CN116971798B - Arch tunnel structure and arch tunnel construction method - Google Patents
Arch tunnel structure and arch tunnel construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116971798B CN116971798B CN202310954255.0A CN202310954255A CN116971798B CN 116971798 B CN116971798 B CN 116971798B CN 202310954255 A CN202310954255 A CN 202310954255A CN 116971798 B CN116971798 B CN 116971798B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/102—Removable shuttering; Bearing or supporting devices therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides an arch tunnel structure and an arch tunnel construction method. The jacking is supported by the supporting rod. A plurality of arched beams are spaced apart along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, each arched beam being supported by a plurality of jacking supports. Each lower ridge extends longitudinally along the tunnel, a plurality of lower ridges are arranged at intervals along the length track of the arched beams, and each lower ridge is at least supported by two adjacent arched beams. The arc lower template is supported by the lower ridge and spliced into an arched lower pouring surface, and the lower pouring surface is positioned at one side of the arc lower template back to the lower ridge. The stress of the pouring surface is dispersed to the length track lines of the lower edges when pouring, and is dispersed to the length track lines of the arched beams, and is dispersed to each jacking, and the length track lines of the lower edges are perpendicular to the length track lines of the arched beams, so that the arch shape is maintained when pouring the lower pouring surface. The arch tunnel structure and the arch tunnel construction method enable the surface of the poured arch roof to be smoother and the arc to be more attractive.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of tunnel construction, in particular to an arch tunnel structure and an arch tunnel construction method.
Background
At present, when constructing arch tunnel, arched vault is formed by pouring after being spliced into an arch surface through a plurality of square templates with small areas, but the square templates do not have radian, so that the shape of the last formed vault is not round enough, and when pouring, the pressure of liquid concrete is large, a plurality of arc templates spliced mutually can be caused to deform or crack, the radian of the last poured vault is poor, the arc of the vault is distorted, the surface is rough, and the forming effect of the vault is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide an arch tunnel structure and an arch tunnel construction method capable of improving the molding effect of a tunnel vault, and capable of making the surface of the vault after pouring smoother and more beautiful.
An embodiment of the application provides an arch tunnel structure, which comprises a plurality of support rods, a plurality of jacking brackets, a plurality of arch-shaped beams, a plurality of lower ribs and a plurality of arc-shaped lower templates. The jacking is positioned at the end part of the supporting rod and is supported by the supporting rod. A plurality of arched beams are spaced apart along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, each arched beam being supported by a plurality of jacking supports. Each lower ridge extends longitudinally along the tunnel, a plurality of lower ridges are arranged at intervals along the length track of the arched beams, and each lower ridge is at least supported by two adjacent arched beams. The plurality of arc lower templates are supported by the lower edge, the plurality of arc lower templates are spliced into an arched lower pouring surface, and the lower pouring surface is positioned on one side of the arc lower templates, which is back to the lower edge. The stress of the pouring surface is dispersed to the length track lines of the lower edges when pouring, and is dispersed to the length track lines of the arched beams, and is dispersed to each jacking, and the length track lines of the lower edges are perpendicular to the length track lines of the arched beams, so that the arch shape is maintained when pouring the lower pouring surface.
When the arch tunnel structure is poured, concrete is supported by the lower pouring surface, the stress of the lower pouring surface is the surface stress, the stress of the lower pouring surface can be dispersed to the length track lines of a plurality of lower ribs, the surface stress is changed into the longitudinal line stress, the stress of a plurality of lower ribs can be redispersed to the length track lines of a plurality of arch beams, the longitudinal line stress is changed into the transverse line stress, the stress of a plurality of arch beams can be redispersed to each jacking, and the transverse line stress is changed into the point stress, so that the stress is dispersed more through three-level dispersion stress, the stress is prevented from being concentrated too much, the deformation or cracking of an arc lower template is avoided, the arch is maintained all the time better when the lower pouring surface is poured, and the surface after the arch is poured is smoother and the arc is more attractive.
In some embodiments, the arch tunnel structure further includes a plurality of arc-shaped upper templates and a plurality of upper ribs, the arc-shaped upper templates can be spliced into an arch-shaped upper casting surface, the upper casting surface is located above the lower casting surface, a space between the lower casting surface and the upper casting surface is used for casting concrete, each upper rib extends longitudinally along the tunnel, the plurality of upper ribs are arranged at intervals along a width track of the upper casting surface, the upper ribs are located on one side of the arc-shaped upper templates, facing away from the arc-shaped lower templates, and the arc-shaped upper templates are fixed on the upper ribs.
In some embodiments, the arched tunnel structure further comprises a plurality of split screws, each split screw passing through and limiting the distance between the upper and lower arched templates.
In some embodiments, the arc-shaped upper template of the arch-shaped tunnel structure, which is positioned at the topmost part of the upper pouring surface, is provided with pouring holes, and the pouring holes are communicated with the space between the arc-shaped upper template and the arc-shaped lower template so as to pour concrete.
In some embodiments, at least two tubes are juxtaposed at the top of the jacking, each tube extending longitudinally along the tunnel, the jacking contacting and supporting the topmost portion of the lower surface of the arched beam through the tubes, the top of the tubes being provided with wedge blocks, the jacking contacting and supporting the non-topmost portion of the lower surface of the arched beam through the inclined surfaces of the wedge blocks.
In some embodiments, the plurality of support bars of the portion are vertically disposed, the jacking is disposed at top ends of the support bars of the portion that are vertically disposed, the plurality of support bars of the portion are horizontally disposed along the tunnel, the jacking is disposed at opposite ends of the support bars of the portion that are horizontally disposed, the plurality of support bars of the portion are horizontally disposed along the tunnel in a crossing manner, and the jacking is disposed at top ends of the support bars of the portion that are disposed in a crossing manner.
In some embodiments, the plurality of arched beams are spaced apart by a first distance and the plurality of lower ridges are spaced apart by a second distance that is less than the first distance.
In some embodiments, the arched tunnel structure further comprises two side walls and a plurality of tripod supports, the two side walls extend longitudinally along the tunnel, the arched beam is located above between the two side walls, the opposite sides of each side wall are provided with a plurality of tripod supports, and the tripod supports are used for supporting the plurality of support rods.
In some embodiments, the lower ridge is a pine having a rectangular cross section, and the arcuate lower template is secured to the lower ridge.
The application also provides an arch tunnel construction method for constructing the arch tunnel structure in any embodiment, the arch tunnel construction method comprises the following steps: pouring a concrete cushion layer, paving a waterproof coiled material on the concrete cushion layer, and pouring a waterproof layer on the waterproof coiled material to form an operation plane; pouring short side walls on two sides of the bottom plate on the operation plane; respectively pouring side walls at the tops of the two short side walls; constructing a plurality of support rods; installing jacking at the end parts of the plurality of support rods; supporting a plurality of arched beams on a plurality of jacking brackets; splicing a plurality of arc-shaped lower templates to form a lower pouring surface, wherein the arc-shaped lower templates are fixed with the lower edges during splicing, so that the lower edges and the arc-shaped lower templates are integrated, and the integrated lower edges and the integrated arc-shaped lower templates are supported on the arched beam; pouring concrete on the lower pouring surface to form a vault, wherein two sides of the vault are respectively connected with two side walls; and paving a protective layer on the outer surfaces of the bottom plate, the side wall and the vault, and backfilling broken stone outside the protective layer.
According to the arch tunnel construction method, the stress of the lower pouring surface can be dispersed to the length track lines of the lower ribs, the surface stress is changed into the longitudinal line stress, the stress of the lower ribs can be redispersed to the length track lines of the arch beams, the longitudinal line stress is changed into the transverse line stress, the stress of the arch beams can be redispersed to each jacking, and the transverse line stress is changed into the point stress, so that the stress is dispersed more through three-level dispersion stress, the stress is prevented from being too concentrated, the arc lower template is prevented from deforming or cracking, the arch is maintained better all the time when the lower pouring surface is poured, and the surface of the vault after pouring is smoother and the arc is more attractive.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for constructing an arch tunnel according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the arch tunnel construction method of fig. 1 after S1 is completed.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the arch tunnel construction method of fig. 1 after S2 is completed.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the arch tunnel construction method of fig. 1 after S3 is completed.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view after S9 is completed in the arch tunnel construction method of fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the arch tunnel construction method of fig. 1 after S10 is completed.
Fig. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of an arch-shaped tunnel structure in accordance with an embodiment of the application.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an arch beam and lower ridge in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an arch beam and lower rib according to another embodiment of the present application.
Description of the main reference signs
Arched tunnel structure 100
Support bar 10
Jacking 20
Pipe body 21
Wedge block 22
Arched beam 30
Lower edge 40
Arc lower die plate 50
Arc-shaped upper die plate 60
Pouring hole 61
Upper ridge 70
Reinforcing bar 71
Opposite-pulling screw 80
Round tube 81
Arcuate plate 82
Tripod support 90
Arch tunnel construction method 200
Work plane 210
Bottom plate 220
Short side wall 230
Side wall 240
Vault 250
Protective layer 260
Temporary work platform 270
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application refers to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate some, but not all embodiments of the application.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or intervening components may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "vertical" is used to describe an ideal state between two components. In the actual production or use state, there may be an approximately vertical state between the two components. For example, in conjunction with the numerical description, perpendicular may refer to an angle between two straight lines ranging between 90++10°, perpendicular may also refer to a dihedral angle between two planes ranging between 90++10°, and perpendicular may also refer to an angle between a straight line and a plane ranging between 90++10°. The two components described as "perpendicular" may be considered "straight" or "planar" as they are considered "straight" or "planar" in that they are not strictly straight or planar, but may be substantially straight or planar in that they extend in a macroscopic manner.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "or/and" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
At present, when constructing arch tunnel, arched vault is formed by pouring after being spliced into an arch surface through a plurality of small-area arc templates, but when pouring, the pressure of liquid concrete is large, so that the arc templates spliced mutually can deform or even crack, the radian of the vault poured finally is poor, the arc of the vault is distorted and the surface is rough, and finally the forming effect of the vault is poor.
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide an arch tunnel structure and an arch tunnel construction method capable of improving the molding effect of a tunnel vault, and capable of making the surface of the vault after pouring smoother and more beautiful. The arch tunnel structure comprises a plurality of support rods, a plurality of jacking supports, a plurality of arched beams, a plurality of lower ribs and a plurality of arc lower templates. The jacking is positioned at the end part of the supporting rod and is supported by the supporting rod. A plurality of arched beams are spaced apart along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, each arched beam being supported by a plurality of jacking supports. Each lower ridge extends longitudinally along the tunnel, a plurality of lower ridges are arranged at intervals along the length track of the arched beams, and each lower ridge is at least supported by two adjacent arched beams. The plurality of arc lower templates are supported by the lower edge, the plurality of arc lower templates are spliced into an arched lower pouring surface, and the lower pouring surface is positioned on one side of the arc lower templates, which is back to the lower edge. The stress of the pouring surface is dispersed to the length track lines of the lower edges when pouring, and is dispersed to the length track lines of the arched beams, and is dispersed to each jacking, and the length track lines of the lower edges are perpendicular to the length track lines of the arched beams, so that the arch shape is maintained when pouring the lower pouring surface.
When the arch tunnel structure is poured, concrete is supported by the lower pouring surface, the stress of the lower pouring surface is the surface stress, the stress of the lower pouring surface can be dispersed to the length track lines of a plurality of lower ribs, the surface stress is changed into the longitudinal line stress, the stress of a plurality of lower ribs can be redispersed to the length track lines of a plurality of arch beams, the longitudinal line stress is changed into the transverse line stress, the stress of a plurality of arch beams can be redispersed to each jacking, and the transverse line stress is changed into the point stress, so that the stress is dispersed more through three-level dispersion stress, the stress is prevented from being concentrated too much, the deformation or cracking of an arc lower template is avoided, the arch is maintained all the time better when the lower pouring surface is poured, and the surface after the arch is poured is smoother and the arc is more attractive.
Some embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without collision.
Referring to fig. 1, 5,7 and 8, an arch tunnel structure 100 and an arch tunnel construction method 200 are provided in an embodiment of the application, the arch tunnel construction method 200 is used for constructing the arch tunnel structure 100, and the arch tunnel structure 100 is used for pouring and forming a vault of an arch tunnel. The arched tunnel structure 100 includes a plurality of support rods 10, a plurality of jacking 20, a plurality of arched beams 30, a plurality of lower ribs 40, and a plurality of arched lower templates 50. The support rods 10 are built in the foundation pit of the tunnel in a staggered manner to form a support structure. A jacking 20 is mounted to the end of a portion of the support bar 10, the jacking 20 being adapted to contact the arched beam 30 to effect support of the arched beam 30 by the support bar 10. A plurality of arched beams 30 are spaced apart along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the length of each arched beam 30 extends along the cross-section of the tunnel, with each arched beam 30 being supported by a plurality of jacking 20. Each lower ridge 40 extends longitudinally along the tunnel, the length trajectory of the lower ridge 40 is perpendicular to the length trajectory of the arched beams 30, a plurality of lower ridges 40 are arranged at intervals along the length trajectory of the arched beams 30, the lower ridge 40 is located above the arched beams 30, and each lower ridge 40 is supported by at least two adjacent arched beams 30. The plurality of arc lower templates 50 are located above the lower ridge 40 and supported by the lower ridge 40, and the plurality of arc lower templates 50 can be spliced into an arched lower pouring surface, and the lower pouring surface is located on one side of the arc lower templates 50, which faces away from the lower ridge 40, namely, is arranged upwards.
When pouring, concrete is supported by the lower pouring surface, the stress of the lower pouring surface is the surface stress, the stress of the lower pouring surface can be dispersed to the length track lines of the lower ribs 40, the surface stress is changed into the longitudinal line stress, the stress of the lower ribs 40 can be redispersed to the length track lines of the arched beams 30, the longitudinal line stress is changed into the transverse line stress, the stress of the arched beams 30 can be redispersed to each jacking 20, and the transverse line stress is changed into the point stress, so that the stress is dispersed more through three-level dispersion stress, the stress is prevented from being concentrated too, the deformation or cracking of the arc-shaped lower templates 50 is avoided, the arch shape is maintained all the time better when the lower pouring surface is poured, and the surface after the vault is poured is smoother and the arc shape is more attractive.
In order to better maintain the arch of the tunnel roof, the plurality of arched beams 30 are arranged at intervals of a first distance, and the plurality of lower ridges 40 are arranged at intervals of a second distance, which is smaller than the first distance, so that more lower ridges 40 are distributed on each arched beam 30, and the lower ridges 40 distribute the stress to the arched beams 30 more uniformly, and the stress distribution to the arched beams 30 is more uniform. In addition, during casting, the arc shape of the arc-shaped lower mold plate 50 between two adjacent lower ridges 40 may be flattened under the pressure of concrete, so that according to the principle of calculus, even if the arc shape of the arc-shaped lower mold plate 50 is flattened, the closer the distance between each two adjacent lower ridges 40 is, the more graceful the arc shape of the lower casting surface is. According to a great deal of field operation experience, the second distance is equal to one fifth of the first distance, and the arched shape after pouring is made to be the most attractive on the basis of saving building materials and manpower. By way of illustrative example, a plurality of arched beams 30 are positioned 75 cm apart and a plurality of lower ribs 40 are positioned 15 cm apart.
Referring to fig. 5 and 7, in some embodiments, the arch tunnel structure 100 further includes a plurality of arc-shaped upper templates 60 and a plurality of upper ribs 70, and the plurality of arc-shaped upper templates 60 can be spliced to form an arch-shaped upper casting surface, the upper casting surface is located above the lower casting surface, and a space between the lower casting surface and the upper casting surface is used for casting concrete. Each upper ridge 70 extends longitudinally along the tunnel, a plurality of upper ridges 70 are arranged at intervals along the width track of the upper pouring surface, the upper ridges 70 are positioned on one side of the arc-shaped upper template 60, which faces away from the arc-shaped lower template 50, namely, the upper ridges 70 are positioned above the arc-shaped upper template 60, the arc-shaped upper template 60 is fixed on the upper ridges 70, and the upper ridges 70 are fixed in position through back binding steel bars 71. When pouring, the upper pouring surface can transfer the surface stress to the upper edge 70, so that the surface stress is changed into the line stress, and the stress is dispersed, and because the upper pouring surface is smaller than the lower pouring surface in stress, the upper edge 70 can bear the dispersed stress after being bundled by the reinforcing steel bars 71, the stress is not required to be dispersed again, and redundant consumables and manpower are avoided.
In some embodiments, the lower ridge 40 and the upper ridge 70 are loose wood with rectangular cross sections, the arc-shaped lower templates 50 are nailed on the lower ridge 40, and the plurality of arc-shaped lower templates 50 and the plurality of lower ridges 40 are integrated, so that the lower ridge 40 can be lapped on the arched beam 30, the arc-shaped lower templates 50 and the arched beam 30 do not need to be fixed, and the construction efficiency is improved. Similarly, the arc-shaped upper templates 60 are nailed on the upper ribs 70, the arc-shaped upper templates 60 and the upper ribs 70 are integrated, and the upper ribs 70 are fixed in position by binding reinforcing steel bars 71 on the back, so that the arc-shaped upper templates 60 are fixed, and the construction efficiency can be improved.
In some embodiments, the arch tunnel structure 100 further includes a plurality of split screws 80, each split screw 80 passing through the arched beam 30, the upper and lower curved templates 60, 50 and configured to limit the distance between the upper and lower curved templates 60, 50 to avoid expansion cracking of the upper and lower curved templates 60, 50 during casting. The arched tunnel structure 100 further includes an arc plate 82 and two circular tubes 81, the bottom end of the opposite-pulling screw 80 compresses the arc surface through the arc plate 82 and the two circular tubes 81 (i.e. double-spliced steel tubes), the circular tubes 81 extend longitudinally along the tunnel, the arc plate 82 compresses the side walls of the two circular tubes 81 to the bottom of the arched beam 30, the side walls of the two circular tubes 81 are in line contact with the arc surface of the bottom of the arched beam 30, so that opposite-pulling effect is achieved, and similarly, the top of the opposite-pulling screw 80 also needs to be in contact with the top surface of the arc-shaped steel bar 71, so that the side walls of the two circular tubes 81 are compressed to the top surface of the steel bar 71 through the arc plate 82, and the side walls of the two circular tubes 81 are in line contact with the arc-shaped top of the steel bar 71, so that fastening opposite-pulling is achieved.
In some embodiments, the arc-shaped upper mold plate 60 of the arch-shaped tunnel structure 100 positioned at the top of the upper casting surface is provided with casting holes 61, the casting holes 61 extend longitudinally along the tunnel, and the casting holes 61 communicate with the space between the arc-shaped upper mold plate 60 and the arc-shaped lower mold plate 50 to realize casting of concrete.
In some embodiments, at least two tubes 21 are juxtaposed on top of the jacking 20, each tube 21 extending longitudinally along the tunnel. If the jacking 20 radially abuts the arched beam 30 just along the arc at the bottom of the arched beam 30, the jacking 20 need only contact and support the lower surface of the arched beam 30 through the tube 21, e.g., a vertical jacking 20 supports the topmost portion of the arched beam 30 through the tube 21, or an inclined jacking 20 supports the non-topmost portion of the arched beam 30 through the tube 21. If the jacking 20 cannot fully contact the lower surface of the arched beam 30 directly through the pipe body 21, for example, when the vertical jacking 20 supports the non-top portion of the arched beam 30, the wedge block 22 is placed on the top portion of the pipe body 21, the jacking 20 contacts and supports the lower surface of the arched beam 30 through the inclined surfaces of the wedge blocks 22, the wedge blocks 22 have a plurality of types, the inclined surface of each type of wedge block 22 has different inclination, and each jacking 20 selects a required wedge block 22 according to its own position, so that the inclined surface of the wedge block 22 can more fully contact the lower surface of the arched beam 30, thereby stably supporting the arched beam 30. In other embodiments, wedge 22 has an arcuate surface rather than an inclined surface, the arcuate surface of wedge 22 being configured to contact the lower surface of arched beam 30 sufficiently to more fully distribute the force applied by wedge 22 and further promote stability of arched beam 30.
By way of illustrative example, when jacking 20 is in direct contact with arched beam 30 through body 21, body 21 is circular in cross-section and makes line contact with arched beam 30, allowing body 21 to stably contact arched beam 30. When the jacking 20 contacts the arched beam 30 through the wedge 22, the cross section of the tube 21 is square to fully contact the flat bottom surface of the wedge 22, improving the stability of the wedge 22.
In some embodiments, a portion of the plurality of support rods 10 are disposed vertically, and the jacking 20 is disposed at the top end of a portion of the vertically disposed support rods 10. The supporting rods 10 of the part are horizontally arranged along the transverse direction of the tunnel, the jacking supports 20 are arranged at two opposite ends of the supporting rods 10 of the part which are horizontally arranged, and the jacking supports 20 at the two ends are used for supporting the arched beams 30. The supporting rods 10 of the parts are transversely crossed along the tunnel to form transverse scissors, and the jacking 20 is arranged at the top ends of the supporting rods 10 of the parts which are transversely arranged.
In some embodiments, the arcuate lower template 50 is a custom-made curved 1.5cm thick wood template, the arched beam 30 is an I14 steel I beam, the lower ridges 40 are 5cm x 10cm square wood, and the plurality of lower ridges 40 are disposed at 15cm intervals. Similarly, the arc-shaped upper template 60 also adopts a wood template with a customized curved surface and a thickness of 1.5cm, the upper ridges 70 also adopt square woods with the thickness of 5cm x 10cm, and the upper ridges 70 are also arranged at intervals of 15 cm. The upper ridge 70 is tightly bound by the reinforcing steel bars 71 by adopting double-spliced phi 32 reinforcing steel bars, and the reinforcing steel bars 71 are transversely arranged along the tunnel and are arranged at a spacing of 75 cm.
In some embodiments, the arch-shaped tunnel structure 100 further includes two side walls 240 and a plurality of tripod supports 90, the two side walls 240 extend longitudinally along the tunnel, the arched beam 30 is located above between the two side walls 240, and a plurality of tripod supports 90 are disposed on opposite sides of each side wall 240, and the tripod supports 90 are used for supporting the plurality of support rods 10 in an auxiliary manner to improve the strength and stability of the support rods 10.
Referring to fig. 8 and 9, in some embodiments, each lower ridge 40 of the plurality of arched beams 30 extends longitudinally along the tunnel at all times, i.e., each lower ridge 40 spans all of the arched beams 30 to facilitate construction design. In other embodiments, each lower ridge 40 does not extend all the way along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the lower ridges 40 on opposite sides of some of the arched beams 30 are staggered so that when the lower ridges 40 cannot continue to extend due to insufficient length, the lower ridge 40 on the other side can have enough area to contact the arched beams 30, thereby avoiding the ends of the lower ridges 40 on both sides from crowding at the same location of the arched beams 30 and improving stability.
Referring to fig. 1-6, in some embodiments, an arch tunnel construction method 200 includes:
s1: pouring a concrete cushion layer in a tunnel foundation pit, paving a waterproof coiled material on the concrete cushion layer, and pouring a waterproof layer on the waterproof coiled material to form an operation plane 210, as shown in fig. 2;
S2: casting a bottom plate 220 and short side walls 230 on two sides of the bottom plate 220 on a working plane 210, as shown in fig. 3;
S3: side walls 240 are respectively poured on the tops of the two short side walls 230, as shown in fig. 4;
s4: constructing a plurality of support poles 10 as shown in fig. 5;
S5: the jacking 20 is installed at the ends of the plurality of support rods 10 as shown in fig. 5;
s6: supporting a plurality of arched beams 30 on a plurality of jacking 20, as shown in fig. 5 and 7;
S7: splicing a plurality of arc-shaped lower templates 50 to form a lower pouring surface, wherein the arc-shaped lower templates 50 and the lower ribs 40 are fixed during splicing, so that the lower ribs 40 and the arc-shaped lower templates 50 are integrated, and the integrated lower ribs 40 and the integrated arc-shaped lower templates 50 are supported on the arched beam 30, as shown in fig. 5 and 7;
s8: splicing a plurality of arc-shaped upper templates 60 above the lower casting surface to form an upper casting surface, as shown in fig. 5 and 7;
s9: pouring concrete between the lower pouring surface and the upper pouring surface to form a dome 250, and connecting two sides of the dome with two side walls 240 respectively, as shown in fig. 5;
s10: a protective layer 260 is laid on the outer surfaces of the bottom plate 220, the side walls 240 and the dome 250, and crushed stone backfilling is performed on the outer side of the protective layer 260, as shown in fig. 6.
In some embodiments, the concrete cushion is a fine stone concrete cushion with a thickness of 5CM, and the waterproof layer is a fine stone waterproof protective layer with a thickness of 5CM, so that the working plane 210 connects the engineering foundation and the building without leakage, is a waterproof first barrier of the whole engineering, and plays a role in resisting external rainwater and groundwater leakage.
In some embodiments, the floor rebars are tied after completion of the work plane 210, the low side wall forms are installed, the water stop steel plates are installed, and the floor 220 and the low side walls 230 are cast. Short sidewall 230 is preferably positioned to have a height in the range of 200-300mm from bottom plate 220, and is constructed of C35P10 barrier concrete.
In some embodiments, after the short side wall concrete strength meets the requirement, roughening treatment is performed, then the side wall steel bars are bound, and temporary working platforms 270 are set up on two sides of the short side wall 230 before the side wall steel bars are bound, so that constructors can build templates. The side wall template is reinforced by a main ridge, and the main ridge adopts a square steel pipe with the vertical length of 50-3 mm and the space of 150mm; two transverse double-spliced 48 mm-3 mm straightening steel pipes are arranged; adopting M14 counter-pulling screws, and carrying out counter-pulling at the interval of 450 mm; and the bracket is erected by adopting a steel pipe frame with the step pitch of 600 x 900, and the side wall concrete is poured after the reinforcement is finished to form the side wall 240.
In some embodiments, after the side wall 240 is poured, the side wall template is removed, and then a vault support system is set up, the support rods 10 are 600×600×900 steel pipes, and all the vertical rods are set up with the aid of horizontal scissor struts, longitudinal scissor struts and transverse scissor struts, so that the stability of the frame body is further ensured.
In some embodiments, when pouring vault concrete, layered symmetrical pouring is performed, the pouring height of each layer is not more than 40cm, and meanwhile, an inserted vibrator is used for uniform vibration, so that pouring quality is improved.
In some embodiments, the protective layer 260 is a 0.5mm thick self-adhesive waterproofing membrane and tile membranes, which provide protection.
In some embodiments, in order to test a tunnel, a tunnel concrete structure for experiments is generally poured in a laboratory, a tunnel formed by using the arch-shaped tunnel structure 100 and the arch-shaped tunnel construction method 200 is used for indoor test, the overall size of the tunnel is smaller than that of an actually used tunnel, and the arch-shaped tunnel structure 100 and the arch-shaped tunnel construction method 200 are applicable to a tunnel structure constructed by an open-cut method.
In addition, those skilled in the art will recognize that the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to be limiting, as appropriate modifications and variations of the foregoing embodiments are within the scope of the disclosure of the application.
Claims (5)
1. An arch-shaped tunnel structure, comprising:
a plurality of support bars;
The jacking supports are positioned at the end parts of the supporting rods and supported by the supporting rods;
The arched beams are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, each arched beam is supported by a plurality of jacking supports, and the arched beams are arranged at intervals by taking a first distance;
The lower ribs extend longitudinally along the tunnel, the lower ribs are arranged at intervals along the length track of the arched beam, each lower rib is supported by the arched beam, the lower ribs are pine with rectangular cross sections, the lower ribs are arranged at intervals by a second distance which is smaller than the first distance, and each lower rib spans all the arched beams;
The arc-shaped lower templates are supported by the lower ribs and spliced to form an arched lower pouring surface, the lower pouring surface is positioned on one side of the arc-shaped lower templates, which is opposite to the lower ribs, the arc-shaped lower templates are nailed on the lower ribs, and the arc-shaped lower templates and the lower ribs are integrated into a whole, so that the lower ribs are lapped on the arched beam;
The stress of the lower pouring surface is dispersed to the length track lines of a plurality of lower ribs during pouring, the lower pouring surface is dispersed to the length track lines of a plurality of arched beams, the lower pouring surface is dispersed to each jacking, and the length track lines of the lower ribs are perpendicular to the length track lines of the arched beams, so that the lower pouring surface maintains an arch shape during pouring;
The arch tunnel structure further comprises a plurality of arc-shaped upper templates and a plurality of upper ribs, the arc-shaped upper templates can be spliced into an arch-shaped upper pouring surface, the upper pouring surface is positioned above the lower pouring surface, a space between the lower pouring surface and the upper pouring surface is used for pouring concrete, each upper rib longitudinally extends along a tunnel, the plurality of upper ribs are arranged at intervals along the width track of the upper pouring surface, the upper ribs are positioned on one side of the arc-shaped upper templates, which is opposite to the arc-shaped lower templates, and the arc-shaped upper templates are fixed on the upper ribs; the upper edge is fixed in position by binding steel bars on the back; the upper ridge is pine with a rectangular section; the arc-shaped upper templates are nailed on the upper ridges, and a plurality of arc-shaped upper templates and a plurality of upper ridges form a whole;
The arch tunnel structure further comprises a plurality of opposite-pulling screws, each opposite-pulling screw penetrates through the arch-shaped beam, the arc-shaped upper template and the arc-shaped lower template and is used for limiting the distance between the arc-shaped upper template and the arc-shaped lower template, the opposite-pulling screws contact the cambered surface at the bottom of the arch-shaped beam, and the top of each opposite-pulling screw contacts the top surface of the arc-shaped steel bar;
The support rods of the part are vertically arranged, the jacking is arranged at the top ends of the support rods of the vertical arrangement of the part, the support rods of the part are horizontally arranged along the transverse direction of the tunnel, the jacking is arranged at the opposite ends of the support rods of the horizontal arrangement of the part, the support rods of the part are transversely crossed along the tunnel, and the jacking is arranged at the top ends of the support rods of the cross arrangement of the part.
2. The arch tunnel structure of claim 1, wherein the upper arc form at the top of the upper casting surface is provided with casting holes, and the casting holes communicate with a space between the upper arc form and the lower arc form to cast concrete.
3. An arch-shaped tunnel structure of claim 1, wherein the top of said jacking has at least two tubes juxtaposed, each of said tubes extending longitudinally along the tunnel, said jacking contacting and supporting the topmost portion of the lower surface of said arched beam through said tubes, the top of said tubes having a wedge disposed thereon, said jacking contacting and supporting the non-topmost portion of the lower surface of said arched beam through the inclined surfaces of said wedge.
4. The arch-shaped tunnel structure of claim 1, further comprising two side walls and a plurality of tripod supports, wherein the two side walls extend longitudinally along the tunnel, the arched beam is positioned above the space between the two side walls, and a plurality of tripod supports are disposed on opposite sides of each side wall, and are used for supporting a plurality of support rods.
5. An arch tunnel construction method for constructing the arch tunnel structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:
Pouring a concrete cushion layer, paving a waterproof coiled material on the concrete cushion layer, and pouring a waterproof layer on the waterproof coiled material to form an operation plane;
pouring a bottom plate and short side walls on two sides of the bottom plate on the operation plane;
respectively pouring side walls at the tops of the two short side walls;
building a plurality of support rods;
installing the jacking at the end parts of a plurality of supporting rods;
supporting a plurality of said arched beams on a plurality of said jacking;
splicing a plurality of arc-shaped lower templates to form the lower pouring surface, wherein the arc-shaped lower templates are fixed with the lower ridge during splicing, so that the lower ridge and the arc-shaped lower templates are integrated, and the integrated lower ridge and the integrated arc-shaped lower templates are supported on the arched beam;
pouring concrete on the lower pouring surface to form a vault, wherein two sides of the vault are respectively connected with the two side walls;
and paving protective layers on the outer surfaces of the bottom plate, the side walls and the vault, and backfilling broken stone on the outer sides of the protective layers.
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| CA2830108C (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2019-04-16 | Coobs Canada Limited | A formwork for use in the construction of arched structures and a method of constructing arched structures |
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| JPH0571295A (en) * | 1991-09-13 | 1993-03-23 | Okumura Corp | Movable form device for gradually changed sectional tunnel |
| JPH07139295A (en) * | 1993-11-17 | 1995-05-30 | Ishikawajima Constr Materials Co Ltd | Method for constructing arched tunnel |
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| CN116971798A (en) | 2023-10-31 |
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