CN110380613B - PWM (pulse-width modulation) plus phase shift control method for realizing ZVS (zero voltage switching) of four-tube converter - Google Patents
PWM (pulse-width modulation) plus phase shift control method for realizing ZVS (zero voltage switching) of four-tube converter Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
- H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Abstract
The invention discloses a PWM (pulse-width modulation) plus phase shift control method for realizing ZVS (zero voltage switching) of a four-tube converter. Four-tube Buck-Boost converterThree degrees of freedom:Q 1duty ratio ofD y1、Q 4Duty ratio ofD y2And phase shift duty ratio corresponding to phase shift angleD θ And under three working modes of PWM plus phase shift control, the three degrees of freedom mainly meet the following requirements:D θ =D y1、D θ =1−D y2andD θ and = 0. The control method comprises the following steps: current of the inductori LfSending the signal into an over-negative detection circuit to obtain an over-negative signal of the inductive currentv compAnd excessive negative timet zero(ii) a Setting a reference value of the over-load timet zero_refPassing the inductive current through a negative signalv compSending the signal into a phase shift control signal generating circuit to obtain a phase shift control signalQ olp(ii) a When in uset zeroIs less thant zero_refTime, phase shift control signalQ olpDuty ratio ofD olp=D y2(ii) a When the over-negative time is greater thant zero_refTime andV in<V owhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,D olp=D y1+D y2-1; when the over-negative time is greater thant zero_refTime andV in>V owhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,D olpand = 0. The method ensures the minimum effective value of the inductive current on the premise of realizing ZVS of all switching tubes in the full load range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a PWM (pulse-width modulation) plus phase shift control method for realizing ZVS (zero voltage switching) of a four-tube Buck-Boost converter, belonging to the technical field of power converters.
Background
For applications where the input voltage range is wide and the output voltage is between the input voltage range, a buck-boost converter is required. The four-tube Buck-Boost Buck-Boost converter has the characteristics of simple structure, same input and output voltage polarity and lower voltage stress of the switching tube, and is very widely applied. In order to increase the power density of the converter, the switching frequency is usually increased to reduce the size of passive devices such as filter inductors and filter capacitors. However, when the switching tube is hard-switched, the switching loss increases with the increase of the switching frequency, resulting in the reduction of the converter efficiency. In order to reduce the switching losses, it is necessary to implement soft switching of the switching tubes.
Compared with a Buck converter and a Boost converter, the four-tube Buck-Boost converter has three adjustable degrees of freedom: q1Duty ratio D ofy1、Q4Duty ratio D ofy2And phase shift duty ratio D corresponding to phase shift angleθ. Although the multiple degrees of freedom increase the complexity of the control, this also provides more possibilities for an optimal design of the converter.
The existing research provides a two-mode inductive current critical continuous method and a two-mode fixed frequency control method. The control method comprises the following steps of two-mode control, namely when input voltage is lower than output voltage, the four-tube Buck-Boost converter works in a Boost mode; and on the contrary, the four-tube Buck-Boost converter works in a Buck mode. For the two-mode inductor current critical continuous method, the switching frequency is changed, so the switching frequency is too high under light load. For the two-mode fixed frequency control method, ZVS of the switching tube is difficult to realize when the input voltage is close to the output voltage, and the inductance current has large pulsation and low efficiency when the load is light.
In order to realize ZVS in the whole input voltage range and load range and reduce the effective value of the inductive current, the prior research provides a fixed-frequency control strategy of a quadrilateral inductive current mode, but the phase-shift duty ratio D in the quadrilateral inductive current modeθThere is a limit to the range of (D), i.e., Dy1<Dθ<1. In fact, phase shift angle DθCan be in [0,1 ]]The above control method does not guarantee the minimum effective value of the inductor current in some input voltage and load ranges.
Therefore, how to ensure that ZVS can be realized in all switching tubes of the four-tube Buck-Boost converter in a full load range and reduce an effective value of an inductive current is a problem that researchers in the field need to solve urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a PWM and phase shift control method of a ZVS (zero-voltage-zero-volt) converter of a four-tube Buck-Boost converter, and the control method can further reduce the effective value of an inductive current while the ZVS can be realized by switching tubes in a full-load range.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
PWM plus phase shift control method for realizing ZVS of four-tube converter, wherein the four-tube converter comprises Q1、Q2、Q3And Q4Four switching tubes, and Q1And Q2Complementary, Q3And Q4Complementary, wherein Q1Duty ratio of Dy1，Q4Duty ratio of Dy2(ii) a The method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, collecting input voltage V of four-tube converterinAn output voltage VoAnd the inductor current iLfThe output voltage is regulated by a voltage regulator; will induce the current iLfSending the signal into an over-negative detection circuit to obtain an over-negative signal v of the inductive currentcompThe time corresponding to its corresponding high level, i.e. the over-negative time tzero；
Step 2, setting a reference value t of the over-negative timezero_refPassing the inductive current through a negative signal vcompSending the signal into a phase-shift control signal generating circuit to obtain a phase-shift control signal Qolp；
When the negative time t is passedzeroLess than a reference value tzero_refTime, phase shift control signal QolpDuty ratio D ofolp＝Dy2(ii) a When the over-negative time is larger than the reference value tzero_refWhen and Vin<VoWhen D isolp＝Dy1+Dy2-1; when the over-negative time is larger than the reference value tzero_refWhen and Vin>VoWhen D isolp0; will phase shift the control signal QolpFed into a phase-shifting circuit to obtain respective representatives of QolpPulse signals CLK1 and CLK2 of rising edge and falling edge are used as clock signals, wherein CLK1 generates a triangular carrier wave v in a modulation circuit through a triangular wave generation circuitsaw1；
Step 3, inductive current iLfExactly when the over-negative moment is Q4At the turn-on time of (Q)4Is controlled by a clock signal CLK2, toIn Q1By a triangular carrier vsaw1Controlled by the output v of the voltage regulator at the moment of switching-offerrorAnd (5) controlling.
The technical scheme is further designed as follows: the four-tube converter comprises a Buck unit, a Boost unit and an intermediate filter inductor LfSaid Buck unit includes Q1And Q2Two switching tubes, Q1Is a main switching tube; the Boost unit comprises Q3And Q4Two switching tubes, Q4Is a main switch tube.
Duty cycle Dy1And Dy2And an input voltage VinAnd an output voltage VoSatisfies the relation:
the four-tube converter is also provided with a phase-shifting duty ratio D corresponding to a phase-shifting angleθDuty ratio Dy1、Dy2And DθThe relation between different input voltages VinDifferent output voltage VoAnd a load current IoThe following are:
wherein, TsFor a switching period, IoIs the load current.
Phase shift control signal QolpDuty ratio D ofolpAnd duty ratio Dy1、Dy2And DθThe relationship between them is:
reference value t of over-negative timezero_refThe expression of (a) is:
wherein, Vref_cEmpirical value, V, of voltage regulator referenceccFor supplying power to the comparator of the over-negative detection circuit, TsIs a switching cycle.
If the over-negative time is less than the preset empirical value tzero_refThen the over-negative detection signal v will be passedcompReference value V of PI regulatorref_cComparing, sending the comparison result to a PI regulator, and sending the output of the PI regulator to a phase-shifting circuit to obtain a phase-shifting control signal Q for determining and controlling the working mode of the four-tube Buck-Boost converterolp(ii) a If the over-negative time is larger than the empirical preset value tzero_refAt this time, the output of the PI regulator is in a saturated state, so that the phase shift control signal Q is controlled by the clamp circuitolpDuty ratio D ofolpClamping is performed.
The clamping circuit will be VoSampling value and VinThe sum of the subtracted sample values VoThe result of sampling value passing through multiplier and the output v of voltage regulatorerrorThe value is multiplied by the multiplier, and the result is fed to the phase shift circuit to obtain DθClamping, i.e.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. on the premise of realizing ZVS of all switching tubes in a full-load range, the minimum effective value of the inductive current is ensured, the conduction loss of the switching tubes is reduced, and the efficiency of the converter is improved;
2. the realization method is reliable and simple, and can ensure smooth switching between the working modes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of a four-tube Buck-Boost converter of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows three modes of operation of PWM plus phase shift control in the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows PWM plus phase shift controlled at V in the present inventionin<VoThe mode switching process is shown schematically.
FIG. 4 shows PWM plus phase shift control at V in the present inventionin>VoThe mode switching process is shown schematically.
FIG. 5 is a control diagram of the PWM plus phase shift control scheme of the present invention.
FIG. 6(a) is a graph showing D when the input voltage is 130V and the full load is reached in the present inventionθSimulation waveform plot of 0.
FIG. 6(b) is a graph showing D when the input voltage is 80V and 10% load in the present inventionθ＝Dy1The simulated waveform of (2).
FIG. 6(c) is a graph showing D when the input voltage is 160V and the load is 10% in the present inventionθ＝1-Dy2The simulated waveform of (2).
FIG. 7(a) is a waveform diagram of the simulation of the load jump when the input voltage is 130V in the present invention.
Fig. 7(b) is a simulated waveform diagram of input voltage jump at 10% load in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
The topology of the four-tube Buck-Boost converter related to the invention is shown in figure 1, wherein the topology mainly comprises Q1And Q2Buck unit composed of two switching tubes and Q3And Q4Boost unit composed of two switching tubes, and intermediate filter inductor LfThe main functions are energy storage and transfer, and the output capacitor is mainly used for filtering the switching ripple on the output voltage.
Main switch tube Q for realizing Buck unit1And a main switching tube Q of the Boost unit4The soft switch needs to ensure that the inductive current flows through the negative electrode, so that the junction capacitor can be completely discharged before the switching tube is switched on, and the inductive current can flow through the body diode of the switching tube before the switching tube is switched on, thereby realizing ZVS.
Main switch tube Q for Buck unit1And a main switching tube Q of the Boost unit4It has three degrees of freedom: q1Duty ratio D ofy1、Q4Duty ratio D ofy2And phase shift duty ratio D corresponding to phase shift angleθ。
Input voltage VinAnd an output voltage VoAnd duty ratio Dy1And Dy2Satisfies the relation:
under the same input/output voltage and load current, the duty ratio D is adjustedy1And Dy2Obtaining D when the effective value of the inductive current is minimumθWith respect to Dy1And Dy2Expression (c):
wherein, IoFor load current, TsFor a switching period, LfIs an inductor.
Therefore, the PWM plus phase shift control strategy under different input/output voltages and load current conditions mainly includes three operation modes, as shown in fig. 2, defining Vin<VoUnder light load condition Dθ＝Dy1Operating in mode 1, Vin>VoUnder light load condition Dθ＝1-Dy2Operating in mode 2, and under heavy load condition DθThe mode 3 is operated in the operation mode of 0.
Fig. 3 and 4 show the process of switching the operating modes of the four-tube Buck-Boost converter under different load conditions. When V isin<VoWhen the load is heavy, the four-tube Buck-Boost converter works at Dθ0 (mode 3). As the load is gradually relieved, Q1Duty ratio D ofy1Will increase to 1 first, at which time the mode needs to be switched to Dθ＝Dy1(mode 2). In the same way, when Vin>VoThe operating waveform of the four-tube Buck-Boost converter is shown in FIG. 4 as the load is reduced, wherein the operating waveform is shown as the load is reducedRelief, DθOperating mode D of 0 (mode 3)y2Will first decrease to 0 and switch to D accordingly if the load continues to decreaseθ＝1–Dy2(mode 1). As can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, during the mode switching, the switching tube Q1～Q4The duty ratio phase and the pulse width are changed, so that the PWM plus phase shift control strategy is adopted.
And for the control circuit of the PWM plus phase shift control strategy, the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 5. Referring to fig. 2, in all the control modes, the moment when the inductor current just drops to zero is the switching tube Q4So that an over-negative detection circuit can be added to control the switching tube Q4And for its turn-off instant is controlled by the clock signal CLK 2. And Q1Trailing edge modulation is used with a clock signal CLK 1. To derive the CLK1 and CLK2 signals in different control modes, it can be seen from fig. 3 and 4 that the rising edge of CLK1 is taken as the beginning of a cycle when the four-transistor Buck-Boost converter is operating in DθIn the operating mode of 0 (mode 3), QolpPulse width DolpRepresenting the phase difference between CLK1 and CLK2, to be adjusted according to the load conditions by: acquiring input voltage V of four-tube Buck-Boost converterinAn output voltage VoAnd the inductor current iLfThe output voltage is regulated by a voltage regulator; will induce the current iLfSending the signal into an over-negative detection circuit to obtain an over-negative signal v of the inductive currentcompThe time corresponding to its corresponding high level, i.e. the over-negative time tzero(ii) a When the four-tube Buck-Boost converter works in DθWhen the mode is 0, filtering the over-negative detection signal, wherein the output is in direct proportion to the over-negative time, and the over-negative time is compared with the preset empirical value tzero_refComparing and sending the signals to a PI regulator, and sending the output of the PI regulator to a phase shift circuit so as to control a phase shift angle; when the four-tube Buck-Boost converter works in a mode 1 or a mode 2, the over-negative time is greater than the empirical preset value tzero_refThe PI regulator is saturated, and QolpPulse width D ofolpIn mode 1, Dolp＝Dy1+Dy2-1; in mode 2, Dolp0. It can be seen that DolpIs a constant value, so V is passed through a clamp circuit as shown in FIG. 5oSampling value and VinThe sum of the subtracted sample values VoThe result of sampling value passing through multiplier and verrorThe value is multiplied by the multiplier, and the result is fed to the phase shift circuit to obtain DθClamping, i.e.
Phase shift control signal QolpAfter being fed into a phase-shifting circuit, the signals respectively represent QolpPulse signals CLK1 and CLK2 of rising edge and falling edge are used as clock signals, wherein CLK1 generates a triangular carrier wave v in a modulation circuit through a triangular wave generation circuitsaw1；
Pulse signals CLK1 and CLK2 and a triangular carrier vsaw1The feedback is sent to the switch tube, so as to control the on-off of the switch tube; inductor current iLfExactly when the over-negative moment is Q4At the turn-on time of (Q)4Is controlled by a clock signal CLK2, Q1By a triangular carrier vsaw1Controlled by the output v of the voltage regulator at the moment of switching-offerrorAnd (5) controlling.
A simulation example of the present invention is given below:
according to the parameters of the 600W four-tube Buck-Boost converter given in the table 1, a simulation model is built in Saber for simulation. FIG. 6 shows simulated waveforms for a four-transistor Buck-Boost converter at different input voltages and load currents, wherein the converter operates in mode 3 when the input voltage is 130V and the full load is shown in FIG. 6 (a); in fig. 6(b), the converter operates in mode 1 when the input voltage is 80V light load; in fig. 6(c), when the converter operates in mode 2 when the input voltage is 160V light load, it can be seen that all the switching tubes can realize ZVS and the effective value is small. FIG. 7 is a simulation waveform of load jump and input voltage jump of PWM plus phase shift control, wherein FIG. 7(a) is a simulation waveform diagram of load jump when the input voltage is 130V; fig. 7(b) is a simulated waveform diagram of input voltage jump at 10% load, and it can be seen that, by adopting the proposed PWM plus phase shift control method, the output voltage can be stabilized at 125V, and the modes can be smoothly switched.
Table 1600W four-tube Buck-Boost converter simulation parameter
While the invention has been described in terms of its preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A PWM and phase shift control method for realizing ZVS of a four-tube converter is provided, the four-tube converter is a Buck-Boost four-tube converter, and the Buck-Boost four-tube converter comprises a Buck unit, a Boost unit and an intermediate filter inductor LfSaid Buck unit includes Q1And Q2Two switching tubes, Q1Is a main switching tube; the Boost unit comprises Q3And Q4Two switching tubes, Q4Is a main switching tube; switch tube Q1And Q2Complementary, Q3And Q4Complementary, wherein Q1Duty ratio of Dy1，Q4Duty ratio of Dy2(ii) a The method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, collecting input voltage V of four-tube converterinAn output voltage VoAnd the inductor current iLfThe output voltage is regulated by a voltage regulator; will induce the current iLfSending the signal into an over-negative detection circuit to obtain an over-negative detection signal v of the inductive currentcompThe time corresponding to its corresponding high level, i.e. the over-negative time tzero；
Step 2, setting a reference value t of the over-negative timezero_refPassing an inductive current through a negative detection signal vcompSending the signal into a phase-shift control signal generating circuit to obtain a phase-shift control signal Qolp；
When the negative time t is passedzeroLess than a reference value tzero_refTime, phase shift control signal QolpDuty ratio D ofolp＝Dy2(ii) a When the over-negative time is larger than the reference value tzero_refWhen and Vin<VoWhen D isolp＝Dy1+Dy2-1; when the over-negative time is larger than the reference value tzero_refWhen and Vin>VoWhen D isolp0; will phase shift the control signal QolpFed into a phase-shifting circuit to obtain respective representatives of QolpPulse signals CLK1 and CLK2 of rising edge and falling edge are used as clock signals, wherein CLK1 generates a triangular carrier wave v in a modulation circuit through a triangular wave generation circuitsaw1；
Step 3, inductive current iLfExactly when the over-negative moment is Q4At the turn-on time of (Q)4Is controlled by a clock signal CLK2, and for Q1By a triangular carrier vsaw1Controlled by the output v of the voltage regulator at the moment of switching-offerrorAnd (5) controlling.
2. The PWM plus phase shift control method for realizing ZVS of the four-tube converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: duty cycle Dy1And Dy2And an input voltage VinAnd an output voltage VoSatisfies the relation:
3. the PWM and phase-shift control method for realizing ZVS of the four-tube converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said four-tube converter is further provided with a phase-shift duty ratio D corresponding to the phase-shift angleθDuty ratio Dy1、Dy2And DθThe relation between different input voltages VinDifferent output voltage VoAnd a load current IoThe following are:
wherein, TsFor a switching period, IoIs the load current.
4. The PWM plus phase shift control method for realizing ZVS of the four-tube converter as claimed in claim 2, wherein: phase shift control signal QolpDuty ratio D ofolpAnd duty ratio Dy1、Dy2And DθThe relationship between them is:
5. the PWM plus phase shift control method for realizing ZVS of the four-tube converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: reference value t of over-negative timezero_refThe expression of (a) is:
wherein, Vref_cEmpirical value, V, of voltage regulator referenceccFor supplying power to the comparator of the over-negative detection circuit, TsIs a switching cycle.
6. The PWM plus phase shift control method for realizing ZVS of the four-tube converter as claimed in claim 3, wherein: if the over-negative time is less than the preset empirical value tzero_refThen the over-negative detection signal v will be passedcompReference value V of PI regulatorref_cComparing, sending to a PI regulator, sending the output of the PI regulator to a phase shift circuit,thereby obtaining a phase-shift control signal Q for determining and controlling the working mode of the four-tube Buck-Boost converterolp(ii) a If the over-negative time is larger than the empirical preset value tzero_refAt this time, the output of the PI regulator is in a saturated state, so that the phase shift control signal Q is controlled by the clamp circuitolpDuty ratio D ofolpClamping is performed.
7. The PWM plus phase shift control method for realizing ZVS of the four-tube converter as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the clamping circuit will be VoSampling value and VinThe sum of the subtracted sample values VoThe inverse of the sampling value passes through the result of the multiplier and the output v of the voltage regulatorerrorThe value is multiplied by the multiplier, and the result is fed to the phase shift circuit to obtain DθClamping, i.e.
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| CN111181397B (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2023-05-05 | 上海电力大学 | Three-mode control method of four-switch buck-boost converter |
| CN112491271B (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2022-01-14 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | Step-up and step-down circuit and control method thereof |
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