CN111092549B - Three-mode frequency conversion soft switching control method of four-tube Buck-Boost converter - Google Patents
Three-mode frequency conversion soft switching control method of four-tube Buck-Boost converter Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-mode frequency conversion soft switching control method of a four-tube Buck-Boost converter, belonging to the field of direct current-direct current converters of electric energy conversion devices. The method controls the minimum value of the inductive current to be unchanged by changing the switching frequency, so that the converter realizes soft switching in a full load range. A double closed-loop control strategy combining a voltage outer loop and a current inner loop is adopted to perform PWM modulation, PWM of a main power tube of the converter is adjusted within a wide input voltage range, and the purpose of adjusting the duty ratio of a Buck unit and a Boost unit is achieved, so that the output voltage is controlled. The working mode of the main circuit is selected by sampling and comparing input and output voltages by adopting a three-mode control method. The invention realizes the wide voltage range input of the adaptive converter, combines the minimum inductance current control and the frequency conversion control, realizes the soft switching in the full load range and greatly reduces the switching loss of the converter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a three-mode frequency conversion soft switching control method of a four-tube Buck-Boost converter, belonging to the field of direct current-direct current converters of electric energy conversion devices.
Background
As an advanced space propulsion technology, the electric propulsion has wide application prospect in the fields of track transfer, deep space exploration and the like due to the advantages of high specific impulse and long service life. A Power Processing Unit (PPU) is an important component of an electric propulsion system, the output voltage and the output Power of the PPU determine the main performance of a thruster, and high efficiency, high Power density and high voltage and high Power output become the development direction of the PPU in the future. In order to meet the requirement of a wide input voltage range of a PPU in an electric propulsion system, the research on a buck-boost converter with the wide input range is of great significance.
Compared with the traditional non-isolated Buck-Boost converter (Buck-Boost, Cuk, Zeta and SEPIC), the four-tube Buck-Boost converter has the advantages of low voltage stress of power devices, small number of passive elements, homopolarity of input and output voltages and the like, so that the topology has absolute advantages in the application occasions requiring high efficiency and high power density. In addition, the four-tube Buck-Boost converter has a plurality of degrees of freedom such as duty ratio and switching frequency corresponding to the Buck unit, phase shift angle between the two switching tubes at the switching-on time and the like of the Boost unit, and provides possibility and challenge for the optimization control of the four-tube Buck-Boost converter. In order to further reduce the volume of passive elements and improve the power density of the converter, the switching frequency needs to be improved, but high-frequency hard switching not only has large switching loss, but also generates electromagnetic interference to influence the normal operation of the converter, so that soft switching needs to be realized. In order to fully exert the advantages of the four-tube Buck-Boost converter, the duty ratio of the Buck unit and the Boost unit of the converter is utilized to adjust the relation between the input voltage and the output voltage so as to adapt to the requirement of wide-range change of the input voltage; and the control strategy is further optimized, and soft switching is realized by utilizing the degree of freedom of switching frequency, so that the converter achieves the aims of high efficiency and high power density.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to meet the requirement of high performance of a PPU (point-to-point unit) in an aviation electric propulsion system, the invention provides a three-mode variable frequency soft switching control method of a four-tube Buck-Boost converter, which can meet the requirement of a wide input voltage range and improve the efficiency and power density of the converter.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a three-mode frequency conversion soft switching control method of a four-tube Buck-Boost converter comprises the following steps:
(1) sampling and comparing the input voltage with a set output voltage value by adopting a three-mode control method, and selecting a working mode of a main circuit according to a comparison result;
(2) sampling output voltage and inductive current according to the relation between the input voltage and the output voltage in three modes, regulating PWM through a voltage outer ring and a current inner ring, and controlling the duty ratio of a Buck unit and a Boost unit;
(3) obtaining the relation between the minimum value of the inductive current and the switching frequency of the converter under different load conditions by adopting a minimum inductive current control and frequency conversion control method; the switching frequency of the converter is adjusted by adjusting the frequency of the triangular carrier wave, the minimum value of the inductive current is controlled to be unchanged, and the ripple of the inductive current is reduced.
The specific process of the step (1) is as follows: the sampling comparison of the input voltage and the set output voltage value is carried out, and the working mode of the main circuit is selected according to the comparison result as follows: when the input voltage VinBelow VoAt- Δ V, the converter operates in Boost mode; when V isinHigher than VoWhen the voltage is + delta V, the converter works in a Buck mode; when V isinIs located at [ V ]o-ΔV，Vo+ΔV]And when the area is in the region, the converter works in a Buck-Boost mode.
And (3) the relationship between the input voltage and the output voltage in the three modes in the step (2) is as follows:
wherein: vinFor input voltage, VoFor the output voltage, Δ V is a set voltage value, d1Is a switching tube Q1Duty ratio of d2Is a switching tube Q4The duty cycle of (c).
The specific process of the step (2) is as follows:
the sampled output voltage is input into a voltage loop, the voltage loop output is used as a current loop reference, and the sampled inductive current is compared with the current loop reference to generate a PWM modulation reference so as to obtain a modulation wave; the modulation wave is intercepted with the triangular carrier wave, 4 paths of PWM are generated and are respectively supplied to 4 switching tubes, the duty ratio of a Buck unit and a Boost unit is controlled, and then the output voltage is controlled.
The specific process of the step (3) is as follows:
selecting the minimum inductive current as the switching tube Q1、Q4The minimum current value required by the charging and discharging of the junction capacitor is just finished in the dead time; the method comprises the steps of sampling an inductive current, wherein the average value of the inductive current in a Buck mode is a load current effective value, and the average value of the inductive current in a Boost mode and a Buck-Boost mode is a load current effective value and a switching tube Q4A ratio of off duty cycles; according to the average sum of inductance currentDetermining the pulsating quantity of the inductive current according to the selected minimum value of the inductive current; the input voltage and the output voltage are sampled, the frequency of the triangular wave is determined by combining the pulsating quantity of the inductive current, the switching frequency is changed by changing the frequency of the triangular wave, the minimum value of the inductive current can be controlled to be unchanged, and the pulsating quantity of the inductive current is reduced while soft switching is realized.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the requirement of wide input voltage range of the converter is met, and the functions of boosting and reducing voltage are realized.
2. The converter can realize soft switching in a full-load range, and the ripple of the inductive current is minimum in a Buck mode and a Boost mode, so that the switching loss and the conduction loss of the converter can be effectively reduced, and the efficiency and the power density are improved.
3. Through a three-mode control strategy, the problem that when the input and output voltages are close to each other, the converter is frequently switched between a Buck mode and a Boost mode is solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-mode frequency conversion control schematic block diagram of a four-tube Buck-Boost converter of the invention, wherein: vinIs the input voltage; q1--Q4Is a power switch tube; l is the inductance of the converter; c is an output filter capacitor of the converter; r is resistance, VoIs the output voltage; hvSampling the coefficient for the output voltage; z1--Z3Is the impedance of the input end of the operational amplifier; v. ofin_sampSampling a signal for an input voltage; v. ofo_sampSampling a signal for an output voltage; i.e. iL_sampSampling a signal for an inductor current; vo_refIs an output voltage reference signal; v. ofeaIs an output signal; v. ofbiasIs a bias voltage; v. ofe_buckIs a switching tube Q1And Q2The modulation signal of (a); v. ofe_boostIs a switching tube Q3And Q4The modulation signal of (a); v. ofsawIs a triangular carrier signal; v. ofmodeA mode selection signal; i isminIs the minimum value of the inductive current; v. offFor frequency modulated signals, CR denotes a current regulator and VR denotes a voltage regulator.
FIG. 2 is a four-tube Buck-Boost of the present inventionA circuit topology of a converter, wherein: vinIs the input voltage; q1--Q4Is a power switch tube; d1--D4Is a switching tube Q1--Q4An equivalent anti-parallel diode; c1--C4Is a switching tube Q1--Q4The junction capacitance of (a); l is the inductance of the converter; c is a filter capacitor of the converter; v. of1Is a switching tube Q1Voltage across the drain-source; v. of2Is a switching tube Q4Voltage across the drain-source; voIs the output voltage.
Fig. 3 is a working waveform of the four-tube Buck-Boost converter of the present invention working in the Buck mode, wherein: PWM1For power switching tube Q1The drive waveform of (1); PWM4For power switching tube Q4The drive waveform of (1).
Fig. 4 is a working waveform of the four-tube Buck-Boost converter of the invention working in the Boost mode, wherein: PWM1For power switching tube Q1The drive waveform of (1); PWM4For power switching tube Q4The drive waveform of (1).
Fig. 5 is a working waveform of the four-tube Buck-Boost converter of the invention working in the Buck-Boost mode, wherein: PWM1For power switching tube Q1The drive waveform of (1); PWM4For power switching tube Q4The drive waveform of (1).
Fig. 6 is a waveform diagram of the frequency conversion control inductance current of the four-tube Buck-Boost converter.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a mode selection circuit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The circuit topology of a four-tube Buck-Boost converter related to the invention is shown in figure 2, wherein a switching tube Q1And Q2Buck unit, switching tube Q constituting converter3And Q4Boost unit, Q, forming a converter1And Q2，Q3And Q4The power switch tube is complementarily conducted. The control method of the four-tube Buck-Boost converter can be divided into single-mode control and two-mode controlSystem and three-mode control. The invention adopts a three-mode control method, the control principle block diagram is shown in figure 1, the mode selection circuit is shown in figure 7, and the converter respectively works in a Boost mode, a Buck-Boost mode and a Buck mode.
The invention divides the input voltage into three areas, and takes a smaller interval [ V ] near the output voltageo-ΔV，Vo+ΔV]. As shown in fig. 3, when the input voltage is higher than VoAt + Δ V, the converter operates in Buck mode, V1Is a switching tube Q1The drain-source both-terminal voltage of (1); v. of2Is a switching tube Q4The drain-source both-terminal voltage of (1); i.e. iLIs the inductor current; i isminIs the minimum value of the inductive current; i isLThe average value of the inductive current is; delta ILIs the pulsating quantity of the inductive current; t issIs one switching cycle; vinIs the input voltage; voIs the output voltage. Buck unit switch tube Q at this moment1Duty ratio of d1Switching tube Q2And Q1Complementary conduction for switching action, and Boost unit main power tube Q4Duty ratio d of20, i.e. switching tube Q3Normally-on, switch tube Q4Normally off, by controlling Q1Duty ratio d of1To regulate the output voltage, the converter is equivalent to a Buck converter.
Similarly, as shown in FIG. 4, when VinBelow VoAt- Δ V, the converter operates in Boost mode, V1Is a switching tube Q1The drain-source both-terminal voltage of (1); v. of2Is a switching tube Q4The drain-source both-terminal voltage of (1); i.e. iLIs the inductor current; i isminIs the minimum value of the inductive current; delta ILIs the pulsating quantity of the inductive current; t issIs one switching cycle; vinIs the input voltage; voIs the output voltage. At this time d11, switching tube Q1Always on, Q2Normally-off, switch tube Q3And Q4Complementary conduction by controlling Q4Duty ratio d of2To control the output voltage, the converter is equivalent to a Boost converter. Under Buck mode and Boost mode, the converter only has one pair of switching tubes to carry out high-frequency switching at each momentThe off action reduces the switching loss.
To solve the problem of frequent switching of the converter between buck and boost modes when the input voltage is close to the output voltage in a two-mode control, a third mode is introduced near the output voltage point. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, when VinIs located at [ V ]o-ΔV，Vo+ΔV]In intervals, the converter works in Buck-Boost mode, v1Is a switching tube Q1The drain-source both-terminal voltage of (1); v. of2Is a switching tube Q4The drain-source both-terminal voltage of (1); i.e. iLIs the inductor current; i isminIs the minimum value of the inductive current; delta ILIs the pulsating quantity of the inductive current; t issIs one switching cycle; vinIs the input voltage; voIs the output voltage. At the moment, the four switching tubes are all switched at high frequency with duty ratio d1＝d2D, switching tube Q1And Q4Are on and off simultaneously with the same duty cycle.
The relation between the input voltage and the output voltage under the three-mode control of the four-tube Buck-Boost converter is not difficult to obtain:
wherein: vinFor input voltage, VoFor the output voltage, Δ V is a set voltage value, d1Is a switching tube Q1Duty ratio of d2Is a switching tube Q4The duty cycle of (c).
As shown in fig. 1, to implement three-mode control, the present invention employs a double closed-loop PWM (pulse width modulation) control strategy of voltage outer loop and current inner loop. As shown in FIG. 7, VinIs the input voltage; voIs the output voltage; Δ V is selected voltage value, the output voltage is divided according to a certain proportion, and the divided voltage is sampled by sampling resistor and compared with two set reference values (V)oΔ V) to generate a mode select signal to determine the operating mode of the converter. In order to obtain the required output voltage, the output voltage sample of the converter is compared with the reference and sent to the voltage loop regulator, and the output of the voltage loop is taken as a current loopCompared with the inductance current, the reference of the current loop is fed into a current regulator, and the current loop generates a modulation signal of the required PWM, and the modulation signal is intersected with a triangular carrier signal to generate a PWM signal. 4 paths of PWM generated by the method are respectively supplied to 4 switching tubes, so that the duty ratio d of a Buck unit and a Boost unit is controlled1And d2And further controlling the output voltage.
In order to make the converter meet the requirements of high efficiency and high power density, the invention adopts the frequency conversion control soft switching technology. The conditions for realizing soft switching of the four-tube Buck-Boost converter are as follows: at turn-off of Q1、Q4When an inductor current i is desiredLWhen the voltage is larger than 0, the junction capacitance of the switch tube completes charging and discharging, D2And D3Then turn on Q again2And Q3At this time Q2And Q3Zero voltage turn-on is realized; at turn-off of Q2、Q3When an inductor current i is desiredLLess than 0, the junction capacitance of the switch tube completes charging and discharging, D1And D4Then turn on Q again1And Q4At this time Q1And Q4Zero voltage turn-on is achieved. Therefore, to realize soft switching, the converter needs to complete the charging and discharging of the junction capacitance within the dead time, so that the range of the inductive current can be obtained:
wherein: cossThe capacitance value of the switch tube junction capacitor is shown; t is tdeadIs the dead time; i isL_sThe inductor current value required for soft switching is achieved.
Thus, the switch tube Q1、Q4The soft switching needs to be realized by the inductive current being negative, but the inductive current is increased to be positive along with the increase of the load of the converter, so that the soft switching cannot be realized, and when the load is lightened, the inductive current is over negative and has larger pulsation, and the conduction loss of the converter is increased. Therefore, the invention controls the minimum value I of the converter inductive current by changing the switching frequencyminMinimum inductor current value required for soft switchingThe converter realizes soft switching in a full load range and reduces the current pulsation of the inductor at the same time, thereby reducing the switching loss and the conduction loss of the converter and achieving the aim of high efficiency and high power density.
The Buck mode is used as an example to explain the principle. FIG. 3 is Q1And Q4In a switching period, Q1Has an on-time of d1TsAt this time Q1And Q3Are simultaneously on, v1＝Vin，v2＝Vo. The voltage across the inductor is thus Vin-VoInductor current rises and energy passes from input through Q1Inductors L and Q3Transmitted to the output; when Q is1After being turned off, Q2And Q3Are simultaneously on, v1＝0，v2＝Vo. The voltage across the inductor is-VoThe inductor current decreases and the energy stored in the inductor is via Q2Inductors L and Q3Transmitted to the output terminal, and the converter realizes the voltage reduction function. This gives:
wherein: v. of1And v2Respectively, are the switching tubes Q shown in FIG. 21And a switching tube Q4Voltage across the drain-source; l is an inductance value; Δ iLIs the pulsating quantity of the inductive current; in Buck mode Ton＝d1TsBoost mode Ton＝d2TsT in Buck-Boost modeon＝dTs，TsD is the duty ratio of Buck unit and Boost unit, i.e. d1＝d2＝d。
Therefore, the pulsating quantity delta I of the inductive current under three modes is easily obtainedL：
Wherein:fsthe switching frequency of the switching tube is shown, and L is the inductance of the inductor in the converter.
As shown in FIG. 6, iLIs the inductor current; i isminIs the minimum value of the inductive current; delta ILIs the pulsating quantity of the inductive current; i isLThe average value of the inductive current is; t iss1The switching period corresponding to the inductor current shown by the solid line; t iss2The switching period corresponding to the inductor current is shown by the dashed line. From FIG. 6, the average value of the inductor current ILAnd the pulsating quantity Δ ILAnd minimum value of inductor current IminThe relationship between them is:
ΔIL＝2(IL-Imin) (5)
the switching frequency f can be obtained in three modes by combining the formula (3) and the formula (4)sAnd minimum value of inductor current IminThe relationship between, in Buck mode:
in Boost mode:
in Buck-Boost mode:
as can be seen from the equations (5) to (8), the switching frequency f can be adjusted under different loadssTo control the minimum inductor current IminAnd the pulsating quantity of the inductive current in the Buck mode and the Boost mode is the minimum value of the soft switch of the converter, so the conduction loss of the converter is greatly reduced. As shown in fig. 6, when the load is heavy, the inductor current is large, and the switching period T of the converter is larges1Greater, switching frequency fs1The lower the cost; when the load is relieved, the inductive current is reduced, and the switching period T of the converter is shorteneds2Small, switching frequency fs2Higher. Thus, as the load is relieved, the switching frequency fsWill increase, when the load is too light and reaches the upper limit of the switching frequency, the switching frequency will not be decreased, and the minimum inductance current of the converter will be less than the set IminThe converter is still capable of soft switching. Therefore, the converter can realize soft switching in a full load range, has small inductance current pulsation, greatly reduces the switching loss and the conduction loss, and is beneficial to improving the efficiency and the power density of the converter.
Claims (1)
1. A three-mode frequency conversion soft switching control method of a four-tube Buck-Boost converter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of sampling and comparing an input voltage with a set output voltage value by adopting a three-mode control method, and selecting a working mode of a main circuit according to a comparison result, wherein the three-mode control method comprises the following specific steps: when the input voltage VinBelow VoAt- Δ V, the converter operates in Boost mode; when V isinHigher than VoWhen the voltage is + delta V, the converter works in a Buck mode;
when V isinIs located at [ V ]o-ΔV，Vo+ΔV]In the region, the converter works in a Buck-Boost mode;
(2) sampling output voltage and inductive current according to the relation between the input voltage and the output voltage in three modes, regulating PWM through a voltage outer ring and a current inner ring, and controlling the duty ratio of a Buck unit and a Boost unit;
the relationship between the input voltage and the output voltage in the three modes is as follows:
wherein: vinFor input voltage, VoFor the output voltage, Δ V is a set voltage value, d1Upper tube Q of Buck unit1Duty ratio of d2Lower tube Q of Boost unit4Duty cycle of (d); the specific process of the step is as follows:
the sampled output voltage is input into a voltage loop, the voltage loop output is used as a current loop reference, and the sampled inductive current is compared with the current loop reference to generate a PWM modulation reference so as to obtain a modulation wave; the modulation wave and the triangular carrier are intercepted, 4 paths of PWM are generated and are respectively supplied to 4 switching tubes, the duty ratio of a Buck unit and a Boost unit is controlled, and then the output voltage is controlled;
(3) obtaining the relation between the minimum value of the inductive current and the switching frequency of the converter under different load conditions by adopting a minimum inductive current control and frequency conversion control method; the switching frequency of the converter is adjusted by adjusting the frequency of the triangular carrier wave, the minimum value of the inductive current is controlled to be unchanged, and the ripple of the inductive current is reduced; the specific process of the step is as follows:
selecting the minimum inductive current as the switching tube Q1、Q4The minimum current value required by the charging and discharging of the junction capacitor is just finished in the dead time; the method comprises the steps of sampling an inductive current, wherein the average value of the inductive current in a Buck mode is a load current effective value, and the average value of the inductive current in a Boost mode and a Buck-Boost mode is a load current effective value and a switching tube Q4A ratio of off duty cycles; determining the pulsating quantity of the inductive current according to the average value of the inductive current and the selected minimum value of the inductive current; the input voltage and the output voltage are sampled, the frequency of the triangular wave is determined by combining the pulsating quantity of the inductive current, the switching frequency is changed by changing the frequency of the triangular wave, the minimum value of the inductive current is controlled to be unchanged, and the pulsating quantity of the inductive current is reduced while soft switching is realized.
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| CN112564482B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-05-20 | 西安特来电智能充电科技有限公司 | Four-switch-tube buck-boost converter control method and device, controller and storage medium |
| CN112467983B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-04-22 | 上海空间电源研究所 | Control circuit based on buck-boost synchronous regulator |
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| CN113489323B (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2022-05-13 | 连云港杰瑞电子有限公司 | Online real-time efficiency optimization control method and device for four-switch buck-boost converter |
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| CN113497560B (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2022-07-19 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | Control method of buck-boost converter |
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| CN108900083B (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2020-09-18 | 华为技术有限公司 | Power converter and related system |
| CN108768170B (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2020-04-07 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method for controlling operation mode of Buck-Boost converter through duty ratio bias |
| CN109889047B (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2021-05-28 | 南京航空航天大学 | Two-stage DC-DC converter suitable for wide input and output voltage range |
| CN110380613B (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2021-05-14 | 南京航空航天大学 | PWM (pulse-width modulation) plus phase shift control method for realizing ZVS (zero voltage switching) of four-tube converter |
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