CN116984641A - Positioning tool and turning method of workpiece - Google Patents
Positioning tool and turning method of workpiece Download PDFInfo
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- CN116984641A CN116984641A CN202311215406.7A CN202311215406A CN116984641A CN 116984641 A CN116984641 A CN 116984641A CN 202311215406 A CN202311215406 A CN 202311215406A CN 116984641 A CN116984641 A CN 116984641A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 206010066054 Dysmorphism Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B25/00—Accessories or auxiliary equipment for turning-machines
- B23B25/06—Measuring, gauging, or adjusting equipment on turning-machines for setting-on, feeding, controlling, or monitoring the cutting tools or work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B1/00—Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
Abstract
The invention relates to a positioning tool and a turning method of a workpiece. The outer side of the first end of the lower positioning assembly includes a plurality of first positioning surfaces. The second end of the lower positioning assembly is mounted on the base. The upper positioning assembly comprises an upper positioning block and a first bearing. In the first direction, the first end of the upper locating block is connected to the base, and the end face of the second end of the upper locating block faces the end face of the first end of the lower locating component. The end face of the second end of the upper positioning block can reciprocate along a first direction relative to the lower positioning assembly, and the end face of the second end of the upper positioning block is used for being abutted with the top face of the workpiece. The position adjusting assembly is mounted on the base. Through set up on lower locating component with work piece bottom surface shape, size and the first dysmorphism face of position adaptation, make location frock can fix a position the work piece that has the dysmorphism face to the location effect is better.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tool fixtures, in particular to a positioning tool and a turning method of a workpiece.
Background
Along with the improvement of mechanical design capability and requirements on mechanical properties of products, special-shaped workpiece products on the market are gradually increased, and the productivity requirements for special-shaped workpieces are gradually improved. For example, a universal joint for transmission in an automobile is required to bear larger torque, and due to the improvement of the output power of an engine and the development demands of the automobile as a whole for light weight, miniaturization and high integration, the increasingly stringent design demands cannot be satisfied only by adjusting the material composition and improving the heat treatment process, so that the miniaturization and light weight of the universal joint bearing are realized by adopting more reasonable mechanical structure design in recent years. At the same time, however, the complex mechanics make the joint parts increasingly prone to profiling. In order to save the cost, rough machining blanks are required to be prepared in the production process of the special-shaped universal joint bearings through casting, forging and other modes, and then finish machining such as milling, turning and the like is required to be performed on the rough machining blanks, and in the finish machining process, technicians are required to align the rough machining blanks or position and process the rough machining blanks by utilizing a precise machine tool and a high-precision probe, so that the special-shaped universal joint bearings have the defects of difficult mass production and high production cost.
In the prior art, the clamping and positioning of the rough machining blank is mainly realized by designing a fixture for the plane or the regular cylindrical surface of the blank, and the workpiece can be clamped by manually clamping and fixing the plurality of regular positioning surfaces or designing a self-positioning fixture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a positioning tool and a turning method of a workpiece, and aims to solve the problem that the existing workpiece with a special-shaped surface is easy to have low yield during turning.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a positioning tool, comprising: the positioning tool is used for positioning the turning of the workpiece. The positioning tool comprises a base, a position adjusting assembly, an upper positioning assembly and a lower positioning assembly. The base is mounted on the lathe and can rotate along a first axis relative to a turning tool of the lathe.
In a first direction perpendicular to the first axis, the end face of the first end of the lower positioning assembly is provided with a first special-shaped face which is matched with the bottom face of the workpiece in shape, size and position. The outer side of the first end of the lower positioning assembly includes a plurality of first positioning surfaces. The second end of the lower positioning assembly is mounted on the base for rotation relative to the base along a second axis parallel to the first direction.
The upper positioning assembly comprises an upper positioning block and a first bearing. In the first direction, the first end of the upper locating block is connected to the base, and the end face of the second end of the upper locating block faces the end face of the first end of the lower locating component. The outer side surface of the upper positioning block is connected with the inner ring of the first bearing, and the outer ring of the first bearing is connected with the base. The end face of the second end of the upper positioning block can reciprocate along a first direction relative to the lower positioning assembly, and the end face of the second end of the upper positioning block is used for being abutted with the top face of the workpiece.
The position adjusting assembly is arranged on the base and used for limiting the movement of the lower positioning assembly relative to the base after the lower positioning assembly is pushed to rotate to a first preset position along a second axis relative to the base by at least one first positioning surface.
In some embodiments, the lower positioning assembly includes a first positioning member and a second positioning member. The end face of the first end of the first positioning piece is provided with a first special-shaped face along the first direction, and the second end of the first positioning piece is detachably connected with the first end of the second positioning piece. The outer side surface of the first end of the first positioning piece comprises a plurality of first positioning surfaces, and the second end of the second positioning piece is arranged on the base. The second positioning piece can drive the first positioning piece to rotate along a second axis relative to the base.
In some embodiments, the first end of the second positioning member is provided with a limiting groove. At least part of the second end of the first positioning piece is embedded in the limiting groove, and the limiting groove is used for limiting the first positioning piece to rotate relative to the second positioning piece.
In some embodiments, a first positioning hole with a cylindrical hole wall is formed in the middle of the second positioning piece, an opening of the first positioning hole is located on the bottom wall of the limiting groove, and the axis of the first positioning hole is a second axis.
The second end of the first positioning piece is provided with a first limiting part and a second limiting part which are connected, and the first limiting part is embedded in the limiting groove. The second limiting part is embedded in the first positioning hole, and the cylindrical outer side surface of the second limiting part is in transition fit with the hole wall of the first positioning hole.
In some embodiments, the limiting groove includes a first groove wall and a second groove wall parallel to each other, and the first groove wall and the second groove wall are both planar.
The lateral surface of the first limiting part comprises a first arc surface, a first plane, a second arc surface and a second plane which are sequentially arranged, wherein the axes and the radiuses of the first arc surface and the second arc surface are the same, the first plane and the second plane are parallel to each other, the first plane is in transition fit with the first groove wall, and the second plane is in transition fit with the second groove wall.
In some embodiments, the positioning fixture further comprises a connector.
The middle part of second setting element is equipped with the first locating hole that extends along first direction, and the opening in first locating hole is located the diapire in spacing groove.
The second end of the first positioning piece is provided with a second positioning hole extending along the first direction.
The connecting piece is used for penetrating through the first positioning hole and forming detachable connection with the hole wall of the second positioning hole.
In some embodiments, the second positioning member is provided with a fourth positioning hole and a fifth positioning hole extending in the first direction at a middle portion thereof. The first positioning hole, the fourth positioning hole and the fifth positioning hole are communicated, and the fourth positioning hole is positioned between the first positioning hole and the fifth positioning hole.
The hole walls of the fourth positioning hole and the fifth positioning hole are cylindrical, and the axes of the fourth positioning hole and the fifth positioning hole are second axes. The radius of the cross section of the fourth locating hole is smaller than the radius of the cross section of the first locating hole and the radius of the cross section of the fifth locating hole.
In some embodiments, the upper locating block includes a main body portion and a movable portion. In the first direction, the first end of the main body part is connected to the base, and the end face of the second end of the movable part faces to the end face of the first end of the lower positioning assembly. The second end of the main body part is detachably connected with the first end of the movable part, and the movable part can reciprocate along a first direction relative to the main body part.
In some embodiments, a third positioning hole is formed in the second end of the main body part, the opening faces to the end face of the first end of the lower positioning assembly, the third positioning hole is a threaded hole, and the axis of the third positioning hole coincides with the second axis. The first end of the movable portion has a threaded section that is shaped and sized to fit the third locating hole.
In some embodiments, the position adjustment assembly includes a positioner and an angle adjuster. Wherein, the first end of locator and the first end of angle adjuster are all fixed mounting on the base.
The second end of the angle adjuster is movably connected with the first end of the angle adjuster, and the second end of the angle adjuster can move towards or away from the lower positioning assembly relative to the first end of the angle adjuster. The second end of the angle adjuster has a first position adjustment surface. When the second end of the angle adjuster moves towards the lower positioning assembly, the first position adjusting surface is abutted with one first positioning surface so as to drive the first positioning surface to move to a second preset position.
The second end of the positioner is movably connected with the first end of the positioner, and the second end of the positioner can move towards or away from the lower positioning assembly relative to the first end of the positioner. The second end of the first positioner is provided with a second position adjusting surface. When the second end of the positioner moves towards the lower positioning assembly, the second position adjusting surface is abutted with one first positioning surface so as to drive the first positioning surface to move from a second preset position to a first preset position.
In some embodiments, the first positioning surface and the second position adjustment surface are both planar.
In some embodiments, the distance between the end face of the second end of the upper locating block and the first profiled surface and the position of the workpiece to be turned is greater than or equal to 0.5 millimeters when the workpiece is sandwiched between the end face of the second end of the upper locating block and the first profiled surface.
In some embodiments, the upper positioning assembly further comprises a second bearing, the outer side of the upper positioning block being connected to the inner ring of the second bearing, the outer ring of the second bearing being connected to the base. The first bearing is a planar ball bearing, and the second bearing is a needle bearing.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a turning method for a workpiece, and the workpiece is turned by using any one of the positioning tools, wherein the bottom surface of the workpiece is provided with a second special-shaped surface.
The method comprises the following steps: and placing the workpiece on the first end of the lower positioning assembly, and enabling the second special-shaped surface to be attached to the first special-shaped surface.
The position of the end face of the second end of the upper positioning block is adjusted along the first direction so that the end face of the second end of the upper positioning block is abutted with the top face of the workpiece.
The position adjusting assembly pushes the lower positioning assembly and the workpiece to rotate to a first preset position along a second axis relative to the base through at least one first positioning surface, and limits the movement of the lower positioning assembly relative to the base.
And moving the turning tool to the working position.
The control base drives the upper positioning assembly, the lower positioning assembly, the position adjusting assembly and the workpiece to rotate along a first axis relative to a turning tool of the lathe, so that the turning tool performs turning on the workpiece.
The location frock that this embodiment discloses includes base, position adjustment subassembly, goes up locating component and locating component down, and the base is installed on the lathe, can rotate along the first axis for the lathe tool of lathe. In a first direction perpendicular to the first axis, the end face of the first end of the lower positioning assembly is provided with a first special-shaped face which is matched with the bottom face of the workpiece in shape, size and position. The outer side of the first end of the lower positioning assembly includes a plurality of first positioning surfaces. The second end of the lower positioning assembly is mounted on the base for rotation relative to the base along a second axis parallel to the first direction. The upper positioning assembly comprises an upper positioning block and a first bearing. In the first direction, the first end of the upper locating block is connected to the base, and the end face of the second end of the upper locating block faces the end face of the first end of the lower locating component. The outer side surface of the upper positioning block is connected with the inner ring of the first bearing, and the outer ring of the first bearing is connected with the base. The end face of the second end of the upper positioning block can reciprocate along a first direction relative to the lower positioning assembly, and the end face of the second end of the upper positioning block is used for being abutted with the top face of the workpiece. The position adjusting assembly is arranged on the base and used for limiting the movement of the lower positioning assembly relative to the base after the lower positioning assembly is pushed to rotate to a first preset position along a second axis relative to the base by at least one first positioning surface. Through set up on lower locating component with work piece bottom surface shape, size and the first dysmorphism face of position adaptation, make location frock can fix a position the work piece that has the dysmorphism face to the location effect is better. Through setting up a plurality of first locating surfaces on lower locating component, rotate and the location is carried out for the lathe tool to lower locating component along the second axis through position adjustment subassembly, can realize once loading card alright carry out turning to a plurality of axis body portions of work piece.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a positioning tool and a workpiece in an assembled state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an upper locating block provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates a front view of a first positioning member provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a first positioning member and a workpiece in an assembled state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a top view of a first positioning member provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a first stop member according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a second positioning member at a first angle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a second positioning member at a second angle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 shows a top view of a second positioning member provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a top view of a workpiece adapted for use with a positioning tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a workpiece adapted for use with a positioning tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic view showing a first working state of a positioning tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a second working state of the positioning tool according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 14 is a schematic view showing a third working state of the positioning tool according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 15 shows a flow chart of a turning method for a workpiece according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 01-a workpiece; 11-a base portion; 12-a shaft body; 21-an upper positioning assembly; 211-upper positioning blocks; 2111-a body portion; 21111-third positioning holes; 22-a lower positioning assembly; 221-a first positioning member; 2211-a first profiled surface; 2212—a first limit portion; 22121-a first arc surface; 22122-first plane; 22123-second arc surface; 22124-second plane; 2213—a second limiting part; 2214-a second positioning hole; 2215—a first positioning surface; 222-a second positioning member; 2221-limit groove; 22211—first slot wall; 22212-second slot wall; 22213-bottom wall; 2222-first positioning hole; 2223-fourth locating hole; 2224-fifth locating hole; 23-a position adjustment assembly; 231-locator; 2311-a second position-adjustment surface; 232-an angle adjuster; 2321—a first position adjustment surface; b-a first axis; a-a second axis; x-first direction.
Detailed Description
The disclosure will now be discussed with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to better understand and thus practice the present disclosure, and are not meant to imply any limitation on the scope of the present disclosure.
As used herein, the term "comprising" and variants thereof are to be interpreted as meaning "including but not limited to" open-ended terms. The term "based on" is to be interpreted as "based at least in part on". The terms "one embodiment" and "an embodiment" are to be interpreted as "at least one embodiment. The term "another embodiment" is to be interpreted as "at least one other embodiment".
As used herein, the term "comprising" and variants thereof are to be interpreted as meaning "including but not limited to" open-ended terms. The term "based on" is to be interpreted as "based at least in part on". The terms "one embodiment" and "an embodiment" are to be interpreted as "at least one embodiment. The term "another embodiment" is to be interpreted as "at least one other embodiment".
In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal" and the like indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings. These terms are only used to better describe the present application and its embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the indicated devices, elements or components to the particular orientations or to configure and operate in the particular orientations.
Also, some of the terms described above may be used to indicate other meanings in addition to orientation or positional relationships, for example, the term "upper" may also be used to indicate some sort of attachment or connection in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in the present application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "configured," "provided," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or a unitary construction. May be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection. May be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements, or components. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used primarily to distinguish between different devices, elements, or components (the particular species and configurations may be the same or different), and are not used to indicate or imply the relative importance and number of devices, elements, or components indicated. Unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, example one discloses a positioning tool for positioning turning of a workpiece 01, the positioning tool including a base (not shown), a position adjusting assembly 23, an upper positioning assembly 21, and a lower positioning assembly 22. The base is mounted on a lathe (not shown) and is rotatable about a first axis B relative to a turning tool (not shown) of the lathe.
In a first direction X perpendicular to the first axis B, an end face of the first end of the lower positioning assembly 22 is provided with a first profiled surface 2211 adapted to the shape, size and position of the bottom face of the workpiece 01. The outer side of the first end of the lower positioning assembly 22 includes a plurality of first positioning surfaces 2215. The second end of the lower positioning assembly 22 is mounted on the base for rotation relative thereto along a second axis a parallel to the first direction X.
The upper positioning assembly 21 includes an upper positioning block 211 and a first bearing (not shown). In the first direction X, the first end of the upper positioning block 211 is connected to the base, and the end face of the second end of the upper positioning block 211 faces the end face of the first end of the lower positioning assembly 22. The outer side surface of the upper positioning block 211 is connected with the inner ring of the first bearing, and the outer ring of the first bearing is connected with the base. An end surface of the second end of the upper positioning block 211 is reciprocally movable in the first direction X relative to the lower positioning assembly 22, and the end surface of the second end of the upper positioning block 211 is configured to abut against the top surface of the workpiece 01.
The position adjusting assembly 23 is mounted on the base, and is configured to limit the movement of the lower positioning assembly 22 relative to the base after the lower positioning assembly 22 is pushed to rotate relative to the base along the second axis a to a first preset position by at least one first positioning surface 2215.
In the present embodiment, the specific shape and size of the workpiece 01 are not limited, and referring to fig. 10 and 11, taking a universal joint cross as an example, the workpiece 01 includes a base portion 11 and shaft portions 12, wherein the number of the shaft portions 12 is plural, and the shaft portions 12 are uniformly arranged around the outer side wall surface of the base portion 11, and the axes of all the shaft portions 12 are compared with the same point. At the connection position of the base portion 11 and each shaft body portion 12, a second shaped surface (not shown) is provided on the bottom surface of the base portion 11. In addition, the top surface of the base portion 11 may further include a third shaped surface (not shown), and the second shaped surface and the third shaped surface may be the same or different in shape and size.
In this embodiment, the base is used for installing other parts of the positioning tool and is movably connected with the lathe, and when the workpiece 01 is installed on the positioning tool, the base can drive the workpiece 01 to rotate relative to the lathe tool of the lathe so as to realize turning.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the lower positioning assembly 22 and the upper positioning assembly 21 are used to jointly clamp the workpiece 01 from two opposite directions, wherein the first shaped surface 2211 is located at the first end of the lower positioning assembly 22 and matches the shape, size and position of the second shaped surface on the bottom surface of the base body 11 of the workpiece 01. The specific shape, size and arrangement position of the first special-shaped surface 2211 are not limited, and the corresponding design can be performed according to practical application requirements. The second end of the lower positioning assembly 22 is provided with a plurality of first positioning surfaces 2215, and the plurality of first positioning surfaces 2215 are used for being matched with the position adjustment assembly 23 so as to jointly adjust the position of the lower positioning assembly 22 relative to the base.
In the present embodiment, the upper positioning assembly 21 includes at least an upper positioning block 211 and a first bearing, wherein the positioning block 211 is mounted on a base, and an end face of a second end of the upper positioning block 211 faces an end face of a first end of the lower positioning assembly 22, so that the end face of the second end of the upper positioning block 211 and the end face of the first end of the lower positioning assembly 22 can clamp the top and bottom surfaces of the workpiece 01 together from opposite two directions.
In addition, by arranging the first bearing, the stability of the whole structure is better when the upper positioning block 211 rotates along the second axis A relative to the base.
In the present embodiment, the position adjusting assembly 23 is configured to drive the lower positioning assembly 22 to rotate along the second axis a relative to the base, and limit the lower positioning assembly 22 to move relative to the base after rotating to the first preset position. When the workpiece 01 is mounted on the positioning tool, the lower positioning assembly 22 can drive the workpiece 01 and the upper positioning block 211 to rotate along the second axis A relative to the base, so that turning tools on the lathe can perform turning on different positions of the workpiece 01.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the lower positioning assembly 22 includes a first positioning member 221 and a second positioning member 222. Wherein, along the first direction X, the end surface of the first end of the first positioning member 221 is provided with a first special-shaped surface 2211, and the second end of the first positioning member 221 is detachably connected with the first end of the second positioning member 222. The outer side of the first end of the first positioning member 221 includes a plurality of first positioning surfaces 2215, and the second end of the second positioning member 222 is mounted on the base. The second positioning element 222 can drive the first positioning element 221 to rotate along the second axis a relative to the base.
In the present embodiment, in practical use, the shape and size of the first positioning member 221 are determined according to the shape and size of the workpiece 01 to be positioned. Wherein, along the first direction X, the first profiled surface 2211 at one end of the first positioning element 221 matches with the second profiled surface of the bottom surface of the base body portion 11 of the workpiece 01. The other end of the first positioning member 221 is detachably connected to the second positioning member 222.
In the present embodiment, the second positioning member 222 is used to connect the first positioning member 221 with the base. Because the first positioning piece 221 and the second positioning piece 222 are detachably connected, in practical application, the first positioning piece 221 which is matched with the workpiece 01 can be designed according to the shape and the size of the workpiece 01, and when workpieces 01 with different shapes and sizes are required to be processed, only the first positioning piece 221 needs to be replaced; and when the first positioning piece 221 is damaged, only the first positioning piece 221 with the same shape and size needs to be replaced.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 9, a limiting groove 2221 is provided on the first end of the second positioning element 222. At least a portion of the second end of the first positioning member 221 is embedded in the limiting groove 2221, and the limiting groove 2221 is used for limiting the first positioning member 221 to rotate relative to the second positioning member 222.
In the present embodiment, by providing the limiting groove 2221 on the second positioning member 222 and embedding the second end portion of the first positioning member 221 in the limiting groove 2221, the specific shape and size of the limiting groove 2221 are not limited, but the first positioning member 221 and the second positioning member 222 may be limited to rotate.
In some embodiments, to simplify the overall complexity of the structure, it may be preferable that the limiting groove 2221 not only limits rotation of the first positioning member 221 relative to the second positioning member 222 along an axis parallel to the first direction X, but also limits movement of the first positioning member 221 relative to the second positioning member 222 along a plane perpendicular to the first direction X. For example, when the cross section of the slot body of the limit slot 2221 and the cross section of the second end of the first positioning member 221 are square and hexagonal, the limit slot 2221 may not only limit the rotation of the first positioning member 221 relative to the second positioning member 222 along the axis parallel to the first direction X, but also limit the movement of the first positioning member 221 relative to the second positioning member 222 along the plane perpendicular to the first direction X.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, a first positioning hole 2222 with a cylindrical hole wall is provided in the middle of the second positioning piece 222, an opening of the first positioning hole 2222 is located on the bottom wall 22213 of the limiting slot 2221, and an axis of the first positioning hole 2222 is the second axis a.
The second end of the first positioning member 221 has a first limiting portion 2212 and a second limiting portion 2213 connected to each other, and the first limiting portion 2212 is embedded in the limiting groove 2221. The second limiting portion 2213 is embedded in the first positioning hole 2222, and a cylindrical outer side surface of the second limiting portion 2213 is in transition fit with a hole wall of the first positioning hole 2222.
In the present embodiment, the cylindrical first positioning hole 2222 is used to achieve centering of the first positioning member 221 and the second positioning member 222. The axes of the first positioning piece 221 and the second positioning piece 222 are overlapped through the cooperation between the first limiting part 2212 positioned at the second end of the first positioning piece 221 and the limiting groove 2221 of the second positioning piece 222 and the cooperation between the second limiting part 2213 positioned at the second end of the first positioning piece 221 and the first positioning hole 2222 of the second positioning piece 222, and the relative position between the first positioning piece 221 and the second positioning piece 222 is fixed. The mode that the circular first positioning hole 2222 and the limiting groove 2221 are combined is selected, compared with the mode that the special-shaped limiting groove 2221 with the self-centering effect is formed by a cube, a regular hexagon and the like, the machining mode is simpler, and the machining cost of the first positioning piece 221 and the second positioning piece 222 can be reduced.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 6 and 9, the limit groove 2221 includes a first groove wall 22211 and a second groove wall 22212 that are parallel to each other, and the first groove wall 22211 and the second groove wall 22212 are both planar.
The outer side surface of the first limiting portion 2212 includes a first arc surface 22121, a first plane 22122, a second arc surface 22123 and a second plane 22124 which are sequentially arranged, wherein axes and radiuses of the first arc surface 22121 and the second arc surface 22123 are the same, the first plane 22122 and the second plane 22124 are parallel to each other, the first plane 22122 is in transition fit with the first groove wall 22211, and the second plane 22124 is in transition fit with the second groove wall 22212.
In this embodiment, two opposite side walls of the limiting groove 2221 are set to be parallel to each other, and the side walls of the first limiting portion 2212 are set to be a combination of an arc surface and a plane, when in installation, the first plane 22122 is in transition fit with the first groove wall 22211, and the second plane 22124 is in transition fit with the second groove wall 22212, so that the first limiting portion 2212 and the limiting groove 2221 are convenient to process while ensuring good fixing effect, and the production and processing costs of the positioning tool are reduced.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the positioning tool further includes a connecting member (not shown), and the second end of the first positioning member 221 has a second positioning hole 2214 extending along the first direction X. The connecting piece is used for penetrating through the first positioning hole 2222 and forming detachable connection with the hole wall of the second positioning hole 2214.
In this embodiment, the connecting piece is used to fix the first positioning piece 221 and the second positioning piece 222 through the second positioning hole 2214 and the first positioning hole 2222, so that the first positioning piece 221 and the second positioning piece 222 are fixedly connected together, and the phenomenon that the workpiece 01 and/or the first positioning piece 221 slide or even fall down during the turning process of the workpiece 01 is avoided. The specific shape and size of the connecting piece are not limited, and the first positioning piece 221 and the second positioning piece 222 can be fixedly connected.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, a center portion of the second positioning member 222 is provided with a fourth positioning hole 2223 and a fifth positioning hole 2224 extending in the first direction X. The first positioning hole 2222, the fourth positioning hole 2223, and the fifth positioning hole 2224 communicate, and the fourth positioning hole 2223 is located between the first positioning hole 2222 and the fifth positioning hole 2224.
The hole walls of the fourth positioning hole 2223 and the fifth positioning hole 2224 are both cylindrical, and the axes of the fourth positioning hole 2223 and the fifth positioning hole 2224 are both the second axis a. The radius of the cross section of the fourth positioning hole 2223 is smaller than the radius of the cross section of the first positioning hole 2222 and the radius of the cross section of the fifth positioning hole 2224.
In this embodiment, the fourth positioning hole 2223 is used for the connecting piece to pass through, and by providing the fourth positioning hole 2223 with a smaller aperture, the structural strength of the second positioning piece 222 can not be reduced more while the fixing effect of the first positioning piece 221 and the second positioning piece 222 is ensured.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, upper locating block 211 includes a main body portion 2111 and a movable portion (not shown). In the first direction X, the first end of the main body portion 2111 is attached to the base, and the end face of the second end of the movable portion faces the end face of the first end of the lower positioning assembly 22. The second end of the body portion 2111 is detachably connected to the first end of the movable portion, and the movable portion is reciprocable relative to the body portion 2111 in a first direction X.
In the present embodiment, since the movable portion is movably connected to the main body portion 2111, the overall length of the upper positioning assembly 21 along the first direction X can be adjusted when the movable portion moves relative to the main body portion 2111. By the movement of the movable portion with respect to the main body portion 2111 in the first direction X, the end face of the movable portion can be made to approach or separate from the workpiece 01. When the end face of the movable part abuts against the top face of the workpiece 01, the workpiece 01 can be positioned together with the lower positioning assembly 22.
Because the movable part is detachably connected with the main body part 2111, in practical application, the movable part which is matched with the workpiece 01 can be designed according to the shape and the size of the workpiece 01, and when workpieces 01 with different shapes and sizes are required to be processed, only the movable part needs to be replaced; and when the movable part is damaged, only the movable part with the same shape and size is required to be replaced.
In addition, the connection mode between the movable portion and the main body portion 2111 is not limited, and can be reasonably selected according to actual application requirements. For example, the two can be connected through screw connection, sliding block and sliding rail connection and linear cylinder connection.
In some embodiments, a third positioning hole 21111 is provided on the second end of the body portion 2111 that opens toward the first end face of the lower positioning assembly 22, the third positioning hole 21111 is a threaded hole, and the axis of the third positioning hole 21111 coincides with the second axis a. The first end of the movable portion has a threaded section that is shaped and sized to fit into the third positioning hole 21111.
In this embodiment, compared with other movable connection modes, the mode of setting the third positioning and the movable portion to be in threaded connection is simpler, and the centering effect can be improved while the assembly is convenient.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 12-14, the position adjustment assembly 23 includes a locator 231 and an angle adjuster 232. Wherein, the first end of the positioner 231 and the first end of the angle adjuster 232 are fixedly mounted on the base.
The second end of the angle adjuster 232 is movably coupled to the first end of the angle adjuster 232, and the second end of the angle adjuster 232 is movable toward and away from the lower positioning assembly 22 relative to the first end of the angle adjuster 232. The second end of the angle adjuster 232 has a first position adjustment surface 2321. When the second end of the angle adjuster 232 moves toward the lower positioning assembly 22, the first position adjusting surface 2321 abuts against one of the first positioning surfaces 2215, so as to drive the first positioning surface 2215 to move to the second preset position.
The second end of the retainer 231 is movably coupled to the first end of the retainer 231, and the second end of the retainer 231 is movable relative to the first end of the retainer 231 toward and away from the lower positioning assembly 22. A second position adjustment surface 2311 is provided on a second end of the first positioner 231. When the second end of the positioner 231 moves toward the lower positioning assembly 22, the second position adjusting surface 2311 abuts against a first positioning surface 2215 to drive the first positioning surface 2215 to move from the second preset position to the first preset position.
In the present embodiment, the positioner 231 is configured to abut against the first positioning surface 2215 through the second position adjustment surface 2311 when the first positioning surface 2215 is at the second preset position, and drive the lower positioning assembly 22 to rotate along the second axis a; when the first positioning surface 2215 is at the first preset position, the first positioning surface 2215 abuts against the first positioning surface 2215 to limit the movement of the lower positioning assembly 22 relative to the base, i.e. the workpiece 01 does not move relative to the base during processing.
In the present embodiment, the angle adjuster 232 is configured to adjust the rotation angle of the lower positioning assembly 22 along the second axis a, that is, when the first position adjusting surface 2321 abuts against one of the first positioning surfaces 2215, the first positioning surface 2215 is driven to move to the second preset position.
In this embodiment, when the first shaft body 12 of the workpiece 01 is turned, the second end of the positioner 231 is used to limit the rotation of the positioning assembly 22 and the workpiece 01 along the second axis a relative to the turning tool, and the other parts of the positioning tool and the workpiece 01 are driven to rotate along the first axis B relative to the turning tool by the base, so that the turning tool can perform turning on the first shaft body 12. After the first shaft body 12 is machined, the turning tool stops working, and after the base stops moving relative to the turning tool, the position of the second end of the positioner 231 is adjusted so that the second end moves to the corresponding avoiding position in a direction away from the lower positioning assembly 22. Then, the second end of the angle adjuster 232 moves in a direction approaching the lower positioning assembly 22 until the first position adjusting surface 2321 abuts against the first positioning surface 2215, and drives the first positioning surface 2215 to rotate to a second preset position along the second axis a. Thereafter, the second end of the angle adjuster 232 is moved in a direction away from the lower positioning assembly 22 to its corresponding stowed position. The second end of the positioner 231 moves in a direction approaching the lower positioning assembly 22 until the second position adjusting surface 2311 abuts against the first positioning surface 2215, and drives the lower positioning assembly 22 to rotate along the second axis a. When the first positioning surface 2215 moves from the second preset position to the first preset position, the second end of the positioner 231 is used for limiting the lower positioning assembly 22 and the workpiece 01 to rotate along the second axis a relative to the turning tool, the base is used for driving other parts of the positioning tool and the workpiece 01 to rotate along the first axis B relative to the turning tool, and the turning tool can perform turning on the second shaft body 12 after working. The above steps are repeated until all the shaft body 12 of the workpiece 01 is finished.
In this embodiment, the angle adjuster 232 and the positioner 231 are separately disposed and separately controlled, so that the overall structure of the position adjustment assembly 23 is relatively simple.
In some embodiments, it may be preferable that both the first positioning surface 2215 and the second position adjustment surface 2311 be planar.
In the present embodiment, the positioning device 231 can more precisely position the lower positioning assembly 22 by setting the first positioning surface 2215 and the second position adjusting surface 2311 to be planar, and the planar structure is easier to process.
In some embodiments, when the workpiece 01 is sandwiched between the end surface of the second end of the upper positioning block 211 and the first shaped surface 2211, the distance between the end surface of the second end of the upper positioning block 211 and the first shaped surface 2211 and the position to be turned of the workpiece 01 is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm.
In the present embodiment, when the workpiece 01 is clamped between the end surface of the second end of the upper positioning block 211 and the first profiled surface 2211, the end surface of the second end of the upper positioning block 211 and the plurality of positioning surfaces 2215 of the lower positioning block 221 are greater than or equal to 0.5 mm from the position to be turned of the workpiece 01, so that the second end of the upper positioning block 211 does not interfere with the turning of the workpiece 01.
In some embodiments, the upper positioning assembly 21 further includes a second bearing (not shown), the outer side of the upper positioning block 211 being connected with the inner ring of the second bearing, and the outer ring of the second bearing being connected with the base. The first bearing is an axial contact bearing and the second bearing is a radial contact bearing.
In the present embodiment, the first bearing is used to carry the radial force transmitted to the first bearing by the upper positioning assembly 21 perpendicular to the first direction X, and to transmit the radial force to the base through the first bearing. The second bearing is adapted to carry the axial force transmitted to the second bearing in the first direction X by the upper positioning assembly 21 and to conduct the axial force to the base through the second bearing.
As can be seen from the above description of the present embodiment, the positioning tool disclosed in the present embodiment includes a base, a position adjusting assembly 23, an upper positioning assembly 21 and a lower positioning assembly 22, where the base is mounted on a lathe and can rotate along a first axis B relative to a turning tool of the lathe. In a first direction X perpendicular to the first axis B, an end face of the first end of the lower positioning assembly 22 is provided with a first profiled surface 2211 adapted to the shape, size and position of the bottom face of the workpiece 01. The outer side of the first end of the lower positioning assembly 22 includes a plurality of first positioning surfaces 2215. The second end of the lower positioning assembly 22 is mounted on the base for rotation relative thereto along a second axis a parallel to the first direction X. The upper positioning assembly 21 includes an upper positioning block 211 and a first bearing. In the first direction X, the first end of the upper positioning block 211 is connected to the base, and the end face of the second end of the upper positioning block 211 faces the end face of the first end of the lower positioning assembly 22. The outer side surface of the upper positioning block 211 is connected with the inner ring of the first bearing, and the outer ring of the first bearing is connected with the base. An end surface of the second end of the upper positioning block 211 is reciprocally movable in the first direction X relative to the lower positioning assembly 22, and the end surface of the second end of the upper positioning block 211 is configured to abut against the top surface of the workpiece 01. The position adjusting assembly 23 is mounted on the base, and is configured to limit the movement of the lower positioning assembly 22 relative to the base after the lower positioning assembly 22 is pushed to rotate relative to the base along the second axis a to a first preset position by at least one first positioning surface 2215. Through set up on lower locating component 22 with work piece 01 bottom surface shape, size and the first dysmorphism face 2211 of position adaptation, make location frock can fix a position work piece 01 that has the dysmorphism face to the positioning effect is better. By providing the plurality of first positioning surfaces 2215 on the lower positioning assembly 22, the lower positioning assembly 22 is rotated and positioned relative to the turning tool along the second axis a by the position adjusting assembly 23, so that turning can be performed on the plurality of shaft body parts 12 of the workpiece 01 by one clamping.
Example two
As shown in fig. 15, the second embodiment of the present invention discloses a turning method, wherein the bottom surface of the workpiece 01 has a second profiled surface (not shown). The method comprises the following steps:
in step S10, the workpiece 01 is placed on the first end of the lower positioning assembly 22, and the second shaped surface is attached to the first shaped surface 2211.
In this embodiment, since the first profiled surface 2211 is matched with the second profiled surface, the workpiece 01 is substantially positioned during the process of being placed on the first end of the lower positioning assembly 22.
In step S20, the position of the end face of the second end of the upper positioning block 211 is adjusted along the first direction X so that the end face of the second end of the upper positioning block 211 abuts against the top face of the workpiece 01.
In this embodiment, the workpiece 01 is clamped by the upper positioning assembly 21 and the lower positioning assembly 22 at the same time, so that the workpiece 01 is fixed in the positioning fixture. Specifically, when the workpiece 01 is clamped between the upper positioning assembly 21 and the lower positioning assembly 22, the second shaped surface of the base body 11 is matched with the first shaped surface 2211, and the upper positioning assembly 21 abuts against the bottom surface of the base body 11.
In step S30, the position adjusting assembly 23 pushes the lower positioning assembly 22 and the workpiece 01 to rotate along the second axis a to the first preset position relative to the base through the at least one first positioning surface 2215, and limits the movement of the lower positioning assembly 22 relative to the base.
In this embodiment, the lower positioning assembly 22 is driven to rotate relative to the turning tool by the position adjusting assembly 23 along the second axis a, so that one shaft body 12 of the workpiece 01 rotates to a position where the turning tool processes the workpiece, and the axis of the shaft body 12 coincides with the first axis B.
And step S40, moving the turning tool to the working position.
In step S50, the control base drives the upper positioning assembly 21, the lower positioning assembly 22, the position adjusting assembly 23 and the workpiece 01 to rotate along the first axis B relative to the turning tool of the lathe, so that the turning tool performs turning on the workpiece 01.
In this embodiment, the upper positioning assembly 21, the lower positioning assembly 22 and the workpiece 01 are driven by the base to rotate together along the first axis B relative to the turning tool, and the turning tool can turn the workpiece 01 because the axis of one shaft body 12 of the workpiece 01 coincides with the first axis B. After the turning of the first shaft body 12 of the workpiece 01 is completed, the second shaft body 12 of the workpiece is rotated to a position where the turning tool is used for machining the second shaft body 12 by the position adjusting assembly 23, and the axis of the shaft body 12 coincides with the first axis B, so that the second shaft body 12 can be continuously machined by the turning tool.
As can be seen from the above description of the present embodiment, in the present embodiment, the first special-shaped surface 2211 adapted to the shape, the size and the position of the bottom surface of the workpiece 01 is provided on the lower positioning component 22, so that the positioning tool can position the workpiece 01 with the special-shaped surface, and the positioning effect is better. By providing the plurality of first positioning surfaces 2215 on the lower positioning assembly 22, the lower positioning assembly 22 is rotated and positioned relative to the turning tool along the second axis a by the position adjusting assembly 23, so that turning can be performed on the plurality of shaft body parts 12 of the workpiece 01 by one clamping.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples of implementing the disclosure, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A positioning tool is characterized in that,
the positioning tool is used for positioning the turning of the workpiece; the positioning tool comprises a base, a position adjusting assembly, an upper positioning assembly and a lower positioning assembly; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the base is arranged on the lathe and can rotate along a first axis relative to a turning tool of the lathe;
in a first direction perpendicular to the first axis, the end face of the first end of the lower positioning assembly is provided with a first special-shaped surface which is matched with the shape, the size and the position of the bottom surface of the workpiece; the outer side surface of the first end of the lower positioning component comprises a plurality of first positioning surfaces; the second end of the lower positioning component is arranged on the base and can rotate along a second axis parallel to the first direction relative to the base;
The upper positioning assembly comprises an upper positioning block and a first bearing; in the first direction, the first end of the upper positioning block is connected to the base, and the end face of the second end of the upper positioning block faces the end face of the first end of the lower positioning assembly; the outer side surface of the upper positioning block is connected with the inner ring of the first bearing, and the outer ring of the first bearing is connected with the base; the end face of the second end of the upper positioning block can move back and forth along the first direction relative to the lower positioning assembly, and the end face of the second end of the upper positioning block is used for abutting against the top surface of the workpiece;
the position adjusting assembly is arranged on the base and used for limiting the movement of the lower positioning assembly relative to the base after pushing the lower positioning assembly to rotate to a first preset position along the second axis relative to the base through at least one first positioning surface.
2. The positioning tool according to claim 1, wherein,
the lower positioning assembly comprises a first positioning piece and a second positioning piece; the first special-shaped surface is arranged on the end face of the first end of the first positioning piece along the first direction, and the second end of the first positioning piece is detachably connected with the first end of the second positioning piece; the outer side surface of the first end of the first positioning piece comprises a plurality of first positioning surfaces, and the second end of the second positioning piece is arranged on the base; the second positioning piece can drive the first positioning piece to rotate along the second axis relative to the base.
3. The positioning tool according to claim 2, wherein,
a limiting groove is formed in the first end of the second positioning piece; at least part of the second end of the first positioning piece is embedded in the limiting groove, and the limiting groove is used for limiting the first positioning piece to rotate relative to the second positioning piece.
4. The positioning tool as claimed in claim 3, wherein,
the middle part of the second positioning piece is provided with a first positioning hole with a cylindrical hole wall, an opening of the first positioning hole is positioned on the bottom wall of the limiting groove, and the axis of the first positioning hole is the second axis;
the second end of the first positioning piece is provided with a first limiting part and a second limiting part which are connected, and the first limiting part is embedded in the limiting groove; the second limiting part is embedded in the first positioning hole, and the cylindrical outer side surface of the second limiting part is in transition fit with the hole wall of the first positioning hole.
5. The positioning tool according to claim 4, wherein,
the limiting groove comprises a first groove wall and a second groove wall which are parallel to each other, and the first groove wall and the second groove wall are both planes;
the outer side surface of the first limiting part comprises a first arc surface, a first plane, a second arc surface and a second plane which are sequentially arranged, wherein the axes and the radiuses of the first arc surface and the second arc surface are the same, the first plane and the second plane are parallel to each other, the first plane is in transition fit with the first groove wall, and the second plane is in transition fit with the second groove wall.
6. The positioning tool as claimed in claim 3, wherein,
the positioning tool further comprises a connecting piece;
the middle part of the second positioning piece is provided with a first positioning hole extending along the first direction, and the opening of the first positioning hole is positioned on the bottom wall of the limiting groove;
the second end of the first positioning piece is provided with a second positioning hole extending along the first direction;
the connecting piece is used for penetrating through the first positioning hole and forming detachable connection with the hole wall of the second positioning hole.
7. The positioning tool according to claim 1, wherein,
the upper positioning block comprises a main body part and a movable part; in the first direction, the first end of the main body part is connected to the base, and the end face of the second end of the movable part faces to the end face of the first end of the lower positioning assembly; the second end of the main body part is detachably connected with the first end of the movable part, and the movable part can reciprocate along the first direction relative to the main body part.
8. The positioning tool according to claim 7, wherein,
a third positioning hole with an opening facing the end face of the first end of the lower positioning assembly is formed in the second end of the main body part, the third positioning hole is a threaded hole, and the axis of the third positioning hole coincides with the second axis; the first end of the movable portion has a threaded section that is shaped and sized to fit the third locating hole.
9. The positioning tool according to claim 1, wherein,
the position adjusting assembly comprises a positioner and an angle adjuster; wherein the first end of the locator and the first end of the angle adjuster are fixedly arranged on the base;
the second end of the angle adjuster is movably connected with the first end of the angle adjuster, and the second end of the angle adjuster can move towards or away from the lower positioning assembly relative to the first end of the angle adjuster; the second end of the angle adjuster is provided with a first position adjusting surface; when the second end of the angle adjuster moves towards the lower positioning assembly, the first position adjusting surface is abutted with one first positioning surface so as to drive the first positioning surface to move to a second preset position;
the second end of the locator is movably connected with the first end of the locator, and the second end of the locator can move towards or away from the lower locating component relative to the first end of the locator; a second position adjusting surface is arranged at the second end of the first positioner; when the second end of the positioner moves towards the lower positioning assembly, the second position adjusting surface is abutted with one first positioning surface so as to drive the first positioning surface to move from the second preset position to the first preset position.
10. A turning method of a workpiece is characterized in that,
the method uses the positioning tool as claimed in any one of claims 1-9 to carry out turning on a workpiece, wherein the bottom surface of the workpiece is provided with a second special-shaped surface;
the method comprises the following steps:
placing the workpiece on the first end of the lower positioning assembly, and enabling the second special-shaped surface to be attached to the first special-shaped surface;
adjusting the position of the end face of the second end of the upper positioning block along the first direction so that the end face of the second end of the upper positioning block is abutted with the top surface of the workpiece;
the position adjusting assembly pushes the lower positioning assembly and the workpiece to rotate to a first preset position along the second axis relative to the base through at least one first positioning surface, and limits the movement of the lower positioning assembly relative to the base;
moving the turning tool to a working position;
the base is controlled to drive the upper positioning assembly, the lower positioning assembly, the position adjusting assembly and the workpiece to rotate along a first axis relative to a turning tool of the lathe, so that the turning tool performs turning on the workpiece.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311215406.7A CN116984641A (en) | 2023-09-20 | 2023-09-20 | Positioning tool and turning method of workpiece |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311215406.7A CN116984641A (en) | 2023-09-20 | 2023-09-20 | Positioning tool and turning method of workpiece |
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| CN116984641A true CN116984641A (en) | 2023-11-03 |
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| CN202311215406.7A Pending CN116984641A (en) | 2023-09-20 | 2023-09-20 | Positioning tool and turning method of workpiece |
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