CN117085166A - 一种钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种钽‑海藻酸钙凝血酶微球及其制备方法和应用,属于医用材料技术领域。本发明利用海藻酸钠羧基与Ca2+形成海藻酸钙胶珠,采用乳化法将凝血酶包裹于海藻酸钙胶珠内。本发明在凝血酶微球乳化过程中包载X线可显影的钽纳米颗粒,赋予栓塞微球自身显影功能,术中可实时追踪栓塞微球的位置,精准操控,将大大提高介入操作的精准性,避免异位栓塞;同时在介入术后的复查中可辨认栓塞微球的位置,有利于准确评估栓塞范围及程度;对于载药微球而言,通过微球的精确定位,可间接指示药物释放的靶位置。该凝血酶微球可发挥“局部机械性栓塞+凝血酶缓释”的双重作用,从而预防血管再通及复发,提高栓塞效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医用材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
凝血酶是从猪或牛的血液中提取的凝血酶原经激活后得到的凝血酶无菌冻干品,作用于凝血过程的最后一步,使纤维蛋白原迅速转化为纤维蛋白,发挥高效止血作用。由于其止血作用过强,临床工作中推荐创口局部外用或口服用于消化道止血,但不能用于血管内直接注射,也不能皮下或肌内注射,防止出现局部血栓或坏死。因此,必须以高度可控的方式将凝血酶输送到治疗部位,最大程度降低对正常组织的影响、避免并发症。此外,凝血酶对环境因素要求较高,酶蛋白的高级结构是凭借氢键、疏水键和离子键等化学键维持,结构稳定性差,遇到酸、碱、重金属或高温时极易失活,与临床常用碘对比剂混合时也极易失活。此外,凝血酶的血浆半衰期较短,不足15s。
基于上述特点,拟用于血管内栓塞的凝血酶微球,一方面要具有缓释的特点,短时间内释放量不能过大,否则会由于凝血酶随血液流动而增加其他部位血栓形成的风险;另一方面栓塞微球需要与碘对比剂混合使用,会影响凝血酶活性。因此,保护凝血酶活性不被破坏也是一关键问题。
目前,临床常用的介入栓塞微球存在自身无法在X射线、CT或MRI下显影的缺点,在体内无法实时跟踪和定位,因而,无法准确判断微球在血管中的分布情况和栓塞部位,仅能凭借与外源性碘对比剂(如碘海醇、碘佛醇)的混合来辅助追踪微球位置,术后无法确认栓塞微球的确切位置,影响疗效评价。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球及其制备方法和应用,所述钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球可保护凝血酶活性不受破坏,且有利于准确评估栓塞范围及程度,提高栓塞效率。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种钽-凝血酶海藻酸钙微球的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将海藻酸钠、凝血酶冻干粉和水混合,得到水相;
将乳化剂与有机试剂混合,得到油相;
将所述水相和油相混合后,向所得乳液中加入含钙交联剂和显影剂,进行交联,得到钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球。
优选的,所述海藻酸钠在水相中的质量浓度为20~30mg/mL。
优选的,所述凝血酶冻干粉在水相中的酶活为100~250U/mL。
优选的,所述乳化剂包括司盘-80;所述有机试剂包括液体石蜡。
优选的,所述油相中乳化剂的质量浓度为1~3%。
优选的,所述含钙交联剂包括氯化钙;所述含钙交联剂在乳液中的浓度为0.5~1mol/L。
优选的,所述油相、水相和含钙交联剂的体积比为(4~10):(1~3):1。
优选的,所述显影剂包括钽纳米颗粒;所述显影剂的质量为所述钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球质量的10~15%。
本发明提供了上述技术方案所述制备方法制备得到的钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球,包括海藻酸钙胶珠和包裹于所述海藻酸钙胶珠中的凝血酶和钽纳米颗粒。
本发明提供了上述技术方案所述钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球在制备介入血管栓塞药物中的应用。
本发明利用海藻酸钠羧基与Ca2+形成海藻酸钙胶珠,采用乳化法将凝血酶包裹于海藻酸钙胶珠内,同时钽纳米颗粒包裹于胶珠内。此外,少量凝血酶的正电位点可与海藻酸钠羧基非共价键结合。因此,本发明制备的凝血酶微球与碘对比剂混合使用时,海藻酸钙胶珠发挥隔离保护作用,使胶珠内的凝血酶活性不受破坏。
本发明在凝血酶微球乳化过程中包载X线可显影的钽纳米颗粒,赋予栓塞微球自身显影功能,术中可实时追踪栓塞微球的位置,精准操控,将大大提高介入操作的精准性,避免异位栓塞;同时在介入术后的复查中可辨认栓塞微球的位置,有利于准确评估栓塞范围及程度;对于载药微球而言,通过微球的精确定位,可间接指示药物释放的靶位置。该凝血酶微球可发挥“局部机械性栓塞+凝血酶缓释”的双重作用,从而预防血管再通及复发,提高栓塞效率。
本发明以可降解的高分子材料海藻酸钠与高效止血剂-凝血酶为主要原料,采用乳化法合成可降解的微球,主要用于制备动脉栓塞治疗大出血、肿瘤及良性病变的栓塞治疗的药物,微球的机械性栓塞作用结合凝血酶缓释促进血栓持续形成,具有较持久的、可靠的栓塞特性,并且海藻酸钙为生物相容性较好、可降解材料,能够满足特定栓塞要求。
本发明的凝血酶微球在栓塞过程中除机械性栓塞效果外,可不断缓慢释放凝血酶,促进局部血栓形成,加固栓塞效果,在某些特定情况下,如出血动脉周围有胰液、感染等慢性腐蚀血管情况,通过凝血酶释放能有效避免栓塞处动脉再次破溃出血,动脉栓塞作用有效且持久。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球在光学显微镜下的形态;
图2为实施例1制备的钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球在扫描电子显微镜下的形态;
图3为实施例1制备的钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球的药物释放曲线图;
图4为实施例1制备的钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球栓塞兔VX2肿瘤肝脏CT图;
图5为实施例1制备的钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球栓塞兔肝脏后肿瘤周围正常肝组织HE染色图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种钽-凝血酶海藻酸钙微球的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将海藻酸钠、凝血酶冻干粉和水混合,得到水相;
将乳化剂与有机试剂混合,得到油相;
将所述水相和油相混合后,向所得乳液中加入含钙交联剂和显影剂,进行交联,得到钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球。
在本发明中,若无特殊说明,所需制备原料均为本领域技术人员熟知的市售商品。
本发明将海藻酸钠、凝血酶冻干粉和水混合,得到水相。
在本发明中,所述海藻酸钠在水相中的质量浓度优选为20~30mg/mL,更优选为23~25mg/mL。
在本发明中,所述凝血酶冻干粉在水相中的酶活优选为100~250U/mL,更优选为200~250U/mL。
本发明对所述海藻酸钠、凝血酶冻干粉和水混合没有特殊的限定,按照本领域熟知的过程将物料搅拌混合均匀即可,在本发明的实施例中,具体将混合物料在1000rpm搅拌30min。
本发明将乳化剂与有机试剂混合,得到油相。
在本发明中,所述乳化剂优选包括司盘-80;所述有机试剂优选包括液体石蜡;所述油相中乳化剂的质量浓度优选为1~3%,更优选为1.5~2%。本发明对所述乳化剂与有机试剂混合没有特殊的限定,按照本领域熟知的过程混合即可。
得到水相和油相后,本发明将所述水相和油相混合后,向所得乳液中加入含钙交联剂和显影剂,进行交联,得到钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球。
在本发明中,所述含钙交联剂优选包括氯化钙;所述含钙交联剂在乳液中的浓度优选为0.5~1mol/L,更优选为0.6~0.8mol/L;所述含钙交联剂优选以水溶液的形式使用,所述含钙交联剂的水溶液的浓度优选为50mg/mL。
在本发明中,所述油相、水相和含钙交联剂(以水溶液形式计)的体积比优选为(4~10):(1~3):1,更优选为10:2.5:1。
在本发明中,所述显影剂优选包括钽纳米颗粒;所述显影剂优选以水分散液的形式使用,所述显影剂的水分散液的浓度优选为2.5mg/mL;所述显影剂(以固体质量计)的质量为所述钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球质量的10~15%,更优选为12~15%。
在本发明中,所述交联的温度优选为22~25℃,时间优选为6~48h,更优选为12~24h。
本发明优选在搅拌速度300~700rpm、10℃条件下将水相匀速滴入油相中,搅拌30~60min,形成乳液,向所述乳液中滴加含钙交联剂和显影剂,密封,在搅拌条件下进行交联,将所得产物用石油醚清洗、离心、移去上清溶液,重复3次,将所得微球冷冻干燥,得到钽-凝血酶海藻酸钙微球,记为Ta@TACMs;所述冷冻干燥的时间优选为24~72h,更优选为36~48h。
本发明提供了上述技术方案所述制备方法制备得到的钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球,包括海藻酸钙胶珠和包裹于所述海藻酸钙胶珠中的凝血酶和钽纳米颗粒。
本发明提供了上述技术方案所述钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球在制备介入血管栓塞药物中的应用。本发明对所述应用的方法没有特殊的限定,按照本领域熟知的方法应用即可。
下面将结合本发明中的实施例,对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
油相:取液体石蜡100mL,加入司盘-80搅拌至溶液均匀,得到油相,放入4℃冰箱备用;油相中司盘-80的质量浓度为3%;
水相:取25mL去离子水倒入50mL烧杯中,加入625mg海藻酸钠粉末和酶活6250U的凝血酶冻干粉,1000rpm搅拌30min,得到水相,放入4℃冰箱备用;海藻酸钠在水相中的质量浓度为25mg/mL,凝血酶冻干粉在水相中的酶活为250U/mL;
交联剂水溶液:取氯化钙加入去离子水中搅拌至溶液均匀,配制成50mg/mL氯化钙水溶液,放入4℃冰箱备用;
显影剂分散液:称取50mg钽纳米颗粒,稀释至20mL去离子水,浓度为2.5mg/mL,备用;
在10℃环境下将100mL油相放入200mL烧杯中,在搅拌速度为500rpm条件下将25mL水相匀速滴入油相中,搅拌1h,形成乳液,氯化钙在乳液中的浓度为0.5mol/L,向所述乳液中滴加10mL交联剂水溶液及10mL显影剂分散液,用保鲜膜将烧杯封口,在25℃条件下继续搅拌48h,将所得产物用石油醚清洗、离心、移去上清溶液,重复3次,将洗涤后凝血酶海藻酸钙微球进行冷冻干燥48h,得到钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球,钽纳米颗粒的质量为钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球质量的15%,记为Ta@TACMs。
实施例2
油相:取液体石蜡100mL,加入司盘-80搅拌至溶液均匀,得到油相,放入4℃冰箱备用;油相中司盘-80的质量浓度为3%;
水相:取25mL去离子水倒入50mL烧杯中,加入500mg海藻酸钠粉末和酶活2500U的凝血酶冻干粉,1000rpm搅拌30min,得到水相,放入4℃冰箱备用;海藻酸钠在水相中的质量浓度为20mg/mL,凝血酶冻干粉在水相中的酶活为100U/mL;
交联剂水溶液:取氯化钙加入去离子水中搅拌至溶液均匀,配制成50mg/mL氯化钙水溶液,放入4℃冰箱备用;
显影剂分散液:称取50mg钽纳米颗粒,稀释至20mL去离子水,浓度为2.5mg/mL,备用;
在10℃环境下将100mL油相放入200mL烧杯中,在搅拌速度为500rpm条件下将25mL水相匀速滴入油相中,搅拌1h,形成乳液,氯化钙在乳液中的浓度为0.5mol/L,向所述乳液中滴加10mL交联剂水溶液及10mL显影剂分散液,用保鲜膜将烧杯封口,在25℃条件下继续搅拌48h,将所得产物用石油醚清洗、离心、移去上清溶液,重复3次,将洗涤后凝血酶海藻酸钙微球进行冷冻干燥48h,得到钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球,钽纳米颗粒的质量为钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球质量的12.8%,记为Ta@TACMs。
实施例3
油相:取液体石蜡100mL,加入司盘-80搅拌至溶液均匀,得到油相,放入4℃冰箱备用;油相中司盘-80的质量浓度为3%;
水相:取25mL去离子水倒入50mL烧杯中,加入750mg海藻酸钠粉末和酶活6250U的凝血酶冻干粉,1000rpm搅拌30min,得到水相,放入4℃冰箱备用;海藻酸钠在水相中的质量浓度为30mg/mL,凝血酶冻干粉在水相中的酶活为250U/mL;
交联剂水溶液:取氯化钙加入去离子水中搅拌至溶液均匀,配制成50mg/mL氯化钙水溶液,放入4℃冰箱备用;
显影剂分散液:称取50mg钽纳米颗粒,稀释至20mL去离子水,浓度为2.5mg/mL,备用;
在10℃环境下将100mL油相放入200mL烧杯中,在搅拌速度为500rpm条件下将25mL水相匀速滴入油相中,搅拌1h,形成乳液,氯化钙在乳液中的浓度为0.5mol/L,向所述乳液中滴加10mL交联剂水溶液及10mL显影剂分散液,用保鲜膜将烧杯封口,在25℃条件下继续搅拌24h,将所得产物用石油醚清洗、离心、移去上清溶液,重复3次,将洗涤后凝血酶海藻酸钙微球进行冷冻干燥48h,得到钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球,钽纳米颗粒的质量为钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球质量的10.7%,记为Ta@TACMs。
表征与测试
1)在光学显微镜下用测微尺测定微球的粒径大小及分布;通过扫描电镜观察微球的表面形态结构:
图1为实施例1制备的钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球在光学显微镜下的形态,其中,a、b分别为不同放大倍数下光学显微镜观察的微球形态,比例尺分别为10μm、100μm;由图1可以看出,实施例1制备的钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球在光学显微镜下形态为圆形、椭圆形。
2)图2为实施例1制备的钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球在扫描电子显微镜下的形态;其中,a、b、c、d分别为不同放大倍数下扫描电镜观察的微球表面形态,比例尺分别为200μm、50μm、5μm、1μm。由图2可以看出,实施例1制备的钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球在扫描电子显微镜下,表面密实无孔。
3)载药量和包封率
取1mg实施例1制备的Ta@TACMs,碾磨后放入1mLTris溶液(0.02M,pH=7.4)中充分震荡30min,离心后取上清液,使用紫外分光光度计测量最大吸收波长处吸光度,重复5次,取平均值,根据凝血酶的浓度-吸光度标准曲线方程计算1mg Ta@TACMs中凝血酶含量,计算微球的载药量和包封率:
载药量(Drug loading,DL)DL(%)=We/Wm,We为上清液中凝血酶总效价,单位U,Wm为Ta@TACMs的质量,单位mg。
包封率(Encapsulation efficiency,EE)EE(%)=Wt/W0×100%,Wt为上清液中凝血酶总效价,单位U;W0为制备1mg Ta@TACMs所加入的凝血酶总效价,单位U;
结果表明,实施例1制备的钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球的载药量为2.93U/mg,包封率为30.5%。
4)Ta@TACMs凝血酶释放模式检测
以10mmol/L的Tirs-盐酸平衡液配制含0.5wt%牛血清白蛋白的凝血酶释放液,取实施例1制备的钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球10mg,加入1mL凝血酶释放液进行浸泡,分别在5min、30min、1h、2h、4h、8h、12h、24h、48h、72h时间点吸取100μL浸泡微球上清,用10mmol/L的Tirs-盐酸平衡液稀释10倍后测定该时间点凝血酶效价浓度,并于微球浸泡原液中补入100μL凝血酶释放液。计算10mg微球在各时间点的凝血酶释放累积效价,以时间点(h)为x轴,凝血酶释放累积效价所占总效价比率(%)为y轴,绘制凝血酶微球凝血酶累积释放率时间散点图。
各时间点凝血酶释放累积效价:CN(IU)=t1+t2+…+tN-1+XN
CN(IU)为时间点N凝血酶释放累积效价,U;t为各时间点移出的100μL测试液所含凝血酶效价,U;XN为时间点N浸泡液中总凝血酶效价。
所得结果见图3。
图3的结果显示:所合成的微球在开始的8h内凝血酶累计释放40.5%此后,释放速度平缓,在48小时累积释放凝血酶48.8%。
5)细胞相容性实验
以含双抗DMEM High Glucose的10%胎牛血清作为培养液,于37℃,5%CO2孵育箱中培养L929细胞系。
将灭菌微球浸泡于培养液中,微球与培养液的体积比为1:5,37℃静置24h后,吸取浸提液作为100%浓度的样品,将其一半用培养液稀释成50%浓度的样品(A组),以培养液作为阴性对照(B组),阳性对照采用工业用聚氯乙烯标准浸提液(C组)。
加样后分别于第1天、第2天、第3天取出培养板,吸除样品浸提液,加入20μL/孔MTT液,继续培养6h,然后吸除,再加入150μL/孔DMSO,震荡10min,在免疫酶标仪上以500nm波长处测定吸收值A,通过下式计算相对增值率(Relativegrowthrate,RGR)。
RGR=(A实验-A空白)/(A阴性对照-A空白)×100%
结果:根据各时间点测得各组450nm处的OD值计算,24hA、B、C三组相对增殖率分别为103.5%、101.5%、0.09%;48hA、B、C三组相对增殖率分别为109.8%、102.6%、0.4%;72hA、B、C三组细胞相对增殖率分别为108.5%、107.5%、0.8%。毒性反应分级标准(GB/T16175-1996)中细胞相对增殖率≥100%定为毒性0级。
6)实施例1制备的钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球栓塞兔VX2肝肿瘤模型效果
构建兔VX2肝肿瘤模型,麻醉后,切开右侧腹股沟皮肤,暴露股动脉,经动脉导入微导管,插入至腹腔干开口造影,明确肿瘤染色后,而后将微导管插入至肿瘤供血动脉,注入钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球至肿瘤染色消失进行CT扫描,7d后处死取材行HE染色,所得结果见图4~5。
图4为实施例1制备的钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球栓塞兔VX2肿瘤肝脏CT图像,栓塞部位微球呈高密度(圆圈内),显示清晰,提示所合成微球体内显影性较好。
图5为实施例1制备的钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球栓塞兔肝脏后肿瘤周围正常肝组织HE染色图;由图5可见,动脉为微球聚集,动脉壁完整,少量炎细胞浸润,提示微球体内相容性较好。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种钽-凝血酶海藻酸钙微球的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将海藻酸钠、凝血酶冻干粉和水混合,得到水相;
将乳化剂与有机试剂混合,得到油相;
将所述水相和油相混合后,向所得乳液中加入含钙交联剂和显影剂,进行交联,得到钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述海藻酸钠在水相中的质量浓度为20~30mg/mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述凝血酶冻干粉在水相中的酶活为100~250U/mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述乳化剂包括司盘-80;所述有机试剂包括液体石蜡。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述油相中乳化剂的质量浓度为1~3%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含钙交联剂包括氯化钙;所述含钙交联剂在乳液中的浓度为0.5~1mol/L。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述油相、水相和含钙交联剂的体积比为(4~10):(1~3):1。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述显影剂包括钽纳米颗粒;所述显影剂的质量为所述钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球质量的10~15%。
9.权利要求1~8任一项所述制备方法制备得到的钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球,其特征在于,包括海藻酸钙胶珠和包裹于所述海藻酸钙胶珠中的凝血酶和钽纳米颗粒。
10.权利要求9所述钽-海藻酸钙凝血酶微球在制备介入血管栓塞药物中的应用。
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