CN116983982A - 一种抗硫抗水催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗硫抗水催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116983982A CN116983982A CN202310937428.8A CN202310937428A CN116983982A CN 116983982 A CN116983982 A CN 116983982A CN 202310937428 A CN202310937428 A CN 202310937428A CN 116983982 A CN116983982 A CN 116983982A
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- cerium
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- sulfur
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical group [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitrate Chemical group [Zr+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002603 lanthanum Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003746 yttrium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-5-sulfonyl chloride Chemical group S1C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C(C)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical group [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WEHPWQFUPSIJQG-UHFFFAOYSA-H [Na].Cl[Rh](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl Chemical compound [Na].Cl[Rh](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl WEHPWQFUPSIJQG-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GHLITDDQOMIBFS-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);tricarbonate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O GHLITDDQOMIBFS-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;oxozirconium Chemical compound [Zr]=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RGRFMLCXNGPERX-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxozirconium(2+) carbonate Chemical compound [Zr+2]=O.[O-]C([O-])=O RGRFMLCXNGPERX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxozirconium;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.[Zr]=O CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 5
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002492 Ce(NO3)3·6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical group [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].[Ce] RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8603—Removing sulfur compounds
- B01D53/8609—Sulfur oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/83—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/894—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J33/00—Protection of catalysts, e.g. by coating
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
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- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
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- B01D2258/025—Other waste gases from metallurgy plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多元铈基复合氧化物,成分包括:铈、锆、镧、钇和M金属;制备方法:(1)称取混合后溶解;(2)加热后加入碱溶液;(3)搅拌后加热反应,静置陈化,过滤,洗涤;干燥,焙烧,即得。本发明还公开了一种抗硫抗水催化剂,原料包括:多元铈基复合氧化物、活性组分和氧化铝;制备方法:(1)称取;(2)先将可溶性活性组分盐溶于水中,然后加入多元铈基复合氧化物,搅拌,反应,干燥,焙烧;(3)和氧化铝混合,球磨,焙烧,即得。本发明多元铈基催化剂对尾气废气排放中各种气体成分催化燃烧具有非常好的效果,同时也具有抗水耐硫特性,并在提高催化活性的同时降低了催化剂成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及冶金烟气催化剂技术领域,更具体的说是涉及一种多元铈基复合氧化物、抗硫抗水催化剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
各行各业对于废气的治理一直都是行业内的痛点。冶金企业由于目前使用的主流冶金方法主要是火法,燃烧的煤将会产生大量的污染烟气如HC,NOx,CO,SO2等,并且不同的冶炼设备又会进一步产生成分含量不同的废烟气(如高炉尾气,焦炉尾气等),这些气体如果直接排放进大气将会造成严重的环境问题。
但是,传统的燃烧型催化剂只能针对烟气中的某一成分进行催化降解,并且有运转周期短,不抗水,可持续性差,有效催化温度范围窄等缺点。此外,烟气中含有的微量硫会大大降低催化剂的活性,缩短其使用寿命。所以,如何提高催化剂的耐硫性也是净化催化剂领域的研究热点和难点。
现有技术中已经有很多关于抗水及耐硫催化剂的发明,如,发明专利CN106268790B公开了一种抗水热老化及耐硫IrPdPt/IrPd催化剂及其制备方法与应用,发明专利CN116196920A公开了一种具有耐硫性能负载Pt整体式催化剂的制备方法、负载Pt整体式催化剂以及应用。以上两个专利均是从各方面阐述了如何提升抗水耐硫的研究,但是并没有从催化剂的关键材料载体入手去解决问题。
因此,如何研究开发出一种抗水、热老化性能更高、耐久性更好,且具备良好耐硫性的新型催化剂以满足日益严格的排放要求,是本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种多元铈基复合氧化物、抗硫抗水催化剂及其制备方法和应用,以解决现有技术中的不足。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种多元铈基复合氧化物,成分包括:摩尔比为(80-20):(80-20):(10-0):(10-0):(10-0)的铈、锆、镧、钇和M金属;其中,M金属为铜、银、钴、镍和锰中的至少一种。
本发明中,铈(Ce)被氧化后形成的CeO2具有萤石结构,该结构能提供优异的储存、释放氧气的性能。CeO2还具有一定的储硫性能,因此它的掺入还能提高催化剂的抗硫中毒性能。铈在富氧的状态下,会有大量的CeO2存在于催化剂表面,酸性气体SO2就会很容易物理吸附在呈碱性的CeO2表面形成Ce(SO3)2,从而起到了储存硫的作用。
锆(Zr)是一种惰性物质,并不能储存和释放氧气,但调控铈与锆的相对比例(x=0.2~0.8)可以形成铈锆固溶体(CexZr1-xO2),CexZr1-xO2中会有更多的面心立方缺陷(氧空位),而氧离子在晶体中的扩散就是借助氧空位实现的。
镧(La)作为γ-Al2O3的稳定剂,能抑制γ-Al2O3的高温相变行为,提高相变温度。这就能保持催化剂的比表面稳定,从而保证贵金属分散程度不会发生大的变化,避免了因长期处于较高温度下贵金属的大面积迁移、团聚,引发气固有效接触面积迅速减小的问题。
钇(Y)也能溶入CexZr1-xO2中形成CeO2-ZrO2-Y2O3复合氧化物固溶体体系(Y的含量在0.1mol-0.25mol)。通过实验研究,发现微量Y3+的掺入,能使CexZr1-xO2体相中产生更多的氧空位,有利于体相晶格氧的迁移,使固溶体在低温(<300℃)下的氧迁移扩散能力得到了进一步的提高。
进一步,上述铈、锆、镧、钇和M金属的摩尔比为40:50:5:5:3;M金属为银或镍。
更进一步,上述多元铈基复合氧化物为Ce0.4Zr0.5La0.05Y0.05Ni0.03O1.98或Ce0.4Zr0.5La0.05Y0.05Ag0.03O1.965。
一种多元铈基复合氧化物的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)按上述铈、锆、镧、钇和M金属的摩尔比对应称取可溶性铈盐、可溶性锆盐、可溶性镧盐、可溶性钇盐和可溶性M金属盐,混合后加水溶解,得到混合溶液A;
(2)将混合溶液A加热后加入碱溶液,得到混合溶液B;
(3)将混合溶液B搅拌后加热反应,静置陈化,过滤,洗涤,得到沉淀物;
(4)将沉淀物进行干燥,焙烧,即得多元铈基复合氧化物。
进一步,上述步骤(1)中,可溶性铈盐为硝酸铈或碳酸铈,优选为硝酸铈;可溶性锆盐为硝酸锆、硫酸锆、硝酸氧锆、氯氧化锆或碳酸氧锆,优选为硝酸锆;可溶性镧盐为硝酸镧;可溶性钇盐为硝酸钇;可溶性M金属盐为硝酸铜、硝酸银、硝酸钴、硝酸镍和硝酸锰中的至少一种,优选为硝酸银或硝酸镍。
进一步,上述步骤(2)中,加热在空气气氛或惰性气氛中进行,温度为60-100℃;碱溶液为氨水溶液、碳酸氢铵溶液、碳酸氢钠溶液、碳酸钠溶液和氢氧化钠溶液中的至少一种,优选为氨水溶液;混合溶液B的pH值为9-12。
进一步,上述步骤(3)中,搅拌的时间为2-3h;加热反应的温度为60-80℃,时间为4-6h;静置陈化的时间为4h。
采用上述进一步技术方案的有益效果在于,本发明选用碱溶液作为沉淀剂,经过搅拌、加热反应和静置陈化,能使可溶性铈盐、可溶性锆盐、可溶性镧盐、可溶性钇盐和可溶性M金属盐中的金属离子快速沉降,从而得到沉淀物。
进一步,上述步骤(4)中,干燥的温度为80-200℃,时间为8h以上;焙烧在空气气氛中进行,温度为400-800℃,时间为2-6h。
一种抗硫抗水催化剂,其特征在于,原料包括:上述多元铈基复合氧化物或上述制备方法制得的多元铈基复合氧化物、活性组分和氧化铝;其中,活性组分为铂、钯和铑等贵金属中的至少一种,优选为铂,用量为多元铈基复合氧化物质量的0.1%-10%;氧化铝与多元铈基复合氧化物的质量比为1:1。
一种抗硫抗水催化剂的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)按上述各原料的质量比对应称取多元铈基复合氧化物、可溶性活性组分盐和氧化铝;
(2)先将可溶性活性组分盐溶于水中,然后加入多元铈基复合氧化物,搅拌,反应,干燥,焙烧,得到活性组分负载的多元铈基复合氧化物;
(3)将活性组分负载的多元铈基复合氧化物和氧化铝混合,球磨,焙烧,即得抗硫抗水催化剂。
进一步,上述步骤(1)中,可溶性活性组分盐为氯铂酸、氯钯酸钠和六氯铑酸钠中的至少一种,优选为氯铂酸。
进一步,上述步骤(2)中,搅拌的时间为2-3h;反应的温度为60-80℃,时间为4-6h;干燥的温度为80-200℃,时间为8h以上;焙烧的温度为300-600℃,时间为3-6h。
进一步,上述步骤(3)中,球磨的程序为:正转30min后停止冷却15min,反转30min后再停止冷却15min,重复3次,转速均为300r/min;焙烧的温度为300-600℃,时间为3-6h。
本发明还请求保护一种上述抗硫抗水催化剂或上述制备方法制得的抗硫抗水催化剂在含水含硫冶金烟气处理、移动源尾气处理、废气处理、天然气催化燃烧、有机废气净化处理或工业废气处理中的应用;其中,处理的气体成分包括但不限于CH4、C3H8、C2H6、NO2、NO、CO、H2O和CO2。
经由上述的技术方案可知,与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
1、本发明抗硫抗水催化剂主要由活性组分、载体和涂层组成。其中,活性组分包括贵金属;载体主要为稀土储氧材料,目的是在缺氧条件下可提供氧,在富氧条件下又可吸收氧气,进而达到反应最适合的空燃比;涂层的主要成分为γ-Al2O3,适用于处理从冶金烟气中一氧化碳(CO)、碳氢化合物(HC)和氮氧化合物(NOx)的排放。
2、本发明在对多元铈复合氧化物载体进行掺杂改性负载铂、钯和铑等贵金属并混合氧化铝之后制得多元铈基催化剂,其催化活性、耐温、抗水和耐硫性能均得到大幅提升,这在实际的绿色环保催化反应中具有重要的意义。
3、本发明研制出了一种具有抗水耐硫特性的多元铈基催化剂,在高温下也具有高性能,能够针对冶金废烟气中成分复杂,并且催化成分含量低的这一特点。
4、本发明多元铈基催化剂对尾气废气排放中各种气体成分催化燃烧具有非常好的效果,同时也具有抗水耐硫特性,并在提高催化活性的同时降低了催化剂成本。
附图说明
图1为实施例1多元铈基复合氧化物Ce0.4Zr0.5La0.05Y0.05Ni0.03O1.98在不同温度条件下的CO转化率;
图2为实施例2多元铈基复合氧化物Ce0.4Zr0.5La0.05Y0.05Ag0.03O1.965在不同温度条件下的CO转化率;
图3为实施例4抗硫抗水催化剂0.42%Pt/Al/CZLYAO在温度为200℃、SO2浓度为50ppm、含水量为10.0vol%条件下的CO转化率。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
多元铈基复合氧化物Ce0.4Zr0.5La0.05Y0.05Ni0.03O1.98,成分包括:摩尔比为40:50:5:5:3的铈、锆、镧、钇和镍;
上述多元铈基复合氧化物的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)按40:50:5:5:3的铈、锆、镧、钇和M金属的摩尔比对应称取硝酸铈(Ce(NO3)3·6H2O)、硝酸锆(Zr(NO3)4·5H2O)、硝酸镧(La(NO3)3·6H2O)、硝酸钇(Y(NO3)3·6H2O)和硝酸镍(Ni(NO3)2·6H2O),混合后加水溶解,得到混合溶液A;
(2)将混合溶液A在空气气氛中加热至80℃后,在强烈搅拌下以2mL/min的速度滴入摩尔浓度为3mol/L的氨水溶液至溶液pH值为9.5,得到混合溶液B;
(3)将混合溶液B继续搅拌2h后加热至80℃反应6h,静置陈化4h,过滤,用去离子水充分洗涤3次后再用无水乙醇洗涤3次,得到沉淀物;
(4)将沉淀物置于120℃烘箱中干燥12h,然后置于马弗炉中,在500℃,800℃和1100℃空气气氛中焙烧4h,即得多元铈基复合氧化物Ce0.4Zr0.5La0.05Y0.05Ni0.03O1.98。
实施例2
多元铈基复合氧化物Ce0.4Zr0.5La0.05Y0.05Ag0.03O1.965,成分包括:摩尔比为40:50:5:5:3的铈、锆、镧、钇和银;
上述多元铈基复合氧化物的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)按40:50:5:5:3的铈、锆、镧、钇和M金属的摩尔比对应称取硝酸铈(Ce(NO3)3·6H2O)、硝酸锆(Zr(NO3)4·5H2O)、硝酸镧(La(NO3)3·6H2O)、硝酸钇(Y(NO3)3·6H2O)和硝酸银(AgNO3),混合后加水溶解,得到混合溶液A;
(2)将混合溶液A在空气气氛中加热至80℃后,在强烈搅拌下以2mL/min的速度滴入摩尔浓度为3mol/L的氨水溶液至溶液pH值为9.5,得到混合溶液B;
(3)将混合溶液B继续搅拌2h后加热至80℃反应6h,静置陈化4h,过滤,用去离子水充分洗涤3次后再用无水乙醇洗涤3次,得到沉淀物;
(4)将沉淀物置于120℃烘箱中干燥12h,然后置于马弗炉中,在500℃,800℃和1100℃空气气氛中焙烧4h,即得多元铈基复合氧化物Ce0.4Zr0.5La0.05Y0.05Ag0.03O1.965。
实施例3
抗硫抗水催化剂,原料包括:实施例1制得的多元铈基复合氧化物Ce0.4Zr0.5La0.0 5Y0.05Ni0.03O1.98、钯和氧化铝;其中,钯的用量为多元铈基复合氧化物质量的1%,氧化铝与多元铈基复合氧化物的质量比为1:1;
上述抗硫抗水催化剂的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)按上述各原料的质量比对应称取实施例1制得的多元铈基复合氧化物Ce0.4Zr0.5La0.05Y0.05Ni0.03O1.98、氯铂酸(H2PtCl6·6H2O)和氧化铝(Al2O3);
(2)先将氯铂酸(H2PtCl6·6H2O)溶于水中,然后加入多元铈基复合氧化物,搅拌3h,升温至80℃反应6h,置于120℃烘箱中干燥12h,然后置于马弗炉中,在550℃空气气氛中焙烧4h,得到活性组分负载的多元铈基复合氧化物;
(3)将活性组分负载的多元铈基复合氧化物和氧化铝(Al2O3)混合,倒入装有玛瑙球的球磨罐中球磨,正转30min后停止冷却15min,反转30min后再停止冷却15min,重复3次,转速均为300r/min;然后置于马弗炉中,在550℃空气气氛中焙烧4h,即得抗硫抗水催化剂1%Pt/Al/Ce0.4Zr0.5La0.05Y0.05Ni0.03O1.98,简称为1%Pt/Al/CZLYNO。
实施例4
抗硫抗水催化剂,原料包括:实施例2制得的多元铈基复合氧化物Ce0.4Zr0.5La0.0 5Y0.05Ag0.03O1.965、钯和氧化铝;其中,钯的用量为多元铈基复合氧化物质量的0.42%,氧化铝与多元铈基复合氧化物的质量比为1:1;
上述抗硫抗水催化剂的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)按上述各原料的质量比对应称取实施例2制得的多元铈基复合氧化物Ce0.4Zr0.5La0.05Y0.05Ag0.03O1.965、氯铂酸(H2PtCl6·6H2O)和氧化铝(Al2O3);
(2)先将氯铂酸(H2PtCl6·6H2O)溶于水中,然后加入多元铈基复合氧化物,搅拌3h,升温至80℃反应6h,置于120℃烘箱中干燥12h,然后置于马弗炉中,在550℃空气气氛中焙烧4h,得到活性组分负载的多元铈基复合氧化物;
(3)将活性组分负载的多元铈基复合氧化物和氧化铝(Al2O3)混合,倒入装有玛瑙球的球磨罐中球磨,正转30min后停止冷却15min,反转30min后再停止冷却15min,重复3次,转速均为300r/min;然后置于马弗炉中,在550℃空气气氛中焙烧4h,即得抗硫抗水催化剂0.42%Pt/Al/Ce0.4Zr0.5La0.05Y0.05Ag0.03O1.965,简称为0.42%Pt/Al/CZLYAO。
性能测试
1、各取实施例1制得的多元铈基复合氧化物Ce0.4Zr0.5La0.05Y0.05Ni0.03O1.98和实施例2制得的多元铈基复合氧化物Ce0.4Zr0.5La0.05Y0.05Ag0.03O1.965,分别测试其在不同焙烧温度条件下的CO转化率,结果如图1-2所示。
具体实验过程如下:
(1)装样、验漏:称取多元铈基复合氧化物颗粒样品置于石英套管中,将石英套管安装到评价装置;
(2)样品预处理:将样品在流量为纯N2气氛中,恒温100℃处理30min以除去表面残存的气体和水分;
(3)反应测试:预处理结束后,切换为反应气体(1%CO/20%O2/N2)进行程序升温反应,待红外气体分析仪示数显示的反应气氛组成稳定后,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至800℃,气体流速为500mL/min,实时记录反应器出口的气体浓度组成。
由图1-2可知,当焙烧温度为500℃时,实施例1多元铈基复合氧化物Ce0.4Zr0.5La0.05Y0.05Ni0.03O1.98催化CO的性能最好;当焙烧温度为800℃时,实施例2多元铈基复合氧化物Ce0.4Zr0.5La0.05Y0.05Ag0.03O1.965催化CO的性能最好。
2、取实施例4制得的抗硫抗水催化剂0.42%Pt/Al/CZLYAO,测试其在温度为200℃、SO2浓度为50ppm、含水量为10.0vol%条件下的抗水抗硫性能,结果如图3所示。
具体实验过程如下:
(1)装样、验漏:称取抗硫抗水催化剂颗粒样品置于石英套管中,将石英套管安装到评价装置;
(2)样品预处理:将样品在流量为纯N2气氛中,恒温100℃处理30min以除去表面残存的气体和水分;
(3)反应测试:预处理结束后,切换为反应气体(1%CO/20%O2/N2)、进行程序升温反应,待红外气体分析仪示数显示的反应气氛组成稳定后,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至200℃,待示数稳定以后通入50ppm SO2和10.0vol%H2O以测试其抗水抗硫性能,总气体流速为500mL/min,实时记录反应器出口的气体浓度组成。
由图3可知,经过16h后,实施例4抗硫抗水催化剂0.42%Pt/Al/CZLYAO的CO转化率没有发生下降,说明其具有良好的抗水抗硫性能。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种多元铈基复合氧化物,其特征在于,成分包括:摩尔比为(80-20):(80-20):(10-0):(10-0):(10-0)的铈、锆、镧、钇和M金属;
所述M金属为铜、银、钴、镍和锰中的至少一种。
2.一种多元铈基复合氧化物的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)按权利要求1所述铈、锆、镧、钇和M金属的摩尔比对应称取可溶性铈盐、可溶性锆盐、可溶性镧盐、可溶性钇盐和可溶性M金属盐,混合后加水溶解,得到混合溶液A;
(2)将混合溶液A加热后加入碱溶液,得到混合溶液B;
(3)将混合溶液B搅拌后加热反应,静置陈化,过滤,洗涤,得到沉淀物;
(4)将沉淀物进行干燥,焙烧,即得所述多元铈基复合氧化物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种多元铈基复合氧化物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述可溶性铈盐为硝酸铈或碳酸铈;所述可溶性锆盐为硝酸锆、硫酸锆、硝酸氧锆、氯氧化锆或碳酸氧锆;所述可溶性镧盐为硝酸镧;所述可溶性钇盐为硝酸钇;所述可溶性M金属盐为硝酸铜、硝酸银、硝酸钴、硝酸镍和硝酸锰中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种多元铈基复合氧化物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述加热在空气气氛或惰性气氛中进行,温度为60-100℃;所述碱溶液为氨水溶液、碳酸氢铵溶液、碳酸氢钠溶液、碳酸钠溶液和氢氧化钠溶液中的至少一种;所述混合溶液B的pH值为9-12。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种多元铈基复合氧化物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述搅拌的时间为2-3h;所述加热反应的温度为60-80℃,时间为4-6h;所述静置陈化的时间为4h。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种多元铈基复合氧化物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述干燥的温度为80-200℃,时间为8h以上;所述焙烧在空气气氛中进行,温度为400-800℃,时间为2-6h。
7.一种抗硫抗水催化剂,其特征在于,原料包括:如权利要求1所述多元铈基复合氧化物或如权利要求2-6所述制备方法制得的多元铈基复合氧化物、活性组分和氧化铝;
所述活性组分为铂、钯和铑中的至少一种,用量为多元铈基复合氧化物质量的0.1%-10%;所述氧化铝与多元铈基复合氧化物的质量比为1:1。
8.一种抗硫抗水催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)按权利要求7所述各原料的质量比对应称取多元铈基复合氧化物、可溶性活性组分盐和氧化铝;
(2)先将可溶性活性组分盐溶于水中,然后加入多元铈基复合氧化物,搅拌,反应,干燥,焙烧,得到活性组分负载的多元铈基复合氧化物;
(3)将活性组分负载的多元铈基复合氧化物和氧化铝混合,球磨,焙烧,即得所述抗硫抗水催化剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种抗硫抗水催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述可溶性活性组分盐为氯铂酸、氯钯酸钠和六氯铑酸钠中的至少一种;
步骤(2)中,所述搅拌的时间为2-3h;所述反应的温度为60-80℃,时间为4-6h;所述干燥的温度为80-200℃,时间为8h以上;所述焙烧的温度为300-600℃,时间为3-6h;
步骤(3)中,所述球磨的程序为:正转30min后停止冷却15min,反转30min后再停止冷却15min,重复3次,转速均为300r/min;所述焙烧的温度为300-600℃,时间为3-6h。
10.一种如权利要求7所述抗硫抗水催化剂或如权利要求8-9任一项所述制备方法制得的抗硫抗水催化剂在含水含硫冶金烟气处理、移动源尾气处理、废气处理、天然气催化燃烧、有机废气净化处理或工业废气处理中的应用。
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