CN117045857A - 一种水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架及其应用 - Google Patents
一种水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117045857A CN117045857A CN202310862993.2A CN202310862993A CN117045857A CN 117045857 A CN117045857 A CN 117045857A CN 202310862993 A CN202310862993 A CN 202310862993A CN 117045857 A CN117045857 A CN 117045857A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种水凝胶‑多孔锌双向支架及其应用,该水凝胶‑多孔锌双向支架包括固定连接的下层骨支架和上层软骨界面支架;所述下层骨支架含有锌,且具有多孔结构;所述上层软骨界面支架含有硫酸软骨素,且由水凝胶固化形成。本发明还提供了相应的制备方法,通过增材制造制备得到下层骨支架;根据软骨层缺损形状注射填充水凝胶,并且使该水凝胶设置在下层骨支架上,经固化后即制备得到上层软骨界面支架。该水凝胶‑多孔锌双向支架具有高生物相容性、可显著促进软骨及软骨下骨同期修复,并且具有弹性模量接近天然骨、可降解等优点,具有良好的临床应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及骨修复技术领域,具体涉及一种水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架及其应用。
背景技术
骨软骨损伤是常见又棘手的、治愈性较低的临床问题,骨组织具有一定愈合能力,软骨组织愈合能力差,而早期修复是软骨组织再生的关键。常用的临床手术技术如微骨折在小面积骨软骨缺损病人中具有一定的效果,然而对于大面积如软骨缺损,效果不佳,易造成关节退变,引发骨关节炎。这部分人群最终不得不进行关节置换,这对于年轻人来说是难以接受的。
近年来,组织工程技术以及生物治疗为关节骨软骨损伤提供了更丰富的治疗手段,但仍无法获取理想的远期疗效,主要原因还是软骨及软骨下骨修复整合效果不佳。关节软骨的损伤与软骨下骨结构的破坏密不可分,两者共同的进展促进了骨关节炎(OA)的发展,提示在关节软骨修复中必须将软骨与软骨下骨视为一体化单元进行同步修复,以期达到远期修复效果。对于软骨下骨修复成为关键。
目前对于骨界面及软骨下骨的修复,分为以下几类:第一类锚钉是由金属制成,最常用的金属是钛及其合金。其缺点主要包括:因其不可降解的特性,在体内长期存在可能会导致多种并发症,包括感染、慢性炎症、异物感、松动,可能需要二次手术取出。与周围骨质相比过高的模量也会引发应力遮挡(Stress-shielding effects),导致骨质溶解。
第二类是可降解聚合物材料包括聚乳酸(PLA)、聚乙烯酰胺(PGA)、羟基磷灰石(HA)及其共聚物。其缺点主要包括:由于其强度或塑性不足,手术失败的风险增大。更严重的是,这些聚合物的副产物可以诱导种植体周围组织的长期炎症反应。
第三类是以聚醚醚酮(PEEK)为代表的生物惰性有机高分子材料,其缺点主要包括:PEEK材料的惰性与疏水性阻碍了蛋白质与细胞在其表面的粘附,难以形成钙磷沉积附着层,导致相对骨整合不良。
综上所述,医用生物材料领域希望寻找新型材料和植入物,以克服上述缺陷,从而能够在软骨及软骨下骨修复方面具有良好效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架及其应用,该水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架具有高生物相容性、可显著促进软骨及软骨下骨同期修复,并且具有弹性模量接近天然骨、可降解等优点,具有良好的临床应用前景。
为此,本发明的第一方面提供了一种水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架,其包括下层骨支架和上层软骨界面支架;所述下层骨支架和所述上层软骨界面支架固定连接;
所述下层骨支架含有锌,且具有多孔结构;
所述上层软骨界面支架含有硫酸软骨素,且由水凝胶固化形成。
在一些实施方式中,所述下层骨支架的孔隙率为60~70%,例如可以为约60%、61%、62%、63%、64%、65%、66%、67%、68%、69%、70%等。
在一些实施方式中,所述下层骨支架由多个重复单元格互相连接组成;所述重复单元格的结构为金刚石结构。
在一些实施方式中,所述下层骨支架中锌含量为95~100%;例如可以为约95%、96%、97%、98%、99%、100%等。
在一些实施方式中,所述下层骨支架的材料包括下组的至少一种:锌、锌镁合金、锌镁铜合金、锌镁锰合金。
在一些实施方式中,所述下层骨支架的弹性模量为:800MPa,屈服强度为:13MPa,接近软骨下骨。
在一些实施方式中,所述上层软骨界面支架中硫酸软骨素的含量为15~40%;例如可以为约15%、17%、20%、22%、25%、28%、30%、32%、35%、38%、40%等。
在一些实施方式中,所述水凝胶为光固化水凝胶,所述水凝胶的材料包括下组中的至少一种:甲基丙烯酸酯化丝素蛋白、甲基丙烯酸酯化蚕丝蛋白。
在一些实施方式中,所述下层骨支架的多孔结构中还加载有药物。
在一些实施方式中,所述药物包括下组的至少一种:抗生素、骨诱导生物活性因子、干细胞。
在一些实施方式中,所述骨诱导生物活性因子包括下组的至少一种:骨形成蛋白(BMP)、骨诱导因子(OIF)。
本发明的第二方面,提供所述水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架的制备方法,其包括:通过增材制造(例如3D打印)制备得到下层骨支架;根据软骨层缺损形状注射填充水凝胶,并且使所述水凝胶设置在下层骨支架上,对所述水凝胶进行固化,即制备得到上层软骨界面支架。
在一些实施方式中,对所述水凝胶进行固化的方式包括:采用蓝光照射,对所述水凝胶进行固化。
在一些实施方式中,根据骨缺损的形状,通过增材制造制备得到下层骨支架;所述下层骨支架的形状与所述骨缺损的形状相匹配。
本发明的第三方面,提供所述水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架在制备关节骨、软骨损伤同期修复产品方面的用途。
与现有技术相比,本发明的技术方案具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明提供的水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架由上层软骨界面支架和下层骨支架组成,能够对骨和软骨损伤进行同期修复。
(2)材料学优势:
以锌为原材料,通过增材制造制备得到具有金刚石结构重复单元的下层骨支架,其具有与天然骨组织相近的弹性模量(18GPa),可以有效降低后期因材料应力屏蔽作用引起的内植物周围骨质溶解,同时锌具有良好的促进骨组织生成的能力;另外,与骨组织接近的弹性模量可以有效缓解关节运动中对于软骨及压力与剪切力,利于软骨界面修复。
上层软骨界面支架通过水凝胶固化得到,可根据软骨层缺损形状深度进行注射,从而与软骨缺损进行完美契合。由甲基丙烯酸酐改性的丝素蛋白水凝胶溶胀性好,吸水性强,结构稳定,大分子之间的结合更加牢固,交联更加紧密,网络密实度更高。固化后的上层软骨界面支架可提供软骨修复支架所需要的力学强度。
(3)生物相容性,及诱导成骨、成软骨能力:
经体外、体内实验验证,本发明提供的水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架具有良好的生物相容性;对于促进骨组织和软骨再生具有显著促进作用。
(4)此外,下层骨支架具有多孔结构,在临床应用中,可根据骨缺损形状及大小进行个性化打印。同时,可根据临床需求,在下层骨支架的孔隙中填充药物,例如抗生素、成骨活性因子等,从而实现更好的临床治疗效果。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述,各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的,而并不认为是对本发明的限制。在附图中:
图1:根据本发明的一些实施方式,下层骨支架的结构示意图,图右侧示出了该下层骨支架的局部放大图;
图2:根据本发明的一些实施方式,上层软骨界面支架所采用的水凝胶材料经蓝光照射固化;
图3:根据本发明的一些实施方式,将上层软骨界面支架的材料植入动物体内,6个月后取周围组织及心肝脾肾等内脏器官进行HE染色的结果图;
图4:根据本发明的一些实施方式,上层软骨界面支架和下层骨支架的体外成骨作用结果图;其中,
A:采用下层骨支架浸提液进行体外成骨分化培养,培养第7d的碱性磷酸酶染色结果,以及培养第14d的茜素红染色结果;
B~E:采用下层骨支架浸提液进行体外成骨分化培养,培养第7d、第14d成骨基因OCN、ColⅠ、ALP、Runx2的表达量检测结果;
F~G:采用水凝胶材料的培养基进行体外成骨分化培养,培养第7d、第14d成骨基因ColⅡ、SOX9、ACAN的表达量检测结果;
*表示P<0.05;
图5:将下层骨支架植入动物体内,于植入后3个月、6个月取材进行cT检测的成像结果;其中,Ti6Al4V表示采用对照支架,于植入3个月后进行CT检查;Zn-12W表示采用下层骨支架,于植入3个月后进行CT检查;Zn-24W表示采用下层骨支架,于植入6个月后进行CT检查;
图6:将下层骨支架植入动物体内,于植入后3个月、6个月取材,对相关指标进行检测的结果;其中,
A:骨小梁厚度Tb.Th;B:骨小梁参数骨体积分数BV/TV;C:骨小梁分离度Tb.Sp;D:下层骨支架降解率;*表示P<0.05;
图7:将水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架植入骨软骨缺损造模的小型猪体内,于术后12周、24周取材并进行成像及相关指标检测;其中,
A:核磁共振成像结果;B:大体图拍摄照片;C:炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β的检测结果;D:血清锌离子浓度检测结果;
Hydrogel表示仅植入上层软骨界面支架;Zn-Hydrogel表示植入水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架;Control表示空白对照
图8:将水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架植入骨软骨缺损造模的小型猪体内,于术后6个月,对骨软骨修复区进行HE染色的成像结果。
具体实施方式
下面将更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施方式。应当理解,可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施方式所限制。相反,提供这些实施方式是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开,并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
本发明提供一种水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架,其包括下层骨支架和上层软骨界面支架;所述下层骨支架和所述上层软骨界面支架固定连接;
所述下层骨支架含有锌,且具有多孔结构;
所述上层软骨界面支架含有硫酸软骨素,且由水凝胶固化形成。
下层骨支架的多孔结构能够促进骨髓干细胞及各种生长因子的流动,在Zn的诱导成骨作用下,促进组织的替代和长入,因而具有更加符合临床需求的生物学性能。对于软骨界面,可固化水凝胶可根据软骨层缺损形状深度注射,与软骨缺损进行完美契合,固化后提供软骨修复支架所需要的力学强度。
参考图1,在一些实施例中,该下层骨支架由多个具有金刚石结构的重复单元格互相连接组成。
在一些实施例中,所述下层骨支架的孔隙率为60~70%,例如可以为约60%、61%、62%、63%、64%、65%、66%、67%、68%、69%、70%等。
在一些实施例中,所述下层骨支架的材料可以为纯锌,或者可以为锌合金,例如锌与镁、铜、锰中至少一种所形成的合金,其中锌含量为大于等于95%且小于100%。
在一些实施例中,所述下层骨支架的弹性模量为800MPa。
骨骼组织的弹性模量为10~30GPa,与钛合金(弹性模量110GPa)等临床常用的不可降解材料相比,本申请提供的下层骨支架的弹性模量与天然骨组织相近。例如采用纯锌作为下层骨支架的材料时,其弹性模量约为18GPa,可以有效降低后期因材料应力屏蔽作用引起的内植物周围骨质溶解。
下层骨支架与骨组织接近的弹性模量可为软骨修复提供机械与生物的双重支持,对抗关节运动对软骨的剪切力与压力,同时下层骨支架促进软骨下骨的生成,可以与再生的软骨更好的整合,提供更加优良的远期效果。
在一些实施方式中,所述上层软骨界面支架中硫酸软骨素的含量为15~40%;例如可以为约15%、17%、20%、22%、25%、28%、30%、32%、35%、38%、40%等。
在一些实施方式中,所述水凝胶为光固化水凝胶,所述水凝胶的材料包括下组中的至少一种:甲基丙烯酸酯化丝素蛋白、甲基丙烯酸酯化蚕丝蛋白。
在一些实施例中,所述下层骨支架的孔隙填充有药物。
本发明提供的下层骨支架具有多孔结构,可以根据患者的具体情况及手术过程选择相应的药物,并将其填充于下层骨支架的孔隙中。
在一些实施例中,所述下层骨支架的孔隙填充有下组中的至少一种:骨诱导生物活性因子、抗生素。例如下层骨支架的孔隙中填充有骨形成蛋白(BMP)或骨诱导因子(OIF)。
对于年龄较大、合并其他基础疾病、愈合能力差的患者,可在填充药物中适当增加抗生素成分的配比,以更有效地降低术后感染率。对于青壮年、运动员、既往体健及术后康复要求高的患者,可在填充药物中适当增加成骨活性因子,如BMP的配比,以更高效地促进骨愈合,加快恢复周期,对于运动员群体能够更快地进行康复训练,尽早重返赛场,提高患者术后满意度。
实施例1生物相容性试验
(1)下层骨支架的生物相容性
以纯度>99%锌粉为原材料,经3D打印制备得到高度6cm、直径4cm的圆柱形下层骨支架,其孔隙率为67%,由多个具有金刚石结构的重复单元格互相连接组成。
按照以下步骤制备下层骨支架的降解产物:直径10mm厚度2mm的纯锌圆片,将合金表面用2000目砂纸打磨,分别置于丙酮、无水乙醇、无菌去离子水中洗涤,最后于无菌环境中晾干,用于测定生物相容性以及体外降解产物的浸提液制作时将合金圆片浸泡在添加了10%胎牛血清的α-MEM基础培养基中,37℃,5%CO2孵箱中放置72小时,浸泡液体体积与合金原片表面积的比例为1.5ml/cm2。该下层骨支架的降解产物中Zn2+的浓度较低(4μg/ml左右),对细胞的增殖效率几乎没有影响。
(2)上层软骨界面支架的生物相容性
按照以下步骤配制水凝胶材料:将1g硫酸软骨素(CS)粉末完全溶解在去离子水(100mL)中。随后,将15g甲基丙烯酸酐(MA)滴入CS溶液中。用5MNaOH溶液将混合溶液的pH调节到8.0。然后让混合溶液在室温下反应2小时,在6℃下反应24小时。将得到的溶液在酒精中沉淀,并用过量的酒精洗涤数次;然后在室温真空烘箱中干燥后,制备得到水凝胶材料(MACS)。
将上述水凝胶材料经蓝光固化后,植入巴马猪体内,植入6个月后,取周围组织及心肝脾肾等内脏器官进行HE染色,结果如图3所示,该结果显示标本组织学染色未观察到明显的免疫排斥反应及炎性细胞浸润。
实施例2体外成骨作用
(1)取实施例1中的下层骨支架,按照以下步骤制备浸提液:用于测定体外诱导成骨能力的浸提液时,将浸泡液体换做人充质干细胞成骨诱导培养基,其余步骤同生物相容性实验。
采用含有1.74mg/L上述浸提液的MEM培养基对骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)进行成骨分化培养,同时设置不含上述浸提液的对照组。实验结果如图4A所示,培养7天后,碱性磷酸酶染色显示含有该浸提液的培养基在BMSC出现更多蓝色沉淀;14天后,茜素红染色显示含有该浸提液的培养基在BMSC出现更多红色沉淀。上述结果表明,含有浸提液的培养基可促进BMSCs在成骨分化后产生更多的成熟骨质。对细胞中相关基因的表达量进行分析,结果如图4B-E所示,含有浸提液的培养基明显促进了成骨基因ALP、OCN、ColⅠ、Runx2的表达。
(2)取实施例1中的水凝胶,采用含1.5mg/L水凝胶的MEM培养基对骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)进行成骨分化培养,同时设置空白培养基的对照组。于培养的第7天、第14天对细胞中相关基因的表达量进行分析,结果如图4F-G所示,含有水凝胶的培养基明显促进了成骨基因SOX9、ColⅡ的表达。
上述结果表明,本发明提供的双向支架在体外可显著促进骨组织与软骨组织再生。
实施例3体内成骨作用
(1)取实施例1的下层骨支架,并且提供一对照支架Ti6Al4V(除材料为钛以外,同下层骨支架),将下层骨支架和对照支架分别植入动物体内,3个月后取材进行CT检查,与对照支架相比,本发明的下层骨支架周围有更多的新生骨;6个月后取材进行CT检查,与3个月时相比,本发明的下层骨支架周围的新生骨进一步增加。上述CT检查的结果如图5所示。
骨小梁厚度Tb.Th(参见图6A)、骨小梁参数骨体积分数BV/TV(参见图6B)、骨小梁分离度Tb.Sp(参见图6C)与CT重建结果相同。6个月后下层骨支架降解约28%(参见图6D)。
实施例4体内软骨修复作用
制备水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架,其下层骨支架、上层软骨界面支架分别按照实施例1中的方法进行制备,其中,下层骨支架根据步骤(4)的骨缺损形状进行3D打印得到;按照实施例1中的方法获得水凝胶材料后,根据步骤(6)制备得到上层软骨界面支架。将该水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架作为植入带线锚钉进行如下实验:
(1)实验选取12只成年雄性小型猪,体重25kg,平均分为A,B和C三组,用于构建膝关节滑车骨软骨损伤模型;
(2)对小型猪实施麻醉诱导(盐酸氯胺酮和速眠新Ⅱ体积比2:1,0.3ml/kg肌肉注射)后,采用静脉滴注丙泊酚对小型猪维持麻醉,在全麻状态下对小型猪行手术;
(3)待麻醉满意后脱毛备皮,将实验动物固定在手术台上后用1%碘酊消毒,75%酒精脱碘,铺手术无菌洞巾,穿戴无菌手套和手术衣;
(4)逐层切开皮肤、皮下组织、肌肉及关节囊,髌骨外侧脱位暴露滑车,环钻钻取4×6cm骨软骨缺损,同时注意保护周围的关节软骨,完成骨软骨缺损模型的建立;
(5)对A组小型猪植入水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架:下层骨支架填充骨界面,注射水凝胶填充软骨界面后蓝光固化水凝胶,即为上层软骨界面支架;将B组小型猪作为空白对照,不做植入;对C组小型猪仅植入上层软骨界面支架:注射水凝胶填充软骨界面后蓝光固化水凝胶;
(6)完成步骤(5)后关闭关节囊,依次缝合各层组织。术后采用枸橼酸芬太尼0.05mg/kg肌肉注射进行术后镇痛,生理盐水彻底冲洗,逐层缝合伤口。
双侧关节手术仅在术后两天对小型猪活动有影响,对小型猪饮食无明显影响,多数小型猪可在术后第三天站立活动,恢复正常饮食及活动。分别在术后12周、24周取材,进行核磁共振成像(参见图7A)、大体图拍摄(参见图7B);对于植入水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架的小型猪,对炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-1β的检测结果参见图7C)和血清锌离子浓度(参见图7D)进行检测。对于植入水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架的小型猪,在术后6个月,对骨软骨修复区进行HE染色和成像,结果如图8所示。
根据上述成像和检测结果,与空白对照和单纯水凝胶修复骨软骨缺损相比,通过应用本发明提供的水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架,术后核磁及术后大体图显示骨软骨组织愈合良好;术后动物关节内验证因子较术前无升高;血清锌离子较术前无波动;并且在术后6个月观察到软骨下骨再生。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架,其特征在于,包括下层骨支架和上层软骨界面支架;所述下层骨支架和所述上层软骨界面支架固定连接;
所述下层骨支架含有锌,且具有多孔结构;
所述上层软骨界面支架含有硫酸软骨素,且由水凝胶固化形成。
2.如权利要求1所述的水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架,其特征在于,所述下层骨支架的孔隙率为60~70%。
3.如权利要求1所述的水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架,其特征在于,所述下层骨支架由多个重复单元格互相连接组成;所述重复单元格的结构包括金刚石结构。
4.如权利要求1~3任一项所述的水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架,其特征在于,所述下层骨支架中锌含量为95~100%;
可选地,所述下层骨支架的材料包括下组的至少一种:锌、锌镁合金、锌镁铜合金。
5.如权利要求1所述的水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架,其特征在于,所述上层软骨界面支架中硫酸软骨素的含量为15~40%。
6.如权利要求1所述的水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架,其特征在于,所述水凝胶为光固化水凝胶,所述水凝胶的材料包括下组中的至少一种:甲基丙烯酸酯化丝素蛋白。
7.如权利要求1所述的水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架,其特征在于,所述下层骨支架的多孔结构中还加载有药物;
可选地,所述药物包括下组的至少一种:抗生素、骨诱导生物活性因子、干细胞。
8.权利要求1~7任一项所述水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:通过增材制造制备得到下层骨支架;根据软骨层缺损形状注射填充水凝胶,并且使所述水凝胶设置在下层骨支架上,对所述水凝胶进行固化,即制备得到上层软骨界面支架。
9.如权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,对所述水凝胶进行固化的方式包括:采用蓝光照射,对所述水凝胶进行固化;
可选地,根据骨缺损的形状,通过增材制造制备得到下层骨支架;所述下层骨支架的形状与所述骨缺损的形状相匹配。
10.权利要求1~7任一项所述水凝胶-多孔锌双向支架在制备关节骨、软骨损伤同期修复产品方面的用途。
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