CN117027825A - Full-face tunneling construction process of frozen inclined shaft fully-mechanized coal mining machine - Google Patents
Full-face tunneling construction process of frozen inclined shaft fully-mechanized coal mining machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN117027825A CN117027825A CN202311113364.6A CN202311113364A CN117027825A CN 117027825 A CN117027825 A CN 117027825A CN 202311113364 A CN202311113364 A CN 202311113364A CN 117027825 A CN117027825 A CN 117027825A
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- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 179
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 113
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 113
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 74
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- JPNWDVUTVSTKMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt tungsten Chemical compound [Co].[W] JPNWDVUTVSTKMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- LNSPFAOULBTYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].C#C Chemical group [O].C#C LNSPFAOULBTYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/11—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Abstract
The invention discloses a full-face tunneling construction process of a frozen inclined shaft comprehensive tunneling machine, which adopts the comprehensive tunneling machine to carry out full-face circulating tunneling construction in a small-scale tunneling mode of 0.8-1.0 m; the cyclic tunneling construction comprises the following steps: the tunneller moves left and right within the range of 0.6-1.0 m to excavate the middle and upper parts of the sections; in the tunneling process, the front end machine body and the elevation angle of the tunneling machine are raised by using gangue generated at the middle upper part of the tunneling section; after the middle and upper parts of the section are excavated, temporary support is carried out on the middle and upper parts of the tunneling section; after the temporary support of the middle upper part of the section is finished, the heading machine retreats and moves left and right within the range of 0.6-1.0 m again to excavate the lower part of the section; and after the excavation of the lower part of the section is completed, temporary support of the lower part of the excavated section is carried out. The invention can solve the problems of long support time delay, mutual interference between bottom plate pouring and tunneling gangue discharge and the like in the tunneling of a deep and long frozen inclined shaft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of freezing inclined shaft construction. In particular to a full-face tunneling construction process of a frozen inclined shaft fully-mechanized coal mining machine.
Background
In recent years, a comprehensive excavator is generally adopted for long-distance and large-section frozen inclined shafts in China, the tunneling speed and the roadway forming are superior to those of small-sized machinery and drilling blasting, the EZB160 type is mainly selected as the comprehensive excavator at present, a step tunneling mode is adopted, and auxiliary equipment such as a secondary belt, a rubber-tyred vehicle or a conveyor belt is arranged to complete gangue discharging; the comprehensive excavator generally adopts 5-6 m step tunneling, the tunneling machine needs to move forwards and backwards for more than 10m, the tunneling speed is influenced, the exposed time of the frozen walls of the arch part and the side wall of the inclined shaft is increased, the temporary support time of the steel frame and the net shed is prolonged, the stability of the frozen walls is influenced, water seepage between the well wall and the frozen walls is easily caused, and the construction safety is influenced to a certain extent; the secondary belt matched with the secondary heading machine needs to move in a large range along with the heading machine, well shaft bottom plate concrete cannot be continuously poured under the secondary belt, and the bottom plate pouring and the tunneling gangue discharging are mutually interfered, so that the overall tunneling construction speed of the frozen inclined shaft is influenced. In order to improve the digging and building construction speed and ensure the safety and stability of the frozen wall, the construction mode of the frozen inclined shaft comprehensive excavator needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to solve the technical problems of overlong support time delay, mutual interference between bottom plate pouring and tunneling gangue discharge and the like in deep frozen inclined shaft tunneling.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a full-face tunneling construction process of a frozen inclined shaft comprehensive tunneling machine adopts a comprehensive tunneling machine to carry out full-face circulating tunneling construction in a small-scale tunneling mode of 0.8-1.0 m; the cyclic tunneling construction comprises the following steps:
step (1), excavating the middle and upper parts of the section by moving the heading machine left and right within the range of 0.6-1.0 m; in the tunneling process, the front end machine body and the elevation angle of the tunneling machine are raised by using gangue generated at the middle upper part of the tunneling section;
step (2), temporarily supporting the middle and upper parts of the tunneling section after the middle and upper parts of the section are excavated;
step (3), after temporary support of the middle upper part of the section is finished, the heading machine retreats and moves left and right within the range of 0.6-1.0 m again to excavate the lower part of the section;
and (4) carrying out temporary support on the lower part of the excavated section after the lower part of the section is excavated.
The full-face tunneling construction process of the frozen inclined shaft fully-mechanized excavating machine adopts a rolling type vertical hole freezing method to freeze the inclined shaft, and the thickness of the frozen walls at two sides of the inclined shaft is 2.6-3.2 m; 5 rows of freezing holes are arranged along the length direction of the inclined shaft, namely a first outer row of holes, a first inner row of holes, a middle row of holes, a second inner row of holes and a second outer row of holes; the first outer row holes and the second outer row holes are respectively positioned in the freezing walls at two sides; the first inner row holes, the middle row holes and the second inner row holes are positioned in the surface to be excavated; the row spacing between the first outer row holes and the first inner row holes is 2.5-2.9 m, and the row spacing between the second inner row holes and the second outer row holes is 2.5-2.9 m; the row spacing between the first inner row holes and the second inner row holes and the row spacing between the middle row holes are 2.3-2.7 m; the depth of the freezing hole exceeds the depth of the inclined shaft digging bottom plate by 4.0-7.0 m.
According to the full-face tunneling construction process of the frozen inclined shaft fully-mechanized coal mining machine, 1 middle-row freezing pipes and 2 inner-row freezing pipes are alternately arranged in sequence along the tunneling direction of a tunneling section; the 1 middle-row freezing pipes are positioned on the middle line of the excavation section, the 2 inner-row freezing pipes are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the middle line of the excavation section, and the distance between the 2 inner-row freezing pipes is 4.5-5.5 m; along the tunneling direction: the horizontal distance between the cross sections of the middle-row freezing pipes and the inner-row freezing pipes is 1.0-1.5 m.
According to the full-face tunneling construction process of the frozen inclined shaft fully-mechanized coal mining machine, when the frozen pipes are not exposed in the excavated section or 1 middle row of frozen pipes are exposed in the midline of the excavated section: dividing the excavation section into four areas, namely an area I, an area II, an area III and an area IV, wherein the area I and the area IV are positioned on one side of a central line or a middle-row freezing pipe of the excavation section, the area II and the area III are positioned on the other side of the central line or the middle-row freezing pipe of the excavation section, the area I and the area II are positioned on the middle upper part of the excavation section, and the area III and the area IV are positioned on the lower part of the excavation section; the ratio of the maximum height of the middle upper part of the digging section to the height of the lower part of the digging section is 1-2:1;
in the tunneling construction process, the cutting sequence of the heading machine is as follows: and tunneling the I region, the II region, the III region and the IV region sequentially.
According to the full-face tunneling construction process of the frozen inclined shaft fully-mechanized coal mining machine, when 1 middle row of frozen pipes are exposed from the center line of the excavated section: tunneling is carried out on each zone according to a tunneling sequence from bottom to top;
and in the tunneling process of the area I and the area II, cutting off the middle-row freezing pipes exposed at the middle upper part of the excavation section, then continuously cutting off the area III and the area IV at the lower part of the excavation section, discharging residual frozen brine through the bottoms of the exposed middle-row freezing pipes, and cutting off the exposed middle-row freezing pipes at the lower part of the excavation section in the tunneling process of the area III and the area IV.
According to the full-face tunneling construction process of the frozen inclined shaft fully-mechanized coal mining machine, when 2 symmetrical inner-row freezing pipes are exposed from the excavated section: dividing the excavation section into six areas, namely an area I, an area II, an area III, an area IV, an area V and an area VI, wherein the area I and the area VI are positioned on the same side of the first inner-row freezing pipes and are adjacent to the outer side of the excavation section, the area II and the area V are positioned between the first inner-row freezing pipes and the second inner-row freezing pipes, and the area III and the area IV are positioned on the same side of the second inner-row freezing pipes and are adjacent to the outer side of the excavation section; the area I, the area II and the area III are positioned at the middle upper part of the excavation section, and the area IV, the area V and the area VI are positioned at the lower part of the excavation section; the ratio of the maximum height of the middle upper part of the digging section to the height of the lower part of the digging section is 1-2:1;
in the tunneling construction process, the cutting operation route of the tunneling machine is as follows: firstly cutting the I area, the II area and the III area at the middle and upper part of the excavation section, and cutting off a freezing pipe exposed at the middle and upper part of the excavation section in the tunneling process of the I area, the II area and the III area; and then continuously cutting the IV area, the V area and the VI area at the lower part of the excavation section, discharging residual frozen brine through the bottom of the freezing pipe exposed at the lower part of the excavation section, and cutting the freezing pipe exposed at the lower part of the excavation section in the tunneling process of the IV area, the V area and the VI area.
According to the full-face tunneling construction process of the frozen inclined shaft fully-mechanized coal mining machine, when 2 symmetrical inner-row freezing pipes are exposed from the excavated section: tunneling is carried out on each zone according to a tunneling sequence from bottom to top;
and (3) tunneling according to the cutting sequence of the I region, the II region and the III region in the middle and upper part of the cutting and digging section, firstly digging the middle part of the section, raising the front end machine body and the elevation angle of the heading machine by using gangue generated in the middle part, and then digging the upper part of the section.
The full-face tunneling construction process of the frozen inclined shaft fully-mechanized excavating machine comprises the following steps of:
when excavating viscous frozen soil: the cutting pick head is composed of 6, 8 or 10 tungsten-cobalt alloy strips, the specification is phi 25mm x 33mm, the brand is YG13C tungsten-cobalt alloy, and coarse particles of the tungsten-cobalt alloy are 2.0-3.0 um; the diameter of the cutting pick handle is phi 38mm, the length L2 is 80mm, and the trouser body material is 42CrMo alloy structural steel; the total length L of the cutting pick is 156mm, and the diameter D of the connecting part of the cutting pick head and the cutting pick handle is 64mm;
when sandy frozen soil is excavated: 28mm of cutting pick head specification, YG11C of tungsten-cobalt alloy, or 33mm of cutting pick head specification, YG13C of tungsten-cobalt alloy, wherein coarse particles of the tungsten-cobalt alloy are 2.0-3.0 um; the diameter of the cutting pick handle is phi 38mm, the length L2 is 80mm, and the trouser body material is 42CrMo alloy structural steel; the total length L of the cutting pick is 156mm, and the diameter D of the connecting part of the cutting pick head and the cutting pick handle is 64mm;
when excavating frozen bedrock: the specification of the cutting pick head is phi 25mm, 33mm, the brand of the tungsten-cobalt alloy is YG13C, and the coarse particles of the tungsten-cobalt alloy are 2.0-3.0 um; the diameter of the cutting pick handle is phi 38mm, the length L2 is 80mm, and the trouser body material is 42CrMo alloy structural steel; the total length L of the cutting pick is 156mm, and the diameter D of the connecting part of the cutting pick head and the tooth handle is 64mm.
According to the full-face tunneling construction process of the frozen inclined shaft comprehensive excavator, the comprehensive excavator is an EBZ260H type comprehensive excavator or an EBZ315 type comprehensive excavator, temporary supports at the middle and upper parts of the excavated section comprise mounting rack roof arches, and temporary supports at the lower parts of the excavated section comprise erection of canopy legs and connection of arched beams; during temporary support, the used frame shed is a cross-steel frame shed with the length of 0.8-1.0 m, and a soft and thin heat insulation layer is paved outside the steel frame shed.
According to the full-face tunneling construction process of the frozen inclined shaft fully-mechanized coal mining machine, the tail of the EBZ260H type or EBZ315 type fully-mechanized coal mining machine is also hinged with a secondary belt with the length of more than or equal to 21m; when the comprehensive excavator is used for excavating, the EBZ260H type or the EBZ315 type comprehensive excavator is used for loading the gangue into the secondary conveying belt, and the secondary conveying belt is sent into the transport vehicle or the transport belt for gangue discharge; the span between two supports of the two-way belt is more than or equal to 16m, and wheels are arranged on support legs of the two-way belt; when the inclination angle of the frozen inclined shaft is smaller than or equal to 6 degrees, adopting a trackless rubber-tyred mine car to discharge gangue, namely directly conveying the gangue into the trackless rubber-tyred mine car through a two-conveyor belt to discharge gangue; when the inclination angle of the frozen inclined shaft is larger than 6 degrees and smaller than or equal to 10 degrees, adopting a trackless rubber-tyred mine car to discharge gangue, and adding ground anti-skid measures and bridge approach of a lengthened template trolley on an ascending slope section of the frozen inclined shaft for discharging gangue; when the inclination angle of the frozen inclined shaft is larger than 10 degrees, adopting an inclined shaft tipping bucket mine car or a conveyer belt to discharge gangue; and when gangue is discharged, the bottom plate construction of the outer layer well wall of the frozen inclined shaft is completed under the secondary conveying belt.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. aiming at the pit shaft digging construction of the freezing section of the deep and long freezing inclined shaft, the invention selects an EBZ260H type comprehensive excavator or an EBZ315 type comprehensive excavator, adopts a small-footage (0.8-1.0 m) tunneling mode of the middle upper part of the tunneling section and the lower part of the tunneling section, replaces the traditional step tunneling mode, innovates the full-section tunneling construction process of the freezing inclined shaft, and can realize the supporting (frame shed) of the freezing inclined shaft along with the tunneling, thereby effectively avoiding the bare upper of the freezing wall, ensuring the safety and stability of the freezing wall and realizing no water seepage and no water accumulation of the tunneling working surface.
2. According to the invention, the EBZ260H type or EBZ315 type comprehensive excavator is adopted to carry out full-face tunneling construction of the deep and long freezing inclined shaft, and the full-face tunneling mode of the comprehensive excavator and the gangue loading mode of the lengthened two-conveyor belt are combined with each other, so that the construction of the outer wall bottom plates such as the replacement bottom plate, the installation bottom arch beam, the casting concrete and the like is completed under the two-conveyor belt, the casting position of the outer wall bottom plate is moved forward, a flat gangue loading area is provided for the rubber-tyred vehicle, conditions are created for casting the concrete outer wall as soon as possible, and a water stringing channel is prevented from being formed between the freezing wall and the outer wall.
3. The full-face tunneling construction process of the frozen inclined shaft comprehensive tunneling machine can ensure that the lengthened two-conveyor belt matched with the tunneling machine moves forward orderly, and the construction of the outer wall bottom plate is completed under the two-conveyor belt, so that the problem of mutual interference between tunneling and gangue discharging and pouring of concrete well walls, particularly bottom plates, is solved, and the continuous and rapid tunneling capacity of the deep frozen inclined shaft is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a real-time photograph of an EBZ260H fully-mechanized mining machine in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional layout of a four-zone embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional cut line view of a four-zone embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a six-zone cross-sectional layout view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a six-zone cross-sectional cut line diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a stick geometry for a cohesive frozen mating in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a sand-frozen soil matched pick geometry in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a sand frozen earth or frozen bedrock matched pick geometry in an embodiment of the invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings are as follows: 1-middle row of freezing pipes; 2-a first inner row of freezing tubes; 3-second inner row of freezing pipes.
Detailed Description
The embodiment carries out engineering experiments on the freezing construction of the auxiliary inclined shaft of the rich mine, and further describes the full-face tunneling construction process of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine of the frozen inclined shaft.
1. Engineering overview
In the embodiment, the design length of the auxiliary inclined shaft for the rich-rise mine is 1760m, the open trench 37m is constructed in the ground jet grouting pile and pre-grouting stratum reinforcing mode, then the construction is changed into the freezing method because water outlet cannot be constructed, the design length of a shaft of a freezing section is 1050m, the freezing vertical depth is 110m, and the method is the head of the length of the freezing section of the inclined shaft for the global coal mine; the net width of the shaft is 5400mm, the net height is 4300mm, the shaft support of the freezing section adopts a double-layer shaft wall, the temporary support of tunneling adopts a steel frame net cage, the tunneling width is 7300mm, the tunneling height is 6550-6850 mm, and the tunneling section is 42.1-44.3 m 2 。
The design thickness of the freezing walls at two sides of the auxiliary inclined shaft for the rich-rise ore freezing is 2.6-3.0 m, 5 rows of freezing holes are arranged along the length direction of the inclined shaft by adopting a rolling type vertical hole freezing construction process, the row spacing between the outer row of holes and the inner row of holes is 2.7-2.8 m, the row spacing between the inner row of holes and the middle row of holes is 2.5m, the row spacing between the outer row of holes is 1.2m, the row spacing between the middle row of holes and the inner row of holes is 2.0m (a punching layer) to 2.5m (a bedrock section), the middle row of holes and the inner row of holes are arranged, namely, the middle row of holes are advanced by half a hole spacing (1.0-1.25 m) compared with the inner row of holes, and the depth of the 5 rows of freezing holes exceeds 4.0m (shallow part) to 7.0m (deep part) of the digging bottom plate of the inclined shaft. The average digging and building speed of the frozen inclined shaft design is 40 m/month, and the digging and building period of the freezing section is 26.25 months.
The average digging and building speed of the freezing section of the inclined shaft in China is basically less than 35 m/month, the digging and building speed in the period of several months can be more than 40 m/month, more than 60 m/month is realized in a single month, the highest single month digging and building speed is reported to be 72 m/month at present, but the digging and building speed of the whole freezing section is still lower than 45 m/month. The average digging and laying speed of the frozen inclined shaft designed by the rich mine is 40 m/month, if 50 m/month can be realized, the digging and laying construction period of the freezing section can be shortened by more than 5 months, and the freezing engineering and the digging and laying engineering can save great cost.
According to the embodiment, a proper comprehensive excavator type is selected for the auxiliary inclined shaft for the rich mine freezing, a new construction process for full-section tunneling of the inclined shaft is created, the lengthened two-conveyor belt matched with the excavator is ensured to orderly advance, the construction of the outer wall bottom plate is completed under the two-conveyor belt, the supporting (frame shed) of the inclined shaft along with tunneling is realized, the problem of mutual interference between the tunneling gangue discharging and the concrete bottom plate is solved, and the tunneling construction speed of the inclined shaft is improved.
2. Comprehensive excavator selecting machine
In order to improve the tunneling speed and the stability of a freezing wall of a frozen auxiliary inclined shaft of a rich mine, firstly, selecting a model of a tunneling machine to meet the full-section tunneling requirement, considering the tunneling section size of the inclined shaft, the technical parameters of the tunneling machine such as the mechanical tunneling range, the cutting motor power, the ground specific pressure and the like, and considering the stability of the freezing section of the inclined shaft under the rolling of the comprehensive tunneling machine; the maximum model of the tunneling machine selected by the conventional freezing inclined shaft is EBZ160, and the comprehensive tunneling machine of some models is applied to non-freezing well drift tunneling, so that reference experience is provided for selecting the comprehensive tunneling machine for full-face tunneling of the freezing inclined shaft.
The embodiment selects the comprehensive excavator EBZ260H (see figure 1) which has proper cutting motor power, is suitable for full face tunneling, has moderate ground specific pressure and is convenient to maintain, improves the operation mode and tunneling construction process of the comprehensive excavator EBZ260H, replaces the traditional step tunneling mode, realizes the full face tunneling of the frozen inclined shaft and the concrete bottom plate casting under the two-conveyor belt by utilizing relatively small ground specific pressure and cutting motor power, improves the tunneling speed of the frozen inclined shaft, and realizes the parallel operation of tunneling gangue discharge and wall construction.
Table 1 main technical parameter comparison table of comprehensive excavator
Combined ore-lifting auxiliary inclined shaft 42.1-44.3 m 2 Main technical parameters (see table 1) of the comprehensive excavator, the application of EBZ160 construction experience of freezing inclined shafts in China and the application of the comprehensive excavator in the well drift tunneling, and the EBZ260H type comprehensive excavator is selected to solve the problem of freezing inclined shaftsFull-face tunneling and mutual interference of tunneling and gangue discharging and wall construction.
Auxiliary inclined shaft for lifting rich ore and tunneling section larger than 50m 2 The frozen inclined shaft of the (2) can also be selected from an EBZ315 comprehensive excavator, the EBZ315 comprehensive excavator can excavate larger height and width, and the cutting motor power is larger; however, the specific ground pressure of the EBZ260H is only increased by 29% compared with that of the EBZ160, and the specific ground pressure of the EBZ315 is increased by 57% compared with that of the EBZ160, so that the adoption of the EBZ315 comprehensive excavator is required to increase the thickness and strength of the frozen wall base plate of the viscous soil layer, namely the frozen vertical hole in the viscous soil layer is required to be maintained to be more than 5m beyond the deep part of the excavating base plate, the freezing time from the intersection of the frozen wall base plate of the inclined shaft to the beginning of excavating of the excavator is required to be prolonged, and the adoption of the EBZ260H comprehensive excavator is required to be achieved by the fact that the depth of the frozen vertical hole in the viscous soil layer exceeds the depth of the excavating base plate by more than 3 m.
3. Full-face tunneling technology
(1) Tunneling mode
The positioning maximum tunneling height of the EBZ260H type comprehensive tunneling machine is 5.0m, the positioning maximum tunneling width is 6.1m, the tunneling rough diameter of the auxiliary inclined shaft of the rising rich ore is 6.55-6.85 m, and the tunneling rough diameter is 7.3m; in order to realize full-face tunneling, the EBZ260H type comprehensive excavator adopts a small left-right movement mode in which the upper middle part of the section is excavated firstly and the lower part of the section is excavated later, namely the excavator moves once in a small range of 0.6-1.0 m, the upper middle part of the section of the inclined shaft is excavated according to a small-length and non-gangue scraping mode, the front end body and elevation angle of the excavator are increased by gangue generated in the middle part of the excavated section, the excavation height influenced by the downward inclination of the inclined shaft is filled, the top tunneling of the section of the inclined shaft is realized, after the top of the section is formed and the roof arch of the canopy is initially installed, the excavator moves left and right again within a small range of 0.6-1.0 m, the lower part of the section of the inclined shaft is excavated, and then the canopy legs and the arched beams are erected. Because the left and right movement amount and the footage of the heading machine are smaller, the hinging and movement of the two-way belt and the heading machine are not affected.
(2) Freezing pipe position and cutting head operation line
In the tunneling process of the frozen inclined shaft, every 1.0m (bedding layer) to 1.25m (bedrock layer) is arranged, the middle-row freezing pipes (1) and the inner-row freezing pipes (2) are symmetrical and are arranged at intervals of about 5 m) alternately, so that the cutting head of the tunneling machine can be prevented from being mistakenly collided with the freezing pipes, and the tunneling machine needs to sequentially cut according to a four-area roadmap (see fig. 2 and 3) or a six-area roadmap (see fig. 4 and 5) according to the positions of the frozen pipes of the tunneling section; the ratio of the maximum height of the middle upper part to the height of the lower part of the digging section is 1-2:1 when the digging section is partitioned.
(1) When a middle-row freezing pipe or a freezing-free pipe is exposed from the center line of the excavation section, cutting the middle-upper part I area and the middle-lower part II area of the section according to a four-area line diagram in fig. 3, cutting off the middle-row freezing pipe exposed to the middle-upper part of the excavation section in the tunneling process, then converting into the lower part III area and the lower part IV area of the cutting section, discharging residual frozen brine from the bottom of the exposed middle-row freezing pipe, and cutting off the middle-row freezing pipe exposed to the lower part of the excavation section in the tunneling process; tunneling is carried out on each zone according to the tunneling sequence from bottom to top.
(2) When two symmetrical inner row hole freezing pipes are exposed on the excavated section, cutting areas I, II and III in the middle and upper parts of the section according to a six-area line diagram in fig. 5, cutting off the freezing pipes exposed on the two sides of the middle and upper parts of the excavated section in the tunneling process, then converting into areas IV, V and VI in the lower parts of the section, discharging residual frozen brine from the bottoms of the freezing pipes on the two exposed sides, and cutting off the freezing pipes exposed on the two sides of the lower part of the excavated section in the tunneling process; the middle part of the section is excavated firstly, the gangue is used for raising the heading machine, the elevation angle of the heading machine is adjusted, and then the upper part of the section is excavated, so that the alternate cutting phenomenon of the area I and the area II can occur during the excavation.
Because the freezing unit uses compressed air to drain the brine in the middle and inner rows of freezing pipes of the digging part in advance, the residual small amount of brine is mainly concentrated in the freezing pipes below the digging section, a small amount of brine possibly remains in the freezing pipes of the individual digging section, small holes are cut at the bottom of the exposed freezing pipes by an oxygen acetylene cutting gun, the residual brine is put into a water bucket, and the residual brine is transported out of a shaft along with the gangue.
(3) Pick selection
The differences of viscosity, hardness and particle size of the rock (soil) layers have great influence on the abrasion and tunneling speed of cutting picks on the cutting head of the tunneling machine, different frozen soil layers are required to be made of hard alloy materials with different tungsten and cobalt components and cutting picks with different external dimensions (see table 2), and the cutting pick materials and tooth shapes with the serial numbers of 01, 02 and 03 in table 2 are respectively selected for the cohesive frozen soil, the sandy frozen soil and the frozen bedrock.
Table 2 development machine cutting head pick selection method
(4) Temporary support for tunneling process
The temporary support for the tunneling of the frozen inclined shaft generally adopts a steel frame net shed with a span of 0.8-1.0 m, the steel frame net shed of the frozen auxiliary inclined shaft for the rich mine is 0.8m per span, the cutting rule of the EBZ260 type comprehensive tunneling machine is about 0.4m each time, the tunneling circulation rule is 0.8-1.0 m, when the tunneling of the section exceeds 0.8m, the steel arch frame and the net shed are erected, a soft and thin heat insulation layer is paved outside the net shed, and the construction protection and the freezing wall heat preservation are enhanced.
4. Tunneling gangue-discharging matching equipment
(1) Gangue scraping device of heading machine
The bottom of the EBZ260H type comprehensive excavator is provided with a three-jaw star wheel and an edge double-chain scraper, the width of the scraper is 3.3m, the rotation speed of the star wheel is 30-35 r/min, and the gangue scraping (loading) capacity is 260m 3 And/h, hinging a secondary belt at the tail part of the comprehensive excavator. When the comprehensive excavator excavates or discharges gangue, the bottom shovel of the excavator receives or shovels the gangue, the three-jaw star wheel rotates inwards to drive the side double-chain scraper to scrape the gangue into the gangue bin between the two tracks of the excavator, the gangue is lifted and then is loaded into the two-conveyor belt from the tail part of the excavator, and the two-conveyor belt is sent into the conveyor vehicle or the conveyor belt. The width of the bottom shovel of the heading machine is larger than that of the vehicle body, so that a road is shoveled for crawler travel of the heading machine.
(2) Gangue two-transportation belt
The waste rock secondary conveying belt generally only needs more than ten meters, and the requirements of waste rock scraping to waste rock loading into a conveying vehicle or conveying belt can be met. The secondary inclined shaft for lifting rich ores is used for solving the problem of mutual interference between tunneling gangue discharge and construction of an outer wall bottom plate, and a secondary belt is lengthened to 21m; the two-belt support leg is provided with wheels, so that the two-belt support leg can conveniently move forwards and backwards, can be dragged and transversely moved in a small range, and can ensure that the two-belt can advance and retreat together with the heading machine; the span between two supports of the second-order belt is larger than 16m, so that concrete pouring construction of the outer wall bottom plate is conveniently carried out under the second-order belt, and the new concrete bottom plate bearing under the second-order belt can be avoided.
(3) Gangue discharging transport vehicle
The inclination angle of the auxiliary inclined shaft for lifting the rich ore is 6 degrees, the gradient is smaller, the trolley is used for discharging gangue, and a track, a conveying belt and the like are not required to be paved in a template trolley for pouring the well wall concrete, so that flexible and convenient gangue loading and conveying are realized; when the inclined angle of the inclined shaft is close to 10 degrees, the ground anti-skid measures are required to be added on the uphill sections with the gradient increased, such as the upper template trolley, and the approach bridge of the upper template trolley is required to be lengthened, so that the influence of the gradient increase on the waste rock transportation of the rubber-tyred vehicle is reduced; when the inclination angle of the frozen inclined shaft is larger than 10 degrees, the inclined shaft tipping bucket mine car or the conveyer belt is adopted to discharge gangue, and the channel of the template trolley is required to be treated, so that the template trolley can be independently supported and separated from the trolley, mutual interference is reduced, and parallel operation of gangue discharge and concrete bottom plate pouring is ensured.
5. Application effect of full face tunneling construction technology
(1) The auxiliary inclined shaft for freezing the rich ore adopts an EBZ260H type comprehensive excavator and full-face tunneling construction technology, so that the inclined shaft is supported (sheds) along with tunneling, the bare sides of the freezing walls are avoided, the safety and stability of the freezing walls are ensured, and no water seepage and no water accumulation of a tunneling working face are realized.
(2) The full-face tunneling mode of the comprehensive excavator and the gangue loading mode of the lengthened two-way belt are combined with each other, so that the construction of outer wall bottom plates such as a replacement bottom plate, a bottom arched beam installation and concrete pouring is completed under the two-way belt, the pouring position of the outer wall bottom plate is moved forward, a flat gangue loading area is provided for the rubber-tyred vehicle, conditions are created for pouring the concrete outer wall as early as possible, and a water-stringing channel is prevented from being formed between the freezing wall and the outer wall.
(3) The full-face tunneling construction technology of the comprehensive excavator ensures that the lengthened two-conveyor belt moves forward orderly, avoids the load bearing of a newly built concrete bottom plate under the two-conveyor belt, solves the problem of mutual interference between tunneling gangue discharge and a poured concrete well wall, and improves the continuous and rapid tunneling capacity of a deep and long frozen inclined well; the average digging and building (well forming) speed of the auxiliary inclined shaft 1031m underground digging and freezing section of the rich ore freezing auxiliary inclined shaft 1034 m is 50.8 m/month, the highest speed of the Gao Yuecheng shaft is 102.4 m/month, and the digging and building construction time of the freezing section is shortened by about 6 months.
6. Conclusion(s)
(1) By using an EBZ260H type comprehensive excavator, a small-scale tunneling mode of excavating the middle upper part of the inclined shaft section firstly and excavating the lower part of the inclined shaft section later is used for replacing the traditional step tunneling mode, a full-section tunneling construction process of the frozen inclined shaft is innovated, the frozen inclined shaft is supported along with the tunneling, the outer wall construction is completed in advance, and the tunneling construction safety of the frozen section is ensured.
(2) The full-face tunneling construction technology of the frozen inclined shaft ensures that the lengthened two-way belt moves forward orderly, and the construction of the outer wall bottom plate is completed under the two-way belt, so that the problem of mutual interference between the tunneling and gangue discharging of the frozen inclined shaft and the pouring of a concrete well wall, particularly the pouring of the bottom plate, is solved, and the continuous and rapid tunneling capacity of the deep and long frozen inclined shaft is improved.
Claims (10)
1. A full-face tunneling construction process of a frozen inclined shaft comprehensive tunneling machine is characterized in that the comprehensive tunneling machine is adopted to carry out full-face circulating tunneling construction in a small-scale tunneling mode of 0.8-1.0 m; the cyclic tunneling construction comprises the following steps:
step (1), excavating the middle and upper parts of the section by moving the heading machine left and right within the range of 0.6-1.0 m;
step (2), temporarily supporting the middle and upper parts of the tunneling section after the middle and upper parts of the section are excavated;
step (3), after temporary support of the middle upper part of the section is finished, the heading machine retreats and moves left and right within the range of 0.6-1.0 m again to excavate the lower part of the section;
and (4) carrying out temporary support on the lower part of the excavated section after the lower part of the section is excavated.
2. The full-face tunneling construction process of the frozen inclined shaft fully-mechanized coal mining machine, which is characterized in that a rolling vertical hole freezing method is adopted to freeze the inclined shaft, and the thickness of the frozen walls at the two sides of the inclined shaft is 2.6-3.2 m; 5 rows of freezing holes are arranged along the length direction of the inclined shaft, namely a first outer row of holes, a first inner row of holes, a middle row of holes, a second inner row of holes and a second outer row of holes; the first outer row holes and the second outer row holes are respectively positioned in the freezing walls at two sides; the first inner row holes, the middle row holes and the second inner row holes are positioned in the surface to be excavated; the row spacing between the first outer row holes and the first inner row holes is 2.5-2.9 m, and the row spacing between the second inner row holes and the second outer row holes is 2.5-2.9 m; the row spacing between the first inner row holes and the second inner row holes and the row spacing between the middle row holes are 2.3-2.7 m; the depth of the freezing hole exceeds the depth of the inclined shaft digging bottom plate by 4.0-7.0 m.
3. The full-face tunneling construction process of the frozen inclined shaft fully-mechanized coal mining machine according to claim 2, wherein 1 middle-row freezing pipes and 2 inner-row freezing pipes are alternately arranged in sequence along the tunneling direction of the excavated section; the 1 middle-row freezing pipes are positioned on the middle line of the excavation section, the 2 inner-row freezing pipes are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the middle line of the excavation section, and the distance between the 2 inner-row freezing pipes is 4.5-5.5 m; along the tunneling direction: the horizontal distance between the cross sections of the middle-row freezing pipes and the inner-row freezing pipes is 1.0-1.5 m.
4. A full face tunneling construction process of a frozen inclined shaft fully-mechanized coal mining machine according to claim 3, wherein when the excavated section is not exposed with the frozen pipes or 1 middle row of frozen pipes is exposed in the center line of the excavated section: dividing the excavation section into four areas, namely an area I, an area II, an area III and an area IV, wherein the area I and the area IV are positioned on one side of a central line or a middle-row freezing pipe of the excavation section, the area II and the area III are positioned on the other side of the central line or the middle-row freezing pipe of the excavation section, the area I and the area II are positioned on the middle upper part of the excavation section, and the area III and the area IV are positioned on the lower part of the excavation section; the ratio of the maximum height of the middle upper part of the digging section to the height of the lower part of the digging section is 1-2:1;
in the tunneling construction process, the cutting sequence of the heading machine is as follows: and tunneling the I region, the II region, the III region and the IV region sequentially.
5. The full-face tunneling construction process of the frozen inclined shaft fully-mechanized coal mining machine according to claim 4, wherein when 1 middle row of freezing pipes are exposed from the center line of the excavated section: tunneling is carried out on each zone according to a tunneling sequence from bottom to top;
and in the tunneling process of the area I and the area II, cutting off the middle-row freezing pipes exposed at the middle upper part of the excavation section, then continuously cutting off the area III and the area IV at the lower part of the excavation section, discharging residual frozen brine through the bottoms of the exposed middle-row freezing pipes, and cutting off the exposed middle-row freezing pipes at the lower part of the excavation section in the tunneling process of the area III and the area IV.
6. A full face tunneling construction process of a frozen inclined shaft fully-mechanized coal mining machine according to claim 3, characterized in that when 2 symmetrical inner rows of freezing pipes are exposed to the excavated section: dividing the excavation section into six areas, namely an area I, an area II, an area III, an area IV, an area V and an area VI, wherein the area I and the area VI are positioned on the same side of the first inner-row freezing pipes and are adjacent to the outer side of the excavation section, the area II and the area V are positioned between the first inner-row freezing pipes and the second inner-row freezing pipes, and the area III and the area IV are positioned on the same side of the second inner-row freezing pipes and are adjacent to the outer side of the excavation section; the area I, the area II and the area III are positioned at the middle upper part of the excavation section, and the area IV, the area V and the area VI are positioned at the lower part of the excavation section; the ratio of the maximum height of the middle upper part of the digging section to the height of the lower part of the digging section is 1-2:1;
in the tunneling construction process, the cutting operation route of the tunneling machine is as follows: firstly cutting the I area, the II area and the III area at the middle and upper part of the excavation section, and cutting off a freezing pipe exposed at the middle and upper part of the excavation section in the tunneling process of the I area, the II area and the III area; and then continuously cutting the IV area, the V area and the VI area at the lower part of the excavation section, discharging residual frozen brine through the bottom of the freezing pipe exposed at the lower part of the excavation section, and cutting the freezing pipe exposed at the lower part of the excavation section in the tunneling process of the IV area, the V area and the VI area.
7. The full-face tunneling construction process of the frozen inclined shaft fully-mechanized coal mining machine according to claim 6, wherein when 2 symmetrical inner rows of freezing pipes are exposed on the excavated section: tunneling is carried out on each zone according to a tunneling sequence from bottom to top;
and (3) tunneling according to the cutting sequence of the I region, the II region and the III region in the middle and upper part of the cutting and digging section, firstly digging the middle part of the section, raising the front end machine body and the elevation angle of the heading machine by using gangue generated in the middle part, and then digging the upper part of the section.
8. The frozen inclined shaft fully-mechanized coal mining machine full face tunneling construction process according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the selection of the cutting pick of the heading machine is as follows:
when excavating viscous frozen soil: the cutting pick head is composed of 6, 8 or 10 tungsten-cobalt alloy strips, the specification is phi 25mm x 33mm, the brand is YG13C tungsten-cobalt alloy, and coarse particles of the tungsten-cobalt alloy are 2.0-3.0 um; the diameter of the cutting pick handle is phi 38mm, the length L2 is 80mm, and the trouser body material is 42CrMo alloy structural steel; the total length L of the cutting pick is 156mm, and the diameter D of the connecting part of the cutting pick head and the cutting pick handle is 64mm;
when sandy frozen soil is excavated: 28mm of cutting pick head specification, YG11C of tungsten-cobalt alloy, or 33mm of cutting pick head specification, YG13C of tungsten-cobalt alloy, wherein coarse particles of the tungsten-cobalt alloy are 2.0-3.0 um; the diameter of the cutting pick handle is phi 38mm, the length L2 is 80mm, and the trouser body material is 42CrMo alloy structural steel; the total length L of the cutting pick is 156mm, and the diameter D of the connecting part of the cutting pick head and the cutting pick handle is 64mm;
when excavating frozen bedrock: the specification of the cutting pick head is phi 25mm, 33mm, the brand of the tungsten-cobalt alloy is YG13C, and the coarse particles of the tungsten-cobalt alloy are 2.0-3.0 um; the diameter of the cutting pick handle is phi 38mm, the length L2 is 80mm, and the trouser body material is 42CrMo alloy structural steel; the total length L of the cutting pick is 156mm, and the diameter D of the connecting part of the cutting pick head and the tooth handle is 64mm.
9. The full-face tunneling construction process of the frozen inclined shaft fully-mechanized coal mining machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the fully-mechanized coal mining machine is an EBZ260H type fully-mechanized coal mining machine or an EBZ315 type fully-mechanized coal mining machine, and temporary supports at the middle upper part of the excavated section comprise mounting rack roof arches; temporary support at the lower part of the excavation section comprises erecting shed legs and connecting arched beams; during temporary support, the used frame shed is a cross-steel frame shed with the length of 0.8-1.0 m, and a soft and thin heat insulation layer is paved outside the steel frame shed.
10. The full-face tunneling construction process of the frozen inclined shaft fully-mechanized coal mining machine according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the tail part of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine is further hinged with a two-way belt with the length of more than or equal to 21m; when the comprehensive excavator is used for excavating, the comprehensive excavator is used for loading the gangue into the secondary conveying belt, and the secondary conveying belt is sent into the transport vehicle or the transport belt for gangue discharge; the span between two supports of the two-way belt is more than or equal to 16m, and wheels are arranged on support legs of the two-way belt;
when the inclination angle of the frozen inclined shaft is smaller than or equal to 6 degrees, adopting a trackless rubber-tyred mine car to discharge gangue, namely directly conveying the gangue into the trackless rubber-tyred mine car through a two-conveyor belt to discharge gangue;
when the inclination angle of the frozen inclined shaft is larger than 6 degrees and smaller than or equal to 10 degrees, adopting a trackless rubber-tyred mine car to discharge gangue, and adding ground anti-skid measures and bridge approach of a lengthened template trolley on an ascending slope section of the frozen inclined shaft for discharging gangue;
when the inclination angle of the frozen inclined shaft is larger than 10 degrees, adopting an inclined shaft tipping bucket mine car or a conveyer belt to discharge gangue;
and when gangue is discharged, the bottom plate construction of the outer layer well wall of the frozen inclined shaft is completed under the secondary conveying belt.
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