CN112792402B - Vertical external broaching machine for broaching inner mortises of annular workpieces - Google Patents
Vertical external broaching machine for broaching inner mortises of annular workpieces Download PDFInfo
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- CN112792402B CN112792402B CN202110119304.XA CN202110119304A CN112792402B CN 112792402 B CN112792402 B CN 112792402B CN 202110119304 A CN202110119304 A CN 202110119304A CN 112792402 B CN112792402 B CN 112792402B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D37/00—Broaching machines or broaching devices
- B23D37/22—Broaching machines or broaching devices for special purposes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D39/00—Accessories for broaching machines or broaching devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D41/00—Broaching machines or broaching devices characterised only by constructional features of particular parts
- B23D41/06—Broaching machines or broaching devices characterised only by constructional features of particular parts of devices for feeding, clamping, or ejecting workpieces
Abstract
The invention relates to a vertical external broaching machine for broaching inner mortises of annular workpieces, which comprises: a base; the broaching workbench is used for placing an annular workpiece to be broached; the lathe bed is provided with a slide carriage capable of moving up and down, and a cutter is arranged on the slide carriage; the broaching station includes: the fixed base is provided with an arc-shaped notch, the inner wall surface of the arc-shaped notch is a cylindrical surface with a C-shaped cross section and an upward opening, and the inner wall of the arc-shaped notch is provided with a first slide rail consistent with the bending direction of the arc-shaped notch; the arc-shaped sliding seat is connected to the first sliding rail of the fixed base in a sliding manner; the power action end of the first driving mechanism is connected with the arc-shaped sliding seat, so that the arc-shaped sliding seat can be driven to slide along the first sliding rail in a reciprocating manner; and the first locking mechanism is arranged between the fixed base and the arc-shaped sliding seat and used for locking the arc-shaped sliding seat with the fixed base when the arc-shaped sliding seat slides to any angle position along the first sliding rail.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of broaching machines, in particular to a vertical external broaching machine for broaching inner mortises of annular workpieces.
Background
Aviation parts such as disc type workpieces (such as worm wheels) or annular thin-wall type workpieces have special requirements on high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and the parts are made of materials which are difficult to process, such as stainless steel (2Cr13), titanium alloy, high-temperature nickel-based alloy and the like. The inner tenon and mortise of the annular thin-wall workpiece on the aircraft engine is generally machined and formed by adopting the traditional processes of slotting, planing, milling and the like, the slotting, planing and milling are single-tooth and single-edge cutting, the cutter is easy to wear, the cutter loss is large, the workpiece is frequently impacted, the toughness and resilience of the workpiece are large, and the qualified rate of the workpiece is low.
According to the characteristics of the annular thin-wall workpiece, the broaching machine is not suitable for broaching the inner mortise of the workpiece by adopting the inner broaching machine, because the cutter for inner broaching is generally an integral broaching tool, the broaching hole shape is single, and the broaching machine is not suitable for machining complex inner mortises such as complex dovetail grooves, pine grooves and the like. However, if a common outer broaching machine is adopted, although the tool is a combined broach, the inner mortise of some workpieces has different inclination angles and taper angles, and the inclination angles and taper angles of the workpieces with different specifications are different, which cannot be satisfied when the inner mortise workpiece with the inclination angles and the taper angles is machined.
Because the annular thin-wall workpiece is difficult to process, if the annular thin-wall workpiece cannot be effectively clamped and is directly impacted by a broach at a high speed, the annular thin-wall workpiece is easy to deform, so that the rejection rate of the workpiece is high; secondly, the broach directly performs broaching on the annular thin-walled workpiece, so that the cutter is relatively high in abrasion, and the service life of the cutter is greatly shortened; moreover, for the broaching of the annular thin-wall workpiece, particularly in the high-speed broaching process, more burrs are easily generated on two end faces of the annular workpiece, and the subsequent manual deburring is needed, so that a large amount of labor cost is occupied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the first technical problem and provides a vertical external broaching machine for broaching inner mortises of annular workpieces, which is suitable for broaching annular thin-wall workpieces with tooth shapes or groove shapes with dip angles.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the first technical problem is as follows: a vertical external broaching machine for broaching a mortise in an annular workpiece, comprising:
a base;
the broaching workbench is arranged on the base and used for placing an annular workpiece to be broached;
the lathe bed is vertically arranged on the base, a slide carriage capable of moving up and down is arranged on the lathe bed, and a cutter is arranged on the slide carriage;
the broaching station includes:
the fixed base is arranged on the base and is provided with an arc-shaped notch, the inner wall surface of the arc-shaped notch is a cylindrical surface with a C-shaped cross section and an upward opening, and a first slide rail consistent with the bending direction of the arc-shaped notch is arranged on the inner wall of the arc-shaped notch;
the arc-shaped sliding seat is connected to the first sliding rail of the fixed base in a sliding mode, and a tool clamp for fixing an annular workpiece to be broached is arranged on the arc-shaped sliding seat;
the first driving mechanism is arranged on the fixed base, and the power action end of the first driving mechanism is connected with the arc-shaped sliding seat so as to drive the arc-shaped sliding seat to slide along the first sliding rail in a reciprocating manner;
the first locking mechanism is arranged between the fixed base and the arc-shaped sliding seat and used for locking the arc-shaped sliding seat with the fixed base when the arc-shaped sliding seat slides to any angle position along the first sliding rail.
In order to facilitate the feeding and blanking operation in the broaching machining process, the method also comprises the following steps:
the transverse feeding device comprises a transverse driving mechanism and a transverse sliding table, wherein the power output end of the transverse driving mechanism is connected with the transverse sliding table so as to drive the transverse sliding table to move transversely along the base, and the fixing base is arranged on the transverse sliding table and moves back and forth along with the transverse sliding table;
vertical material feeding unit, including vertical actuating mechanism and slide and locate the vertical slip table on the arc slide, vertical actuating mechanism's power take off end with vertical slip table is connected to the drive vertical slip table is followed the longitudinal movement of base, frock clamp locate vertical slip table on, and follow vertical slip table reciprocating motion.
The inner wall face of the annular workpiece needs to be sequentially broached to process a plurality of mortises, in order to realize rotary indexing of the annular workpiece, an indexing rotary table is arranged on the longitudinal sliding table, and the tool clamp is arranged on the indexing rotary table.
In order to drive the transverse sliding table and the longitudinal sliding table to slide stably and realize flexible and accurate feeding and discharging of workpieces, the transverse driving mechanism and the longitudinal driving mechanism are servo motors. Preferably, the servo motor can drive the transverse sliding table and the longitudinal sliding table to move through a lead screw.
In order to make horizontal slip table and vertical slip table when removing the target in place, firm the fixing avoids taking place to rock the problem at the broaching in-process, improves the broaching precision, still includes:
the second locking mechanism is arranged between the transverse sliding table and the base and used for locking the transverse sliding table on the base:
and the third locking mechanism is arranged between the longitudinal sliding table and the arc-shaped sliding seat and used for locking the longitudinal sliding table on the arc-shaped sliding seat.
In order to realize firmly pressing from both sides tight annular workpiece, avoid the work piece to take place the deformation problem at the broaching in-process, frock clamp includes:
the annular cushion table is arranged on the arc-shaped sliding seat;
the mould is integrally annular, is connected to the upper end surface of the annular cushion table and is coaxially arranged with the annular cushion table;
the auxiliary clamping pads are two and correspondingly annular, are positioned on the inner side of the clamping fixture and are arranged at intervals in the thickness direction of the clamping fixture, so that an annular assembly cavity with an inward opening is defined by the auxiliary clamping pads and the inner wall of the clamping fixture together, and a workpiece to be machined is assembled in the annular assembly cavity.
In an improvement, at least one of the two auxiliary clamping pads facing the cutter is made of a free-cutting material, and the inner wall surface of the auxiliary clamping pad is flush with the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece to be machined or protrudes towards the central position relative to the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece to be machined, so that the auxiliary clamping pad covers the area to be machined of the annular workpiece in the broaching direction of the cutter.
The two auxiliary clamping pads clamp the annular workpiece in the middle, wherein at least the auxiliary clamping pad facing the cutter in the two auxiliary clamping pads is made of a free-cutting material, and when broaching is performed, the broaching tool is firstly in contact with the inner wall of the auxiliary clamping pad facing the cutter to perform broaching and then is in contact with the annular workpiece (which is a material relatively difficult to machine) to perform broaching.
Preferably, the two auxiliary clamp pads are made of nodular cast iron, and the inner wall surfaces of the two auxiliary clamp pads are flush with the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece to be machined or protrude towards the center relative to the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece to be machined. The annular workpiece is clamped between the two auxiliary clamping pads and can be tightly attached to the side walls of the two auxiliary clamping pads, and the problems of burr generation and deformation of the workpiece in the broaching machining process can be effectively solved. The two auxiliary clamping pads are disposable clamp parts, when the broaching of the workpiece clamped in the middle is finished, the two auxiliary clamping pads also finish the mission of the workpiece, and when a new annular workpiece is processed, the two auxiliary clamping pads are replaced simultaneously. It is conceivable that the two auxiliary clamping pads are not limited to be made of ductile iron, and other materials with good cutting performance, such as nylon or bakelite, may also be used.
In order to realize broaching of the annular workpiece with the taper angle in the inner tooth socket (inner tongue-and-groove), the broaching machine further comprises an angle plate arranged on the arc sliding seat, the angle plate is integrally annular, the upper end surface of the angle plate is an inclined plane, the annular cushion table is connected onto the upper end surface of the angle plate, and the axis of the annular workpiece to be machined fixed by the tool clamp is intersected with the vertical plane where the sliding direction of the arc sliding seat is located.
A broaching method applying the vertical external broaching machine comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling an angle plate with a corresponding specification on an indexing turntable of the broaching workbench, assembling a tool clamp on the angle plate, and clamping an annular workpiece to be machined on the tool clamp;
s2, shifting the clamped annular workpiece on the tool clamp to a broaching station through a transverse feeding device and a longitudinal feeding device, and locking the broaching workbench relative to the base;
s3, starting a first driving mechanism, driving the arc-shaped sliding seat to slide to a preset position along the first sliding rail, enabling the axis of the annular workpiece fixed on the tool clamp to form a first included angle relative to the vertical direction, and then locking the arc-shaped sliding seat on a fixed base through a first locking mechanism to finish the feeding process;
s4, driving the slide carriage to move downwards to drive the cutter to broach the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece, and after finishing broaching processing of one inner mortise of the annular workpiece, moving the slide carriage upwards to drive the cutter to reset upwards;
s5, the indexing turntable acts to drive the annular workpiece to rotate around the axis of the workpiece to index, and after the indexing is finished, the step S4 is repeated;
and S6, after broaching of all the inner mortises of the annular workpiece, moving the slide carriage upwards to drive the cutter to reset upwards, and driving the annular workpiece after broaching to be far away from the broaching station by the actions of the transverse feeding device and the longitudinal feeding device to finish the blanking process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: .
Firstly, the vertical outer broaching machine breaks through the concepts of the traditional inner broaching machine and the traditional outer broaching machine, the inner hole mortise of the annular workpiece is broached by the vertical outer broaching machine, and because the broached stress point and the driving force of the vertical outer broaching machine are the same vertical line and no rotating moment exists, the vertical outer broaching machine is more suitable for the broaching processing technique of heavy cutting, the broached vibration can be reduced, and the service life of the broaching tool is prolonged. Particularly, the broaching workbench is provided with the structure (similar to the structure provided with the C-shaped cradle) with the arc-shaped sliding seat in sliding fit with the fixed base, so that annular workpieces (a mortise or a tooth socket) with different inclination angles can be subjected to broaching, different tool fixtures do not need to be frequently replaced, and the broaching efficiency of the workpieces is effectively improved.
Secondly, in a preferred scheme, the tool clamp arranged on the broaching workbench is formed by matching the clamping fixture and two auxiliary clamping cushions arranged on the inner side of the clamping fixture, wherein the two auxiliary clamping cushions are arranged at intervals in the thickness direction of the clamping fixture, so that an annular assembly cavity with an inward opening is defined by the two auxiliary clamping cushions and the inner wall of the clamping fixture together, and an annular workpiece to be machined can be assembled in the annular assembly cavity.
Moreover, in a further preferred scheme, at least the auxiliary clamp pad facing the tool in the two auxiliary clamp pads of the tool fixture is made of a free-cutting material, and when broaching, the broaching tool is firstly in contact with the inner wall of the auxiliary clamp pad facing the tool feeding direction of the tool to perform broaching and then is in contact with an annular workpiece (the annular workpiece is a relatively difficult-to-machine material) to perform broaching.
In addition, the tool clamp is connected to a broaching workbench (particularly an arc sliding seat) through the angle plate, so that broaching machining of the annular workpiece with the inner tooth groove (inner mortise) having the taper angle can be realized, and when broaching machining is carried out on the annular workpiece with different taper angles, only different angle plates need to be replaced, so that the tool clamp is very convenient and fast.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a side view of a vertical type external broaching machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front perspective view of the vertical type external broaching machine according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of a broaching station of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side perspective view of a broaching station of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a broaching station in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a main driving mechanism of a cutter of the vertical type external broaching machine according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a tooling fixture according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a partial schematic view of the structure of FIG. 7 (with the annular workpiece hidden);
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of an annular workpiece according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an axial cross-sectional view of an annular workpiece according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and to simplify the description, but are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and that the directional terms are used for purposes of illustration and are not to be construed as limiting, for example, because the disclosed embodiments of the present invention may be oriented in different directions, "lower" is not necessarily limited to a direction opposite to or coincident with the direction of gravity. Furthermore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
Referring to fig. 1-10, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, a thin-walled annular workpiece 10 is provided, and an inner wall surface of the workpiece has a mortise, wherein the mortise has an inclination angle with respect to an axis of the annular workpiece 10, and an angle α in fig. 10 is an inclination angle of the mortise; in addition, the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece 10 is a conical surface, and has a certain taper angle relative to the axis of the annular workpiece 10, and the angle β in fig. 10 is the taper angle of the mortise of the annular workpiece 10. The present embodiment provides the tool holder 20, the broaching table, and the vertical external broaching machine, which are used for broaching the mortise of the annular workpiece 10 of the above-described type.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a vertical external broaching machine for broaching a mortise 100 in an annular workpiece 10 includes a base 40, a bed 41, a carriage 42, a cutter 43, and a broaching table.
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, the base 40 of the present embodiment is a T-shaped structure for placing the bed 41 and the broaching table thereon, wherein the bed 41 is located at the rear portion of the base 40, and the broaching table is located at the front portion of the base 40.
Referring to fig. 2, the bed 41 is vertically disposed on the base 40. The bed body 41 is provided with a slide carriage 42 capable of moving up and down, and the slide carriage 42 is provided with a cutter 43. Specifically, the top of the bed 41 is provided with a main driving mechanism for driving the carriage 42 to reciprocate up and down, the main driving mechanism is preferably a main driving motor 44, and the main driving motor 44 is connected with the carriage 42 through a braking device 45, a speed reducing device 46, a coupling 47 and a ball screw pair 48 in sequence. When the main driving motor 44 is operated, the slide carriage 42 can drive the cutter 43 to reciprocate up and down relative to the broaching table (on which the annular workpiece 10 to be broached is disposed) located at the lower part, thereby realizing broaching of the annular workpiece 10, as shown in detail in fig. 6. Wherein the broaching direction of the slide carriage 42 and the cutter 43 is the Z-axis direction shown in fig. 2.
The broaching table of this embodiment is disposed on the base 40 and is located below the carriage 42 of the bed 41.
Referring to fig. 3 and 5, the broaching station of the present embodiment includes a fixed base 31, an arc-shaped slide 32, a first driving mechanism, a first locking mechanism 35, a transverse feeding device 50, a longitudinal feeding device 60, and a work fixture 20.
Referring to fig. 3, the fixing base 31 is disposed on the base 40, and has a square shape as a whole, and an arc-shaped notch 310 is formed at the top thereof, and an inner wall surface of the arc-shaped notch 310 is a cylindrical surface with a C-shaped cross section and an upward opening. The arc-shaped notch 310 of the present embodiment penetrates both front and rear side walls of the fixed base 31 to form a through groove having an axis direction coincident with a moving direction of the longitudinal feeding device 60 described below.
Referring to fig. 3, the inner wall of the arc-shaped notch 310 is provided with a first slide rail 311, the first slide rail 311 is arc-shaped and specifically extends along the inner wall surface of the arc-shaped notch 310, and the bending direction of the first slide rail 311 is the same as the bending direction of the arc-shaped notch 310. The arc-shaped sliding seat 32 is slidably disposed on the first sliding rail 311 of the fixed base 31. The first slide rails 311 of the present embodiment may be provided with two or more than two and arranged at intervals along the axial direction (i.e. the length direction) of the arc-shaped slot 310, so as to improve the arc shape
Referring to fig. 3, the arc-shaped sliding base 32 is slidably connected to the first sliding rail 311 of the fixed base 31. The outer wall of the annular slide of this embodiment is C-shaped in cross-section to fit the inner wall of the arcuate slot 310. The sliding direction of the arc slider 32 is the B-axis direction shown in fig. 3.
Referring to fig. 4, the first driving mechanism is disposed on the fixed base 31, and a power acting end of the first driving mechanism is connected to the arc-shaped sliding seat 32, so as to drive the arc-shaped sliding seat 32 to slide along the first sliding rail 311 in a reciprocating manner.
Referring to fig. 4, the first driving mechanism includes a first motor 33 and a gear assembly 34. The first motor 33 is disposed on the fixed base 31, and an output shaft thereof is connected to the gear assembly 34. The gear assembly 34 is disposed between the fixed base 31 and the arc slide 32, and specifically, a sector-shaped gear ring is disposed on an outer wall of the arc slide 32, and the gear assembly 34 is engaged with the sector-shaped gear ring, thereby constituting a power output end of the first driving mechanism. When the first motor 33 is operated, power is transmitted through the gear assembly 34 and the sector-shaped ring gear, so that the arc-shaped sliding seat 32 is driven to move along the first sliding rail 311.
Referring to fig. 4, a first locking mechanism 35 is disposed between the fixed base 31 and the arc slide 32, and is used for locking the arc slide 32 with the fixed base 31 when sliding along the first slide rail 311 to any angle position. The first locking mechanism 35 of the present embodiment can adopt an electrically controlled or hydraulically controlled locking structure in the prior art, which is not described herein.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the lateral feeding device 50 includes a lateral driving mechanism 51 and a lateral slide table 52. The lateral direction of the present embodiment can be understood as a left-right direction of the base 40, such as an X-axis direction shown in fig. 2. The transverse driving mechanism 51 of the present embodiment is disposed on the base 40, and may be preferably a servo motor, and a power output end of the servo motor is connected to the transverse sliding table 52, so as to drive the transverse sliding table 52 to move along the transverse direction of the base 40. Specifically, a slide rail may be disposed between the bottom of the transverse sliding table 52 and the base 40, and a ball screw may be used between the servo motor and the transverse sliding table 52 for driving. When the transverse driving mechanism 51 acts, the fixing base 31 arranged on the transverse sliding table 52 can be driven to reciprocate along the transverse direction of the base 40, so that the annular workpiece 10 to be machined on the broaching working table is moved to the broaching station, and after the machining is finished, the finished product is transferred out of the broaching station, and the loading and unloading process of the workpiece is finished.
A second locking mechanism (not shown) is provided between the lateral slide table 52 and the base 40 for locking the lateral slide table 52 to the base 40. The second locking mechanism of this embodiment may also adopt an electrically controlled or hydraulically controlled locking structure in the prior art, which is not described herein.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the longitudinal feeding device 60 includes a longitudinal driving mechanism 61 and a longitudinal sliding table 62 slidably disposed on the arc-shaped sliding base 32. The lateral direction of the present embodiment can be understood as the front-rear direction of the base 40, that is, the axial direction of the arc-shaped notch 310 of the fixed base 31, as shown in the Y-axis direction in fig. 1. The power output end of the longitudinal driving mechanism 61 is connected to the longitudinal sliding table 62, so that the longitudinal sliding table 62 is driven to move along the longitudinal direction of the base 40. Similarly, a slide rail may be disposed between the bottom of the longitudinal slide table 62 and the arc slide 32, and a ball screw may be used for driving between the longitudinal driving mechanism 61 and the transverse slide 52. The longitudinal feeding device 60 is also used for facilitating the loading and unloading of the workpiece.
The longitudinal driving mechanism 61 is preferably a servomotor. The servo motor is correspondingly arranged on the arc-shaped sliding seat 32.
And a third locking mechanism 63 arranged between the longitudinal sliding table 62 and the arc sliding base 32 and used for locking the longitudinal sliding table 62 on the arc sliding base 32. The third locking mechanism 63 of the present embodiment can also adopt an electrically controlled or hydraulically controlled locking structure in the prior art, which is not described herein.
The tool clamp 20 is used for fixing the annular workpiece 10 to be broached, and is arranged on the longitudinal sliding table 62 and can reciprocate along with the longitudinal sliding table 62 and transversely reciprocate along with the transverse sliding table 52. More specifically, since the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece 10 needs to be sequentially broached to process a plurality of mortises, in order to realize the rotary indexing of the annular workpiece 10, the longitudinal sliding table 62 is provided with an indexing turntable 70 having a locking function, and the tool clamp 20 is correspondingly arranged on the indexing turntable 70.
Referring to fig. 7 and 9, the tool holder 20 includes a jig 21, an auxiliary clamp pad, a bush 25, and an annular pad table 24. The clamping fixture 21, the auxiliary clamping pad and the annular pad table 24 are correspondingly annular.
Referring to fig. 8, the auxiliary clamping pads of the present embodiment are two, and are specifically located on the inner side of the mold 21 and spaced apart in the thickness direction of the mold 21, so as to define an annular assembly cavity 200 with an inward opening together with the inner wall of the mold 21. Wherein the annular workpiece 10 to be machined is fitted in the annular fitting chamber 200.
Referring to fig. 8, in order to realize the reliable assembly of the two auxiliary clamping pads and the mold 21, a first annular step 211 and a second annular step 212 are sequentially formed on the inner wall surface of the mold 21 from top to bottom along the thickness direction thereof, wherein the caliber of the first annular step 211 is larger than that of the second annular step 212, so that the first annular step 211 and the second annular step 212 divide the inner wall surface of the mold 21 into a first annular wall 214, a second annular wall 215 and a third annular wall 216 from top to bottom along the thickness direction thereof, wherein the inner diameters of the first annular wall 214, the second annular wall 215 and the third annular wall 216 are sequentially reduced.
Referring to fig. 7, the two auxiliary nip pads of the present embodiment are a first nip pad 22 and a second nip pad 23, respectively. The first clamping pad 22 is arranged on the first annular step 211 and is attached to the upper end face of the annular workpiece 10 to be machined. The second clamping pad 23 is arranged on the second annular step 212 and is attached to the lower end face of the annular workpiece 10 to be machined.
Referring to fig. 8, at least two first connection holes 26 are sequentially arranged on the step surface of the first annular step 211 of the clamping fixture 21 of the embodiment at intervals along the circumferential direction. The first clamping pad 22 is connected to the first connecting hole 26 of the clamping fixture 21 by a first bolt 27.
Referring to fig. 8, the annular pad 24 serves as an auxiliary member for connection with the above-described jig 21. Specifically, the lower end face of the mold 21 has a third annular step 213 opening radially inward, and the mold 21 rests on the upper end face of the annular cushion table 24 through a first side face of the third annular step 213 and abuts against the inner wall face of the annular cushion table 24 through a second side face of the third annular step 213. More specifically, the jig 21 is connected to the upper end of the annular bed 24 by a second bolt 29. At least two second connecting holes 28 are sequentially arranged on the upper end surface of the annular cushion table 24 at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular cushion table, a through hole 217 penetrating through the mold 21 up and down is formed corresponding to each second connecting hole 28, and each second bolt 29 is connected to the corresponding second connecting hole 28 through the corresponding through hole 217. The annular cushion table 24 can be set to a corresponding height according to the up-down movement displacement of the actual tool 43 in the broaching process, so that the tool 43 is ensured to have a certain moving space in the broaching process, and the problem of interference between the tool 43 and other parts is avoided.
Referring to fig. 8, in order to achieve precise positioning of the annular workpiece 10 in the radial direction, a bushing 25 is further included inside the mold 21, correspondingly between the first clamping pad 22 and the second clamping pad 23. Specifically, the bush 25 of the present embodiment substantially corresponds to the thickness of the annular workpiece 10 or is slightly smaller than the thickness of the annular workpiece 10, and the shape and inner diameter of the inner wall of the bush 25 match the shape and outer diameter of the outer wall of the annular workpiece 10 to be machined.
Referring to fig. 1 and 7, an important point of the present invention is that broaching of a ring-shaped workpiece 10 having a tapered angle of its inner tooth groove (inner dovetail groove 100) is performed by providing an angle plate 71, the angle plate 71 is provided on an index table 70 on an arc-shaped slide base 32, the angle plate 71 is annular as a whole, and an upper end surface of the angle plate 71 is an inclined surface (i.e., the angle plate is triangular when viewed from the side). The annular cushion table 24 of the tooling fixture 20 is connected to the upper end surface of the angle plate 71, and the axis of the annular workpiece 10 to be machined, which is fixed by the tooling fixture 20, intersects with the vertical plane in which the sliding direction of the arc-shaped sliding seat 32 is located. In this embodiment, the angle plate 71 is preferably disposed at a position where the lowest position of the upper end surface of the angle plate 71 is located right behind and the highest position of the upper end surface of the angle plate 71 is located right ahead, so that a vertical plane where a connection line between the lowest point and the highest point of the upper end surface of the angle plate 71 is located is perpendicular to a vertical plane where the sliding direction of the arc-shaped slide carriage 32 is located, thereby improving the stability of the broaching process of the annular workpiece 10, as shown in fig. 1 in detail.
Referring to fig. 7, another important point of the present invention is that at least one of the two auxiliary pads of the tool holder 20 facing the feeding direction of the tool 43 (i.e., the first pad 22 located above in the present embodiment) is made of a free-cutting material, preferably a ductile iron material having an oil-storing function, wherein, after the annular workpiece 10 to be machined is assembled in place, the inner wall surface of the first pad 22 is flush with the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece 10 to be machined or protrudes toward the center position relative to the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece 10 to be machined, so that the auxiliary pad covers the area to be machined of the annular workpiece 10 in the broaching direction of the tool 43. Therefore, when broaching, the broaching tool is firstly contacted with the inner wall of the auxiliary clamp pad (the first clamp pad 22) facing the feeding direction of the tool 43 to perform broaching, and then contacted with the annular workpiece 10 (which is a relatively difficult-to-machine material) to perform broaching, and the structural design has a good buffer protection effect on the tool 43, so that the service life of the broaching tool is effectively prolonged. It is conceivable that the two auxiliary clamping pads are not limited to be made of ductile iron, and other materials with good cutting performance, such as nylon or bakelite, may also be used.
Referring to fig. 7, preferably, the two auxiliary pads are made of ductile cast iron, and inner wall surfaces of the two auxiliary pads are flush with an inner wall surface of the annular workpiece 10 to be machined or protrude toward a central position relative to the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece 10 to be machined. Because the annular workpiece 10 is clamped between the two auxiliary clamping pads, the annular workpiece can be tightly clamped and attached to the side walls of the two auxiliary clamping pads, and thus the problems of burr generation and deformation of the workpiece in the broaching process can be effectively solved. The two auxiliary clamping pads are disposable clamp parts, when the annular workpiece 10 clamped in the middle is subjected to broaching, the two auxiliary clamping pads also complete the mission of the annular workpiece, and when a new annular workpiece 10 is processed, the two auxiliary clamping pads are replaced simultaneously.
A broaching method applying the vertical external broaching machine comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling an angle plate 71 with a corresponding specification on an indexing turntable 70 of the broaching workbench, assembling a tool clamp 20 on the angle plate 71, and clamping the annular workpiece 10 to be machined on the tool clamp 20;
s2, the clamped annular workpiece 10 on the tool clamp 20 is shifted to a broaching station through the transverse feeding device 50 and the longitudinal feeding device 60, and the broaching working table is locked relative to the base 40;
s3, starting the first driving mechanism, driving the arc slide 32 to slide to a preset position along the first slide rail 311, so that a first included angle is formed between the axis of the annular workpiece 10 fixed on the tooling fixture 20 and the vertical direction, and then locking the arc slide 32 on the fixed base 31 through the first locking mechanism 35, thereby completing the feeding process;
s4, driving the slide carriage 42 to move downwards to drive the cutter 43 to sequentially broach the first clamping pad 22 of the tool clamp 20, the annular workpiece 10 and the second clamping pad 23 of the tool clamp 20, after broaching processing of one inner mortise 100 of the annular workpiece 10 is completed, moving the longitudinal feeding device backwards to avoid the cutter, and then moving the slide carriage 42 upwards to drive the cutter 43 to reset upwards;
s5, the indexing turntable 70 acts to drive the annular workpiece 10 to rotate around the axis thereof for indexing, and after the indexing is finished, the step S4 is repeated;
and S6, after the broaching of all the inner mortises 100 of the annular workpiece 10 is finished, the slide carriage 42 moves upwards to drive the cutter 43 to reset upwards, and the transverse feeding device 50 and the longitudinal feeding device 60 act to drive the annular workpiece 10 after the broaching to be away from the broaching station, so that the blanking process is finished.
The invention has the advantages that: .
Firstly, the vertical outer broaching machine breaks through the concepts of the traditional inner broaching machine and the traditional outer broaching machine, the inner hole mortise of the annular workpiece 10 is broached by the vertical outer broaching machine, and because the broached stress point and the driving force of the vertical outer broaching machine are the same vertical line and no rotating moment exists, the vertical outer broaching machine is more suitable for the broaching processing technology of heavy cutting, can reduce the broached vibration and improve the service life of the broaching tool. Particularly, the broaching workbench is provided with the structure (similar to the structure provided with the C-shaped cradle) with the arc-shaped sliding seat 32 matched with the fixed base 31 in a sliding manner, so that the annular workpieces 10 (tongue-and-groove or tooth-groove) with different inclination angles can be subjected to broaching processing, different tool fixtures 20 do not need to be frequently replaced, and the broaching efficiency of the workpieces is effectively improved.
Secondly, in a preferred scheme, the tooling fixture 20 arranged on the broaching workbench is formed by matching the mold 21 with two auxiliary clamping pads arranged on the inner side of the mold 21, wherein the two auxiliary clamping pads are arranged at intervals in the thickness direction of the mold 21 so as to define an annular assembly cavity 200 with an inward opening together with the inner wall of the mold 21, and the annular workpiece 10 to be machined can be assembled in the annular assembly cavity 200, so that the tooling fixture 20 can wrap the upper end surface, the lower end surface and the outer circumferential surface of the annular workpiece 10, and accordingly the annular workpiece 10 can be firmly clamped, the deformation problem of the annular workpiece 10 in the broaching process is effectively avoided, the rejection rate is reduced, and the production cost is saved.
Moreover, in a further preferred embodiment, at least the auxiliary pad facing the feeding direction of the tool 43 in the two auxiliary pads of the tool fixture 20 is made of a free-cutting material, and when broaching, the broach firstly contacts with the inner wall of the auxiliary pad facing the feeding direction of the tool 43 to broach and then contacts with the annular workpiece 10 (the annular workpiece 10 itself is a relatively difficult-to-machine material) to broach, and this structural design has a good buffering protection effect on the tool 43, thereby effectively prolonging the service life of the broach.
In addition, the tool clamp 20 is connected to the broaching workbench (specifically the arc slide 32) through the angle plate 71, so that broaching of the annular workpiece 10 with the inner tooth socket (inner tenon groove 100) having a taper angle can be realized, and when broaching of annular workpieces 10 with different taper angles is carried out, only different angle plates 71 need to be replaced, so that the tool clamp is very convenient and fast.
Claims (6)
1. A vertical external broaching machine for broaching a mortise in an annular workpiece, comprising:
a base (40);
the broaching working table is arranged on the base (40) and is used for placing an annular workpiece (10) to be broached;
the lathe bed (41) is vertically arranged on the base (40), a slide carriage (42) capable of moving up and down is arranged on the lathe bed (41), and a cutter (43) is arranged on the slide carriage (42);
characterized in that the broaching table comprises:
the fixing base (31) is arranged on the base (40) and is provided with an arc-shaped notch (310), the inner wall surface of the arc-shaped notch (310) is a cylindrical surface with a C-shaped cross section and an upward opening, and a first sliding rail (311) consistent with the bending direction of the arc-shaped notch (310) is arranged on the inner wall of the arc-shaped notch (310);
the arc-shaped sliding seat (32) is connected to the first sliding rail (311) of the fixed base (31) in a sliding mode, and a tool clamp (20) used for fixing the annular workpiece (10) to be broached is arranged on the arc-shaped sliding seat (32);
the first driving mechanism is arranged on the fixed base (31), and the power action end of the first driving mechanism is connected with the arc-shaped sliding seat (32) so as to drive the arc-shaped sliding seat (32) to slide along the first sliding rail (311) in a reciprocating manner;
the first locking mechanism (35) is arranged between the fixed base (31) and the arc-shaped sliding seat (32) and is used for locking the arc-shaped sliding seat (32) and the fixed base (31) together when the arc-shaped sliding seat (32) slides to any angle position along the first sliding rail (311);
the work fixture (20) comprises:
the annular cushion table (24) is arranged on the arc-shaped sliding seat (32);
the mould (21) is annular as a whole, is connected to the upper end face of the annular cushion table (24), and is coaxial with the annular cushion table (24);
the two auxiliary clamping pads are correspondingly annular, are positioned on the inner side of the clamping fixture (21), and are arranged at intervals in the thickness direction of the clamping fixture (21), so that an annular assembling cavity (200) with an inward opening is defined by the auxiliary clamping pads and the inner wall of the clamping fixture (21), and a workpiece to be machined is assembled in the annular assembling cavity (200);
at least the auxiliary clamping pad facing to the cutting feed direction of the cutter (43) is made of a free-cutting material, and the inner wall surface of the auxiliary clamping pad is flush with the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece (10) to be machined or protrudes towards the central position relative to the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece (10) to be machined, so that the auxiliary clamping pad covers the area to be machined of the annular workpiece (10) in the broaching direction of the cutter (43).
2. The vertical external broaching machine for broaching the mortise in the annular workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the first driving mechanism includes:
a first motor (33);
and the gear assembly (34) is connected with an output shaft of the first motor (33), and the gear assembly (34) is also meshed with a fan-shaped gear ring correspondingly arranged on the outer wall of the arc-shaped sliding seat (32), so that a power output end of the first driving mechanism is formed.
3. The vertical external broaching machine for broaching the inner mortise of the annular workpiece according to claim 2, wherein: further comprising:
the transverse feeding device (50) comprises a transverse driving mechanism (51) and a transverse sliding table (52), the power output end of the transverse driving mechanism (51) is connected with the transverse sliding table (52) so as to drive the transverse sliding table (52) to move transversely along the base (40), and the fixed base (31) is arranged on the transverse sliding table (52) and moves back and forth along with the transverse sliding table (52);
vertical material feeding unit (60), locate vertical slip table (62) on arc slide (32) including vertical actuating mechanism (61) and slip, the power take off end of vertical actuating mechanism (61) with vertical slip table (62) are connected, thereby drive vertical slip table (62) are followed the longitudinal movement of base (40), frock clamp (20) locate vertical slip table (62) on, and along with vertical slip table (62) reciprocating motion.
4. The vertical external broaching machine for broaching the inner mortise of the annular workpiece according to claim 3, wherein: an indexing rotary table (70) is arranged on the longitudinal sliding table (62), and the tool clamp (20) is arranged on the indexing rotary table (70).
5. The vertical external broaching machine for broaching the inner mortise of the annular workpiece according to claim 3, wherein: the transverse driving mechanism (51) and the longitudinal driving mechanism (61) are both servo motors.
6. The vertical external broaching machine for broaching the inner mortise of the annular workpiece according to claim 3, wherein: further comprising:
the second locking mechanism is arranged between the transverse sliding table (52) and the base (40) and used for locking the transverse sliding table (52) on the base (40):
and the third locking mechanism (63) is arranged between the longitudinal sliding table (62) and the arc-shaped sliding seat (32) and is used for locking the longitudinal sliding table (62) on the arc-shaped sliding seat (32).
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| CN202110119304.XA CN112792402B (en) | 2021-01-28 | 2021-01-28 | Vertical external broaching machine for broaching inner mortises of annular workpieces |
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| CN202110119304.XA CN112792402B (en) | 2021-01-28 | 2021-01-28 | Vertical external broaching machine for broaching inner mortises of annular workpieces |
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| CN112792402B true CN112792402B (en) | 2022-02-22 |
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| CN117464075A (en) * | 2023-12-01 | 2024-01-30 | 长沙思胜智能设备有限公司 | Vertical broaching machine for precisely machining turbine disc mortise and machining method thereof |
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| CN112792402A (en) | 2021-05-14 |
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Denomination of invention: Vertical external broaching machine for broaching the inner tongue and groove of annular workpieces Effective date of registration: 20220815 Granted publication date: 20220222 Pledgee: Zhejiang Hengjin Financial Leasing Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: ZHEJIANG CHR INTELLIGENT EQUIPMENT Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2022980012584 |