CN117044829A

CN117044829A - Superfine plant powder and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN117044829A
Application number: CN202210490779.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邱旻悦
Original assignee: Chengdu Riyue Polymer Materials Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Chengdu Riyue Polymer Materials Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-05-07
Filing date: 2022-05-07
Publication date: 2023-11-14

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, in particular to ultrafine plant powder and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: cutting and coarsely pulverizing plant materials in sequence, and performing superfine pulverizing to obtain superfine plant powder; the particle size of the superfine plant powder is less than or equal to 0.5mm, and the mass percentage of the powder which is less than or equal to 100 mu m in the superfine plant powder is more than or equal to 50%; or the average grain diameter of the superfine plant powder is less than or equal to 50 mu m. The invention adopts the superfine crushing mode to ensure that plant cell walls are impacted and crushed to ensure that lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose which are tightly intertwined and combined are physically separated and decomposed, so that the cellulose and the hemicellulose which are main nutritional components are fully exposed and are easily absorbed and digested by animals, and the invention can be well applied to feeds.

Description

Superfine plant powder and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, in particular to ultrafine plant powder and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Taking chicken feed as an example, the corn ratio in the chicken feed is kept above 55.5% in different growth periods, and the feed cost is about above 50% of the total cost of the chicken breeding industry. The statistics show that the feed consumption of the chicken farming industry in 2020 is about 3100 ten thousand tons (about 3000 yuan/ton), and the total market scale is 930 hundred million yuan. The cost of the corn in the chicken feed industry is about 481.74 hundred million yuan, which accounts for 51.8% of the total market scale. Conservative calculation, if 10% of corns in the existing chicken feed industry are replaced by superfine crushed straws (the estimated cost of the superfine crushed straws is about 700 yuan/ton), the extra profit of 36.13 hundred million yuan can be realized.

Because the crop straws are wide in distribution, various in variety and large in quantity, the annual output can reach more than 8 hundred million tons, and the crop straws have very rich natural resources, wherein the wheat straws and the rice straws are about 4 hundred million tons. With the development of agriculture, the crop yield is increased, and the straw yield is also increased continuously. If the crop straw can replace corn and the like as main components of the feed, the agricultural production structure of China is greatly improved, the import of related grains is reduced or stopped, the self-sufficiency is achieved, the external dependence of the grains of China is reduced, and the method has very important significance for the grain safety of China. Therefore, the superfine plant powder with low cost is furthest utilized in the feed of the breeding industry, so that the feed cost can be reduced while a large amount of grains are saved and the dependency of China on foreign countries is reduced. Thereby reducing the price of the related products for the feed cultivation of meat, eggs, fish and the like, and further improving the international competitiveness of the cultivation industry in China.

The cell walls of plants such as crop straws mainly comprise lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, and coarse fibers, also called lignocellulose, are tightly formed by intertwining and combining. These natural organic polymer compounds have a firm structure, and cellulose and hemicellulose as main nutrient components are surrounded by surface wood fibers, lignin is a phenol-based biopolymer compound of a polymer involved in the tree formation of higher plants, and they are highly polymerized to form a huge three-dimensional network lignin structure. In addition, lignin is a poorly-decomposable compound that lacks reactivity, and even ordinary microorganisms in the 1 st stomach of ruminants cannot digest, and also ordinary yeasts cannot decompose. Therefore, the woody components in the feed for cattle are virtually undigested. Therefore, in general animals, poultry and the like, the presence of lignin makes it difficult for cellulose and hemicellulose, which are main components of nutrition, to be decomposed by contact with digestive juice and enzymes of monogastric animals, and only by small amounts of glycolysis by cecal microorganisms, it is difficult for the animals to absorb and digest the lignin. Meanwhile, the coarse fiber content is high, the coarse fiber is difficult to decompose, the palatability is poor, and the coarse fiber serving as coarse feed is used for feeding ruminant livestock and has very low nutrition utilization rate. It is often difficult to use it with feeds for cattle, sheep, particularly for livestock such as pigs and poultry.

In order to solve the problems, the wood feed manufactured by a steaming method or the microbial degradation such as fermentation treatment by utilizing various bactericides and cellulase improves the physicochemical properties of rice straw by fermentation and other technologies so as to improve the feeding rate and the nutritive value, and the wood feed becomes a research hot spot and a main processing path in the livestock industry and the feed industry. However, these processing methods generally have a long processing time and a complicated processing, and thus the cost of the feed increases, and thus, biomass such as crop stalks has not been used effectively in the feed field.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide superfine plant powder, a preparation method and application thereof, and the superfine plant powder prepared by the preparation method is easy to be absorbed and digested by animals and can be effectively applied to the field of feeds.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides a preparation method of superfine plant powder, which comprises the following steps:

cutting and coarsely pulverizing plant materials in sequence, and performing superfine pulverizing to obtain superfine plant powder;

the particle size of the superfine plant powder is less than or equal to 0.5mm, and the mass percentage of the powder which is less than or equal to 100 mu m in the superfine plant powder is more than or equal to 50%;

or the average grain diameter of the superfine plant powder is less than or equal to 50 mu m.

Preferably, the superfine grinding mode is impact grinding or shearing grinding.

Preferably, the acceleration of the impact crushing is more than or equal to 2G;

the shearing speed of the shearing type crushing is more than or equal to 50m/s.

Preferably, the plant material comprises a plant biomass.

Preferably, the plant biomass comprises one or more of crops, crop wastes, wood wastes and agricultural product processing industry offal.

The invention also provides the superfine plant powder prepared by the preparation method, the particle size of the superfine plant powder is less than or equal to 0.5mm, and the mass percentage of the powder which is less than or equal to 100 μm in the superfine plant powder is more than or equal to 50%;

The invention also provides application of the superfine plant powder in plant feed, wherein the plant feed comprises the superfine plant powder.

Preferably, the superfine plant powder is superfine plant powder pretreated by saccharification and fermentation.

Preferably, the saccharification and fermentation pretreatment process comprises the following steps:

carrying out saccharification and fermentation pretreatment on superfine plant powder by utilizing a saccharification and fermentation reagent;

the saccharification and fermentation reagent comprises lactobacillus, cellulase or hemicellulase.

Preferably, the pH value of the saccharification and fermentation pretreatment is 5-6, the temperature is 5-50 ℃ and the time is 0.2-168 h.

The invention provides a preparation method of superfine plant powder, which comprises the following steps: cutting and coarsely pulverizing plant materials in sequence, and performing superfine pulverizing to obtain superfine plant powder; the particle size of the superfine plant powder is less than or equal to 0.5mm, and the mass percentage of the powder which is less than or equal to 100 mu m in the superfine plant powder is more than or equal to 50%; or the average grain diameter of the superfine plant powder is less than or equal to 50 mu m. The invention adopts the superfine crushing mode to ensure that plant cell walls are impacted and crushed to ensure that lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose which are tightly intertwined and combined are physically separated and decomposed, so that the cellulose and the hemicellulose which are main nutritional components are fully exposed and are easily absorbed and digested by animals, and the invention can be well applied to feeds.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a particle size distribution diagram of ultrafine plant powder of rice straw prepared in example 1;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of ultrafine plant powder of bagasse prepared in example 2;

FIG. 3 is a physical diagram of the crude crushed plant powder of rice straw prepared in example 3;

FIG. 4 is a physical diagram of the superfine plant powder of rice straw prepared in example 8;

FIG. 5 is a standard curve of absorbance values and glucose concentration in test example 1.

Detailed Description

In the present invention, all the preparation materials are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art unless specified otherwise.

The plant raw materials are cut off and coarsely crushed in sequence, and then subjected to superfine grinding, so that the superfine plant powder is obtained.

In the present invention, the plant material preferably includes plant biomass; the plant biomass preferably comprises one or more of crops, crop wastes, wood wastes and agricultural product processing industry offal; more preferably comprises one or more of rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and wood powder and wood dust after wood processing; when the plant material is two or more of the above specific choices, the present invention does not have any particular limitation on the ratio of the above specific substances, and the plant material may be mixed in any ratio.

The process of cutting and coarse pulverizing is not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be performed by a process known to those skilled in the art.

In the invention, the functions of cutting and coarse crushing can further improve the crushing efficiency and reduce the crushing cost.

In the present invention, the ultrafine grinding means is preferably impact grinding or shear grinding, more preferably impact grinding; in the present invention, the acceleration of the impact pulverization is preferably not less than 2G, more preferably 5 to 10G; the shearing speed of the shearing type crushing is preferably not less than 50m/s, more preferably 100-130 m/s.

The invention also provides the superfine plant powder prepared by the preparation method. The particle size of the superfine plant powder is less than or equal to 0.5mm, and the mass percentage of the powder which is less than or equal to 100 mu m in the superfine plant powder is more than or equal to 50%; or the average grain diameter of the superfine plant powder is less than or equal to 50 mu m.

In the present invention, the ultrafine plant powder can be directly applied to a plant feed or can be subjected to saccharification and fermentation pretreatment before being applied to the plant feed.

In the present invention, the ultrafine plant powder is preferably an ultrafine plant powder pretreated by saccharification and fermentation.

In the invention, the saccharification and fermentation pretreatment process comprises the following steps of:

In the present invention, the process of performing the saccharification and fermentation pretreatment on the ultrafine plant powder with the saccharification and fermentation reagent is preferably performed by mixing the buffer solution with the ultrafine plant powder, and then adding the saccharification and fermentation reagent.

In the present invention, the buffer solution is preferably acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution; the mixing of the buffer solution and the ultrafine plant powder is preferably performed under stirring, and the stirring process is not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be performed by a process well known to those skilled in the art. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the stirring is carried out in a shaker.

In the present invention, the buffer solution and the ultrafine plant powder are preferably used in an amount by weight of (6 to 9): 1, a step of; the pH of the mixed solution obtained after the mixing is preferably 5 to 6, more preferably 5 to 5.5.

After the mixing, the invention preferably waits for the temperature of the mixed solution obtained by the mixing to be stable, and then adds the saccharification and fermentation reagent.

In the present invention, the enzyme activity of the saccharification and fermentation reagent is preferably not more than 1230. Mu.g; the saccharification and fermentation reagent comprises lactic acid bacteria, cellulase or hemicellulase, preferably comprises lactic acid bacteria. In the invention, the lactobacillus can promote the generation of lactic acid as a zymophyte agent, and the lactobacillus can improve the gastrointestinal function and is beneficial to absorbing the active ingredients of plants.

In the present invention, the amount of the ultrafine plant powder and the saccharification and fermentation agent is preferably 100 (0 to 10), more preferably 100 (0.5 to 1).

In the present invention, the pH value of the saccharification and fermentation pretreatment is preferably 5 to 6, more preferably 5 to 5.5; the temperature is preferably 5 to 50 ℃, more preferably 10 to 40 ℃, and most preferably 20 to 30 ℃; the time is preferably 0.2 to 168 hours, more preferably 50 to 100 hours.

The following describes the ultrafine plant powder, the preparation method and the application thereof in detail by referring to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Example 1

Cutting 1kg of rice straw to a length of about 3-5 cm, and performing coarse crushing to obtain a coarse crushing product with a particle size of 0.5 mm;

the coarse crushing product is placed into an ultrafine crusher to be crushed in an impact type manner, the crushing impact capacity of the ultrafine crusher is 10G, the crushing time is 20min, and 1kg of ultrafine plant powder (powder below 80 microns accounts for 90%, powder below 30 microns accounts for 50%) of rice straw is obtained;

example 2

Cutting 1kg bagasse to a length of about 3-5 cm, and then coarsely crushing to obtain a coarsely crushed product with a particle size of less than 0.5 mm;

the coarse pulverized product was subjected to ultrafine pulverization by an impact pulverizer having a pulverizing impact capacity of 10G for 20min to obtain ultrafine plant powder (average particle diameter of 30 μm or less) of bagasse of 1 kg.

1g of the ultrafine plant powder of rice straw described in example 1 or 1g of the ultrafine plant powder of bagasse described in example 2 was mixed with 30mL of water, and after being uniformly dispersed, the mixture was put into a laser-assisted analytical and scattering particle size analyzer (manufactured by Nitro machine Co., ltd., MT3300 EXII) for measurement, and after the automatic analysis and calculation by the instrument, the particle size distribution patterns of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 were obtained, and the particle size of the ultrafine plant powder was analyzed as shown in Table 1,

particle size of ultrafine plant powder as shown in Table 1

As can be seen from fig. 1 to 2 and table 1, the ultrafine plant powder (powder under 80 microns is 90% and powder under 30 microns is 50%) of the rice straw according to the present invention shows that the tough lignin structure and plant cell wall have been crushed and destroyed, so that cellulose and hemicellulose as main ingredients of nutrition will be easily absorbed by animals effectively.

Examples 3 to 7

Reference example 1 was distinguished in that the coarse pulverized product was subjected to ultra-fine pulverization in a blade-shear pulverizer to obtain ultra-fine plant powder of rice straw, and specific conditions and particle sizes of the ultra-fine plant powder of rice straw are shown in table 2;

example 8

Reference example 1 was distinguished in that the conditions of the ultrafine pulverization are shown in table 2, and the particle size of the obtained ultrafine plant powder of rice straw is shown in table 2:

TABLE 2 preparation conditions of examples 3 to 8 and particle size of the obtained ultrafine plant powder of rice straw

Fig. 3 is a physical diagram of the coarse pulverized plant powder of the rice straw prepared in example 3, and fig. 4 is a physical diagram of the superfine plant powder of the rice straw prepared in example 8, and as can be seen from fig. 3 to 4, the grain size of the rice straw is obviously reduced after superfine pulverization.

Test example 1

The method for evaluating the enzymolysis saccharification of plant feed raw materials such as straw and the like comprises the following steps:

acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution; 13.6g of sodium acetate trihydrate is dissolved in water, a corrected pH meter is inserted into the solution, anhydrous acetic acid is dripped into the solution until the target pH value is 5, and finally the volume is fixed to 1L;

preparing a DNS solution (reducing sugar determination solution); 182g of potassium sodium tartrate is dissolved in distilled water, after the temperature is heated to 45 ℃, 21g NaOH,6.3g 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, 5g of phenol and 5g of anhydrous sodium sulfite are added, after the solution is cooled to room temperature, distilled water is used for constant volume to 1000mL;

preparing CMC (sodium carboxymethylcellulose) with the mass percentage concentration of 1%; 10g CMC was dissolved in 1000mL of 0.1mol/L sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer solution;

2mg/mL glucose standard solution; the glucose after constant weight was prepared with distilled water.

Standard curve determination:

0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5mL of 2mg/mL glucose standard solution, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1 and 0mL of acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution, 0.5mL of CMC with mass concentration of 1%, 2mL of DNS solution are added into 6 test tubes respectively, boiled, 10mL of distilled water is added, after uniform mixing, the absorbance value (A) of each tube is measured by taking a No. 0 tube (without 2mg/mL glucose standard solution) as a reference at a wavelength of 540 nm. A standard curve (as shown in fig. 5) was plotted with absorbance values on the ordinate and glucose concentrations on the abscissa.

And (3) evaluating enzymolysis saccharification rate:

5g of rice straw of examples 3 to 8 and 30mL of acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution were added to the Erlenmeyer flask, respectively, and put into a shaker. After the two are fully mixed and the temperature is stable, 0.05g of cellulase is added, saccharification reaction is started, and the temperature of the enzyme reaction is set to be 50 ℃. After reacting for 2-24 h, taking saccharifying liquid, centrifugally separating 10,000 r/min, taking a proper amount of supernatant (0.10 mL) and two colorimetric tubes, then respectively adding 0.90mL of acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution and 2mL of DNS solution into the two colorimetric tubes, uniformly mixing, measuring the absorbance of the experimental group solution at the wavelength of 540nm, calculating the mass of reducing sugar and the yield of the reducing sugar, wherein the sugar conversion rate (%) =100 of total sugar amount/total cellulose; total cellulose = straw 0.7.

Table 3 sugar conversion of ultrafine plant powder of Rice straw in examples 3 to 8 under enzymolysis

From this, it can be seen that the ultrafine pulverization can improve saccharification effect of plant powder, and the smaller the particle size, the higher the saccharification rate, and the different pulverization modes can lead to different saccharification rates.

Test example 2

Referring to test example 1, the only difference was that cellulase was replaced with CTec2, ACCF-5640 (meiji saccharifying enzyme, enzyme activity 1230u/g, japanese Ming.) and HTec2; the superfine plant powder of the rice straw was replaced with the superfine plant powder of the bagasse of example 2, the addition amount of each enzyme was only 1%, and the sugar conversion rate of the superfine plant powder of the bagasse under the enzymolysis is shown in table 4;

TABLE 4 sugar conversion of ultrafine plant powder of bagasse under enzymolysis

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The preparation method of the superfine plant powder is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ultra-fine pulverization is impact pulverization or shear pulverization.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the impact mill has an acceleration of 2G or greater;

4. The method of making according to claim 1, wherein the plant material comprises a plant biomass.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the plant biomass comprises one or more of crop plants, crop waste, wood waste, and agricultural product processing offal.

6. The ultrafine plant powder produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The use of the ultrafine plant powder according to claim 6 in a plant feed, wherein the plant feed comprises an ultrafine plant powder with a particle diameter of 0.5mm or less, and the mass percentage of 100 μm or less in the ultrafine plant powder is 50% or more;

8. The use according to claim 7, wherein the ultra-fine plant powder is an ultra-fine plant powder pretreated by saccharification and fermentation.

9. The use of claim 8, wherein the saccharification and fermentation pretreatment process comprises the steps of:

10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the saccharification and fermentation pretreatment has a pH of 5-6, a temperature of 5-50 ℃, and a time of 0.2-168 hours.