CN117245201A - Intermediate layer for welding aluminum-based composite material, manufacturing method thereof and welding method - Google Patents
Intermediate layer for welding aluminum-based composite material, manufacturing method thereof and welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117245201A CN117245201A CN202210648012.XA CN202210648012A CN117245201A CN 117245201 A CN117245201 A CN 117245201A CN 202210648012 A CN202210648012 A CN 202210648012A CN 117245201 A CN117245201 A CN 117245201A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 213
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 161
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000034655 secondary growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an intermediate layer for welding an aluminum-based composite material, a manufacturing method thereof and a welding method, belonging to the field of welding, wherein the welding method comprises the following steps: polishing and cleaning an intermediate layer for welding an aluminum-based composite material and a parent metal to be welded, wherein the intermediate layer has the components and contents consistent with the parent metal except that the grain diameter of aluminum powder in the raw material is smaller than that of the parent metal formula; and clamping the middle layer between the surfaces to be welded of the base materials, and pressing the stirring pin into the middle layer after clamping to perform friction stir welding. The size of the crystal grain of the middle layer used by the welding method is smaller, and the crystal grain growth caused by heat input can be counteracted in the welding process. Furthermore, the use of small particle size aluminum powder can introduce more 3D net Al 2 O 3 Plays roles of load transmission and pinning grain boundary in the welding process, can further inhibit grain growth, effectively controls the grain size of a welding line area, and solves the problem of grain growth in the existing friction stir welding technologyThe problem of joint strength reduction leads to a significant improvement in the efficiency of the welded joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an intermediate layer for welding an aluminum-based composite material, a manufacturing method and a welding method thereof, and belongs to the field of welding.
Background
The aluminum-based composite material not only has the advantages of light weight, good plasticity, easy processing and the like of an aluminum matrix, but also has the characteristic of reinforcing filler added into the aluminum matrix. The aluminum-based composite material has better specific strength, wear resistance and high-temperature performance than aluminum, is often used as a structural material and an aircraft part, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, transportation, energy sources and the like. However, when the aluminum matrix composite is welded by using a common fusion welding mode such as laser welding, argon arc welding and the like, the problems of interface reaction, particle agglomeration and the like of the filler and the aluminum matrix occur at the weld joint, and good combination of materials is difficult to realize.
Friction stir welding is considered to be the most promising welding method for aluminum-based composite materials among various welding techniques. The friction stir welding principle is to utilize a stirring head rotating at a high speed to rub with a plate to be welded, so that the temperature of materials at a connecting part is increased and softened, plastic flow is generated, and the joint is combined. The stirring head rotating at high speed can uniformly disperse the filler, so that agglomeration in a welding core area is avoided. When the rotation speed of the stirring head is low, the generated friction heat is insufficient to plasticize the material, the flow is insufficient, holes are easy to generate in the welding line, and good combination of the plates cannot be realized. Only when the rotating speed reaches higher, enough friction heat is generated, the materials are fully fused to form a compact welding line. However, when friction stir welding is applied to aluminum matrix composite materials, the phenomenon that the weld joint area has crystal grain growth is caused by higher heat input in the friction stir welding process, so that the strength of the welded joint is reduced and is far lower than the original strength of a base metal.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an intermediate layer for welding an aluminum-based composite material and a manufacturing method thereof, and in addition, provides a welding method for the aluminum-based composite material, so that the strength of a welded joint is close to the original strength of a base metal.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
in a first aspect, the application provides an intermediate layer for welding an aluminum matrix composite, the intermediate layer is sheet-shaped, the outline of two sides is consistent with the outline of a surface to be welded of a base material, an intermediate layer raw material is composed of aluminum powder and reinforcing filler, the proportion of the intermediate layer raw material is consistent with that of the base material raw material, the specification of the reinforcing filler in the intermediate layer raw material is consistent with that of the reinforcing filler in the base material raw material, and the particle size of the aluminum powder in the intermediate layer raw material is smaller than that of the aluminum powder in the base material raw material.
The intermediate layer for welding the aluminum-based composite material provided by the application has the advantages that except that the grain size of aluminum powder in raw materials is smaller than that of a base material formula, the other components and the content are consistent with the base material, the intermediate layer can counteract grain growth caused by heat input in the friction stir welding process, and the grain size of a welding line area is effectively controlled, so that the bonding strength of a welding joint can be improved; the use of small-particle aluminum powder can introduce more 3D netlike Al 2 O 3 The method plays roles of load transmission and pinning grain boundary in the welding process, can further control grain growth, realizes good welding of the aluminum matrix composite, and improves the strength of a welded joint.
Further, the particle size of the aluminum powder in the intermediate layer raw material is 15% -90% of the particle size of the aluminum powder in the base material raw material.
The smaller the particle size of the aluminum powder, the greater the difficulty of preparing the aluminum powder, the higher the cost, and the poor dispersibility in the preparation of the intermediate layer. If the particle size of the aluminum powder in the base material is small, the proportion can be increased, and experiments prove that the effect of enhancing the joint strength can be achieved as long as the particle size of the aluminum powder in the intermediate layer raw material reaches 90% or less of the particle size of the aluminum powder in the base material. When two times of welding are needed, the smaller the particle size of aluminum powder in the intermediate layer raw material is, the better the dispersibility is.
Further, the thickness of the intermediate layer is 10% -150% of the diameter of the stirring pin in friction stir welding. If the intermediate layer thickness is too small, the effect of reinforcing the joint strength is hardly exerted; if the thickness of the intermediate layer is too large, the intermediate layer cannot be completely fused with the base material in the friction stir welding process.
Further, the intermediate layer is suitable for aluminum-based composite materials with aluminum powder particle sizes of 1.5-30 μm in the base material.
Further, the intermediate layer is suitable for aluminum matrix composites containing 5 to wt to 30wt% reinforcing filler in the base material.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for making an interlayer for welding an aluminum-based composite material, the steps comprising:
weighing aluminum powder and reinforcing filler, wherein the consumption and the specification of the reinforcing filler are consistent with those of the reinforcing filler in the base material of the aluminum-based composite material to be welded, the consumption of the aluminum powder is consistent with that of the aluminum powder in the base material, and the particle size of the aluminum powder is smaller than that of the aluminum powder in the base material;
sequentially mixing, pressing and sintering to obtain a second plate with the cross section shape consistent with the shape of the surface to be welded of the base material; preferably, after sintering, plastic deformation such as extrusion, rolling and the like exists;
and slicing the second plate to obtain an intermediate layer for welding the aluminum-based composite material.
The second plate is basically another aluminum-based composite material with the performance very close to that of the base material, the performance of the aluminum-based composite material is not obviously changed after the aluminum-based composite material is cut into sheets, the grain size in the middle layer is smaller than that of the base material, the grain growth caused by heat input in the friction stir welding process can be counteracted, and the grain size of a welding line area is effectively controlled, so that the bonding strength of a welding joint can be improved. In addition, the use of small particle size aluminum powder raw materials allows more 3D reticulated Al in the intermediate layer 2 O 3 The method plays roles of load transmission and pinning grain boundary in the welding process, can further control grain growth, realizes good welding of the aluminum-based composite material, and improves joint strength.
Optionally, the particle size of the aluminum powder is 15% -90% of the particle size of the aluminum powder in the parent material. The aluminum powder with small particle size has high preparation difficulty and high cost, and has poor dispersibility in the process of manufacturing the second plate. If the particle size of the aluminum powder as the base material is already small, for example, below 5 μm, the aluminum powder with larger particle size can be properly selected as the intermediate layer raw material compared with the poor result of grain growth and poor dispersion of the aluminum powder, for example, 70% -90% of the particle size of the aluminum powder in the base material, and experiments prove that the effect of enhancing the joint strength can be well achieved as long as the particle size of the aluminum powder in the intermediate layer raw material reaches 90% or below of the particle size of the aluminum powder in the base material. In addition, when two welding operations are required, the smaller the particle size of the aluminum powder in the intermediate layer raw material is, the better the dispersibility is.
Optionally, the thickness of the slice is 10% -150% of the diameter of the stirring pin in friction stir welding. When the base material to be welded surface is larger, the section shape of the second plate needs to be consistent with the shape of the base material to be welded surface, so that the slicing difficulty is high, the middle layer can be cut thicker, the slicing difficulty is reduced, and two base materials can be tightly combined with the middle layer by adopting two times of welding in the follow-up welding process.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a welding method for an aluminum-based composite material, comprising the steps of:
polishing and cleaning the intermediate layer and the parent metal to be welded for welding the aluminum-based composite material, which are manufactured according to the manufacturing method of the second aspect; at least the surface to be welded is ground and cleaned, preferably all surfaces that will be in contact with the stirring head.
Sandwiching the intermediate layer between the surfaces to be welded of the first base material and the second base material, and abutting the surfaces to be welded of the first base material and the second base material against both surfaces of the intermediate layer in a contour fit manner;
and pressing a stirring pin into the middle layer to perform friction stir welding.
The stirring pin locally melts the middle layer and the parent metal, and when the welding tool moves forwards along the welding interface, the plasticized material is formed by the rotating friction force of the welding toolThe front part of the welding tool flows to the rear part, and a compact solid-phase welding seam is formed under the extrusion of the welding tool. The small grain size of the middle layer can counteract grain growth caused by heat input in the friction stir welding process, and effectively control the grain size of a welding line area, so that the bonding strength of a welding joint can be improved. On the other hand, the use of small-particle-size aluminum powder can introduce more 3D net-shaped Al 2 O 3 The method plays roles of load transmission and pinning grain boundary in the welding process, can further control grain growth, realizes good welding of the aluminum matrix composite, and improves the strength of a welded joint.
Preferably, in the friction stir welding, if the thickness of the intermediate layer is less than 50% of the diameter of the stirring pin, single-pass welding is performed; if the thickness of the middle layer is greater than or equal to 50% of the diameter of the stirring pin and less than 100% of the diameter of the stirring pin, performing single-pass welding or double-pass welding; if the thickness of the middle layer is greater than 100% of the diameter of the stirring pin, performing twice welding;
and the two times of welding are the first time of welding, stirring the gap between the first base metal and the brazing filler metal intermediate layer, and the second time of welding, stirring the gap between the second base metal and the brazing filler metal intermediate layer. Preferably, in the friction stir welding, the shaft shoulder pressing amount is 0.1mm-3mm, the inclination angle of the stirring needle is 0-3 degrees, the rotating speed of the stirring needle is 400rpm-1600rpm, and the advancing speed is 50 mm/min-400 mm/min.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the welding method based on the intermediate layer can counteract grain growth caused by heat input in the friction stir welding process, and effectively control the grain size of a welding line area, so that the bonding strength of a welding joint can be improved; the use of small-particle aluminum powder can introduce more 3D netlike Al 2 O 3 The method plays roles of load transmission and pinning grain boundary in the welding process, can further control grain growth, realizes good welding of the aluminum matrix composite, and improves the strength of a welded joint. The welding method of the invention can solve the problem of reduced joint strength caused by the growth of crystal grains due to welding heat input in the existing friction stir welding technology, can control the crystal grain size of a welding line area, and is practicalThe aluminum-based composite material is welded well with the strength equivalent to that of the base metal, so that the efficiency of the welded joint is obviously improved.
Additional features and advantages of the application will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application. The objects and other advantages of the present application may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of clamping an intermediate layer and a base metal in a welding method for an aluminum-based composite material according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a weld state after two times of welding in a welding method for an aluminum-based composite material according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a welding method for an aluminum-based composite material according to an embodiment of the present application during a first pass welding and a second pass welding.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a welding method for an aluminum-based composite material according to an embodiment of the present application during single-pass welding.
Reference numerals: 27. A first base material; 28. a second base material; 39. and welding the middle layer.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary only for explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the invention. In order to simplify the present disclosure, components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. They are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the present invention may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples, which are for the purpose of brevity and clarity, and which do not themselves indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and/or arrangements discussed.
When friction stir welding is applied to aluminum matrix composite materials, the phenomenon that the weld joint area has crystal grain growth is caused by higher heat input in the friction stir welding process, so that the strength of a welded joint is reduced and is far lower than the original strength of a base metal. The aluminum-based composite material prepared by using the aluminum powder with small grain size (compared with the grain size of the aluminum powder in the parent material) as the middle layer has small grain size and more 3D netlike Al 2 O 3 The introduction of the alloy can control the grain size of the welding line area of the joint, so that the strength of the joint is equivalent to that of the base material.
The embodiment provides an intermediate layer for welding an aluminum-based composite material, which is sheet-shaped, wherein the outlines of two sides are consistent with the outline of a surface to be welded of a base material, the intermediate layer raw material consists of aluminum powder and reinforcing filler, the proportion of the intermediate layer raw material is consistent with that of the base material, the specification of the reinforcing filler in the intermediate layer raw material is consistent with that of the reinforcing filler in the base material, and the particle size of the aluminum powder in the intermediate layer raw material is smaller than that of the aluminum powder in the base material. To accurately characterize the product, the intermediate layer will be referred to in part hereinafter as a "solder sandwich". The welding interlayer is suitable for aluminum-based composite materials containing 5-wt-30wt% of reinforcing filler in the base material.
Accordingly, the present embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a solder interlayer, which includes the steps of:
s11: and weighing aluminum powder and reinforcing filler, wherein the consumption and the specification of the reinforcing filler are consistent with those of the reinforcing filler in the base material of the aluminum-based composite material to be welded, the consumption of the aluminum powder is consistent with that of the aluminum powder in the base material, and the particle size of the aluminum powder is smaller than that of the aluminum powder in the base material.
S12: and sequentially mixing, pressing and sintering to obtain a second plate with the cross-sectional shape consistent with that of the base material. Preferably, after sintering, there is also plastic deformation by hot working such as extrusion or rolling, so that the cross-sectional shape of the second plate material is consistent with the cross-sectional shape of the base material, and the second plate material is more dense.
S13: the second sheet is sliced to yield a welded sandwich 39.
The welding interlayer is basically another aluminum-based composite material with the performance very close to that of the base material, the grain size is smaller than that of the base material, the grain growth caused by heat input in the friction stir welding process can be counteracted, and the grain size of a welding line area can be effectively controlled, so that the bonding strength of a welding joint can be improved. The aluminum powder with small particle size introduced into the raw material of the middle layer ensures that the middle layer has more 3D netlike Al 2 O 3 The method plays roles of load transmission and pinning grain boundary in the welding process, can further control grain growth, realizes good welding of the aluminum-based composite material, and improves joint strength.
When the particle size of the aluminum powder in the base material is smaller than 1.5 μm, it is difficult to prepare aluminum powder smaller than 1.5 μm, which is costly and difficult to disperse in the production of the second sheet material, and therefore, the weld sandwich 39 is suitable for an aluminum-based composite material in which the particle size of the aluminum powder in the base material is 1.5 μm to 30 μm.
Specifically, the particle size of aluminum powder in the intermediate layer raw material is 15% -90% of the particle size of aluminum powder in the base material raw material. The smaller the particle size of the aluminum powder, the greater the difficulty of preparing the aluminum powder, the higher the cost, and the poor dispersibility in the process of preparing the welding interlayer. If the particle size of the aluminum powder as the base material is already small, for example, below 5 μm, the aluminum powder with larger particle size can be properly selected as the intermediate layer raw material compared with the poor result of grain growth and poor dispersion of the aluminum powder, for example, 70% -90% of the particle size of the aluminum powder in the base material, and experiments prove that the effect of enhancing the joint strength can be well achieved as long as the particle size of the aluminum powder in the intermediate layer raw material reaches 90% or below of the particle size of the aluminum powder in the base material. In addition, when two times of welding are needed, grains in the welding interlayer grow twice, and on the premise of meeting good dispersibility, the smaller the grain size of aluminum powder in the raw material of the interlayer is, the better.
Preferably, the thickness of the welding interlayer is 10% -150% of the diameter of the stirring pin in friction stir welding. If the thickness is too small, the effect of enhancing the joint strength is hardly exerted; if the thickness is too large, in the friction stir welding process, part of the area in the welding interlayer is not stirred by the stirring pin, and the welding interlayer and the base metal are difficult to be completely fused. In addition, when the surface to be welded of the base material is larger, the section shape of the second plate needs to be consistent with the shape of the surface to be welded of the base material, so that the slicing difficulty is high, the welding interlayer is easy to deform, for example, the length is 50 times larger than the width, if the welding interlayer is too thin, the welding interlayer is easy to deform, the welding interlayer can be cut to be thicker at the moment, the slicing difficulty is reduced, and two base materials can be tightly combined with the middle layer by adopting two times of welding in the subsequent welding. When the length-width ratio of the surface to be welded of the base material is too large, the other processing method is that a plurality of sections of welding interlayers can be made, the spliced profile of each section of welding interlayer is consistent with the profile of the surface to be welded of the base material, and the slicing difficulty can be reduced. It should be noted that the "thickness" referred to herein refers to the thickness at the time of dicing, rather than the thickness that the weld interlayer 39 exhibits on the work piece after being incorporated into the base material, and is described in the orientation of fig. 1 and 2, the direction of the thickness at the time of dicing being from the upper left corner to the lower right corner in the drawing, and the direction of the thickness that the weld interlayer 39 exhibits on the work piece after being incorporated into the base material being from the top down in the drawing. The orientation of fig. 3 and 4 is described, the direction of thickness at the time of slicing is the left-right direction in the drawing, and the direction of thickness that is exhibited on the work piece after the weld sandwich 39 is incorporated into the base material is the up-down direction in the drawing.
Based on the same principle, the present embodiment provides a welding method for welding two base materials, including the following steps (including a process of manufacturing a welding interlayer). The two base materials to be welded are hereinafter referred to as a first base material 27 and a second base material 28, and the materials of the first base material 27 and the second base material 28 are identical.
S01: searching or detecting the raw material components and the proportion of the parent material.
S11: and weighing aluminum powder and reinforcing filler, wherein the consumption and the specification of the reinforcing filler are consistent with those of the reinforcing filler in the base material of the aluminum-based composite material to be welded, the consumption of the aluminum powder is consistent with that of the aluminum powder in the base material, and the particle size of the aluminum powder is smaller than that of the aluminum powder in the base material.
S12: and sequentially mixing, pressing and sintering to obtain a second plate with the cross-sectional shape consistent with that of the base material.
S13: the second sheet is sliced to yield a welded sandwich 39.
S21: the weld sandwich 39, the first parent material 27 and the second parent material 28 are polished and cleaned. Specifically, sand paper or a grinding wheel is used for mechanically polishing the surface of the surface-treated material to remove an oxide film on the surface of the surface-treated material; and then, the absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone is used for cleaning the processed parent metal or welding interlayer, so as to remove stains and grease on the surface of the material.
S22: the weld sandwich 39 is sandwiched between the surfaces to be welded of the first base material 27 and the second base material 28, and the surfaces to be welded of the first base material and the second base material are brought into abutment with both surfaces of the intermediate layer in a contour-fit manner, as shown in fig. 1.
S23: and pressing the stirring pin into the middle layer to perform friction stir welding. The arrows in fig. 1 indicate the direction of movement of the stirring head.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in step S23, if the thickness of the welding interlayer 39 is less than 50% of the diameter of the stirring pin, single-pass welding is performed; if the thickness of the welding interlayer 39 is greater than or equal to 50% of the diameter of the stirring pin and less than 100% of the diameter of the stirring pin, performing single-pass welding or double-pass welding; if the thickness of the welding interlayer 39 is greater than 100% of the diameter of the stirring pin, performing twice welding; each position of the weld sandwich 39 may be agitated so that the weld sandwich 39 bonds well with the parent material. When the thickness of the welding interlayer 39 is smaller than 50% of the diameter of the stirring pin, and when the thickness of the welding interlayer 39 is larger than 100% of the diameter of the stirring pin, the particle size of aluminum powder in the intermediate layer raw material is 60% -90% of that of aluminum powder in the base material raw material, so that the cost is reduced, and the manufacturing difficulty of the second plate is reduced. When the thickness of the welding interlayer 39 is greater than or equal to 50% of the diameter of the stirring pin and less than 100% of the diameter of the stirring pin, better connection effect can be obtained by adopting two times of welding compared with single times of welding, and the grain size of aluminum powder in the interlayer raw material is required to be 15% -30% of the grain size of aluminum powder in the base material raw material so as to adapt to secondary growth of crystal grains in the welding interlayer 39.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the two-pass welding is performed by stirring the gap between the first base material and the intermediate layer in the first-pass welding, and stirring the gap between the second base material and the intermediate layer in the second-pass welding.
The stirring pin melts the welding interlayer 39 and the base material locally, when the welding tool moves forwards along the welding interface, the plasticized material flows from the front part to the rear part of the welding tool under the action of the rotating friction force of the welding tool, and a compact solid-phase welding seam is formed under the extrusion of the welding tool, although the crystal grains in the base material and the welding interlayer 39 are grown up, the small crystal grain size of the middle layer can counteract the crystal grain growth caused by heat input in the friction stir welding process, and the crystal grain size of a welding seam area is effectively controlled, so that the bonding strength of the welding joint can be improved. On the other hand, the use of small-particle-size aluminum powder can introduce more 3D net-shaped Al 2 O 3 The method plays roles of load transmission and pinning grain boundary in the welding process, can further control grain growth, realizes good welding of the aluminum matrix composite, and improves the strength of a welded joint.
Specifically, in friction stir welding, the shaft shoulder pressing amount is 0.1mm-3mm, the inclination angle of the stirring needle is 0-3 degrees, the rotating speed of the stirring needle is 400rpm-1600rpm, and the advancing speed is 50 mm/min-400 mm/min.
Example 1
Aluminum powder with the average particle size of 1.5mm and boron carbide particles with the content of 7mm and the weight percentage of 10 percent are blended by a powder metallurgy method to prepare an aluminum-based composite material plate, and the obtained plate is processed to 150mm by 85mm by 6mm to serve as a base metal to be welded. In addition, the plate prepared by using aluminum powder with the average particle size of 1.3mm under the same component content and the same process is processed to 150mm by 4mm by 6mm to be used as a welding interlayer. And polishing the parent metal to be welded and the interlayer by using sand paper, and cleaning the treated plate by using absolute ethyl alcohol. Is placed on a workbench according to the arrangement of figure 1 and clamped by a fixture. And positioning the stirring pin in the middle of the welding interlayer, and welding at a welding rotating speed of 800rpm and a welding speed of 100mm/min after rotating and pressing the stirring pin into the plate to be welded. The shaft shoulder pressing amount is 0.2mm, and the inclination angle of the stirring needle is 2.5 degrees. The stirring pin is a conical thread, the diameter of the root is 8mm, the length of the pin is 5.7mm, and the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 15mm. And testing the welded joint strength of the welded plate according to national standard GB/T2651-2008 'method for tensile test of welded joint', and comparing the welded joint strength with the strength of a base material. The strength of the welded joint obtained by this example was 96% of the strength of the base material.
Example 2
Aluminum powder with the average particle size of 1.5mm and boron carbide particles with the content of 7mm and the weight percentage of 10 percent are blended by a powder metallurgy method to prepare an aluminum-based composite material plate, and the obtained plate is processed to 150mm by 85mm by 6mm to serve as a base metal to be welded. In addition, the plate prepared by using aluminum powder with the average particle size of 1.3mm under the same component content and the same process is processed to 150mm by 6mm to serve as a welding interlayer. And polishing the parent metal to be welded and the interlayer by using sand paper, and cleaning the treated plate by using absolute ethyl alcohol. Is placed on a workbench according to the arrangement of figure 1 and clamped by a fixture. And positioning the stirring pin in the middle of the welding interlayer, and welding at a welding rotating speed of 800rpm and a welding speed of 100mm/min after rotating and pressing the stirring pin into the plate to be welded. The shaft shoulder pressing amount is 0.2mm, and the inclination angle of the stirring needle is 2.5 degrees. The stirring pin is a conical thread, the diameter of the root is 8mm, the length of the pin is 5.7mm, and the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 15mm. And testing the welded joint strength of the welded plate according to national standard GB/T2651-2008 'method for tensile test of welded joint', and comparing the welded joint strength with the strength of a base material. The strength of the welded joint obtained by this example was 94% of the strength of the base material.
Example 3
Aluminum powder with the average particle size of 1.5mm and boron carbide particles with the content of 7mm and the weight percentage of 10 percent are blended by a powder metallurgy method to prepare an aluminum-based composite material plate, and the obtained plate is processed to 150mm by 85mm by 6mm to serve as a base metal to be welded. In addition, the plate prepared by using aluminum powder with the average particle size of 1.3mm under the same component content and the same process is processed to 150mm by 6mm to serve as a welding interlayer. And polishing the parent metal to be welded and the interlayer by using sand paper, and cleaning the treated plate by using absolute ethyl alcohol. The steel plate is placed on a tooling backing plate according to the arrangement mode shown in fig. 1, clamped by a tooling, and friction stir welding is carried out twice. The stirring pin is positioned at the position 2mm far left in the middle of the welding interlayer for first-pass welding, the stirring head is positioned at the position 2mm far right in the middle of the welding interlayer for second-pass welding after the stirring pin is completed, and the state of a welding seam after the two-pass welding is shown in figure 2. The welding process parameters of the two times are the same, the welding rotating speed is 800rpm, the welding speed is 100mm/min, the shaft shoulder pressing amount is 0.2mm, and the inclination angle of the stirring needle is 2.5 degrees. The stirring pin is a conical thread, the diameter of the root is 8mm, the length of the pin is 5.7mm, and the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 15mm. And testing the welded joint strength of the welded plate according to national standard GB/T2651-2008 'method for tensile test of welded joint', and comparing the welded joint strength with the strength of a base material. The strength of the welded joint obtained by this example was 91% of the strength of the base material.
Example 4
Aluminum powder with the average particle diameter of 2.5mm and boron carbide particles with the content of 7mm and the weight percent of 10 percent are blended by a powder metallurgy method to prepare an aluminum-based composite material plate, and the obtained plate is processed to 150mm by 85mm by 6mm to be used as a base metal to be welded. In addition, the plate prepared by using aluminum powder with the average particle size of 1.3mm under the same component content and the same process is processed to 150mm by 4mm by 6mm to be used as a welding interlayer. And polishing the parent metal to be welded and the interlayer by using sand paper, and cleaning the treated plate by using absolute ethyl alcohol. Is placed on a workbench according to the arrangement of figure 1 and clamped by a fixture. And positioning the stirring pin in the middle of the welding interlayer, and welding at a welding rotating speed of 800rpm and a welding speed of 100mm/min after rotating and pressing the stirring pin into the plate to be welded. The shaft shoulder pressing amount is 0.2mm, and the inclination angle of the stirring needle is 2.5 degrees. The stirring pin is a conical thread, the diameter of the root is 8mm, the length of the pin is 5.7mm, and the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 15mm. The tensile test was conducted on the butt welded plate according to national standard GB/T2651-2008 "tensile test method for welded joint", and it was found that all the samples were broken from the base material, indicating that the strength of the welded joint obtained by this example exceeded the strength of the base material.
Comparative example 1
Aluminum powder with the average particle size of 1.5mm and boron carbide particles with the content of 7mm and the weight percentage of 10 percent are blended by a powder metallurgy method to prepare an aluminum-based composite material plate, and the obtained plate is processed to 150mm by 85mm by 6mm to serve as a base metal to be welded. And directly butting the plates to be welded on a workbench, and clamping by using a tool. And positioning the stirring head at the joint, and welding at a welding speed of 800rpm and a welding speed of 100mm/min after rotating and pressing the stirring head into the plate to be welded. The shaft shoulder pressing amount is 0.2mm, and the inclination angle of the stirring needle is 2.5 degrees. The stirring pin is a conical thread, the diameter of the root is 8mm, the length of the pin is 5.7mm, and the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 15mm. And testing the welded joint strength of the welded plate according to national standard GB/T2651-2008 'method for tensile test of welded joint', and comparing the welded joint strength with the strength of a base material. The welded joint strength obtained in this example was 76% of the base material strength, and was inferior to those in examples 1, 2 and 3.
Comparative example 2
Aluminum powder with the average particle diameter of 2.5mm and boron carbide particles with the content of 7mm and the weight percent of 10 percent are blended by a powder metallurgy method to prepare an aluminum-based composite material plate, and the obtained plate is processed to 150mm by 85mm by 6mm to be used as a base metal to be welded. And directly butting the plates to be welded on a workbench, and clamping by using a tool. And positioning the stirring head at the joint, and welding at a welding speed of 800rpm and a welding speed of 100mm/min after rotating and pressing the stirring head into the plate to be welded. The shaft shoulder pressing amount is 0.2mm, and the inclination angle of the stirring needle is 2.5 degrees. The stirring pin is a conical thread, the diameter of the root is 8mm, the length of the pin is 5.7mm, and the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 15mm. The strength of the welded joint is tested according to national standard GB/T2651-2008 tensile test method of welded joint, and is compared with the strength of the base material. The strength of the welded joint obtained in this example was 79% of the base material strength, and was lower than that obtained in example 4.
Therefore, the aluminum-based composite material prepared by the aluminum powder with small grain size is used as the welding interlayer, the grain size of the interlayer is small, and more three-dimensional netlike Al is formed 2 O 3 The introduction of the alloy can control the grain size of the welding line area of the joint, so that the strength of the joint is equivalent to that of the base material.
In the description of the present specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "certain embodiments," "an exemplary embodiment," "an example," "a particular example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, such changes and modifications are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The middle layer for welding the aluminum-based composite material is characterized in that the middle layer is sheet-shaped, the outlines of two sides of the middle layer are consistent with the outline of a surface to be welded of a base material, the middle layer raw material consists of aluminum powder and reinforcing filler, the proportion of the middle layer raw material is consistent with that of the base material raw material, the specification of the reinforcing filler in the middle layer raw material is consistent with that of the reinforcing filler in the base material raw material, and the particle size of the aluminum powder in the middle layer raw material is smaller than that of the aluminum powder in the base material raw material.
2. The intermediate layer for welding an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of aluminum powder in the intermediate layer raw material is 15% -90% of the particle size of aluminum powder in the base material raw material.
3. The interlayer for aluminum matrix composite welding according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the interlayer is 10% -150% of the diameter of a stirring pin in friction stir welding.
4. The interlayer for welding of aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, which is suitable for aluminum-based composite material in which the particle size of aluminum powder in the base material is 1.5 μm to 30 μm.
5. The interlayer for welding an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, which is suitable for an aluminum-based composite material containing 5 to wt to 30wt% of reinforcing filler in a base material.
6. A method for manufacturing an intermediate layer for welding an aluminum-based composite material, comprising the steps of:
weighing aluminum powder and reinforcing filler, wherein the consumption and the specification of the reinforcing filler are consistent with those of the reinforcing filler in the base material of the aluminum-based composite material to be welded, the consumption of the aluminum powder is consistent with that of the aluminum powder in the base material, and the particle size of the aluminum powder is smaller than that of the aluminum powder in the base material;
sequentially mixing, pressing and sintering to obtain a second plate with the cross section shape consistent with the shape of the surface to be welded of the base material;
and slicing the second plate to obtain an intermediate layer for welding the aluminum-based composite material.
7. The method for producing an intermediate layer for welding an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 6, wherein the particle size of the aluminum powder is 15% -90% of the particle size of the aluminum powder in the base material.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the thickness of the cut sheet is 10% -150% of the diameter of the stirring pin in friction stir welding.
9. A welding method for aluminum-based composite materials, comprising the steps of:
polishing and cleaning the intermediate layer for aluminum matrix composite welding manufactured by the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, polishing and cleaning the first base material and the second base material to be welded;
sandwiching the intermediate layer between surfaces to be welded of the first base material and the second base material, and abutting the surfaces to be welded of the first base material and the second base material against both surfaces of the intermediate layer in a contour fit manner;
and pressing a stirring pin into the middle layer to perform friction stir welding.
10. The welding method for an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 9, wherein in the friction stir welding, if the thickness of the intermediate layer is less than 50% of the diameter of the stirring pin, single-pass welding is performed; if the thickness of the middle layer is greater than or equal to 50% of the diameter of the stirring pin and less than 100% of the diameter of the stirring pin, performing single-pass welding or double-pass welding; if the thickness of the middle layer is greater than 100% of the diameter of the stirring pin, performing twice welding;
and the two times of welding are stirring gaps between the first base material and the middle layer during the first time of welding, and stirring gaps between the second base material and the middle layer during the second time of welding.
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