CN112692365B - Tool clamp for broaching thin-wall annular workpiece, broaching workbench and broaching method - Google Patents
Tool clamp for broaching thin-wall annular workpiece, broaching workbench and broaching method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112692365B CN112692365B CN202110119346.3A CN202110119346A CN112692365B CN 112692365 B CN112692365 B CN 112692365B CN 202110119346 A CN202110119346 A CN 202110119346A CN 112692365 B CN112692365 B CN 112692365B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D41/00—Broaching machines or broaching devices characterised only by constructional features of particular parts
- B23D41/06—Broaching machines or broaching devices characterised only by constructional features of particular parts of devices for feeding, clamping, or ejecting workpieces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D37/00—Broaching machines or broaching devices
- B23D37/22—Broaching machines or broaching devices for special purposes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D41/00—Broaching machines or broaching devices characterised only by constructional features of particular parts
- B23D41/02—Broaching machines or broaching devices characterised only by constructional features of particular parts of frames; of work supports
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D41/00—Broaching machines or broaching devices characterised only by constructional features of particular parts
- B23D41/08—Broaching machines or broaching devices characterised only by constructional features of particular parts of drives; of control devices
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- Milling, Broaching, Filing, Reaming, And Others (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a tool clamp for broaching a thin-wall annular workpiece, which is used for clamping the annular workpiece so as to ensure that a cutter can carry out broaching on the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece, and comprises the following components: the whole mould is annular; the auxiliary clamp pads are two, are correspondingly annular, are positioned on the inner side of the clamping fixture and are arranged at intervals in the thickness direction of the clamping fixture, so that an annular assembly cavity with an inward opening is defined by the auxiliary clamp pads and the inner wall of the clamping fixture together, and an annular workpiece to be processed is assembled in the annular assembly cavity. The fixture can wrap the upper end face and the lower end face and the outer circular face of the annular workpiece, so that the annular workpiece is firmly clamped, the problem that the annular workpiece deforms in the broaching process is effectively solved, the rejection rate is reduced, and the production cost is saved. In the preferred scheme, the two auxiliary clamp pads are made of free-cutting materials, so that the tool is well buffered and protected, and the service life of the broach is effectively prolonged. Also relates to a broaching workbench and a broaching method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of broaching machines, in particular to a tool clamp for broaching a thin-wall annular workpiece, a broaching workbench and a broaching method.
Background
Aviation parts such as disc type workpieces (such as turbine discs) or annular thin-wall type workpieces have special requirements on high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and the parts are made of materials which are difficult to machine, such as stainless steel (2Cr13), titanium alloy, high-temperature nickel-based alloy and the like. The traditional process of the inner tenon and mortise of the annular thin-wall workpiece on the aircraft engine generally adopts the traditional processes of slotting, planing, milling and the like for processing and forming, the slotting, planing and milling are single-tooth and single-edge cutting, the cutter is easy to wear, the cutter loss is large, the workpiece is frequently impacted, the toughness and resilience of the workpiece are large, and the qualification rate of the workpiece is low.
Because the annular thin-wall workpiece is difficult to process, if the annular thin-wall workpiece cannot be effectively clamped and is directly impacted by a broach at a high speed, the annular thin-wall workpiece is easy to deform, so that the rejection rate of the workpiece is high; secondly, the broach directly performs broaching on the annular thin-walled workpiece, so that the cutter is relatively high in abrasion, and the service life of the cutter is greatly shortened; moreover, for the broaching of the annular thin-wall workpiece, particularly in the high-speed broaching process, more burrs are easily generated on two end faces of the annular workpiece, and the subsequent manual deburring is needed, so that a large amount of labor cost is occupied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the first technical problem and provide a tool clamp for broaching a thin-wall annular workpiece, which can effectively avoid the deformation problem of the workpiece in the broaching process and reduce the rejection rate aiming at the current situation of the prior art.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a tool clamp for broaching a thin-wall annular workpiece, which can effectively reduce the abrasion problem of a cutter and prolong the service life of the cutter, aiming at the current situation of the prior art.
The third technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a tool clamp for broaching the thin-wall annular workpiece, which can effectively solve the problems that burrs are generated in the broaching process of the annular workpiece and the burrs need to be removed again, and further reduce the production cost.
A fourth technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a broaching table with the above-mentioned tool clamp in view of the current situation of the prior art
A fifth technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a broaching method using the above broaching table, in view of the current situation of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the first technical problem is as follows: the utility model provides a thin wall class annular workpiece frock clamp for broaching for carry out the clamping to annular workpiece, carry out broaching to the internal face of annular workpiece for the cutter, include:
the whole mould is annular;
the auxiliary clamping pads are two and correspondingly annular, are positioned on the inner side of the clamping fixture and are arranged at intervals in the thickness direction of the clamping fixture, so that an annular assembly cavity with an inward opening is defined by the auxiliary clamping pads and the inner wall of the clamping fixture together, and an annular workpiece to be processed is assembled in the annular assembly cavity.
In order to realize the firm assembly of the two auxiliary clamping pads and the clamping fixture, a first annular step and a second annular step are sequentially arranged on the inner wall surface of the clamping fixture from top to bottom along the thickness direction of the inner wall surface, wherein the caliber of the first annular step is larger than that of the second annular step, the two auxiliary clamping pads are respectively a first clamping pad and a second clamping pad, the first clamping pad is arranged on the first annular step and is attached to the upper end surface of an annular workpiece to be processed, and the second clamping pad is arranged on the second annular step and is attached to the lower end surface of the annular workpiece to be processed.
In order to simplify the structure of the tool clamp and realize firm clamping of a workpiece, at least two first connecting holes are sequentially arranged on the step surface of a first annular step of the clamping fixture at intervals along the circumferential direction of the step surface, and the first clamping pad is connected with the first connecting holes of the clamping fixture through first bolts.
In order to realize accurate positioning of the annular workpiece in the radial direction, the annular workpiece machining fixture further comprises a bushing which is positioned on the inner side of the clamping fixture and correspondingly positioned between the first clamping pad and the second clamping pad, and the inner diameter of the bushing is matched with the outer diameter of the annular workpiece to be machined.
In order to connect the tool clamp with the broaching workbench conveniently and ensure that a certain moving space is reserved for the cutter in the broaching process, the problem that the cutter is interfered by other parts is avoided, the tool clamp further comprises an annular cushion table, and the clamping fixture is connected to the annular cushion table and is arranged coaxially with the annular cushion table. The annular cushion table can heighten a workpiece, and avoids the problem that the cutter interferes with other parts in the moving process.
In order to connect the mould with the annular cushion table, a third annular step which is arranged radially inwards is arranged on the lower end face of the mould, the mould is placed on the upper end face of the annular cushion table through a first side face of the third annular step, and the mould is abutted against the inner wall face of the annular cushion table through a second side face of the third annular step.
The technical solution adopted to solve any one of the second technical problem and the third technical problem in the present invention is: at least the auxiliary clamping pad facing to the cutting feed direction of the cutter is made of a free-cutting material, and the inner wall surface of the auxiliary clamping pad is flush with the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece to be machined or protrudes towards the center relative to the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece to be machined, so that the auxiliary clamping pad covers the area to be machined of the annular workpiece in the broaching direction of the cutter.
The two auxiliary clamp pads clamp the annular workpiece in the middle, wherein the auxiliary clamp pads at least facing the feeding direction of the cutter in the two auxiliary clamp pads are made of a free-cutting material, when broaching is carried out, the broaching tool is firstly in contact with the inner wall of the auxiliary clamp pad facing the feeding direction of the cutter to carry out broaching, and then is in contact with the annular workpiece (which is a material difficult to machine relatively) to carry out broaching machining, and the structural design has a good buffer protection effect on the cutter, so that the service life of the broaching tool is effectively prolonged.
As an improvement, the two auxiliary clamp pads are made of nodular cast iron materials, and the inner wall surfaces of the two auxiliary clamp pads are flush with the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece to be machined or protrude towards the center relative to the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece to be machined. The annular workpiece is clamped between the two auxiliary clamping pads and can be tightly attached to the side walls of the two auxiliary clamping pads, and the problems of burr generation and deformation of the workpiece in the broaching machining process can be effectively solved. The two auxiliary clamping pads are disposable clamp parts, when the broaching of the workpiece clamped in the middle is finished, the two auxiliary clamping pads also finish the mission of the workpiece, and when a new annular workpiece is processed, the two auxiliary clamping pads are replaced simultaneously. It is conceivable that the two auxiliary clamping pads are not limited to be made of ductile iron, and other materials with good cutting performance, such as nylon or bakelite, may also be used.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the fourth technical problem is as follows: the utility model provides an use above-mentioned frock clamp's broaching workstation, includes:
the fixing base is provided with an arc-shaped notch, the inner wall surface of the arc-shaped notch is a cylindrical surface with a C-shaped cross section, and a first sliding rail consistent with the bending direction of the arc-shaped notch is arranged on the inner wall of the arc-shaped notch;
the arc-shaped sliding seat is slidably mounted in the first sliding rail of the fixed base and can be locked with the fixed base in the sliding process of the first sliding rail, an indexing rotary table is arranged on the arc-shaped sliding seat, and the tooling fixture is arranged on the indexing rotary table.
The broaching workbench is characterized in that a tool clamp is assembled on an arc sliding seat, the arc sliding seat can swing along a first sliding rail of a fixed base, so that the angle between the axis of the annular workpiece and the broaching direction (the moving direction of a broaching tool) can be adjusted, and the broaching processing of the annular workpiece with the tooth profile or the groove profile and the inclination angle is realized.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the fifth technical problem is as follows: a broaching method using the broaching working table comprises the following steps:
s1, clamping the annular workpiece to be machined on a tool clamp of the broaching workbench;
s2, sliding the arc slide carriage of the broaching working table to a preset position along a first slide rail of the fixed base, and then locking the arc slide carriage on the fixed base through a first locking mechanism;
s3, the slide carriage is driven to drive the cutter to sequentially broach the first clamping pad of the tool fixture, the annular workpiece and the second clamping pad of the tool fixture, after broaching machining of one tooth groove of the annular workpiece is completed, the indexing rotary table acts to drive the annular workpiece to rotate around the axis of the annular workpiece to index, and then broaching machining of the next tooth groove of the annular workpiece is continued.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the tool clamp is formed by matching the clamping fixture and two auxiliary clamping cushions arranged on the inner side of the clamping fixture, wherein the two auxiliary clamping cushions are arranged at intervals in the thickness direction of the clamping fixture, so that an annular assembly cavity with an inward opening is defined by the two auxiliary clamping cushions and the inner wall of the clamping fixture together, and an annular workpiece to be processed can be assembled in the annular assembly cavity. In the preferred scheme, at least the auxiliary clamp pad facing the tool feeding direction of the tool in the two auxiliary clamp pads is made of a free-cutting material, and when broaching is performed, the tool (broach) is firstly in contact with the inner wall of the auxiliary clamp pad facing the tool feeding direction of the tool for broaching and then is in contact with an annular workpiece (which is a relatively difficult-to-machine material) for broaching.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a side view of a vertical type external broaching machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front perspective view of the vertical type external broaching machine according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of a broaching station of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side perspective view of a broaching station of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a broaching station in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a main driving mechanism of a cutter of the vertical type external broaching machine according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a tooling fixture according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a partial schematic view of the structure of FIG. 7 (with the annular workpiece hidden);
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of an annular workpiece according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an axial cross-sectional view of an annular workpiece according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and to simplify the description, but are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and that the directional terms are used for purposes of illustration and are not to be construed as limiting, for example, because the disclosed embodiments of the present invention may be oriented in different directions, "lower" is not necessarily limited to a direction opposite to or coincident with the direction of gravity. Furthermore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
Referring to fig. 1-10, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, a thin-walled annular workpiece 10 is provided, and an inner wall surface of the workpiece has a mortise, wherein the mortise has an inclination angle with respect to an axis of the annular workpiece 10, and an angle α in fig. 10 is an inclination angle of the mortise; in addition, the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece 10 is a conical surface, and has a certain taper angle relative to the axis of the annular workpiece 10, and the angle β in fig. 10 is the taper angle of the mortise of the annular workpiece 10. The present embodiment provides the tool holder 20, the broaching table, and the vertical external broaching machine, which are used for broaching the mortise of the annular workpiece 10 of the above-described type.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the vertical external broaching machine for broaching the inner mortise of the annular workpiece comprises a base 40, a bed 41, a slide carriage 42, a cutter 43 and a broaching working table.
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, the base 40 of the present embodiment is a T-shaped structure for placing the bed 41 and the broaching table thereon, wherein the bed 41 is located at the rear portion of the base 40, and the broaching table is located at the front portion of the base 40.
Referring to fig. 2, the bed 41 is vertically disposed on the base 40. The bed body 41 is provided with a slide carriage 42 capable of moving up and down, and the slide carriage 42 is provided with a cutter 43. Specifically, the top of the bed 41 is provided with a main driving mechanism for driving the carriage 42 to reciprocate up and down, the main driving mechanism is preferably a main driving motor 44, and the main driving motor 44 is connected with the carriage 42 through a braking device 45, a speed reducing device 46, a coupling 47 and a ball screw pair 48 in sequence. When the main driving motor 44 is operated, the slide carriage 42 can drive the cutter 43 to reciprocate up and down relative to the broaching table (on which the annular workpiece 10 to be broached is disposed) located at the lower part, thereby realizing broaching of the annular workpiece 10, as shown in detail in fig. 6. Wherein the broaching direction of the slide carriage 42 and the cutter 43 is the Z-axis direction shown in fig. 2.
The broaching table of this embodiment is disposed on the base 40 and is located below the carriage 42 of the bed 41.
Referring to fig. 3 and 5, the broaching station of the present embodiment includes a fixed base 31, an arc-shaped slide 32, a first driving mechanism, a first locking mechanism 35, a transverse feeding device 50, a longitudinal feeding device 60, and a work fixture 20.
Referring to fig. 3, the fixing base 31 is disposed on the base 40, and has a square shape as a whole, and an arc-shaped notch 310 is formed at the top thereof, and an inner wall surface of the arc-shaped notch 310 is a cylindrical surface with a C-shaped cross section and an upward opening. The arc-shaped notch 310 of the present embodiment penetrates both front and rear side walls of the fixed base 31 to form a through groove having an axis direction coincident with a moving direction of the longitudinal feeding device 60 described below.
Referring to fig. 3, the inner wall of the arc-shaped notch 310 is provided with a first slide rail 311, the first slide rail 311 is arc-shaped and specifically extends along the inner wall surface of the arc-shaped notch 310, and the bending direction of the first slide rail 311 is the same as the bending direction of the arc-shaped notch 310. The arc-shaped sliding seat 32 is slidably disposed on the first sliding rail 311 of the fixed base 31. The first slide rails 311 of the present embodiment may be provided with two or more than two and arranged at intervals along the axial direction (i.e. the length direction) of the arc-shaped slot 310, so as to improve the arc shape
Referring to fig. 3, the arc-shaped sliding base 32 is slidably connected to the first sliding rail 311 of the fixed base 31. The outer wall of the annular slide of this embodiment is C-shaped in cross-section to fit the inner wall of the arcuate slot 310. The sliding direction of the arc slider 32 is the B-axis direction shown in fig. 3.
Referring to fig. 4, the first driving mechanism is disposed on the fixed base 31, and a power acting end of the first driving mechanism is connected to the arc-shaped sliding seat 32, so as to drive the arc-shaped sliding seat 32 to slide along the first sliding rail 311 in a reciprocating manner.
Referring to fig. 4, the first driving mechanism includes a first motor 33 and a gear assembly 34. The first motor 33 is disposed on the fixed base 31, and an output shaft thereof is connected to the gear assembly 34. The gear assembly 34 is disposed between the fixed base 31 and the arc slide 32, and specifically, a sector-shaped gear ring is disposed on an outer wall of the arc slide 32, and the gear assembly 34 is engaged with the sector-shaped gear ring, thereby constituting a power output end of the first driving mechanism. When the first motor 33 is operated, power is transmitted through the gear assembly 34 and the sector-shaped ring gear, so that the arc-shaped sliding seat 32 is driven to move along the first sliding rail 311.
Referring to fig. 4, a first locking mechanism 35 is disposed between the fixed base 31 and the arc slide 32, and is used for locking the arc slide 32 with the fixed base 31 when sliding along the first slide rail 311 to any angle position. The first locking mechanism 35 of the present embodiment can adopt an electrically controlled or hydraulically controlled locking structure in the prior art, which is not described herein.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the lateral feeding device 50 includes a lateral driving mechanism 51 and a lateral slide table 52. The lateral direction of the present embodiment can be understood as a left-right direction of the base 40, such as an X-axis direction shown in fig. 2. The transverse driving mechanism 51 of the present embodiment is disposed on the base 40, and may be preferably a servo motor, and a power output end of the servo motor is connected to the transverse sliding table 52, so as to drive the transverse sliding table 52 to move along the transverse direction of the base 40. Specifically, a slide rail may be disposed between the bottom of the transverse sliding table 52 and the base 40, and a ball screw may be used between the servo motor and the transverse sliding table 52 for driving. When the transverse driving mechanism 51 acts, the fixing base 31 arranged on the transverse sliding table 52 can be driven to reciprocate along the transverse direction of the base 40, so that the annular workpiece 10 to be machined on the broaching working table is moved to the broaching station, and after the machining is finished, the finished product is transferred out of the broaching station, and the loading and unloading process of the workpiece is finished.
A second locking mechanism (not shown) is provided between the lateral slide table 52 and the base 40 for locking the lateral slide table 52 to the base 40. The second locking mechanism of this embodiment may also adopt an electrically controlled or hydraulically controlled locking structure in the prior art, which is not described herein.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the longitudinal feeding device 60 includes a longitudinal driving mechanism 61 and a longitudinal sliding table 62 slidably disposed on the arc-shaped sliding base 32. The lateral direction of the present embodiment can be understood as the front-rear direction of the base 40, that is, the axial direction of the arc-shaped notch 310 of the fixed base 31, as shown in the Y-axis direction in fig. 1. The power output end of the longitudinal driving mechanism 61 is connected to the longitudinal sliding table 62, so that the longitudinal sliding table 62 is driven to move along the longitudinal direction of the base 40. Similarly, a slide rail may be disposed between the bottom of the longitudinal slide table 62 and the arc slide 32, and a ball screw may be used for driving between the longitudinal driving mechanism 61 and the transverse slide 52. The longitudinal feeding device 60 is also used for facilitating the loading and unloading of the workpiece.
The longitudinal driving mechanism 61 is preferably a servomotor. The servo motor is correspondingly arranged on the arc-shaped sliding seat 32.
And a third locking mechanism 63 arranged between the longitudinal sliding table 62 and the arc sliding base 32 and used for locking the longitudinal sliding table 62 on the arc sliding base 32. The third locking mechanism 63 of the present embodiment can also adopt an electrically controlled or hydraulically controlled locking structure in the prior art, which is not described herein.
The tool clamp 20 is used for fixing the annular workpiece 10 to be broached, and is arranged on the longitudinal sliding table 62 and can reciprocate along with the longitudinal sliding table 62 and transversely reciprocate along with the transverse sliding table 52. More specifically, since the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece 10 needs to be sequentially broached to process a plurality of mortises, in order to realize the rotary indexing of the annular workpiece 10, the longitudinal sliding table 62 is provided with an indexing turntable 70 having a locking function, and the tool clamp 20 is correspondingly arranged on the indexing turntable 70. Here, the C-axis direction as shown in fig. 5 is a rotation direction of the index table 70.
Referring to fig. 7 and 9, the tool holder 20 includes a jig 21, an auxiliary clamp pad, a bush 25, and an annular pad table 24. The clamping fixture 21, the auxiliary clamping pad and the annular pad table 24 are correspondingly annular.
Referring to fig. 8, the auxiliary clamping pads of the present embodiment are two, and are specifically located on the inner side of the mold 21 and spaced apart in the thickness direction of the mold 21, so as to define an annular assembly cavity 200 with an inward opening together with the inner wall of the mold 21. Wherein the annular workpiece 10 to be machined is fitted in the annular fitting chamber 200.
Referring to fig. 8, in order to realize the reliable assembly of the two auxiliary clamping pads and the mold 21, a first annular step 211 and a second annular step 212 are sequentially formed on the inner wall surface of the mold 21 from top to bottom along the thickness direction thereof, wherein the caliber of the first annular step 211 is larger than that of the second annular step 212, so that the first annular step 211 and the second annular step 212 divide the inner wall surface of the mold 21 into a first annular wall 214, a second annular wall 215 and a third annular wall 216 from top to bottom along the thickness direction thereof, wherein the inner diameters of the first annular wall 214, the second annular wall 215 and the third annular wall 216 are sequentially reduced.
Referring to fig. 7, the two auxiliary nip pads of the present embodiment are a first nip pad 22 and a second nip pad 23, respectively. The first clamping pad 22 is arranged on the first annular step 211 and is attached to the upper end face of the annular workpiece 10 to be machined. The second clamping pad 23 is arranged on the second annular step 212 and is attached to the lower end face of the annular workpiece 10 to be machined.
Referring to fig. 8, at least two first connection holes 26 are sequentially arranged on the step surface of the first annular step 211 of the clamping fixture 21 of the embodiment at intervals along the circumferential direction. The first clamping pad 22 is connected to the first connecting hole 26 of the clamping fixture 21 by a first bolt 27.
Referring to fig. 8, the annular pad 24 serves as an auxiliary member for connection with the above-described jig 21. Specifically, the lower end face of the mold 21 has a third annular step 213 opening radially inward, and the mold 21 rests on the upper end face of the annular cushion table 24 through a first side face of the third annular step 213 and abuts against the inner wall face of the annular cushion table 24 through a second side face of the third annular step 213. More specifically, the jig 21 is connected to the upper end of the annular bed 24 by a second bolt 29. At least two second connecting holes 28 are sequentially arranged on the upper end surface of the annular cushion table 24 at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular cushion table, a through hole 217 penetrating through the mold 21 up and down is formed corresponding to each second connecting hole 28, and each second bolt 29 is connected to the corresponding second connecting hole 28 through the corresponding through hole 217. The annular cushion table 24 can be set to a corresponding height according to the up-down movement displacement of the actual tool 43 in the broaching process, so that the tool 43 is ensured to have a certain moving space in the broaching process of the annular workpiece 10 assembled on the tool clamp 20, and the problem of interference between the tool 43 and other parts is avoided.
Referring to fig. 8, in order to achieve precise positioning of the annular workpiece 10 in the radial direction, a bushing 25 is further included inside the mold 21, correspondingly between the first clamping pad 22 and the second clamping pad 23. Specifically, the bush 25 of the present embodiment substantially corresponds to the thickness of the annular workpiece 10 or is slightly smaller than the thickness of the annular workpiece 10, and the shape and inner diameter of the inner wall of the bush 25 match the shape and outer diameter of the outer wall of the annular workpiece 10 to be machined.
Referring to fig. 1 and 7, an important point of the present invention is that broaching of a ring-shaped workpiece 10 having a tapered angle of its inner tooth groove (inner dovetail groove 100) is performed by providing an angle plate 71, the angle plate 71 is provided on an index table 70 on an arc-shaped slide base 32, the angle plate 71 is annular as a whole, and an upper end surface of the angle plate 71 is an inclined surface (i.e., the angle plate is triangular when viewed from the side). The annular cushion table 24 of the tooling fixture 20 is connected to the upper end surface of the angle plate 71, and the axis of the annular workpiece 10 to be machined, which is fixed by the tooling fixture 20, intersects with the vertical plane in which the sliding direction of the arc-shaped sliding seat 32 is located. In this embodiment, the angle plate 71 is preferably disposed at a position where the lowest position of the upper end surface of the angle plate 71 is located right behind and the highest position of the upper end surface of the angle plate 71 is located right ahead, so that a vertical plane where a connection line between the lowest point and the highest point of the upper end surface of the angle plate 71 is located is perpendicular to a vertical plane where the sliding direction of the arc-shaped slide carriage 32 is located, thereby improving the stability of the broaching process of the annular workpiece 10, as shown in fig. 1 in detail.
Referring to fig. 7, another important point of the present invention is that at least one of the two auxiliary pads of the tool holder 20 facing the feeding direction of the tool 43 (i.e., the first pad 22 located above in the present embodiment) is made of a free-cutting material, preferably a ductile iron material having an oil-storing function, wherein, after the annular workpiece 10 to be machined is assembled in place, the inner wall surface of the first pad 22 is flush with the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece 10 to be machined or protrudes toward the center position relative to the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece 10 to be machined, so that the auxiliary pad covers the area to be machined of the annular workpiece 10 in the broaching direction of the tool 43. Therefore, when broaching, the broaching tool is firstly contacted with the inner wall of the auxiliary clamp pad (the first clamp pad 22) facing the feeding direction of the tool 43 to perform broaching, and then contacted with the annular workpiece 10 (which is a relatively difficult-to-machine material) to perform broaching, and the structural design has a good buffer protection effect on the tool 43, so that the service life of the broaching tool is effectively prolonged. It is conceivable that the two auxiliary clamping pads are not limited to be made of ductile iron, and other materials with good cutting performance, such as nylon or bakelite, may also be used.
Referring to fig. 7, preferably, the two auxiliary pads are made of ductile cast iron, and inner wall surfaces of the two auxiliary pads are flush with an inner wall surface of the annular workpiece 10 to be machined or protrude toward a central position relative to the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece 10 to be machined. Because the annular workpiece 10 is clamped between the two auxiliary clamping pads, the annular workpiece can be tightly clamped and attached to the side walls of the two auxiliary clamping pads, and thus the problems of burr generation and deformation of the workpiece in the broaching process can be effectively solved. The two auxiliary clamping pads are disposable clamp parts, when the annular workpiece 10 clamped in the middle is subjected to broaching, the two auxiliary clamping pads also complete the mission of the annular workpiece, and when a new annular workpiece 10 is processed, the two auxiliary clamping pads are replaced simultaneously.
The broaching working table of the embodiment can be suitable for a vertical broaching machine and a horizontal broaching machine so as to carry out broaching processing on thin-wall annular workpieces. The broaching method using the tool holder 20 and the broaching table of the present embodiment is described below by taking a vertical broaching machine as an example, and specifically includes the following steps:
s1, assembling an angle plate 71 with a corresponding specification on an indexing turntable 70 of the broaching workbench, assembling a tool clamp 20 on the angle plate 71, and clamping the annular workpiece 10 to be machined on the tool clamp 20;
s2, the clamped annular workpiece 10 on the tool clamp 20 is shifted to a broaching station through the transverse feeding device 50 and the longitudinal feeding device 60, and the broaching working table is locked relative to the base 40;
s3, starting the first driving mechanism, driving the arc slide 32 to slide to a preset position along the first slide rail 311, so that a first included angle is formed between the axis of the annular workpiece 10 fixed on the tooling fixture 20 and the vertical direction, and then locking the arc slide 32 on the fixed base 31 through the first locking mechanism 35, thereby completing the feeding process;
s4, driving the slide carriage 42 to move downwards to drive the cutter 43 to sequentially broach the first clamping pad 22 of the tool clamp 20, the annular workpiece 10 and the second clamping pad 23 of the tool clamp 20, and after broaching of one inner mortise 100 of the annular workpiece 10 is completed, longitudinally feeding the materialsBackward movement The slide carriage 42 moves upwards to drive the cutter 43 to reset upwards after avoiding the cutter;
s5, the indexing turntable 70 acts to drive the annular workpiece 10 to rotate around the axis thereof for indexing, and after the indexing is finished, the step S4 is repeated;
and S6, after the broaching of all the inner mortises 100 of the annular workpiece 10 is finished, the slide carriage 42 moves upwards to drive the cutter 43 to reset upwards, and the transverse feeding device 50 and the longitudinal feeding device 60 act to drive the annular workpiece 10 after the broaching to be away from the broaching station, so that the blanking process is finished.
The tooling clamp 20 is formed by matching the clamping fixture 21 with two auxiliary clamping pads arranged on the inner side of the clamping fixture 21, wherein the two auxiliary clamping pads are arranged at intervals in the thickness direction of the clamping fixture 21, so that an annular assembly cavity 200 with an inward opening is defined by the two auxiliary clamping pads and the inner wall of the clamping fixture 21, and an annular workpiece 10 to be machined can be assembled in the annular assembly cavity 200, so that the tooling clamp 20 can wrap the upper end surface, the lower end surface and the outer circular surface of the annular workpiece 10, the annular workpiece 10 is firmly clamped, the deformation problem of the annular workpiece 10 in the broaching process is effectively avoided, the rejection rate is reduced, and the production cost is saved. In a preferred scheme, at least the auxiliary clamp pad facing the feeding direction of the tool 43 in the two auxiliary clamp pads is made of a free-cutting material, and when broaching is performed, the broaching tool is firstly in contact with the inner wall of the auxiliary clamp pad facing the feeding direction of the tool 43 to perform broaching, and then is in contact with the annular workpiece 10 (which is a relatively difficult-to-machine material) to perform broaching, so that the structural design has a good buffer protection effect on the tool 43, and the service life of the broaching tool is effectively prolonged.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a frock clamp for broaching of thin wall class annular workpiece for carry out the clamping to annular workpiece (10), for the cutter carries out broaching to the internal face of annular workpiece (10), its characterized in that includes:
a clamping fixture (21) which is annular as a whole;
the auxiliary clamping pads are two and correspondingly annular, are positioned on the inner side of the clamping fixture (21), and are arranged at intervals in the thickness direction of the clamping fixture (21), so that an annular assembling cavity (200) with an inward opening is defined by the auxiliary clamping pads and the inner wall of the clamping fixture (21), and an annular workpiece (10) to be processed is assembled in the annular assembling cavity (200);
at least the auxiliary clamping pad facing to the cutting feed direction of the cutter (43) is made of a free-cutting material, and the inner wall surface of the auxiliary clamping pad is flush with the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece (10) to be machined or protrudes towards the central position relative to the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece (10) to be machined, so that the auxiliary clamping pad covers the area to be machined of the annular workpiece (10) in the broaching direction of the cutter (43).
2. The tool clamp for broaching the thin-wall annular workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: a first annular step (211) and a second annular step (212) are sequentially arranged on the inner wall surface of the clamping fixture (21) from top to bottom along the thickness direction of the inner wall surface, wherein the caliber of the first annular step (211) is larger than that of the second annular step (212), the two auxiliary clamping pads are respectively a first clamping pad (22) and a second clamping pad (23), the first clamping pad (22) is arranged on the first annular step (211) and is attached to the upper end surface of an annular workpiece (10) to be machined, and the second clamping pad (23) is arranged on the second annular step (212) and is attached to the lower end surface of the annular workpiece (10) to be machined.
3. The tool clamp for broaching the thin-wall annular workpiece according to claim 2, characterized in that: the first annular step (211) of mould (21) is gone up and is equipped with two at least first connecting hole (26) along its circumference interval in proper order on the step face, first clamp pad (22) are connected with first connecting hole (26) of above-mentioned mould (21) through first bolt (27).
4. The tool clamp for broaching the thin-wall annular workpiece according to claim 3, characterized in that: the fixture further comprises a bushing (25) located on the inner side of the clamping fixture (21), the bushing (25) is correspondingly located between the first clamping pad (22) and the second clamping pad (23), and the inner diameter of the bushing (25) is matched with the outer diameter of the annular workpiece (10) to be machined.
5. The tool clamp for broaching the thin-wall annular workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mould is characterized by further comprising an annular cushion table (24), wherein the mould (21) is connected to the annular cushion table (24) and is arranged coaxially with the annular cushion table (24).
6. The tool clamp for broaching the thin-wall annular workpiece according to claim 5, characterized in that: the lower end face of the mould (21) is provided with a third annular step (213) which is arranged radially inwards, the mould (21) is placed on the upper end face of the annular cushion table (24) through a first side face of the third annular step (213), and is abutted against the inner wall face of the annular cushion table (24) through a second side face of the third annular step (213).
7. The tool clamp for broaching the thin-wall annular workpiece according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the two auxiliary clamp pads are made of nodular cast iron materials, and the inner wall surfaces of the two auxiliary clamp pads are flush with the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece (10) to be machined or protrude towards the center relative to the inner wall surface of the annular workpiece (10) to be machined.
8. A broaching table to which a tool holder for broaching a thin-walled annular workpiece according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is applied, comprising:
the fixing base (31) is provided with an arc-shaped notch (310), the inner wall surface of the arc-shaped notch (310) is a cylindrical surface with a C-shaped cross section, and a first sliding rail (311) consistent with the bending direction of the arc-shaped notch (310) is arranged on the inner wall of the arc-shaped notch (310);
arc slide (32), slidable mounting in on first slide rail (311) of fixed baseplate (31) to can be along first slide rail (311) slip in-process with fixed baseplate (31) locking, be equipped with indexing turntable (70) on arc slide (32), frock clamp (20) locate indexing turntable (70) on.
9. A broaching method using the broaching station as recited in claim 8, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, clamping the annular workpiece (10) to be machined on a tool clamp (20) of the broaching working table;
s2, sliding the arc sliding seat (32) of the broaching working table to a preset position along a first sliding rail (311) of the fixed base (31), and then locking the arc sliding seat (32) on the fixed base (31) through a first locking mechanism (35);
s3, the slide carriage (42) is driven to drive the cutter (43) to sequentially broach the first clamping pad (22) of the tool fixture (20), the annular workpiece (10) and the second clamping pad (23) of the tool fixture (20), after broaching machining of one tooth groove of the annular workpiece (10) is completed, the indexing rotary table (70) acts to drive the annular workpiece (10) to rotate around the axis of the annular workpiece (10) for indexing, and then broaching machining of the next tooth groove of the annular workpiece (10) is continued.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110119346.3A CN112692365B (en) | 2021-01-28 | 2021-01-28 | Tool clamp for broaching thin-wall annular workpiece, broaching workbench and broaching method |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110119346.3A CN112692365B (en) | 2021-01-28 | 2021-01-28 | Tool clamp for broaching thin-wall annular workpiece, broaching workbench and broaching method |
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| CN112692365A CN112692365A (en) | 2021-04-23 |
| CN112692365B true CN112692365B (en) | 2021-12-21 |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114850896B (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-09-09 | 江苏雷鸣智能装备有限公司 | Workbench for milling |
| CN115780893A (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-03-14 | 成都和鸿科技股份有限公司 | Broaching machining method and clamp for mortise of thin-wall disc part |
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| CN112692365A (en) | 2021-04-23 |
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Denomination of invention: Fixture, broaching table and broaching method for thin-walled annular workpiece broaching Effective date of registration: 20220815 Granted publication date: 20211221 Pledgee: Zhejiang Hengjin Financial Leasing Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: ZHEJIANG CHR INTELLIGENT EQUIPMENT Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2022980012584 |