CN116998622A

CN116998622A - Weaning feed for pet dog cubs and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN116998622A
Application number: CN202311145715.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曾霖; 张斌; 王永红
Original assignee: Bengbu College
Current assignee: Bengbu College
Priority date: 2023-09-06
Filing date: 2023-09-06
Publication date: 2023-11-07

Abstract

The invention relates to a weaning feed for pet dogs and pups, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 27% of protein source, 8% of fat source, 45% of sugar source, 1% of amino acid premix, 0.4% of vitamin premix, 0.5% of mineral premix, 0.15% of choline, 1% of monocalcium phosphate, 0-6% of colostrum goat milk powder, 3-9% of phagostimulant, 1% of Chinese herbal medicine extract, 0.002% of potassium sorbate and 1-13% of microcrystalline cellulose. The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) The feed disclosed by the invention is comprehensive and balanced in nutrition, can improve the organism immunity of the canine cubs, has the digestion utilization rate, and promotes the growth and development. (2) the feed of the invention has good palatability; the appetite of the pet dog cubs during the weaning period is improved, and the normal ingestion of the pet dog cubs during the weaning period is ensured. The method is suitable for the requirements of the pet dog cubs in various periods such as pre-weaning period, post-weaning period and the like, and the damage of weaning stress to the pet dog cubs is reduced to the greatest extent.

Description

Weaning feed for pet dog cubs and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of animal feed, and particularly relates to a weaning feed for pet dogs and pups and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, pet dog feeding has become a sunward industry. The canine is agile, loyal to people and good for people, and is a very sensitive animal. The pet dogs can bring happiness, active atmosphere, and mental comfort for relieving autism, life pressure and the like to human beings; can also lead to bring brightness and warmth to the blind. Therefore, many people consider pet dogs as an important member of the home. At present, more common pet dogs are gold wool, labrador, halfton, shepherd, coxib, and chinese rural dogs, among others.

Similar to other mammals, the pup period of pet dogs also experiences weaning stress. Weaning stress is mainly formed by superposition of nutritional stress, psychological stress, environmental stress, disease stress and the like, is one of the largest stresses in the life of pet dogs, and can seriously influence the growth performance and disease resistance of the dogs in the later stage due to improper treatment. The appetite of the pups is low, the digestive system is not fully developed, and diarrhea is frequent. The diarrhea treated by antibiotics can cause drug resistance of the canine cub body and can also pollute the environment. In addition, in order to keep living environment clean, it is necessary to wash the pet dogs frequently. In this process, canine pups are extremely susceptible to low temperature stress, especially during winter low temperature, and pet canine pups suffering from low temperature stress are poorly immune, susceptible to illness, and bring many trouble to lovers. At present, a feed capable of improving appetite and immune function of the pups of the pet dogs is urgently needed.

The prior art, such as the Chinese patent application publication No. CN 109349449A, discloses a pet dog cub formula: 5-15 parts of beef, 10-20 parts of corn, 5-10 parts of shrimp meal, 0.1-1 part of salt, 5-10 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of carrot, 15-25 parts of fruit, 1-3 parts of egg, 5-15 parts of sweet fennel, 5-10 parts of calendula, 5-10 parts of angelica root, 1-5 parts of cod liver oil, 2-5 parts of bone meal and 10-30 parts of water. Although the feed formulation has the efficacy of increasing the immunity and appetite of the pet dog pups, it is not well suited for the special period of weaning the dog pups and the feeding promoting efficacy is limited to a certain extent by the processing technology.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a pet dog cub weaning feed and a preparation method thereof, wherein the feed is used for a special period of weaning of the pet dog cub. The feed has simple preparation method and convenient feeding; comprehensive and balanced nutrition, good palatability and low cost; can improve the organism immunity of the pet dog cubs and relieve weaning stress; the feed has unique structure (the surface is sprayed with the phagostimulant), and can improve the phagostimulant effect.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the weaning feed for the pet dog cubs comprises the following components in percentage by weight: protein source (24% of fish meal, 1% of earthworm meal, 1% of silkworm chrysalis meal and 1% of freshwater mussel meal), 27% of fat (6.5% of fish oil and 1.5% of soybean lecithin), 8% of sugar source (26% of corn, 13% of rice and 6% of oat), 45% of amino acid premix 1%, vitamin premix 0.4%, mineral premix 0.5%, choline 0.15%, calcium biphosphate 1%, colostrum goat milk powder 0-6%, phagostimulant 3-9%, chinese herbal medicine extract 1%, potassium sorbate 0.002% and microcrystalline cellulose 1-13%.

(1) 27% of protein source, which is mainly provided by fish meal, earthworm meal, silkworm chrysalis meal and freshwater mussel meal. The fish meal, the earthworm meal and the silkworm chrysalis meal have high protein content, complete amino acid types, are rich in methionine and lysine, and have special fishy smell. Therefore, they can maintain the cellular structure, biological functions of hormones and enzymes, and promote digestion and absorption of food and promote food intake. The freshwater mussel powder is rich in various active factor components and minerals, and has the effect of improving immune function.

(2) Fat source 8%: the fat source is mainly provided by fish oil and soybean lecithin. The fish oil is rich in a large amount of unsaturated fatty acid, especially essential fatty acid and phospholipid, and vitamin A and vitamin D, and has the effects of providing energy, regulating blood lipid, promoting metabolism, improving fur appearance, improving palatability and apparent digestibility of feed, and the like. The soybean lecithin is rich in lecithin, cephalin and the like, is an important component of cell membranes, can provide choline and fatty acid for organisms, and has the effects of maintaining cell structures, preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and the like.

(3) Sugar source 45%: sugar sources are mainly provided by corn, rice and oats. Corn and rice can enhance the bulking effect of the feed and act as a feed binder. Oat is rich in soluble fiber, saponin and unsaturated fatty acid, and has effects of lowering blood pressure, reducing blood lipid, loosening bowel to relieve constipation, etc.

(4) 1% of amino acid premix, supplementing essential amino acid and promoting growth and development.

Amino acid premix: each 1 kg of vitamin premix contains 300g of lysine hydrochloride, 150g of methionine, 75g of glutamic acid and 475g of defatted rice bran.

(5) Vitamin premix 0.4%: supplementing vitamins to meet physiological requirements of growth, development, metabolism and the like.

Vitamin premix: each 1 kg of vitamin premix contains 1g of vitamin A, 6.5g of vitamin E and 5g of vitamin C, and defatted rice bran is used as a filler.

(6) Mineral premix 0.5%: supplementing minerals to meet physiological requirements of growth, development, metabolism, etc.

Mineral premix: each 1 kg of mineral premix contains 0.9g of copper sulfate monohydrate, 10g of ferrous sulfate, 7.5g of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 1.6g of cobalt chloride, 1g of selenium yeast, 4g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 515g of zeolite powder and 460g of talcum powder.

(7) Choline 0.15%: the choline is supplemented, the incidence of fat infiltration and fatty liver is reduced, and the liver health is maintained.

(8) 1% of monocalcium phosphate: supplementing phosphorus and calcium, maintaining proper calcium-phosphorus ratio, promoting bone growth and development and normal metabolism of lipid; meanwhile, the puffing effect of the feed cannot be improved.

(9) 0-6% of colostrum goat milk powder: the colostrum goat milk powder has similar nutrition components with the breast milk, and can further ensure that the pet dog cubs ingest comprehensive and balanced nutrition substances. The feed adopts a formula with the content of the colostrum and the goat milk powder being reduced, so that the pet dog cubs have sufficient remission period for weaning stress.

(10) Phagostimulant 3-9%: each 1 kg of phagostimulant contains 75g g g of yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 700 g g g of small peptide of pig intestinal membrane, 20g of sucrose fatty acid ester, 50g of tea meal, 45g of defatted rice bran and 110g of zeolite powder. The pig intestinal membrane small peptide has small molecular weight, is rich in phagostimulant peptide and antibacterial peptide, has special fishy smell, can phagostimulant, improves digestion utilization rate, reduces nutritional diarrhea, maintains intestinal health, promotes small intestine development and the like, and is an ideal phagostimulant for weaning period of pet dogs and pups. The yeast cell wall polysaccharide has the effect of improving the immunity of the organism. The sucrose fatty acid ester and the tea meal are favorable for uniformly embedding the zeolite powder into the chain structure of the small peptide and the yeast cell wall polysaccharide, so that the small peptide and the yeast cell wall polysaccharide form a network composite structure, and the zeolite powder has the characteristic of a porous structure, so that the adsorption of the phagostimulant on the surface of the feed can be accelerated to form a film. The film can improve palatability of feed and appetite of dog cubs.

(11) 1% of Chinese herbal medicine extract: each 1 kg of mineral premix contains 350g of radix isatidis, 350g of sweet wormwood herb and 300g of cyrtomium fortunei. The radix isatidis has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, inhibiting bacteria and the like; rhizoma Osmundae has effects of clearing heat, detoxicating, promoting blood circulation, and sterilizing; herba Artemisiae Annuae has effects of clearing heat and detoxicating, and treating malaria.

(12) Potassium sorbate 0.002%: has broad-spectrum antibacterial effect, and can be used as feed antiseptic.

(13) 1-13% of microcrystalline fiber. : the feed has increased viscosity and improved taste.

The processing technology comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparing freshwater mussel powder: and taking out the mussel meat and the mussel shell from the cultured mussel, and grinding the mussel meat and the mussel shell into powder after freeze drying treatment.

(2) Preparation of pig intestinal membrane small peptide: the method comprises the steps of sequentially cleaning fresh hair and intestine contents, scraping intestinal mucosa, squeezing to form slag, salting out and steaming, regulating the pH value (pH value=8.0) of the intestinal slag, splitting by alkaline hydrolysis protease and trypsin, and spray drying.

Small peptide properties: the source is single, and the quality is relatively stable; freeze drying, no damage to protein structure.

(3) The preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing radix Isatidis, rhizoma Osmundae and herba Artemisiae Annuae, soaking in water for 45 min, adding 1.5% sodium alginate and beta-cyclodextrin, leaching at 75deg.C for 3 times, filtering to remove residue to obtain extractive solution. Beta-cyclodextrin and sodium alginate in a ratio of 2:3, mixing with the feed liquid of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials according to the proportion of 1: 15.

Beta-cyclodextrin and sodium alginate efficacy: the special structure of the beta-cyclodextrin and the sodium alginate can increase the solubility of the active ingredients of the herbal medicine and can embed insoluble ingredients, thereby improving the extraction rate of the herbal medicine ingredients and reducing the waste of raw materials. In addition, the embedding of volatile and oxidizable Chinese herbal medicine active ingredients is helpful for improving the stability of the active ingredients, thereby increasing the efficacy of disease resistance and bacteria resistance.

(4) And (3) feed forming: except fish oil and phagostimulant, other feed raw material components are mixed and stirred uniformly, puffed under the high temperature, high pressure and high shearing action of a puffing machine, cut into puffed feed with the size of 1.0-1.2 cm and cooled.

(5) Surface coating: mixing the components of the phagostimulant, stirring into slurry, spraying the slurry onto the puffed feed to form a film, and air-drying. And then spraying the fish oil on the surface of the feed uniformly, air-drying and storing at low temperature.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The feed disclosed by the invention is comprehensive and balanced in nutrition; contains protein sources, vitamins, minerals, amino acids and the like which are necessary for the growth and development of the pet dog pups, meets the requirements of the pet dog pups on nutritional ingredients during the weaning period, and simultaneously contains Chinese herbal medicine extracts, so that the immunity performance, the digestion utilization rate and the growth and development of the dog pups can be improved.

(2) The feed provided by the invention has good palatability; the small peptide, the fish meal, the earthworm powder and the silkworm chrysalis powder in the feed contain special fishy smell, especially the small peptide, so that the appetite of the pet dog pups during weaning is improved, and the normal ingestion of the pet dog pups during weaning is ensured.

(3) The small peptide is prepared by adopting a freeze drying technology, and is added to the surface of the feed by a spraying method, so that the structural integrity of the small peptide is maintained, the digestion and utilization of the feed are improved, and the biological function of the small peptide is maintained.

(4) The feed disclosed by the invention is suitable for the requirements of the pet dog cubs in various periods such as pre-weaning period, weaning period and post-weaning period through adjusting the component content, and the damage of weaning stress to the pet dog cubs is reduced to the greatest extent.

Detailed Description

1. The invention provides a pet dog cub weaning feed which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

2.4 kg of a protein source prepared by mixing 2.4% of fish meal, 1% of earthworm meal, 1% of silkworm chrysalis meal and 1% of freshwater mussel meal;

a fat source 8 consisting of fish oil 6.5 and soybean lecithin 1.5;

sugar source 4.5 composed of corn 2.6, rice 1.3 and oat 0.6;

amino acid premix 1, vitamin premix 0.4, mineral premix 0.5, choline 0.15, monocalcium phosphate 1, colostrum goat milk powder 0-6, phagostimulant 3-9, chinese herbal medicine extract 1, potassium sorbate 0.002 and microcrystalline cellulose 1-13.

Among the above components:

Phagostimulant 3-9%: each 1 kg of phagostimulant contains 75g g g of yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 700 g g g of small peptide of pig intestinal membrane, 20g of sucrose fatty acid ester, 50g of tea meal, 45g of defatted rice bran and 110g of zeolite powder.

1% of Chinese herbal medicine extract: each 1 kg of mineral premix contains 350g of radix isatidis, 350g of sweet wormwood herb and 300g of cyrtomium fortunei.

2. The invention provides a preparation method of a pet dog cub weaning feed, which comprises the following steps:

Experimental example 1: the weaning feed for the pet dog cubs comprises the following components in percentage by weight: protein source (24% of fish meal, 1% of earthworm meal, 1% of silkworm chrysalis meal and 1% of freshwater mussel meal), 27% of fat source (6.5% of fish oil and 1.5% of soybean lecithin), 8% of sugar source (26% of corn, 13% of rice and 6% of oat), 45% of amino acid premix 1%, 0.4% of vitamin premix, 0.5% of mineral premix, 0.15% of choline, 1% of monocalcium phosphate, 6% of colostrum goat milk powder, 9% of phagostimulant, 1% of Chinese herbal medicine extract, 0.002% of potassium sorbate and 1% of microcrystalline cellulose.

The feed is suitable for pet dog cubs more than 5 days before weaning.

Experimental example 2: the weaning feed for the pet dog cubs comprises the following components in percentage by weight: protein source (24% of fish meal, 1% of earthworm meal, 1% of silkworm chrysalis meal and 1% of freshwater mussel meal), 27% of fat (6.5% of fish oil and 1.5% of soybean lecithin), 8% of sugar (26% of corn, 13% of rice and 6% of oat), 45% of amino acid premix 1%, 0.4% of vitamin premix, 0.5% of mineral premix, 0.15% of choline, 1% of monocalcium phosphate, 3% of colostrum goat milk powder, 3-9% of phagostimulant, 1% of Chinese herbal medicine extract, 0.002% of potassium sorbate and 7% of microcrystalline cellulose.

The feed is suitable for pet dog cubs more than 5 days after weaning.

Experimental example 3: the weaning feed for the pet dog cubs comprises the following components in percentage by weight: protein source (24% of fish meal, 1% of earthworm meal, 1% of silkworm chrysalis meal and 1% of freshwater mussel meal), 27% of fat source (6.5% of fish oil and 1.5% of soybean lecithin), 45% of sugar source (26% of corn, 13% of rice and 6% of oat), 1% of amino acid premix, 0.4% of vitamin premix, 0.5% of mineral premix, 0.15% of choline, 1% of monocalcium phosphate, 3-9% of phagostimulant, 1% of Chinese herbal medicine extract, 0.002% of potassium sorbate and 13% of microcrystalline cellulose.

The feed is suitable for pet dog cubs more than 10 days after weaning.

Comparative example 1:

the process of extracting the Chinese herbal medicine does not use beta-cyclodextrin and sodium alginate, and other steps are completely consistent with those of the example 1, the example 2 or the example 3.

Comparative example 2: sucrose fatty acid ester and tea seed cake were not used in the phagostimulant, and the other steps were identical to those of experimental example 1, experimental example 2 or example 3.

Comparative example 3: feeding commercial puppy feed of a certain brand. The main raw materials comprise: chicken powder, duck powder, beef bone meal, chicken oil, brown rice, corn, wheat, yolk powder, spinach powder, beet pulp, chicken hydrolysate, pet food compound seasoning, chrysanthemum and the like. The feeding strategy is completely identical with that of experimental example 1, experimental example 2 or experimental example 3.

Table of nutrient composition of commercial puppy feed of certain brand

Feeding experiment 1

Healthy and equal-sized Welsh Ke Jiyou cub 12 tails are selected and divided into four groups, and 3 tails are grouped. Experimental example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 were fed 1-5 days before weaning, respectively. After 5 days of feeding experiments, the fur was observed, the body weight was measured, and the stress index (malondialdehyde) and the immunity index (alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme) were measured by blood drawing.

Feeding experiment 2

Experimental example 2, comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 were fed on days 1-5 after weaning, respectively. After 5 days of feeding experiments, the fur was observed, the body weight was measured, and the stress index (malondialdehyde) and the immunity index (alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme) were measured by blood drawing.

Feeding experiment 3

Experimental example 3, comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 were fed on days 6-10 after weaning, respectively. After 5 days of feeding experiments, the fur was observed, the body weight was measured, and the stress index (malondialdehyde) and the immunity index (alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme) were measured by blood drawing.

TABLE 1 growth and physiological index variation of Ke Jiyou cub in feeding experiment 1

TABLE 2 feeding experiment 2 Ke Jiyou Condition of growth and physiological index variation

TABLE 3 feeding experiment 3 Ke Jiyou Condition of growth and physiological index variation

As can be seen from tables 1-3, the feed of the present invention can improve the hair growth of Ke Jiyou cubs, increase the feed intake, feed conversion rate, the activities of alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme, and decrease the malondialdehyde content, compared with comparative example 3 (a commercial puppy feed of a certain brand), indicating that the feed of the present invention can improve the growth and development, appetite and immunity of Ke Jiyou cubs, thereby reducing weaning stress injury. Compared with experimental examples 1-3, the feed of comparative example 1 has the advantages that the content of malondialdehyde of Ke Jiyou cub is increased, the activities of alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme of Ke Jiyou cub are reduced, and the activities of Chinese herbal medicine components are enhanced by sodium alginate and beta-cyclodextrin, so that the immune function of a Ke Jiyou cub organism is improved. Compared with experimental examples 1-3, the feed of comparative example 2 has the advantages that the malondialdehyde content of Ke Jiyou cubs is improved, the ingestion amount of Ke Jiyou cubs, the feed conversion rate, the alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme activities are reduced, and the sucrose fatty acid ester and tea seed meal are indicated to be helpful for forming films on the surface of the feed by the phagostimulant, and the efficacy of the phagostimulant is enhanced, so that the appetite, the immunity and the growth and development of Ke Jiyou cubs are improved.

Claims

1. The weaning feed for the pet dog cubs is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: protein source (24% of fish meal, 1% of earthworm meal, 1% of silkworm chrysalis meal and 1% of freshwater mussel meal), 27% of fat (6.5% of fish oil and 1.5% of soybean lecithin), 8% of sugar source (26% of corn, 13% of rice and 6% of oat), 45% of amino acid premix 1%, vitamin premix 0.4%, mineral premix 0.5%, choline 0.15%, calcium biphosphate 1%, colostrum goat milk powder 0-6%, phagostimulant 3-9%, chinese herbal medicine extract 1%, potassium sorbate 0.002% and microcrystalline cellulose 1-13%.

2. The pet dog cub weaning feed of claim 1, wherein the protein source is mainly composed of 24% of fish meal, 1% of earthworm meal, 1% of silkworm chrysalis meal and 1% of freshwater mussel meal in percentage by weight.

3. The pet dog cub weaning feed of claim 1, wherein the fat source is 8% and consists essentially of 6.5% by weight of fish oil and 1.5% by weight of soybean lecithin.

4. The pet dog pup weaning feed of claim 1 wherein said sugar source consists essentially of, by weight, 26% corn, 13% rice and 6% oat.

5. The pet dog cub weaning feed of claim 1, wherein the amino acid premix comprises 300g lysine hydrochloride, 150g methionine, 75g glutamic acid and 475g defatted rice bran per 1 kg vitamin premix.

6. The pet dog cub weaning feed of claim 1, wherein each 1 kg of vitamin premix contains 1g of vitamin A, 6.5g of vitamin E and 5g of vitamin C, and defatted rice bran as a filling material.

7. The pet dog cub weaning feed of claim 1, wherein each 1 kg of mineral premix comprises 0.9g of cupric sulfate monohydrate, 10g of ferrous sulfate, 7.5g of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 1.6g of cobalt chloride, 1g of selenium yeast, 4g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 515g of zeolite powder and 460g of talcum powder.

8. The pet dog cub weaning feed of claim 1, wherein each 1 kg of the phagostimulant comprises 75-g parts of yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 700-g parts of pig intestinal membrane small peptide, 20g of sucrose fatty acid ester, 50g of tea meal, 45g of defatted rice bran and 110g of zeolite powder.

9. The pet dog cub weaning feed of claim 1, wherein each 1 kg of mineral premix of the Chinese herbal medicine extract contains 350g of isatis root, 350g of sweet wormwood and 300g of cyrtomium fortunei.

10. A method of preparing a pet dog pup weaning feed according to claims 1-9 comprising the steps of:

(1) Preparing freshwater mussel powder: taking out Carnis Anodonta Seu Crislaria and Concha Ostreae from cultured freshwater mussel, lyophilizing, and grinding into powder;

(2) Preparation of pig intestinal membrane small peptide: sequentially cleaning fresh hair and intestine contents, scraping intestinal mucosa, squeezing to form slag, salting out, stewing, regulating pH value (pH value=8.0), splitting by alkaline hydrolysis protease and trypsin, and spray drying;

(3) The preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing radix Isatidis, rhizoma Osmundae and herba Artemisiae Annuae, soaking in water for 45 min, adding 1.5% sodium alginate and beta-cyclodextrin, leaching at 75deg.C for 3 times, filtering to remove residue to obtain extractive solution, mixing beta-cyclodextrin and sodium alginate with the concentration of 2:3, mixing with the feed liquid of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials according to the proportion of 1:15, mixing in proportion;

(4) And (3) feed forming: mixing other feed raw material components except fish oil and phagostimulant, stirring uniformly, puffing under the action of high temperature, high pressure and high shear of a puffing machine, cutting into puffed feed with the size of 1.0-1.2 cm, and cooling;