CN116979789A - Secondary peak current fixed frequency control method for four-switch buck-boost converter - Google Patents

Secondary peak current fixed frequency control method for four-switch buck-boost converter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116979789A
CN116979789A CN202310833495.5A CN202310833495A CN116979789A CN 116979789 A CN116979789 A CN 116979789A CN 202310833495 A CN202310833495 A CN 202310833495A CN 116979789 A CN116979789 A CN 116979789A
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China
Prior art keywords
fsbb
current
converter
time
switch
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Inventor
陈希亮
史云霄
吴小华
吴旋律
赵鑫
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
Shenzhen Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
Shenzhen Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Priority to CN202310833495.5A priority Critical patent/CN116979789A/en
Publication of CN116979789A publication Critical patent/CN116979789A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/083—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the ignition at the zero crossing of the voltage or the current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/157—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a secondary peak current fixed-frequency control method for a four-switch buck-boost converter, which is used for keeping the magnitude of an inductance negative current to be the minimum value capable of realizing soft switching all the time, and the control strategy only needs to sample input voltage and output voltage; operating in DCM mode under low power, and controlling secondary peak current of the inductance current to be equal to the minimum value capable of realizing soft switching; when the power exceeds the threshold of the DCM mode, the FSBB operates in CCM mode, maintaining a fixed frequency throughout the process. The invention can realize soft switching of all switching tubes, control the magnitude of inductance current and reduce the switching loss and the conduction loss of the converter.

Description

Secondary peak current fixed frequency control method for four-switch buck-boost converter
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of non-isolated direct current-direct current conversion, and particularly relates to a secondary peak current fixed-frequency control method for a four-switch buck-boost converter.
Background
The existing control strategies for four-switch buck-boost converters (FSBB converters for short) are mainly divided into multimode control and quadrilateral modulation.
The multi-mode control of the FSBB converter can be operated in buck, boost and buck-boost modes under different input conditions. However, both the two-mode and the three-mode are hard switches, so that it is difficult to meet the requirements for higher power density and frequency.
Quadrangle modulation is to divide each working period of the FSBB converter into four modes, namely Q 1 Q 4 -Q 1 Q 3 -Q 2 Q 3 -Q 2 Q 4 The on time is T respectively 1 、T 2 、T 3 、T 4 ，T 1 Inductor current is I P1 ,T 2 Inductor current is I P2 ，T 3 Inductor current of-I 0 ，T 4 The current is kept at-I for a period of time 0 The waveform of the inductor current in one period is shown in fig. 1, and the inductor current is in a quadrilateral shape, so that zero voltage turn-on (ZVS) of all switching tubes can be realized, and the turn-on loss of the switching tubes is reduced. Since there is a negative current in the inductor current, the peak value and the effective value of the inductor current are relatively large, resulting in high conduction loss. To solve this problem, the existing scheme optimizes in both fixed frequency and variable frequency directions: establishing a mathematical model between an effective value of the inductance current and working time of four modes under fixed frequency, obtaining optimal working time of different modes under the minimum current by a derivation mode, and finally realizing by using a table lookup method due to huge calculated amount, wherein no matter the table lookup method is a 2D or 3D table lookup method, external storage equipment is called, and the sampling rate is not beneficial to being improved under a wide range of working voltage; secondary peak with positive inductance under variable frequencyThe method is only suitable for occasions with smaller power, if the power is overlarge, the frequency change range is overlarge, the inductance value is unchanged, the control of inductance ripple current is not facilitated, and the conduction loss is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a secondary peak current fixed-frequency control method for a four-switch buck-boost converter, so that the magnitude of an inductance negative current is always kept to be the minimum value capable of realizing soft switching, and a control strategy only needs to sample input voltage and output voltage; operating in DCM mode under low power, and controlling secondary peak current of the inductance current to be equal to the minimum value capable of realizing soft switching; when the power exceeds the threshold of the DCM mode, the FSBB operates in CCM mode, maintaining a fixed frequency throughout the process. The invention can realize soft switching of all switching tubes, control the magnitude of inductance current and reduce the switching loss and the conduction loss of the converter.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems comprises the following steps:
step 1: magnitude of negative current of inductance I 0 Always kept to the minimum current I that can realize soft switching ZVS I.e. I 0 ＝I ZVS ；
Step 2: when the power of the FSBB converter is smaller than the set power threshold, the FSBB works in the DCM mode, and the inductor current and the secondary peak current are controlled to be equal to the minimum value capable of realizing soft switching, namely I P1 Or I P2 ＝I ZVS ；I P1 Conduction time T when quadrilateral modulation is adopted for FSBB converter 1 Inductor current at time I P2 Conduction time T when quadrilateral modulation is adopted for FSBB converter 2 Inductor current at time;
by increasing the on-time T when the FSBB converter adopts quadrilateral modulation when the power is increased 2 And reduce the on-time T 4 T when DCM mode operates to maximum power 2 ＝T 2max 、T 4 ＝0；
Step 3: when the power of the FSBB converter is larger than or equal to the set power threshold, the FSBB converter works in the CCM mode, T 4 Still kept at 0, T is reduced 2 And T is taken 2 Reduced time allocation to T 1 And T is 3 The whole process always keeps fixed frequency;
step 4: FSBB converter controls sampling circuit which only samples input voltage and output voltage and does not contain negative current, and the negative current is equal to T 3 Determining T 3 From T 1 、T 2 And calculating the functional relation.
Preferably, the minimum current I capable of realizing soft switching ZVS The size of the switch tube junction capacitor of the FSBB converter is equal to the size C of the switch tube junction capacitor of the FSBB converter oss And a set dead time t dead Related, switch tube Q 1 、Q 4 The realization of the soft switch requires that the inductance is negative current and the switch tube Q 2 、Q 3 The implementation of the soft switch requires the inductance to be positive current, resulting in:
wherein V is in ,V o The input voltage and the output voltage of the FSBB converter, respectively.
Preferably, said T 3 From T 1 、T 2 The functional relation is calculated as follows:
set up the switch tube Q 1 Duty cycle d 1 Ignoring Q outside dead time 2 And Q is equal to 1 Complementary conduction; switch tube Q 3 Duty cycle d 2 Ignoring Q outside dead time 4 And Q is equal to 3 Complementary conduction; switch tube Q 1 And switch tube Q 2 The conduction phase difference isT 3 Is a switching tube Q 2 Q 3 Conduction time;
wherein T is S Representing a period.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the control method can realize soft switching of all switching tubes, control the magnitude of inductance current and reduce the switching loss and the conduction loss of the converter;
2. the control method expands the ideas of controlling the secondary peak current and the negative current of the inductance by frequency conversion to a CCM mode, reduces the calculation load of a processor while realizing higher power, and can calculate the action time of different switching tubes in real time, thereby saving the cost of looking up the external storage equipment and the time of calling the data in the external storage equipment;
3. the FSBB works at a fixed frequency, which is beneficial to the design of magnetic components and inductors. Under different frequencies, the input voltage, the output voltage and the power range are fixed, and different inductance value boundaries corresponding to the soft switch can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of inductor current for one cycle, (a) buck, (b) boost.
Fig. 2 is a four-switch buck-boost (FSBB) topology.
Fig. 3 is a control block diagram.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of inductor current waveforms for different modes of operation.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
Based on the characteristic of bidirectional power flow of the four-switch buck-boost converter, the converter is suitable for various occasions, such as a storage battery charge-discharge system, a solar power generation system and serial bus power transmission (USB PD). The invention aims to provide a fixed frequency control scheme for an FSBB converter based on quadrilateral modulation and combining the advantages of fixed frequency and variable frequency. Based on quadrilateral modulation of the FSBB converter, the soft switch can be realized under larger power to reduce the conduction loss, and the effective value of the inductance current can be controlled to reduce the conduction loss; the dependence of a table look-up method under fixed frequency on the external storage size can be avoided, and the influence of overlarge frequency change on the implementation of a soft switch in the CCM mode under variable frequency can be avoided.
The control strategy for the FSBB converter with wide input and output voltage is as follows:
1) Quadrangle modulation is adopted at fixed frequency, so that soft switching of all switching tubes can be realized;
2) Inductor current operates in both DCM and CCM modes, maintaining a constant operating frequency: when the power is smaller, the power is operated in a DCM mode, and the magnitude of the negative current and the secondary peak current of the inductor (the voltage is reduced to I P1 Or boost to I P2 ) Performing control; FSBB operates in CCM mode when power exceeds the critical value of DCM mode, with an inductor negative current hold time of 0 (T 4 =0), at this time, the peak value of the inductor negative current is controlled, and the inductor sub-peak current is controlled to be properly increased;
3) FSBB converter control only needs to sample input voltage and output voltage, does not contain sampling circuit of negative current, and the negative current is of a magnitude of T 3 Determining T 3 From T 1 、T 2 And calculating the functional relation.
Specific examples:
the invention provides a simplified fixed frequency control scheme aiming at a four-switch buck-boost converter (FSBB converter for short), and has the characteristics of low loss at high frequency, wide working voltage range and bidirectional power flow.
1) The magnitude of the negative current of the inductor is always kept at the minimum value capable of realizing soft switching, namely I 0 ＝I ZVS ；
2) The control strategy only needs to sample the input voltage and the output voltage;
3) The low power FSBB works in DCM mode, and the secondary peak current of the inductive current is controlled to be equal to the minimum value capable of realizing soft switching, namely I P1 Or I P2 ＝I ZVS By increasing T when power is increased 2 Reducing T 4 Implementation, T when DCM mode is running to maximum power 2 ＝T 2max 、T 4 ＝0；
4) FSBB works in CCM mode when power exceeds critical value of DCM mode, T 4 Still kept at 0, T is reduced appropriately 2 And assigning reduced time to T as a function of 1 And T is 3 The whole process always keeps a fixed frequency.
The control scheme is applied to an FSBB converter, the structure of which is shown in figure 2 and comprises a switching tube Q 1 、Q 2 、Q 3 、Q 4 Switch tube junction capacitor C 1 、C 2 、C 3 、C 4 Switching tube diode D 1 、D 2 、D 3 、D 4 Inductance L and output capacitance C o . Input power V in+ Switch tube Q 1 One end of the capacitor C 1 One end, body diode D 1 One end is connected with the first node; switch tube Q 1 Another end, junction capacitance C 1 Another end, body diode D 1 Another end, output power V in- Switch tube Q 2 One end of the capacitor C 2 One end, body diode D 2 One end of the first node is connected with the second node; output terminal V o+ Switch tube Q 3 One end of the capacitor C 3 One end, body diode D 3 One end of the second node is connected with the second node; switch tube Q 3 Another end, junction capacitance C 3 Another end, body diode D 3 Another end, output end V o- Switch tube Q 4 One end of the capacitor C 4 One end, body diode D 4 One end of the first node is connected with the fourth node; output terminal V o- Switch tube Q 2 Another end is provided with,Junction capacitance C 2 Another end, body diode D 2 Another end, switch tube Q 4 Another end, junction capacitance C 4 Another end, body diode D 4 The other end is connected with the fifth node; the inductor L is connected between the third node and the fourth node; capacitor C o Is connected between the second node and the fifth node.
Various parameters are described:
1) Minimum current I capable of realizing soft switch ZVS Current I ZVS And the size C of the junction capacitance of the switch tube oss And a set dead time t dead Related, switch tube Q 1 、Q 4 The realization of the soft switch requires that the inductance is negative current and the switch tube Q 2 、Q 3 The implementation of the soft switch requires the inductance to be positive current, which is easily derived:
2) Magnitude of negative current I 0 In order to reduce the peak value and the effective value of the inductance current, the negative current is as small as possible, but the minimum current for realizing the soft switch is satisfied, the negative current I 0 ＝-I ZVS ；
3) An inductance L with proper inductance value is selected according to power and soft switching conditions;
at fixed frequency and output voltage, the relation between different powers, input voltage and inductance L is deduced by combining soft switching conditions:
maximum inductance value L max Taking the corresponding inductance value with minimum input voltage and maximum transmission power, if the inductance value exceeds L during design max Soft switching cannot be achieved when the input voltage is minimum and the output power is maximum. At the same time, the inductance value is not too small, otherwise, under the condition of the same transmission power, the peak-to-peak value and the effective value of the inductance current are increased, so that the loss of the converter is increased, and the efficiency is improvedAnd (3) lowering.
4) DCM mode limit power P DCMmax
The secondary peak current is maintained at the minimum current value of the switch in DCM mode, i.e.) P1 Or I P2 ＝I ZVS This is equivalent to a switching tube T 1 ＝T 1DCM ，T 2 ＝T 2max 、T 4 Reaching DCM power limit P when=0 DCMmax
5) Switch tube Q 1 Duty cycle d 1 Ignoring Q outside dead time 2 And Q is equal to 1 Complementary conduction; switch tube Q 3 Duty cycle d 2 Ignoring Q outside dead time 4 And Q is equal to 3 Complementary conduction; switch tube Q 1 And switch tube Q 2 The conduction phase difference isT3 is a switching tube Q 2 Q 3 On time.
All the calculation of the control scheme provided by the invention is carried out in a microprocessor, and the control block diagram is shown in fig. 3:
1) The difference between the sampled output voltage and the target voltage is taken as the input of the PI controller and is output as time T PI ；
2) Sampling the input voltage and the output voltage, calculating DCM power poleLimit P DCMmax Corresponding T 2max ；
3) Judgment of T PI And T is 2max Size, when T PI ≤T 2max The FSBB converter operates in DCM mode, T 2 ＝T PI ，T 1 ＝T 1DCM The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Otherwise operate in CCM mode, T 1 ＝T 1DCM +ΔT、T 2 ＝T 2max - Δt'. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of inductor current waveforms in different modes of operation.
DCM:
T 2 ＝T PI
CCM:
T 2 ＝T 2max -ΔT'
ΔT＝T PI -T 2max
4) Calculating to obtain d 1 、d 2 、T 3 、

Claims (3)

1. A method for controlling the secondary peak current constant frequency of a four-switch buck-boost converter, comprising the steps of:
step 1: magnitude of negative current of inductance I 0 Always kept to the minimum current I that can realize soft switching ZVS I.e. I 0 ＝I ZVS ；
Step 2: when the power of the FSBB converter is less than the set power threshold, the FSBB operates atDCM mode, in which the inductor current and secondary peak current are controlled to be equal to the minimum value for soft switching, i.e P1 Or I P2 ＝I ZVS ；I P1 Conduction time T when quadrilateral modulation is adopted for FSBB converter 1 Inductor current at time I P2 Conduction time T when quadrilateral modulation is adopted for FSBB converter 2 Inductor current at time;
by increasing the on-time T when the FSBB converter adopts quadrilateral modulation when the power is increased 2 And reduce the on-time T 4 T when DCM mode operates to maximum power 2 ＝T 2max 、T 4 ＝0；
Step 3: when the power of the FSBB converter is larger than or equal to the set power threshold, the FSBB converter works in the CCM mode, T 4 Still kept at 0, T is reduced 2 And T is taken 2 Reduced time allocation to T 1 And T is 3 The whole process always keeps fixed frequency;
step 4: FSBB converter controls sampling circuit which only samples input voltage and output voltage and does not contain negative current, and the negative current is equal to T 3 Determining T 3 From T 1 、T 2 And calculating the functional relation.
2. The method for controlling sub-peak current constant frequency of four-switch buck-boost converter according to claim 1, wherein said minimum current I capable of realizing soft switching ZVS The size of the switch tube junction capacitor of the FSBB converter is equal to the size C of the switch tube junction capacitor of the FSBB converter oss And a set dead time t dead Related, switch tube Q 1 、Q 4 The realization of the soft switch requires that the inductance is negative current and the switch tube Q 2 、Q 3 The implementation of the soft switch requires the inductance to be positive current, resulting in:
wherein V is in ,V o FSBB converters respectivelyAn input voltage and an output voltage of the same.
3. The method of controlling sub-peak current constant frequency for a four-switch buck-boost converter according to claim 1, wherein said T is 3 From T 1 、T 2 The functional relation is calculated as follows:
set up the switch tube Q 1 Duty cycle d 1 Ignoring Q outside dead time 2 And Q is equal to 1 Complementary conduction; switch tube Q 3 Duty cycle d 2 Ignoring Q outside dead time 4 And Q is equal to 3 Complementary conduction; switch tube Q 1 And switch tube Q 2 The conduction phase difference isT 3 Is a switching tube Q 2 Q 3 Conduction time;
wherein T is S Representing a period.
CN202310833495.5A 2023-07-09 2023-07-09 Secondary peak current fixed frequency control method for four-switch buck-boost converter Pending CN116979789A (en)

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CN202310833495.5A CN116979789A (en) 2023-07-09 2023-07-09 Secondary peak current fixed frequency control method for four-switch buck-boost converter

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310833495.5A CN116979789A (en) 2023-07-09 2023-07-09 Secondary peak current fixed frequency control method for four-switch buck-boost converter

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117639477A (en) * 2024-01-26 2024-03-01 深圳市芯茂微电子有限公司 BOOST system and control method of system power tube

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117639477A (en) * 2024-01-26 2024-03-01 深圳市芯茂微电子有限公司 BOOST system and control method of system power tube
CN117639477B (en) * 2024-01-26 2024-03-26 深圳市芯茂微电子有限公司 BOOST system and control method of system power tube

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