部错开的方式层叠的部分的表面照片。
图7是表示本发明的一个实施方式的碳纤维无纺布预浸料的制造工序的示意剖视图。
具体实施方式
本发明的碳纤维无纺布片材是含有不连续碳纤维的碳纤维无纺布片材。由此,在形成碳纤维增强树脂成形体时,碳纤维的取向方向的强度高,可得到高品质的成形体。
该碳纤维无纺布片材也可以是通过在宽度方向或倾斜方向上切断单取向性的纤维网而形成矩形的纤维网,以使端部错开的方式多张层叠上述矩形的纤维网形成长条状平行网,将两端切掉而成的片材,也可以根据需要切断成规定的长度。这里所说的矩形,4角的角度不一定为90°,也包括梯形或平行四边形。关于纤维网,在梳棉机的开纤装置上进行开纤,碳纤维实质上单向取向。开纤装置优选为滚筒或带式输送机。在滚筒或带式输送机上具备多个金属制针,碳纤维在该多个金属制针间进行开纤且实质上单向取向,并被剥取。由此得到单取向性的纤维网。滚筒或带式输送机的宽度及直径或长度可选择多种,可选择使用与生产量相符的尺寸。
上述矩形的纤维网通过以使端部错开的方式层叠,形成长条状平行网。矩形的纤维网由于宽度相同,所以如果以将端部错开规定的长度的方式层叠,则可得到层叠数相同的长条状平行网。上述长条状平行网的层叠数及长度都能任意地设定。通过将长条状平行网的两端切掉,可得到碳纤维无纺布片材。该碳纤维无纺布片材能够与连续碳纤维片材的单轴片材同样地使用。也就是说,连续碳纤维片材的单轴片材能够如单向带(UD带)那样使用,可与树脂一同用手工层叠法、真空辅助树脂传递模塑法(VaRTM法)、树脂传递模塑法(RTM法)、树脂注塑法(RIM法)、加压成形法、高压釜法、片材卷取法、拉拔成形法、喷附成型法等进行成形,但本发明的碳纤维无纺布片材也能够同样地使用。作为一个例子,当基体树脂中采用环氧树脂时,可得到上述碳纤维无纺布片材。成形体的碳纤维的取向方向的抗拉强度为340MPa以上,为与铝合金A2024(超硬铝合金)的实用强度即0.2%屈服强度匹敌的水平。
碳纤维无纺布片材的每单位面积的质量(以下也有时仅表述为“质量”)优选为1~1000g/m2,更优选为5~500g/m2,进一步优选为10~300g/m2。只要在上述的范围,处理性就好,而且适合碳纤维增强树脂成形。只要在上述的范围,就能够形成强度高的碳纤维增强树脂成形体。
上述纤维网的每单位面积的质量优选为0.1~100g/m2,更优选为0.5~50g/m2,进一步优选为1~30g/m2。只要在上述的范围,处理性就好,而且适合碳纤维增强树脂成形。
上述矩形的纤维网的层叠数优选为2~100张,更优选为5~50张,进一步优选为10~30张。只要是上述的层叠数,则每单位面积的质量也能提高,能够形成强度高的碳纤维增强树脂成形体。
优选以上述矩形的纤维网的端部每1张错开1~1000mm的方式层叠,更优选错开5~500mm,进一步优选错开10~300mm。只要是上述的错开量,就能够形成均匀的长条状平行网。这里所谓长条状,理论上讲是无限的,但实用上为0.5~25m的范围。
在本发明中,所谓“实质上单向取向”或者“单取向性”,是指50质量%以上以±10度以内的角度取向。所以,构成矩形的纤维网的碳纤维优选50质量%以上以±10度以内的角度取向,更优选60质量%以上以±10度以内的角度,进一步优选70质量%以上以±10度以内的角度取向。只要在上述的范围,就可得到取向性高、强度高、品质高的成形体。
上述矩形的纤维网在施加载荷500Pa时的平均密度优选为0.01~0.40g/cm3,更优选的平均密度为0.02~0.20g/cm3,进一步优选为0.03~0.15g/cm3。只要在上述的范围,处理性就好,适合碳纤维增强树脂成形。
构成上述矩形的纤维网的碳纤维的纤维长度能够任意规定,但优选纤维长度分布为1~300mm,更优选为5~200mm,进一步优选为10~150mm。只要在上述的范围,质量上就无问题,处理性也好,适合碳纤维增强树脂成形。
上述矩形的纤维网中,碳纤维的取向方向的长度优选为30~5000mm,碳纤维的与取向方向正交的方向的长度优选为20~3000mm。只要在上述的范围,质量上就无问题,处理性也好,适合碳纤维增强树脂成形。
构成上述碳纤维无纺布片材的碳纤维优选是被再循环的碳纤维,但是也可以使用将新的碳纤维切断而形成的碳纤维、因CFRP制造时的碳纤维片材的切断等而作为零碎料产生的碳纤维等,无论怎样的碳纤维都可使用。碳纤维的原料如聚丙烯腈(PAN)系、沥青系等怎样的都可以。此外,本发明的碳纤维无纺布片材还可通过层叠多张来使用,还可通过层叠用别的方法制成的碳纤维片材(例如连续纤维片材、碳纤维织物等)等来使用。
本发明的碳纤维无纺布片材中也可以混合碳纤维以外的纤维。在以碳纤维无纺布片材作为参数时,优选不连续碳纤维为10~100质量%,碳纤维以外的纤维为0~90质量%,更优选不连续碳纤维为20~100质量%,碳纤维以外的纤维为0~80质量%,进一步优选不连续碳纤维为50~100质量%,碳纤维以外的纤维为0~50质量%。作为碳纤维以外的纤维,不仅包括能够提高成形后的物性的高强度且高弹性有机纤维(芳香族聚酰胺(包括对系、间系)纤维、聚丙烯酸酯纤维、聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑(PBO)纤维、聚对苯撑苯并二噻唑(PBZT)纤维、高分子量聚乙烯纤维、聚醚醚酮纤维、聚乙烯醇纤维等)以外,还能够使用改善成形前的处理性的热塑性纤维(聚酰胺、聚丙烯、PPS等)。此外,碳纤维以外的纤维并不限定于1种,也可以混合两种以上的纤维。
接着,对本发明的碳纤维无纺布片材的制造方法进行说明。
(1)纤维网形成工序
用梳棉机对含有不连续碳纤维的纤维进行开纤,通过使碳纤维实质上单向取向而形成纤维网。也可以根据需要赋予上浆剂。当加入碳纤维以外的纤维时,在此道工序加入并混合。
(2)第1切断工序
由于以长条状得到上述纤维网,因此通过在宽度方向或倾斜方向上进行切断来形成矩形。宽度方向或倾斜方向上的切断方法没有特别的限定,例如也可以用以同一速度工作的切断机进行切断。或者,还有将长条状的纤维网以静置状态进行切断的方法。如此形成矩形的纤维网。
(3)层叠工序
以使上述矩形的纤维网的端部错开的方式进行层叠,形成长条状平行网。
(4)第2切断工序
通过切掉上述长条状平行网的两端,得到本发明的碳纤维无纺布片材。这里所说的两端,是指顶端部和后端部的层叠不均匀的部分。也可以根据需要将上述长条状平行网切断成规定的长度。
本发明的由长条状平行网构成的碳纤维无纺布片材还可通过浸渗树脂来形成预浸料。作为一个例子,树脂浸渗能够采用干式法。例如,用树脂片夹着上述碳纤维无纺布片材进行热压。由此,可以形成树脂浸渗到碳纤维无纺布片材中或以熔融固化状态而一体化的碳纤维无纺布预浸料。此外,在用树脂片夹着碳纤维无纺布片材时,也可以赋予上浆剂或将多张碳纤维无纺布片材层叠。
以下,采用附图进行说明。在以下的附图中,同一符号表示同一物。图1是本发明的一个实施例的梳棉机1的示意剖视图。该梳棉机1从给料辊3a、3b供给不连续碳纤维2,经过刺辊4,通过滚筒5和工作辊6a、7a及清洁辊6b、7b的协动进行开纤,经过道夫8,通过振动梳针9进行剥取,作为纤维网取出。11是基台。纤维网是通过开纤不连续纤维的碳纤维、排列在一个方向,为长条状。从排出皮带12上取出该纤维网。此时作为一个例子,用按与纤维网相同的速度移动的切断机13在宽度方向进行切断,作为矩形的纤维网10取出。
图2是同样以使通过梳棉机所得到的矩形的纤维网10的端部错开的方式进行层叠、形成长条状平行网14的示意说明图。通过将该长条状平行网14切断成规定的长度而形成碳纤维无纺布片材15。碳纤维无纺布片材15的每单位面积的质量稳定,即使制作多张,各个碳纤维无纺布片材15也为大致均匀的质量。通过将两端切断,再次供给梳棉机,也可以形成碳纤维无纺布片材15。箭头为前进方向。
仅作为参考,交叉铺网(クロスラッパー)层叠法由于是相对于无纺布片材的前进方向(长度方向)以直角将网折下而制作多层网的方式,所以不能制作纤维在无纺布片材的前进方向(长度方向)高度取向的长条状的无纺布片材。
图3是本发明的一个实施方式的长条状平行网14的示意立体图。构成长条状平行网14的各碳纤维16排列在一个方向。矩形的纤维网10a-10i…以使端部错开的方式层叠。包含矩形的纤维网10f的左侧(从箭头切线17开始为左侧)为均一层叠数的碳纤维无纺布片材。此例中为6层。箭头MD表示碳纤维无纺布片材的长度方向(MD)。
图4是本发明的一个实施方式的纤维网的表面照片,图5是同样的纤维网的表面放大照片,图6是表示以使矩形的纤维网的端部错开的方式层叠的部分的表面照片。18a、18b为层叠部分。层叠数在右侧为1张、中部为2张、左侧为3张。
图7是表示本发明的一个实施方式的由长条状平行网构成的碳纤维无纺布预浸料22的制造工序的示意剖视图。在碳纤维无纺布片材15的两面贴合树脂片19a、19b,并从其外侧贴合剥离片20a、20b,用加热加压辊21a、21b进行热压,使树脂低粘度化,与构成碳纤维无纺布片材15的碳纤维组一体化。所得到的碳纤维无纺布预浸料22的处理性良好,形成辊状的卷绕体23。
实施例
以下,采用实施例更具体地进行说明。再者,本发明并不限定于下述的实施例。
<试验片的拉伸试验>
参考ASTM D3039(2017),使用英斯特朗万能试验机,以测力传感器100kN、拉伸速度1.0mm/sec测定了CFRP的抗拉强度。关于抗拉强度,测定了纤维取向方向的抗拉强度。
(实施例1)
将由纤维束废料通过溶解法再循环而得到的碳纤维(东丽公司制造,商品名“T800S”,纤维长度80mm)投入梳针梳棉机(Wire card)中,得到宽30cm的纤维网。将所得到的纤维网按质量为2.2g/m2、长度为50cm在宽度方向上切断。该矩形的纤维网在施加500Pa的载荷时的网的平均厚度为0.086mm。该矩形的纤维网的端部以每3.1cm错开的方式层叠32张,在宽度方向上将距离长度方向的顶端开始46.5cm和末端46.5cm的层叠不足部分切掉,得到按长52.7cm、宽35cm以16层层叠的质量为35g/m2的长方形碳纤维无纺布片材。通过显微镜的图像观察了构成该碳纤维无纺布片材的碳纤维,结果发现50质量%以上以±10度以内的角度取向。将所得到的碳纤维无纺布片材修整成350mm见方,赋予浆液剂(平均6wt%),然后使其干燥,制成基材。一边向基材中浸渗环氧树脂(长濑chemteX公司制造,XN6809),一边以使纤维方向一致的方式层叠10张。将所层叠的基材起拱,装入高压釜中,一边以0.5MPa进行加压,一边用80℃加热16小时,然后用120℃加热2小时,成形为碳纤维增强树脂成形体的母板。从该母板中以纤维取向的方向为纵向、切出纵230mm、横25mm、厚1.7mm、密度1.29g/cm3、纤维体积含有率大约为13%的试验片。
(实施例2)
在由预浸料废料通过溶解法再循环而得到的碳纤维(东丽公司制造,商品名“T800S”)中,使用纤维长度具有分布的碳纤维。按纤维长度低于80mm的纤维为全体的三分之一、80mm的纤维为全体的三分之二的比例投入该碳纤维。与实施例1同样地制作网,得到质量为39.3g/m2的碳纤维无纺布片材,层叠8张,成形为碳纤维增强树脂成形体,制成了试验片。该试验片为纵230mm、横25mm、厚1.3mm、密度1.30g/cm3、纤维体积含有率大约为14%。
(实施例3)
事先将通过溶解法再循环得到的碳纤维(东丽公司制造,商品名“T800S”,纤维长度80mm)和聚酰胺6纤维(东丽株式会社制造,纤度2.2decitex,纤维长度51mm)以按质量计达到碳纤维97质量%/聚酰胺6纤维3质量%的方式混合,采用其混合物,用与实施例1同样的方法制作碳纤维无纺布片材。通过显微镜图像的观察,得知构成所得到的无纺布片材的碳纤维的50质量%以上以正负10度以内的角度在长度方向取向。采用该无纺布片材,用与实施例1同样的方法制作树脂成形体,切出纵230mm、横25mm、厚1.7mm、密度1.30g/cm3、纤维体积含有率为15%的试验片,测定了物性。
(实施例4)
事先将通过烧成法由树脂成形物再循环得到的碳纤维(东丽公司制造,商品名”T800S”,纤维长度50mm)和聚酰胺6纤维(东丽株式会社制造,纤度2.2decitex,纤维长度51mm),以按质量计达到碳纤维40质量%/聚酰胺6纤维60质量%的方式混合,采用其混合物,用与实施例1同样的方法,制作了碳纤维无纺布片材。通过显微镜图像的观察,得知构成所得到的无纺布片材的碳纤维的50质量%以上以正负10度以内的角度在长度方向取向。将该无纺布片材切成宽100mm、长260mm的尺寸,对所切出的试验片按压力3.5MPa、温度240℃进行10分钟热压,得到厚2.2mm、密度1.28g/cm3、碳纤维体积含有率为30%的成形物。由该成形物切出多块宽25mm、长230mm的试验片,采用英斯特朗万能试验机测定了物性。
表1中汇总地示出以上的条件和结果。
表1
(备注*1)FRP Vf表示碳纤维增强树脂成形体的纤维的体积%。
由表1可见,本发明的碳纤维无纺布片材通过形成长条状平行网,能够得到与连续碳纤维片材的单轴片材同样地使用的成形品。实施例1~4的成形体的抗拉强度为340MPa以上,为与铝合金A2024(超硬铝合金)的实用强度即0.2%屈服强度匹敌的水平。
工业上的可利用性
本发明的碳纤维从资源的有效利用的角度出发优选是再循环利用的碳纤维,但也可以使用将新的碳纤维切断而形成的碳纤维、CFRP制造时的因碳纤维片材的切断等而作为零碎料发生的碳纤维等,无论怎样的碳纤维都可使用。特别是预想今后作为飞机或汽车等的废料将大量发生废CFRP,由于从废CFRP中取出的碳纤维为缠绕状态,因此可提高如此缠绕的碳纤维的开纤性及取向性的本发明的应用范围扩大。此外,作为用途,在汽车、体育用品、护理用品、导电性电气电子部件、电磁波屏蔽材等方面是有用的。
符号说明
1-梳棉机
2-不连续碳纤维
3a、3b-给料辊
4-刺辊
5-滚筒
6a、7a-工作辊
6b、7b-清洁辊
8-道夫
9-振动梳针
10、10a-10i-矩形的纤维网
11-基台
12-排出皮带
13-切断机
14-长条状平行网
15-碳纤维无纺布片材
16-构成纤维网的碳纤维
17-切线
18a、18b-层叠部分
19a、19b-树脂片
20a、20b-剥离片
21a、21b-加热加压辊
22-碳纤维无纺布预浸料
23-卷绕体

Claims (13)

1.一种碳纤维无纺布片材,其特征在于:是含有不连续碳纤维的碳纤维无纺布片材,
所述碳纤维无纺布片材中,碳纤维实质上单向取向的矩形的纤维网在同一方向且以使端部错开的方式层叠2张以上而形成平行网,
且所述碳纤维无纺布片材为长条状。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碳纤维无纺布片材,其中,所述碳纤维无纺布片材中,当以碳纤维无纺布片材作为参数时,不连续碳纤维为10~100质量%,碳纤维以外的纤维为0~90质量%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的碳纤维无纺布片材,其中,所述碳纤维无纺布片材的每单位面积的质量为1~1000g/m2
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的碳纤维无纺布片材,其中,所述矩形的纤维网的层叠数为2~100张。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的碳纤维无纺布片材,其中,所述矩形的纤维网的端部以每1张错开1~1000mm的方式层叠。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的碳纤维无纺布片材,其中,构成所述矩形的纤维网的碳纤维的50质量%以上以±10度以内的角度取向。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的碳纤维无纺布片材,其中,所述矩形的纤维网在施加载荷500Pa时的平均密度为0.01~0.40g/cm3
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的碳纤维无纺布片材,其中,构成所述矩形的纤维网的碳纤维的纤维长度的分布为1~300mm。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的碳纤维无纺布片材,其中,所述矩形的纤维网在碳纤维的取向方向的长度为30~5000mm,与碳纤维的取向方向正交的方向的长度为20~3000mm。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的碳纤维无纺布片材,其中,构成所述碳纤维无纺布片材的碳纤维含有被再循环的碳纤维。
11.一种碳纤维无纺布片材的制造方法,其特征在于:是权利要求1~10中任一项所述的碳纤维无纺布片材的制造方法,
用梳棉机对含有不连续碳纤维的纤维进行开纤,使碳纤维实质上单向取向而形成纤维网,在宽度方向或倾斜方向进行切断而形成矩形,
以使所述矩形的纤维网的端部错开的方式进行层叠,形成长条状平行网,
将所述长条状平行网的两端切掉,得到碳纤维无纺布片材。
12.一种碳纤维增强树脂成形体,其特征在于:是包含碳纤维无纺布片材和基体树脂的碳纤维增强树脂成形体,
所述碳纤维无纺布片材为权利要求1~10中任一项所述的碳纤维无纺布片材。
13.根据权利要求12所述的碳纤维增强树脂成形体,其中,所述碳纤维增强树脂成形体在碳纤维的取向方向的抗拉强度为340MPa以上。
CN202280031876.5A 2021-07-19 2022-07-12 碳纤维无纺布片材、其制造方法及采用其的碳纤维增强树脂成形体 Pending CN117255876A (zh)

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