CN117121990A - Pond culture river crab sub-adult ripening feed and use method thereof - Google Patents

Pond culture river crab sub-adult ripening feed and use method thereof Download PDF

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CN117121990A
CN117121990A CN202310917375.3A CN202310917375A CN117121990A CN 117121990 A CN117121990 A CN 117121990A CN 202310917375 A CN202310917375 A CN 202310917375A CN 117121990 A CN117121990 A CN 117121990A
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meal
feed
mature
vitamin
feeding
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吴旭干
常国亮
邓登
成永旭
向朝林
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Huaian Alpha Agricultural And Animal Husbandry Co ltd
Huaiyin Normal University
Shanghai Ocean University
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Huaian Alpha Agricultural And Animal Husbandry Co ltd
Huaiyin Normal University
Shanghai Ocean University
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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Abstract

The application discloses a mature promoting feed for pond culture of river crab sub-adults and a use method thereof, wherein the mature promoting feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 18-33% of imported steam fish meal, 15-18% of soybean meal, 5-8% of peanut meal, 10-12% of rapeseed meal, 20-23.5% of secondary meal, 5-7% of cottonseed meal, 3-4% of shrimp head meal, 2% of spirulina powder, 2% of soybean phospholipid oil, 1% of lard, 1.0% of refined fish oil, 1.0% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.6-0.7% of choline chloride, 0.3-0.5% of compound vitamin, 0.3% of cholesterol and 0.8-1.0% of compound mineral substance. The mature promoting feed is used for feeding the river crabs in the pond, the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the mature molting of the sub-adults reach about 90% and 60% respectively, and the mature promoting feed is suitable for feed enterprises, river crab breeding enterprises and breeding farmers, promotes the mature molting, improves the breeding benefit and reduces the breeding risk.

Description

Pond culture river crab sub-adult ripening feed and use method thereof
The application relates to a sub-adult ripening feed for pond culture of river crabs, which is a divisional application of 2017, 01, 10, 201710015713.9 and a use method thereof.
Technical Field
The application relates to a sub-adult mature promoting feed for river crabs cultured in a pond and a use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture.
Background
The Eriocheir sinensis is called as river crab for short (hereinafter called as river crab for short), which is the most important cultivated crab in China, the cultivated yield of the national adult crab in 2014 reaches about 80 ten thousand tons, and the annual output value is more than 500 hundred million yuan. The pond culture process of river crabs is generally divided into two years, wherein the first year of the pond culture process is to culture the megalops into the species of the crabs (generally weighing 3-10 g), the culture density is generally higher, 10-20 ten thousand megalops are bred per mu, and finally 1-4 ten thousand crabs are cultivated; the method comprises the steps of breeding the crabs in the next year until the gonad of the crabs is developed to be mature, wherein the weight of the crabs is generally 100-200 g, the breeding density of the crabs is generally low, 700-1500 crabs are usually bred per mu, and finally 400-1000 commercial crabs are bred.
The adult crab culturing stage usually takes 5 molts, wherein the initial gonad development of the river crab after the last molting is started, and the second sex characteristics of the river crab are completely the same as those of the adult crab, so the fifth molting in the adult crab culturing stage is usually called mature molting or reproductive molting (Wang Wu and the like, 2013), and the river crab before reproductive molting is called sub-adult (Ge Yongchun and the like, 2016). The gonad, the liver pancreas and the muscle are the most main edible parts of the river crab, only the river crab with good gonad development has higher edible value and economic value, and the quick gonad development of the river crab needs to be carried out after reproductive molting. In the current cultivation production, high-quality baits are generally fed after the reproduction and molting of the river crabs, so that the gonadal development of the river crabs is promoted, the nutrition quality is improved, and the process is called fattening of the river crabs (Wu Xugan, 2004, etc.). Therefore, promoting mature molting of the river crabs is a necessary condition for fattening the river crabs and realizing early marketing.
Ripening (promoting mature molting) and fattening (gonad development) of river crabs are two distinct physiological processes and cultivation stages, and the nutritional requirements and management measures are different. At present, the maturation-promoting process is not paid attention to enough in the river crab culturing process, a special maturation-promoting feed and feeding management technology are lacked, most of culturing enterprises and farmers do not know the principle and method of river crab maturation promotion, usually river crab maturation promotion and fattening are mixed together, and in the later period of culturing, the river crabs are mainly promoted and fattened by feeding frozen trash fishes, corns and the like, so that the water quality of a pond is deteriorated, the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the mature and molted river crabs are influenced, and the effect of promoting the mature and molted river crabs is not achieved. The study of the subject group shows that the nutrition requirements of the river crabs before and after mature molting and the growth stage and the rapid gonad development stage are greatly different, such as: the requirements for cholesterol and phospholipids in the feed before and after the reproductive molting of the river crabs are high, and the feed is mainly used for the subsequent tissue growth, endogenous hormone synthesis, gonadal development and the like; the demand for highly unsaturated fatty acids before and after reproductive molting of river crabs is far lower than that in gonadal development stage, but more energy fatty acids are needed to supply energy during reproductive molting; the high content of protein is needed before and after the reproductive molting of the river crab to supply the rapid growth of the adult crab muscles after the reproductive molting, and the high content of fat-soluble vitamin is needed to promote the fat accumulation in the liver and pancreas of the river crab. In addition, the scientific use method of the ripening feed is very important, and the daily feeding amount, the daily feeding times, the feeding time, the feeding days and the like can influence the use effect of the ripening feed and the bait cost.
So far, no special ripening feed for pond culture of river crab subadults and a using method thereof are found at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the application is that: the feed is prepared according to the nutritional requirements before and after the mature molting of the river crabs, the culture environment conditions of the adult crabs in the pond and the nutrition metabolism characteristics, and scientific feeding is carried out on feeding time and feeding frequency, so that the sub-adult reproductive molting (mature molting) is promoted, and the survival rate and the weight gain rate after the molting are improved.
The application provides an application of a composition in improving weight gain rate of mature river crabs after molting,
the composition comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 18-33% of imported steam fish meal, 15-18% of soybean meal, 5-8% of peanut meal, 10-12% of rapeseed meal, 20-23.5% of secondary meal, 5-7% of cotton meal, 3-4% of shrimp head meal, 2% of spirulina powder, 2% of soybean phospholipid oil, 1% of lard, 1.0% of refined fish oil, 1.0% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.6-0.7% of choline chloride, 0.3-0.5% of compound vitamin, 0.3% of cholesterol and 0.8-1.0% of compound mineral.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components:
180kg of imported steam fish meal, 180kg of bean pulp, 80kg of peanut meal, 120kg of rapeseed meal, 235kg of secondary meal, 70kg of cotton seed meal, 40kg of shrimp head meal, 20kg of spirulina powder, 20kg of soybean lecithin oil, 10kg of lard, 10kg of refined fish oil, 10kg of monocalcium phosphate, 7kg of choline chloride, 5kg of compound vitamin, 3kg of cholesterol and 10kg of compound mineral substances;
or,
255kg of imported steam fish meal, 165kg of bean pulp, 65kg of peanut meal, 110kg of rapeseed meal, 217.5kg of secondary meal, 60kg of cotton meal, 35kg of shrimp head meal, 20kg of spirulina powder, 20kg of soybean lecithin oil, 10kg of lard, 10kg of refined fish oil, 10kg of monocalcium phosphate, 6.5kg of choline chloride, 4kg of compound vitamin, 3kg of cholesterol and 9kg of compound mineral;
or,
330kg of imported steam fish meal, 150kg of bean pulp, 50kg of peanut meal, 100kg of rapeseed meal, 200kg of secondary meal, 50kg of cotton meal, 30kg of shrimp head meal, 20kg of spirulina powder, 20kg of soybean lecithin oil, 10kg of lard, 10kg of refined fish oil, 10kg of monocalcium phosphate, 6kg of choline chloride, 3kg of compound vitamin, 3kg of cholesterol and 8kg of compound mineral substances.
The technical scheme of the application is as follows: the pond culture river crab sub-adult ripening feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 18-33% of imported steam fish meal, 15-18% of soybean meal, 5-8% of peanut meal, 10-12% of rapeseed meal, 20-23.5% of secondary meal, 5-7% of cottonseed meal, 3-4% of shrimp head meal, 2% of spirulina powder, 2% of soybean phospholipid oil, 1% of lard, 1.0% of refined fish oil, 1.0% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.6-0.7% of choline chloride, 0.3-0.5% of compound vitamin, 0.3% of cholesterol and 0.8-1.0% of compound mineral substance.
Preferably, the parameters of the nutritional ingredient content in the ripening feed are that the crude protein is 38-40%, the crude fat is 6-8%, the cholesterol is 0.4%, the total unsaturated fatty acid is 0.2-0.3%, the total carotenoid is 50mg/kg feed, the vitamin C is 0.1-0.15%, the vitamin E is 300-400mg/kg feed, the vitamin A is 60000-80000IU/kg feed, the vitamin D is 10000-20000IU/kg feed, the vitamin B1 is 80mg/kg feed, the vitamin B2 is 150mg/kg feed, and the vitamin B6 is 150mg/kg feed.
Preferably, the processing method of the ripening feed comprises the following steps: the preparation method comprises the steps of preparing various feed raw materials into hard granules or sinking puffed feed through superfine grinding, mixing, tempering and granulating, and adding fish oil and fat-soluble vitamins through post-spraying; the grain size of the feed is 3.5mm, and the length is 5mm; the feed has good stability in water, the dissolution rate of the feed after being soaked in water with the water temperature of 20 ℃ for 2 hours is less than 15%, and the feed still does not collapse after being soaked in water with the water temperature of 20 ℃ for 3 hours.
The application provides a use method of the ripening feed, which is characterized in that after the mature crabs are cultivated in a pond for the fourth molting, the ripening feed is continuously fed for 30-40 days until more than 90% of the mature crabs finish reproduction molting.
Preferably, after the adult crabs cultivated in the pond are molted for the fourth time, when the average daily water temperature in the pond is lower than 31 ℃, the mature promoting feed is continuously fed for 30-40 days until more than 90% of the adult crabs finish reproduction molting; when the water temperature of the pond is 25-30 ℃, the daily feeding amount of the ripening feed is usually 3-4% of the total weight of the river crabs; feeding twice a day, wherein the feeding amount in the morning is 30-40% of the whole day, the feeding time is about 7:00 a.m, and the feeding in a deep water area is the main; the feeding amount in the afternoon is 60-70% of the whole day, the feeding time is about 18:00 pm, and the shallow water area feeding is the main.
Preferably, the mature promoting feed is cultured in a pond in Yangtze river basin, the starting time of the mature promoting feed is usually 8 months old-8 months old, and the stopping time of the mature promoting feed is 9 months old-9 months old; the mature promoting feed is usually used for starting 7 months at the end of 7 months and stopping using at the end of 8 months to 9 months.
The application has the advantages that:
1. the nutrition-balanced mature promoting feed for the river crabs is prepared by regulating and controlling the total fat, the total protein content, the content and the proportion of highly unsaturated fatty acid and the content of key vitamins in the feed, and the mature promoting of the sub-adult premature reproduction and molting of the river crabs is promoted by combining scientific feeding, so that a good foundation is laid for the gonadogenesis and fattening of the river crabs.
2. The mature promoting feed for the river crabs improves the contents of phospholipids, cholesterol, energy-type fat sources and partial vitamins in the feed, increases the energy accumulation in the hepatopancreas of the river crabs, and scientifically uses the mature promoting feed through productive application practice, so that the mature promoting feed for the river crabs is cultivated in a pond to mature and molted for 10-15 days in advance, lays a foundation for realizing early marketing, and has the survival rate and the weight gain rate after mature molting of more than 90 percent and 60 percent respectively, thereby greatly improving the cultivation benefit.
3. According to the nutritional requirements of sub-adult reproductive molting, the environmental conditions of pond culture and the nutrition metabolism characteristics, the contents of fish oil and highly unsaturated fatty acid in the ripening feed are properly reduced, the contents of part of protein, phospholipid, cholesterol and part of vitamin are improved, the ripening cultivation effect is improved, and the formula cost of the ripening feed is properly reduced.
4. The anti-stress capability and the immunity of the river crab subadults are improved through the nutrition regulation and control in the feed, so that the culture survival rate is improved.
5. The mature promoting feed for river crab replaces the fresh and frozen trash fish, corn, snail and the like widely used in the current adult crab culture, improves the utilization rate of the feed for adult crab, and reduces the pollution of the feed to the pond water quality.
6. The river crab ripening feed improves the protein content in the ripening feed, properly reduces the fat content, is beneficial to reducing the feeding workload in the later period of adult crab cultivation and reduces the labor cost.
7. The method has the advantages that the ripening starting time, the ripening ending time, the feeding days, the feeding times and the feeding amount of the ripening feed of the sub-adult river crabs are scientifically mastered, so that the ripening effect, the survival rate and the weight gain rate are improved, the bait cost is reduced, and the economic benefit of river crab culture is improved.
8. The river crab ripening feed has good use effect, lower feed cost, convenient popularization in river crab culture production, suitability for feed enterprises, river crab culture enterprises and culture farmers, and stronger practical value.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present application will be further described with reference to specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the technical solution of the present application.
Example 1 production of 1000 kg of feed according to the application the following raw materials were taken:
180kg of imported steam fish meal, 180kg of bean pulp, 80kg of peanut meal, 120kg of rapeseed meal, 235kg of secondary meal, 70kg of cotton meal, 40kg of shrimp head meal, 20kg of spirulina powder, 20kg of soybean lecithin oil, 10kg of lard, 10kg of refined fish oil, 10kg of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 7kg of choline chloride, 5kg of compound vitamin, 3kg of cholesterol and 10kg of compound mineral substances; the raw materials are subjected to superfine grinding, mixing, tempering and granulating to prepare hard granular feed, fish oil and fat-soluble vitamins are added through spraying, the grain size of the feed is 3.5mm, and the length is 5mm; after the fourth exuviation of the adult crabs cultivated in the pond, when the average daily water temperature in the pond is lower than 31 ℃, continuously feeding the mature promoting feed for 30 days until more than 90% of the adult crabs finish reproduction exuviation; the daily feeding amount of the ripening feed is 4% of the total weight of the river crabs (the water temperature of a pond is 25-30 ℃), the feeding is twice daily, the feeding amount in the morning is 40% of the total day, the feeding time is about 7:00 a.m., and the feeding is mainly performed in a deep water area; the feeding amount in the afternoon accounts for 60% of the whole day, the feeding time is about 18:00 pm, and the shallow water area feeding is the main; the water quality and aquatic weed management technology is the same as the common river crab culture technology.
Example 2: 1000 kg of the feed of the application is produced by taking the following raw materials:
255kg of imported steam fish meal, 165kg of bean pulp, 65kg of peanut meal, 110kg of rapeseed meal, 217.5kg of secondary meal, 60kg of cotton meal, 35kg of shrimp head meal, 20kg of spirulina powder, 20kg of soybean lecithin oil, 10kg of lard, 10kg of refined fish oil, 10kg of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 6.5kg of choline chloride, 4kg of compound vitamin, 3kg of cholesterol and 9kg of compound mineral; the raw materials are subjected to superfine grinding, mixing, tempering and granulating to prepare a sinking puffed feed, fish oil and fat-soluble vitamins are added through post-spraying, the grain size of the feed is 3.5mm, and the length of the feed is 5mm; after the fourth molting of the adult crabs cultivated in the pond, when the average daily water temperature of the pond is lower than 31 ℃, continuously feeding the mature-promoting feed for 35 days until more than 90% of the adult crabs finish reproduction molting; the daily feeding amount of the ripening feed is usually 3.5% of the total weight of the river crabs (the water temperature of a pond is 25-30 ℃), the feeding is performed twice a day, the feeding amount in the morning is 35% of the total day, the feeding time is about 7:00 a.m., and the feeding is mainly performed in a deep water area; the feeding amount in the afternoon accounts for 65% of the whole day, the feeding time is about 18:00 pm, and the shallow water area feeding is the main; the water quality and aquatic weed management technology is the same as the common river crab culture technology.
Example 3: 1000 kg of the feed of the application is produced by taking the following raw materials:
330kg of imported steam fish meal, 150kg of bean pulp, 50kg of peanut meal, 100kg of rapeseed meal, 200kg of secondary meal, 50kg of cotton meal, 30kg of shrimp head meal, 20kg of spirulina powder, 20kg of soybean lecithin oil, 10kg of lard, 10kg of refined fish oil, 10kg of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 6kg of choline chloride, 3kg of compound vitamin, 3kg of cholesterol and 8kg of compound mineral substances; the raw materials are subjected to superfine grinding, mixing, tempering and granulating to prepare hard granular feed, fish oil and fat-soluble vitamins are added through spraying, the grain size of the feed is 3.5mm, and the length is 5mm; after the fourth exuviation of the adult crabs cultivated in the pond, when the average daily water temperature in the pond is lower than 31 ℃, continuously feeding the mature-promoting feed for 40 days until more than 90% of the adult crabs finish reproduction exuviation; the daily feeding amount of the ripening feed is usually 3% of the total weight of the river crabs (the water temperature of a pond is 25-30 ℃), the feeding is twice daily, the feeding amount in the morning is 30% of the total day, the feeding time is about 7:00 a.m., and the feeding is mainly performed in a deep water area; the feeding amount in the afternoon accounts for 70% of the whole day, the feeding time is about 18:00 pm, and the shallow water area feeding is the main; the water quality and aquatic weed management technology is the same as the common river crab culture technology.
The feed produced in examples 1-3 above was used to feed river crabs, and its productivity was as follows, compared with the conventional river crab feed, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 feeding Effect data
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the application. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the examples, which are given by way of illustration only, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the application as defined in the appended claims. The scope of the application is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (8)

1. An application of a composition in improving weight gain rate of mature river crabs after molting, wherein the composition comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 18-33% of imported steam fish meal, 15-18% of soybean meal, 5-8% of peanut meal, 10-12% of rapeseed meal, 20-23.5% of secondary meal, 5-7% of cotton meal, 3-4% of shrimp head meal, 2% of spirulina powder, 2% of soybean phospholipid oil, 1% of lard, 1.0% of refined fish oil, 1.0% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.6-0.7% of choline chloride, 0.3-0.5% of compound vitamin, 0.3% of cholesterol and 0.8-1.0% of compound mineral.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the composition has the following composition: 180kg of imported steam fish meal, 180kg of bean pulp, 80kg of peanut meal, 120kg of rapeseed meal, 235kg of secondary meal, 70kg of cotton seed meal, 40kg of shrimp head meal, 20kg of spirulina powder, 20kg of soybean lecithin oil, 10kg of lard, 10kg of refined fish oil, 10kg of monocalcium phosphate, 7kg of choline chloride, 5kg of compound vitamin, 3kg of cholesterol and 10kg of compound mineral substances;
or,
255kg of imported steam fish meal, 165kg of bean pulp, 65kg of peanut meal, 110kg of rapeseed meal, 217.5kg of secondary meal, 60kg of cotton meal, 35kg of shrimp head meal, 20kg of spirulina powder, 20kg of soybean lecithin oil, 10kg of lard, 10kg of refined fish oil, 10kg of monocalcium phosphate, 6.5kg of choline chloride, 4kg of compound vitamin, 3kg of cholesterol and 9kg of compound mineral;
or,
330kg of imported steam fish meal, 150kg of bean pulp, 50kg of peanut meal, 100kg of rapeseed meal, 200kg of secondary meal, 50kg of cotton meal, 30kg of shrimp head meal, 20kg of spirulina powder, 20kg of soybean lecithin oil, 10kg of lard, 10kg of refined fish oil, 10kg of monocalcium phosphate, 6kg of choline chloride, 3kg of compound vitamin, 3kg of cholesterol and 8kg of compound mineral substances.
3. The mature promoting feed for the sub-adults of the river crabs cultivated in the pond is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 18-33% of imported steam fish meal, 15-18% of soybean meal, 5-8% of peanut meal, 10-12% of rapeseed meal, 20-23.5% of secondary meal, 5-7% of cottonseed meal, 3-4% of shrimp head meal, 2% of spirulina powder, 2% of soybean phospholipid oil, 1% of lard, 1.0% of refined fish oil, 1.0% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.6-0.7% of choline chloride, 0.3-0.5% of compound vitamin, 0.3% of cholesterol and 0.8-1.0% of compound mineral substance.
4. The pond culture river crab sub-adult ripening feed according to claim 3, wherein the nutritional ingredients of the ripening feed are 38-40% of crude protein, 6-8% of crude fat, 0.4% of cholesterol, 0.2-0.3% of total highly unsaturated fatty acid, 50mg/kg of total carotenoid, 0.1-0.15% of vitamin C, 300-400mg/kg of vitamin E, 60000-80000IU/kg of vitamin A, 10000-20000IU/kg of vitamin D, 80mg/kg of vitamin B1, 150mg/kg of vitamin B2 and 150mg/kg of vitamin B6.
5. The mature-promoting feed for pond culture of river crab sub-adults according to claim 3, wherein the processing method of the mature-promoting feed is as follows: the preparation method comprises the steps of preparing various feed raw materials into hard granules or sinking puffed feed through superfine grinding, mixing, tempering and granulating, and adding fish oil and fat-soluble vitamins through post-spraying; the grain size of the feed is 3.5mm, and the length is 5mm; the feed has good stability in water, the dissolution rate of the feed after being soaked in water with the water temperature of 20 ℃ for 2 hours is less than 15%, and the feed still does not collapse after being soaked in water with the water temperature of 20 ℃ for 3 hours.
6. The method for using the mature promoting feed for sub-adults of pond-cultured river crabs according to any one of claims 3 to 5, which is characterized in that after the mature promoting feed is used for carrying out fourth molting on the pond-cultured river crabs, the mature promoting feed is continuously fed for 30 to 40 days until more than 90% of the adult crabs finish reproduction molting.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the daily feed rate of the ripening feed is typically 3-4% of the total weight of the river crab; feeding twice a day, wherein the feeding amount in the morning is 30-40% of the whole day, the feeding time is about 7:00 a.m, and the feeding in a deep water area is the main; the feeding amount in the afternoon is 60-70% of the whole day, the feeding time is about 18:00 pm, and the shallow water area feeding is the main.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the mature feed is used for a period of time ranging from 8 months at the beginning to 8 months at the beginning, and the mature feed is used for a period of time ranging from 9 months at the beginning to 9 months at the beginning; the mature promoting feed is usually used for starting 7 months at the end of 7 months and stopping using at the end of 8 months to 9 months.
CN202310917375.3A 2017-01-10 2017-01-10 Pond culture river crab sub-adult ripening feed and use method thereof Pending CN117121990A (en)

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CN108783084A (en) * 2017-06-21 2018-11-13 上海新饲料发展有限公司 Feed for river crab and preparation method thereof, application
CN108902546A (en) * 2018-06-20 2018-11-30 西南大学 A kind of Eriocheir sinensis fattening feed that can improve crab meat quality
CN111955623A (en) * 2020-07-27 2020-11-20 北部湾大学 Feed for improving generation and survival of soft-shell crabs and processing method thereof
CN113040293A (en) * 2021-04-14 2021-06-29 南京农业大学 Feed fat source for improving muscle flavor of river crabs and application research thereof

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CN105724829A (en) * 2016-02-25 2016-07-06 深圳市澳华农牧有限公司 Nutrient enrichment feed before overwintering of juvenile crabs of river crabs cultured in pond and using method thereof
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