CN117120333A - 具有粘合剂和防晒聚合物材料的膜的加压密封件的多层装配玻璃单元 - Google Patents

具有粘合剂和防晒聚合物材料的膜的加压密封件的多层装配玻璃单元 Download PDF

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CN117120333A
CN117120333A CN202280027482.2A CN202280027482A CN117120333A CN 117120333 A CN117120333 A CN 117120333A CN 202280027482 A CN202280027482 A CN 202280027482A CN 117120333 A CN117120333 A CN 117120333A
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glazing unit
sheet
film
plate
polymeric material
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A·杜福尔
E·林廷格尔
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于以可变的压力差界定两个空间的多层装配玻璃单元(1)，包括至少一个第一外板(2)，其通过密封剂(6)由气隙(3)与第二板(4)隔开，至少一个聚合物膜(5)，其主表面是粘合剂，并且其包括防晒层或堆叠体，膜(5)粘附到第一板(2)的面向第二板(4)的主表面和/或第二板(4)的两个主表面中的一个上或两者，和/或第一板(2)是层合装配玻璃单元(21，22，23)，并且膜(5)粘附到层合结构的内部主表面；以及涉及其作为加压飞机窗户的应用。

Description

具有粘合剂和防晒聚合物材料的膜的加压密封件的多层装配 玻璃单元
本发明涉及一种多层装配玻璃单元，用于界定两个具有彼此独立的可变压力的空间，所述可变压力特别是彼此可以或多或少不同的压力。典型的实例是商用飞机或商业喷气机的客舱窗户，其在飞机可以在相对高的高度移动时经受加压，而在地面移动时经受较低的压力。
该多层装配玻璃单元包括厚的外板，其机械地吸收了密封件内部和外部的不同压力，特别是通过弯曲，和一个较薄的内板，其平行于外板以距其一定距离安装，界定了一个中间气隙。后者通过内板中的通孔或多层装配玻璃单元的密封剂与密封件的内部大气相连。此外，内板的尺寸被设定为在外板破裂的情况下代替外板，以便吸收由于压力差而产生的机械应力。
对于具有外板和内板的多层装配玻璃单元，从外部开始，对应的四个面将编号为1至4。面1F1与外部大气接触，面4F4与密封件的体积接触。
本发明的目的是提供一种上述类型的具有防晒功能的多层装配玻璃单元。特别是从文献CA 2763423A1中已知，用薄防晒层的堆叠体，例如三层银，涂覆多个飞机装配玻璃单元的表面。尽管该文献不排除在面2F2、3F3或4F4上的这种涂层，但文献的实例描述了在面1F1上的涂层。还通常认识到，在日光辐射的最早可能阶段，将防晒涂层定位在装配玻璃单元中是有利的，因此在面1F1上的定位在满足该标准方面是最好的。然而，仍然需要以更容易实施的方式提供具有防晒功能的多层装配玻璃单元，从而允许容易地调节日光辐射的过滤程度。
该目的通过本发明实现，因此本发明以其目的形式具有一种用于界定具有可变压力差的两个空间的多层装配玻璃单元，特别是经受加压的密封件，其包括至少第一透明板，该第一透明板旨在在安装位置与外部大气接触，并且通过密封剂由气隙与第二透明板隔开，多层装配玻璃单元的外围部分嵌入在所述密封剂中，其特征在于，所述多层装配玻璃单元包括至少一个由聚合物材料制成的膜，该膜的一个主表面被功能化以用于其与基底的粘附和维护，并且该膜包括防晒层的层或堆叠体，这种聚合物膜粘附到第一板的面向第二板的主表面和/或粘附到第二板的两个主表面中的一个上或两者和/或第一板是层合装配玻璃单元，并且这种聚合物膜粘附到层合装配玻璃单元的组成部分在层合结构内部的主表面。
根据本发明，将日光控制粘合剂膜粘附到多层装配玻璃单元的面2F2、面3F3、面4F4，或在第一板是层合装配玻璃单元的情况下，粘附到在层合结构内部的主面上(即，在面1F1与面2F2之间的多层中间装配玻璃单元的厚度的水平处)。借助于本发明，可以容易地移除、更换一个或多个日光控制膜，以便修改、调节和适应日光辐射的过滤程度、日光系数，或者甚至在损坏膜的情况下。
根据本发明的最优选的第一变型，聚合物材料膜粘附到第二板的面向第一板的主表面。然后，膜不经受第一板的机械弯曲和应力，与第二板相反，所述第一板单独经受加压。此外，日光辐射首先遇到日光控制层或堆叠体，然后遇到(优选的)膜的粘合剂。
根据第二变型，在比第一变型较少优选的程度上，聚合物材料膜粘附到与第一板相对的第二板的主表面。与第一变型类似，膜不经受第一板的机械弯曲和应力。然而，相对于第一变型，不太有利的是膜在远离日光辐射的下游，该膜也在防晒层或堆叠体之前首先遇到膜的粘合剂，其同样是不利的。此外，如果需要，膜可以是可接近的，以与使用者直接接触，并因此不太受良好保护。
根据第三变型，比第二变型稍少优选，第一板是层合装配玻璃单元，并且聚合物材料膜粘附到层合装配玻璃单元的组成部分在层合的结构内部的主表面。尽管与第一变型相比，并且甚至与第二种变型相比，防晒膜更接近日光辐射，但是在这里它经受来自(经受加压的)第一层合板的机械弯曲和应力。首先将膜结合到玻璃片材或聚合物材料上，然后将该片材层合。在该第三变型中，优选地，组成部分在层合结构内部的所述主表面朝向由第一板组成的多层装配玻璃单元的外表面取向，而不朝向气隙和第二板取向，使得日光辐射在膜的粘合剂层之前首先遇到日光控制层或堆叠体。
根据第四变型，也优选地根据第三变型，聚合物材料膜粘附到第一板的面向第二板的主表面。膜经受第一板的强机械应力，并且其粘合剂层在其防晒涂层之前接收日光辐射。
这四种变型是完全可行的。然而，由于空气动力学应力，不能想象将防晒膜结合在多层装配玻璃单元的面1F1上，也就是说与外部大气接触。
优选地，第一板具有在1.5和20之间的厚度，优选地至多等于18mm的厚度，特别优选地至多等于16mm的厚度。这些相对大的厚度对于承受第一板的任一侧上的压力差是必要的，特别是为了限制其弯曲和松动的发生。该厚度与第一板的主表面成比例。
优选地，第二板的厚度为2mm至6mm，优选地为3mm至5mm。
优选地，第一板选自聚合物材料(例如聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA))的片材(其特别是拉伸的)、玻璃(例如钠钙玻璃、铝硅酸盐、硼硅酸盐，任选地硬化、热回火或化学强化)的片材、以及聚合物和/或玻璃材料的至少两个片材通过至少一个粘合剂夹层(例如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)或乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、硅酮、交联聚氨酯或交联聚甲基丙烯酸酯)彼此结合的层合装配玻璃单元。尤其是如果需要增强的耐温性，可以使用硅酮。也可以通过在两个基材之间浇注液体树脂来层合玻璃和/或聚合物材料的层。这些是聚合得到交联聚氨酯型聚合物夹层的树脂(异氰酸酯+多元醇)，或聚合得到交联聚甲基丙烯酸酯型聚合物夹层的树脂(甲基丙烯酸酯+热或UV催化剂)。
当第一板是聚合物材料片材，任选地是若干聚合物材料片材的层合体时，聚合物材料的总厚度在7和20之间，并且按照优选性增加的顺序，为18和16mm。当第一板是若干玻璃片材的层合体时，任选地是一个玻璃片材时，玻璃的总厚度在1.5和5mm之间。
优选地，第二板是丙烯酸系，例如由拉伸PMMA制成。
优选地，第二板或密封剂包括直径受控的小通孔，以使气隙与由多层装配玻璃单元在与第一板相对的侧上所界定的体积处于相同的压力下。
优选地，第三组成部分形成多层装配玻璃单元的与第一板相对的主表面，该第三组成部分为由另一气隙与第二板隔开的聚合物材料片材。该第三组成部分与客舱的内部体积或等同物接触。它由术语“防尘罩”或“罩保护”表示。在特别优选的方式中，所述第三组成部分是聚碳酸酯(PC)或等同物片材，并且支持电致变色功能。这种功能使得可以通过电激励电致变色层来使窗户变暗。
本发明的目的还在于上述多层装配玻璃单元作为经受加压的体积的装配玻璃单元的应用，特别是作为航空装配玻璃单元，特别是作为商用飞机或商业喷气机的装配玻璃单元，最特别是作为客舱窗户的应用。
现在通过以下对附图的描述来展示本发明，其中
图1是本发明的多层装配玻璃单元的所述第四变型的横截面；
图2是本发明的多层装配玻璃单元的所述第一变型的横截面；以及
图3是本发明的多层装配玻璃单元的所述第三变型的局部横截面。
参照图1，商用飞机客舱的窗户1由厚度为9.5至11mm的第一拉伸PMMA板2和4mm厚的第二拉伸PMMA板4组成。第一板2和第二板4在它们的外围嵌入硅酮密封剂6中，以彼此相距的一定距离，构成气隙3。
第一板2的厚度是其主表面的值的函数，以通过在其两个主表面上的压力差变化的情况下限制其挠曲而允许其承受第二板4侧上的舱室的加压。在第二板4中设置小通孔(未示出)，使得气隙3在第二板4的一侧处于舱室压力，并且第一板2仅承担窗户1的任一侧上的压力差所需的机械强度的功能。
聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)(PET)的日光控制膜5在一个面上设置有粘合剂层，通过该粘合剂层将粘合剂施加到第一板2的面向第二板4的主表面。膜5设置有薄防晒层的堆叠体，如具体在文献US 2018 362 395 A1中描述的。
图2的窗户1与图1的窗户的不同之处在于，膜5结合到第二板4的面向第一板2的主表面。尽管根据图2，膜5的防晒堆叠体比图1中的更远离日光辐射源，因此优选的是，与后者相反，其支撑件，即第二板4，不经受任何由舱室加压产生的机械应力(与第一板2相反)，并且此外，日光辐射在其粘合剂层之前首先遇到膜5的防晒堆叠体，这提高了膜5的耐久性。
参照图3，第一板2由层合的拉伸PMMA的第一外片材21组成，其通过热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)的粘合剂夹层22层合到拉伸PMMA在多层装配玻璃单元1内部的第二片材23。在层合之前将防晒膜5结合到片材23。根据该实施方案，与图1和2的实施方案相比，防晒堆叠体相对于日光辐射源更靠前，并且日光辐射确实如图2中在其粘合剂层之前遇到膜5的防晒堆叠体。然而，由后者表示的实施方案是优选的，因为图3的膜5由于第一板2、特别是第二片材23和粘合剂夹层22的机械应力、由于舱室加压而产生的机械应力而变得脆弱。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于界定具有可变压力差的两个空间的多层装配玻璃单元(1)，特别是经受加压的密封件，包括至少一个透明的第一板(2)，该第一板在安装位置中意在与外部大气接触，并且通过密封剂(6)由气隙(3)与第二透明板(4)隔开，多层装配玻璃单元(1)的外围部分嵌入在所述密封剂(6)中，其特征在于，所述多层装配玻璃单元包括至少一个聚合物材料膜(5)，该聚合物材料膜(5)的主表面被功能化以用于其粘附并且与基材保持，并且该聚合物材料膜(5)包括防晒层的层或堆叠体，这种聚合物材料膜(5)粘附到第一板(2)的面向第二板(4)的主表面和/或粘附到第二板(4)的两个主表面中的一个上或两者，和/或第一板(2)是层合的装配玻璃单元(21、22、23)，并且这种聚合物膜(5)粘附到层合装配玻璃单元(21、22、23)的组成部分(21、23)在层合结构内部的主表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多层装配玻璃单元(1)，其特征在于聚合物材料膜(5)粘附到面向第一板(2)的第二板(4)的主表面。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多层装配玻璃单元(1)，其特征在于，聚合物材料膜(5)粘附到与第一板(2)相对第二板(4)的主表面。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多层装配玻璃单元(1)，其特征在于，第一板(2)是层合装配玻璃单元(21、22、23)，并且所述聚合物材料膜(5)粘附到层合装配玻璃单元(21、22、23)的组成部分(21、23)在层合结构内部的主表面。
5.根据权利要求4所述的多层装配玻璃单元(1)，其特征在于，组成部分(23)在层合结构内部的所述主表面朝向由第一板(2)组成的多层装配玻璃单元(1)的外表面取向，而不朝向气隙(3)和第二板(4)取向。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多层装配玻璃单元(1)，其特征在于，聚合物材料膜(5)粘附到第一板(2)的面向第二板(4)的主表面。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多层装配玻璃单元(1)，其特征在于，第一板(2)具有1.5-20mm，优选至多等于18mm，特别优选至多等于16mm的厚度。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多层装配玻璃单元(1)，其特征在于，第二板(4)具有在2mm和6mm之间的厚度，优选地在3mm和5mm之间的厚度。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多层装配玻璃单元(1)，其特征在于，所述第一板(2)选自聚合物材料的片材，其特别是拉伸的，所述聚合物材料例如聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)，玻璃的片材，所述玻璃例如钠钙玻璃、铝硅酸盐玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃，任选地硬化、热回火或化学强化的，以及通过至少一个粘合夹层彼此结合的聚合物和/或玻璃材料的至少两个片材的层合装配玻璃单元，所述粘合剂夹层例如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、或乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)共聚物、硅酮、交联聚氨酯或交联聚甲基丙烯酸酯。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多层装配玻璃单元(1)，其特征在于，所述第二板(4)是丙烯酸系的，例如由拉伸PMMA制成。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多层装配玻璃单元(1)，其特征在于，所述第二板(4)或所述密封剂(6)包括直径受控的小通孔，使得气隙(3)处于与由多层装配玻璃单元(1)在与第一板(2)相对的侧上界定的体积相同的压力下。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多层装配玻璃单元(1)，其特征在于，第三组成部分形成所述多层装配玻璃单元的与第一板(2)相对的主表面，该第三组成部分为通过另一气隙与所述第二板(4)隔开的聚合物材料片材。
13.根据权利要求12所述的多层装配玻璃单元(1)，其特征在于，所述第三组成部分是聚碳酸酯(PC)或等同物片材并且支持电致变色功能。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多层装配玻璃单元(1)作为经受加压的体积的装配玻璃单元的应用。
15.根据权利要求14所述的应用，作为航空装配玻璃单元，特别是作为用于商用飞机或商业喷气机的装配玻璃单元。
16.根据权利要求15所述的应用，作为客舱窗户。
CN202280027482.2A 2021-04-09 2022-03-21 具有粘合剂和防晒聚合物材料的膜的加压密封件的多层装配玻璃单元 Pending CN117120333A (zh)

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