CN117143250A - 一种IL-15/IL-15Rα融合基因、载体、工程化脂肪细胞及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种IL-15/IL-15Rα融合基因、载体、工程化脂肪细胞及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种IL‑15/IL‑15Rα融合基因、载体、工程化脂肪细胞及其制备方法,属于生物医用材料技术领域。本发明通过共表达IL‑15及其受体IL‑15Rα提升IL‑15蛋白在体内的稳定性及半衰期,另外通过构建IL‑15/IL‑15Rα/mCherry共翻译剪切表达载体,实现荧光成像,从而能够对药物递送过程进行实时监测;进一步将IL‑15/IL‑15Rα/mCherry基因序列整合到脂肪细胞基因组中,获得的工程化脂肪细胞能够显著激活NK细胞和CD8T细胞,对肿瘤细胞产生免疫杀伤作用。而且免疫细胞因子IL‑15/IL‑15Rα蛋白的分泌表达,可以重新激活受抑制的免疫细胞,进行多种模式联合治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医用材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种IL-15/IL-15Rα融合基因、载体、工程化脂肪细胞及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着纳米技术的发展,大量有机、无机、复合纳米粒子作为药物和/或基因递送载体应用于恶性肿瘤治疗的医学研究和临床试验;然而,在临床应用和研究中纳米递送系统仍有诸多问题没有得到妥善解决,如药物担载率低(<10%,w/w),仅能作为佐剂,没有直接的治疗作用,而且其代谢产物还会引起短期或长期毒性;甚至,有些载体与细胞表面受体的相互作用会引起干扰素应答、细胞因子风暴和/或淋巴细胞激活等不良免疫反应,影响治疗效果。为克服以上多种问题,人体自身“循环细胞”递送载体开始出现,在各种循环细胞中,红细胞、白细胞、干细胞是近年来以细胞为基础的药物递送研究领域的热点,在生物医学和材料科学领域引起了广泛的关注。尤其是最近几年,随着研究的深入,许多学者不断尝试将循环细胞载体与化疗、免疫治疗、代谢治疗等不同治疗方式联合起来作用肿瘤细胞以期提高治疗效果。免疫治疗是利用递送载体将治疗药物递送到治疗部位后激活或提高系统免疫功能来杀死肿瘤细胞,这种治疗方式要求递送系统能够克服多种生理病理屏障实现靶向、可控释放;同时可以有效解决实体瘤免疫治疗中的应答率低、免疫相关副反应问题,将“冷肿瘤””转化为“热肿瘤”,而以细胞为基础药物递送系统正好满足这一条件。尽管细胞载体对病理环境的趋化性为肿瘤、脑部疾病等的靶向治疗提供了新的治疗途径,但是目前的几类细胞载体在药物递送过程中仍然存在亟待解决的问题:细胞载体的来源、纯化、储存、生存周期、药物担载率等都限制其实际应用;与此同时,整合纳米药对循环细胞功能的影响仍未知,需更多药代动力学和药效学实验来证实细胞载体的抗肿瘤优势。因此,脂肪细胞(Adipocytes)由于其本身独特的疏水性结构、体外诱导转化/分离纯化容易、体内存在广泛等优势使其在药物担载能力、制备方法和生物安全性上都显得尤为出众,作为新型药物递送载体引起各个领域专家和学者的广泛关注。
特别是,肿瘤相关脂肪细胞(tumor-associated adipocytes,TAA)广泛存在于肿瘤组织周围的微环境中,不仅可以通过炎症、血管生成、纤维化等方式间接作用肿瘤细胞,还可以通过脂肪炎性因子旁分泌信号,如激素、生长因子、细胞因子等,直接作用肿瘤细胞。在黑色素瘤中,白色脂肪细胞可以通过脂肪酸结合蛋白4(FABP4)转移脂质到肿瘤细胞中,诱导其代谢重编程、生长及侵袭。在前列腺癌中,脂肪细胞分泌趋化因子配体7,刺激趋化因子3阳性肿瘤细胞向前列腺周围脂肪组织(前列腺癌复发的常见区域)迁移。脂肪炎性因子还可以通过自分泌效应间接调节肿瘤的胰岛素抗性和炎性,如adiponectin在局部作用脂肪细胞,调节脂肪细胞的葡萄糖吸收、脂肪生成、脂质储存;leptin通过中枢神经系统调节脂肪细胞的脂质分解。总之,在肿瘤微环境中,基质脂肪细胞驱动肿瘤细胞代谢重编程,促进肿瘤发生;肿瘤细胞促进脂肪细胞分解代谢通路的激活,为肿瘤组成代谢提供底物。因此,脂肪细胞作为药物递送载体不仅可以利用自身独特结构提高药物的担载率,而且像特洛伊木马一样利用肿瘤细胞本身的代谢相关信号,实现药物的可控递送和释放,达到对癌细胞特异性的杀伤。尽管基于脂肪细胞为基础的药物递送系统在肿瘤治疗领域的研究取得了一定的进展,但目前的治疗体系主要利用脂溶性药物来改造脂肪细胞,而脂溶性药物在改造脂肪细胞提高药物担载量的同时,也影响脂肪细胞本身的生理活性和趋向性问题,从而降低治疗效果,也严重限制了脂肪细胞药物递送载体的临床应用。所以,如何构建获得一种基于脂肪细胞的新型多功能药物高效递送载体,一直是本领域亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于以脂肪细胞为载体,经免疫细胞因子IL-15/IL-15Rα的遗传工程化,构建具有免疫激活功能的高效复合药物递送体系。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供了以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种IL-15/IL-15Rα融合基因,所述融合基因为采用P2A序列连接IL-15和IL-15Rα。
优选的,所述融合基因的cDNA序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
本发明还提供了一种荧光蛋白融合基因,所述荧光蛋白融合基因为采用T2A序列将上述融合基因与荧光蛋白连接。
优选的,所述荧光蛋白包括绿色荧光蛋白和红色荧光蛋白;所述荧光蛋白为红色荧光蛋白时,所述荧光蛋白融合基因的cDNA序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示;所述荧光蛋白为绿色荧光蛋白时,所述荧光蛋白融合基因的cDNA序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示。
本发明还提供了一种含有上述融合基因或上述荧光蛋白融合基因的载体。
优选的,所述载体包括pcDNA3.1(+)载体。
本发明还提供了一种IL-15/IL-15Rα工程化脂肪细胞,所述工程化脂肪细胞能够表达上述融合基因或上述荧光蛋白融合基因。
本发明还提供了一种上述IL-15/IL-15Rα工程化脂肪细胞的构建方法,包括如下步骤:将上述载体转染至脂肪细胞中,筛选表达上述融合基因或上述荧光蛋白融合基因的脂肪细胞株。
优选的,所述脂肪细胞包括小鼠脂肪细胞3T3-F442A和3T3-L1。
本发明还提供了一种上述融合基因或上述荧光蛋白融合基因或上述载体或上述工程化脂肪细胞或上述构建方法在制备防治肿瘤药物中的应用。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明提供了一种基于脂肪细胞的新型多功能药物高效递送载体,通过分子生物学手段构建IL-15/IL-15Rα共翻译剪切表达载体,通过共表达IL-15及其受体IL-15Rα提升IL-15蛋白在体内的稳定性及半衰期。另外通过构建CMV启动子启动的三顺反子IL-15/IL-15Rα/mCherry共翻译剪切表达载体,实现荧光成像,从而能够对药物递送过程进行实时监测;进一步利用细胞工程手段将IL-15/IL-15Rα/mCherry基因序列整合到脂肪细胞基因组中,并筛选稳定表达IL-15/IL-15Rα/mCherry脂肪细胞株AdipocytesIL-15/IL-15Rα,通过IL-15基因修饰实现改变脂肪细胞生物学性状及抗肿瘤作用机制。
本发明利用脂肪细胞表达IL-15/IL-15Rα复合蛋白进而激活NK细胞,对肿瘤细胞产生更强的免疫杀伤作用。脂肪细胞巨大的脂滴结构使其具有巨大药物负载能力,脂肪细胞优越的生物相容性,能够大大降低细胞毒性和免疫原性,提高作用位点处有效作用浓度和体内循环时间,另外,脂肪细胞与肿瘤细胞的交互作用可以有效控制药物的递送和释放。而且免疫细胞因子IL-15/IL-15Rα蛋白的分泌表达,可以重新激活受抑制的免疫细胞,进行多种模式联合治疗。
附图说明
图1为pIRM结构示意图;
图2为稳定表达IL-15/IL-15Rα/mCherry融合蛋白的3T3-F442AIRM细胞系的荧光检测结果;
图3为采用标准品确定的浓度和吸光度标准曲线;
图4为1×105个3T3-F442AIRM细胞上清液中IL-15/IL-15Rα的浓度;
图5为本发明IL-15/IL-15Rα工程化脂肪细胞外扩增脾NK、CD8 T细胞结果,其中A为流式细胞仪分析NK、CD8 T细胞的结果,B为共培养后,脾淋巴细胞中NK细胞的百分比,C为共培养后,脾淋巴细胞中CD8 T细胞的百分比,D为共培养后,上清液中IFN-γ的浓度结果;
图6为不同组别抑制B16F10肿瘤生长结果,其中A为各组荷瘤小鼠体重变化;B为肿瘤生长曲线;C为肿瘤照片;D为肿瘤重量;
图7为给药后各器官的代表性H&E图像。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种IL-15/IL-15Rα融合基因,所述融合基因为采用P2A序列连接IL-15和IL-15Rα。
在本发明中,所述P2A序列的氨基酸序列为ATNFSLLKQAGDVEENPGP(SEQ ID NO.4),所述IL-15/IL-15Rα融合基因的cDNA序列优选的如SEQ ID NO.1所示。虽然IL-15信号是一种以提高NK细胞和CD8 T细胞应答为基础的、能够有效介导NK细胞免疫治疗的手段,但是IL-15蛋白半衰期短、体内生物活性低,导致其在肿瘤患者体内应答率低,使其应用具有一定的局限性。本发明采用P2A序列将IL-15和IL-15Rα进行连接,克服了上述缺陷。
本发明还提供了一种荧光蛋白融合基因,所述荧光蛋白融合基因为采用T2A序列将上述融合基因与荧光蛋白连接。
在本发明中,所述T2A序列的氨基酸序列为EGRGSLLTCGDVEENPGP(SEQ ID NO.5),所述荧光蛋白优选的包括绿色荧光蛋白和红色荧光蛋白;当所述荧光蛋白为红色荧光蛋白时,所述荧光蛋白融合基因的cDNA序列优选的如SEQ ID NO.2所示;所述荧光蛋白为绿色荧光蛋白时,所述荧光蛋白融合基因的cDNA序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示。
本发明还提供了一种含有上述融合基因或上述荧光蛋白融合基因的载体。在本发明中,所述载体优选的包括pcDNA3.1(+)载体,本发明对于pcDNA3.1(+)载体的具体来源没有特殊限定。
本发明还提供了一种IL-15/IL-15Rα工程化脂肪细胞,所述工程化脂肪细胞能够表达上述融合基因或上述荧光蛋白融合基因。本发明所述IL-15/IL-15Rα工程化脂肪细胞实现了将脂肪细胞分泌的IL-15/IL-15Rα复合蛋白免疫激活机制与工程化脂肪细胞药物递送能力有机结合,极大地提高了IL-15/IL-15Rα工程化脂肪细胞对肿瘤的防治效果。本发明提供的IL-15/IL-15Rα工程化脂肪细胞是一种理想的药物递送载体,其巨大的脂滴结构使其具有出色的药物负载能力,可以极大提升作用靶点处药物浓度,改善治疗效果;其优越的生物相容性,可以大大降低细胞毒性和免疫原性,增加体内循环时间;其与肿瘤细胞的交互作用信号可以有效控制药物的递送和释放;其易于被遗传修饰改造,进行多种模式联合治疗。
本发明还提供了一种上述IL-15/IL-15Rα工程化脂肪细胞的构建方法,包括如下步骤:将上述载体转染至脂肪细胞中,筛选表达上述融合基因或上述荧光蛋白融合基因的脂肪细胞株。
在本发明中,所述转染优选的采用2000转染试剂进行,所述脂肪细胞优选的包括小鼠脂肪细胞3T3-F442A和3T3-L1,本发明对于小鼠脂肪细胞3T3-F442A和3T3-L1的具体来源没有特殊限定。在本发明中,所述筛选优选的为采用G418进行筛选。
本发明还提供了一种上述融合基因或上述荧光蛋白融合基因或上述载体或上述工程化脂肪细胞或上述构建方法在制备防治肿瘤药物中的应用。
在本发明中,所述肿瘤优选的包括乳腺癌。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细的说明,但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
下述实施例中,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
以pcDNA3.1(+)为载体,以IL-15cDNA(GenBank:NM_001254747.4)、IL-15RαcDNA(GenBank:NM_001271497.1)作为表达目的基因,红色荧光蛋白(mCherry)作为报告基因,以porcine teschovirus的P2A序列(ATNFSLLKQAGDVEENPGP)和Thosea asigna virus的T2A序列(EGRGSLLTCGDVEENPGP)作为共翻译剪切序列,利用SnapGene 5.0.5软件优化IL-15-P2A-IL-15Rα-T2A的cDNA密码子序列,经集成DNA技术合成的cDNA在BamHⅠ和EcoRⅠ处插入到pcDNA3.1(+)载体,构建CMV启动子启动的三顺反子IL-15/IL-15Rα/mCherry复合蛋白共表达载体(IL-15/IL-15Rα/mCherry复合蛋白的cDNA序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示),记为pIRM(结构示意图如图1所示)。
用限制性内切酶BgⅢ线性化pIRM质粒后,经2000DNA/pIRM转染小鼠脂肪细胞3T3-F442A,在含有600μg/μL G418的RPMI 1640(含10%胎牛血清)中筛选、通过荧光显微镜检测(结果如图2所示),获得IL-15/IL-15Rα/mCherry复合蛋白稳定表达小鼠脂肪细胞3T3-F442AIRM。
通过ELISA方法检测3T3-F442AIRM培养基上清中的IL-15/IL-15Rα表达水平。将3×105个3T3-F442A或3T3-F442AIRM接种到6孔板中,每孔1.5mL培养液。在48h、60h时,收集1mL细胞培养上清液,离心后,按照Mouse IL-15/IL-15R ELISAKit(联科生物,Cat:EK215R/2-96)说明书操作,酶标仪检测各孔OD450和OD570。通过标准品确定浓度和吸光度标准曲线(见图3),测定各组上清液中IL-15/IL-15Rα浓度。收集各孔细胞,通过血球计数板计数,结果记录在表中。表格中的组别序号分别代表不同组别的平行试验,其中对照组进行两次平行试验,试验组分别进行三次平行试验。实验结果如表1和图4所示,稳定转染细胞培养48h后,IL-15/IL-15Rα在培养基上清中表达量为31.446pg/mL/1×105cells;60h时,IL-15/IL-15Rα表达量为41.798pg/mL/1×105cells。
表1 Elisa法测定3T3-F442AIRM上清液中IL-15/IL-15Rα的含量
48h 1x105个3T3-F442AIRM细胞产生IL-15/IL-15Rα的含量为31.446pg/mL
60h 1x105个3T3-F442AIRM细胞产生IL-15/IL-15Rα的含量为41.798pg/mL
实施例2
以pcDNA3.1(+)为载体,以IL-15cDNA(GenBank:NM_001254747.4)、IL-15RαcDNA(GenBank:NM_001271497.1)作为表达目的基因,绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)作为报告基因,以porcine teschovirus的P2A序列(ATNFSLLKQAGDVEENPGP)和Thosea asigna virus的T2A序列(EGRGSLLTCGDVEENPGP)作为共翻译剪切序列,利用SnapGene 5.0.5软件优化IL-15-P2A-IL-15Rα-T2A的cDNA密码子序列,经集成DNA技术合成的cDNA在BamHI和EcoR I处插入到pcDNA3.1(+)载体,构建CMV启动子启动的三顺反子IL-15/IL-15Rα/GFP复合蛋白共表达载体(IL-15/IL-15Rα/GFP复合蛋白的cDNA序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示),记为pIRG。
用限制性内切酶BgIII线性化pIRG质粒后,经2000DNA/pIRG转染小鼠脂肪细胞3T3-L1,在含有600μg/μL G418的RPMI 1640(含10%胎牛血清)中筛选、通过荧光显微镜检测,获得IL-15/IL-15Rα/GFP复合蛋白稳定表达小鼠脂肪细胞3T3-L1IRG。
实施例3
将从小鼠体内直接提取的脾淋巴细胞(Lymphocytes)分别与3T3-F442A脂肪细胞(Adipocytes)或与实施例1所得脂肪细胞3T3-F442AIRM(AdipocytesIL-15/IL-15Rα)通过transwell板共培养,小室中接种5×104个Lymphocytes,下室接种5×105个Adipocytes或AdipocytesIL-15/IL-15Rα,每孔加入2mL RPMI 1640(含10%胎牛血清+1%青霉素/链霉素混合液)细胞培养液。以单独培养的脾淋巴细胞(Lymphocytes)为对照组,分别记为Lymphocytes组,Lymphocytes+Adipocytes组和Lymphocytes+AdipocytesIL-15/IL-15Rα组。添加1μg/mL CD3ε抗体作为第一信号,通过流式细胞仪分析从小鼠体内直接提取的淋巴细胞(Lymphocytes)、共培养48h和共培养96h的淋巴细胞表型,结果见图5A。
通过流式细胞仪检测结果,分别计算共培养后脾淋巴细胞中NK细胞和CD8 T细胞的百分比,结果分别见图5B和图5C所示。与Lymphocytes、Lymphocytes+Adipocytes两组相比,Lymphocytes+AdipocytesIL-15/IL-15Rα中NK、CD8 T细胞的占比均有显著增加,48h NK和CD8 T细胞增加了约1倍,96h NK细胞增加了近2倍,CD8 T细胞增加了约1.4倍。
相同方式共培养后,分别在24h和48h时,提取各组细胞上清液,离心后根据LEGENDMAXTM Mouse IFN-γELISAKit(biolegend,Cat:430807)说明书步骤检测上清液中IFN-γ的浓度,结果见图5D,IFN-γ是一种可溶性细胞因子,由固有免疫中NK细胞和抗原特异性免疫中CD8 T细胞分泌,诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡。结果表明,Lymphocytes+AdipocytesIL-15/IL-15Rα细胞上清液中IFN-γ显著高于Lymphocytes、Lymphocytes+Adipocytes两组,24h上清液中IFN-γ的浓度增加了约1.5倍,48h增加了约2.2倍。
实施例4
小鼠荷瘤
将1×106个B16-F10黑色素瘤细胞皮下注射到C57BL6小鼠右侧胁肋部,每日观察成瘤情况,用游标卡尺测量肿瘤体积。当肿瘤达到100mm3时,开始注射药物。肿瘤体积计算公式为:肿瘤体积=长×宽×宽/2。
小鼠给药
当肿瘤大小达到100mm3时,将小鼠随机分为4组,每组6只,分别于第1、5、8天腹腔注射不同的药物。包括(I)等量PBS作为对照组(PBS组),(II)1×109个分化3T3-F442A脂肪细胞(Adipocytes组),(III)0.2mg/kg IL-15/IL-15Rα融合蛋白(购自medchemexpress公司,货号:HY-P78558,记为IL-15/IL-15Rα组),(IV)1×109个稳转IL-15/IL-15Rα的分化3T3-F442A脂肪细胞(实施例1所得)(AdipocytesIL-15/IL-15Rα组)。
每天记录小鼠的体重。药物处理16天后,对动物实施安乐死。切除所有荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤并记录肿瘤重量。分离心、肝、脾、肺、肾,用10%的福尔马林缓冲液固定后,进行苏木精/伊红(H&E)染色,显微镜下观察。
结果如图6和图7所示。由图6可以看出,各组小鼠体重都在缓慢增长,差距并不明显(图6A)。PBS和空载体Adipocytes组肿瘤体积增长迅速,AdipocytesIL-15/IL-15Rα组肿瘤生长速度相对于IL-15/IL-15Rα组缓慢一些(图6B)。从荷瘤小鼠体内分离肿瘤组织,AdipocytesIL-15/IL-15Rα组肿瘤明显减少,抑癌效果明显(图6C、D)。将给药小鼠的心、肝、脾、肺、肾染色,可观察到各组药物均的没有明显毒性(图7)。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种IL-15/IL-15Rα融合基因,其特征在于,所述融合基因为采用P2A序列连接IL-15和IL-15Rα。
2.根据权利要求1所述的融合基因,其特征在于,所述融合基因的cDNA序列如SEQ IDNO.1所示。
3.一种荧光蛋白融合基因,其特征在于,所述荧光蛋白融合基因为采用T2A序列将权利要求1或2所述融合基因与荧光蛋白连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的荧光蛋白融合基因,其特征在于,所述荧光蛋白包括绿色荧光蛋白和红色荧光蛋白;所述荧光蛋白为红色荧光蛋白时,所述荧光蛋白融合基因的cDNA序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示;所述荧光蛋白为绿色荧光蛋白时,所述荧光蛋白融合基因的cDNA序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示。
5.含有权利要求1-2任意一项所述融合基因或权利要求3-4任意一项所述荧光蛋白融合基因的载体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的载体,其特征在于,所述载体包括pcDNA3.1(+)载体。
7.一种IL-15/IL-15Rα工程化脂肪细胞,其特征在于,所述工程化脂肪细胞能够表达权利要求1-2任意一项所述融合基因或权利要求3-4任意一项所述荧光蛋白融合基因。
8.权利要求7所述IL-15/IL-15Rα工程化脂肪细胞的构建方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将权利要求5或6所述载体转染至脂肪细胞中,筛选表达权利要求1-2任意一项所述融合基因或权利要求3-4任意一项所述荧光蛋白融合基因的脂肪细胞株。
9.根据权利要求8所述的构建方法,其特征在于,所述脂肪细胞包括小鼠脂肪细胞3T3-F442A和3T3-L1。
10.以下任意一项在制备防治肿瘤药物中的应用:
1)权利要求1-2任意一项所述融合基因;
2)权利要求3-4任意一项所述荧光蛋白融合基因;
3)权利要求5-6任意一项所述载体;
4)权利要求7所述工程化脂肪细胞;
5)权利要求8-9任意一项所述构建方法。
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