CN116963783A - 具有基因转移活性的聚乙烯亚胺-胆酸的以离子键键合的化合物及其用途 - Google Patents
具有基因转移活性的聚乙烯亚胺-胆酸的以离子键键合的化合物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于基因转移的聚乙烯‑胆酸的以离子键键合的化合物及其用途,更具体地,涉及一种其中聚乙烯亚胺与胆酸彼此以离子键键合的化合物、其制备方法、其基因转移方法及其用于基因转移的用途。具有低毒性且在基因转移效率方面是卓越的,本发明的聚乙烯‑胆酸衍生物可用于基因转移,并可在基因治疗中得到广泛应用。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及一种具有基因转移能力的聚乙烯亚胺-胆酸的离子合物及其用途,具体涉及一种其中聚乙烯亚胺与胆酸以离子键键合的化合物、其制备方法、其基因转移方法及用于基因转移的用途。
背景技术
基因治疗是指通过向患者的细胞内注射诸如pDNA和siRNA的遗传物质来纠正遗传缺陷,或预防或治疗由细胞的基因改变引起的诸如癌症、传染病和自身免疫性疾病的所有遗传缺陷的方法。这种基因治疗作为一种突破性治疗方法,能够实现癌症治疗或由基因改变引起的疾病的治疗,正在受到关注。
对于这种基因治疗,正在对能够在细胞内递送具有治疗效果的遗传物质的基因递送剂(例如病毒、脂质体和聚合物)的开发进行积极地研究。
另一方面,生物相容性聚合物是药物递送剂的成分,用于开发有效的系统来递送各种治疗剂,所述治疗剂例如化学药物、造影剂、肽、蛋白质和遗传物质。
其中,聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)是一种阳离子聚合物,由高浓度的阳离子氨基组成,具有通过压缩负电荷的核酸物质来形成胶体粒子的能力、以及通过胞吞作用进入细胞的能力。
基因转移分为诸如穿过细胞膜、内质体逃逸和穿过核膜这三个主要类别,与其它基因递送剂不同,使用聚乙烯亚胺的复合物能够利用pH缓冲能力通过质子海绵效应有效地进行内质体逃逸。然而,相对高分子的聚乙烯亚胺虽然可以有效转移基因,但具有强的细胞毒性;低分子量的聚乙烯亚胺具有低的细胞毒性,但基因转移效率相对较差。
另一方面,与胆固醇相比,胆酸表现出高的亲水性和生物相容性,并且由于两亲性,胆酸可以有效破坏细胞膜的稳定性,因此其在构建基因递送剂方面是有效的。此外,作为在核膜上表达的类固醇受体的配体,它能够提高基因转移效率。使用胆酸来合成聚乙烯亚胺衍生物的先前的研究提高了基因转移效率,但通过复杂的化学式合成衍生物存在困难。
基于此,本公开能够简单地形成作为衍生物的化合物,其中各种类型的胆酸与具有各种分子量的聚乙烯亚胺以离子键键合,揭示了其基因递送剂的功用。
发明内容
技术目标
本公开的目的在于,提供一种具有低毒性和有效的基因转移效率的基因递送剂、其制备方法以及使用该递送剂进行细胞内基因转移的方法。
技术方案
为实现上述目的,本公开提供了一种基因递送剂,其中,聚乙烯亚胺与胆酸以离子键键合,所述基因递送剂由以下化学式1表示。
[化学式1]
在化学式1中,m为2至930的整数,且n为58至930的整数。
另外,本公开还提供了一种用于基因转移的组合物,所述组合物包含所述基因递送剂和基因。
另外,本公开还提供了一种基因递送剂的制备方法,所述方法包括:(a)将聚乙烯亚胺溶解在醇溶液中,并加入酸溶液以进行反应;以及(b)将胆酸与所述溶液混合并进行反应,然后进行超声处理,以获得所述基因递送剂。
另外,本公开还提供了一种转移基因的方法,所述方法包括使所述基因递送剂与细胞接触。
有益效果
本公开的聚乙烯亚胺-胆酸衍生物具有低毒性和优异的基因转移效率,因此其可用于基因转移,以广泛应用于基因治疗。
附图说明
图1示出了对使用三种类型聚乙烯亚胺和三种类型胆酸来制备化合物的方法进行说明的图,在所述化合物中,聚乙烯亚胺与胆酸以离子键键合。
图2示出了通过傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)分析石胆酸化的线性聚乙烯亚胺(LPL)的结果。
图3示出了在中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞和宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)中,对使用共价键的PLC与以离子键键合的石胆酸化的线性聚乙烯亚胺(LPL)的基因转移效率和细胞毒性进行比较的结果。
图4示出了在中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞中评价合成的基因递送剂的转染效率和细胞毒性的结果。
图5示出了在中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞中,根据聚乙烯亚胺和DNA的剂量(重量比)来评价合成的基因递送剂的转染效率和细胞毒性的结果。
图6示出了根据pH控制来评价本公开的化合物的转染效率的结果。
图7示出了通过调整DNA与化合物的最佳比例(1:4)和pH(6.9至7.1)来评价制备的基因递送剂的基因转移效率和细胞毒性的结果。
具体实施方式
通过鉴定其中聚乙烯亚胺与胆酸以离子键键合的化合物在各种细胞系(中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞、宫颈癌细胞(HeLa))中具有低毒性和优异的基因转移效率,完成了本公开。
因此,本公开提供了一种基因递送剂,其中,聚乙烯亚胺与胆酸以离子键键合,所述基因递送剂由以下化学式1表示。
[化学式1]
在化学式1中,m为2至930的整数,且n为58至930的整数。图1示出了对其中聚乙烯亚胺与胆酸以离子键键合的方法进行说明的图。
聚乙烯亚胺可以是线性聚乙烯亚胺(线性PEI)或支化聚乙烯亚胺(支化PEI)。优选地,聚乙烯亚胺可以是线性聚乙烯亚胺。
在本公开的实施中,当分子量较小时,线性聚乙烯亚胺的基因转移效率可能会降低;当分子量较大时,可能会出现细胞毒性。已知支化聚乙烯亚胺中的支链数为在主链中每3至3.5个氮原子约一个支链,此种聚乙烯亚胺可溶于水、醇、乙二醇(glycol)、二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃和酯类,而已知不溶于高分子量的烃类、油酸和乙醚。另外,聚乙烯亚胺可以与大多数氯化溶剂缓慢反应,以与酮类进行交联。
聚乙烯亚胺的重均分子量可以为2500-40000。如果重均分子量小于2500,则在转染方面存在限制;如果重均分子量大于40000,则也在细胞毒性方面存在限制,因此期望使用上述范围内的聚乙烯亚胺。
胆酸可以是选自于由石胆酸、脱氧胆酸和牛磺胆酸所组成的组中的一种或多种类型,但不限于此。
在本公开中,根据胆酸的类型和聚乙烯亚胺的类型对化合物进行命名。例如,将其中使用了石胆酸和线性聚乙烯亚胺(线性PEI)的化合物称为石胆酸线性PEI(LPL)。
基因可以选自于由gDNA、cDNA、质粒DNA、mRNA、tRNA、rRNA、反义核苷酸、错义核苷酸和生产蛋白质的核苷酸所组成的组。例如,基因可以是表达表皮生长因子(EGF)、成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)、血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)、转化生长因子-b(TGF-b)、血管内皮生长因子(vEGF)或胰岛素的基因,但不一定限于此。
另外,本公开还提供了一种用于基因转移的组合物,所述组合物包含所述基因递送剂;以及基因。
在这种情况下,基因递送剂与基因优选以(4-6):1的重量比被包含在内,因为其显示出低毒性和最高效的基因转移。
本公开的组合物包含通常用作药学上可接受的载体的乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、山梨糖醇、甘露醇、淀粉、阿拉伯胶、磷酸钙、海藻酸、明胶、硅酸钙、微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、纤维素、水、糖浆、甲基纤维素、羟基苯甲酸甲酯、羟基苯甲酸丙酯、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁和矿物油,但不限于此。除了上述成分以外,本公开的组合物还可以进一步包含润滑剂、湿润剂、甜味剂、调味剂、乳化剂、悬浮剂和防腐剂。
另外,本公开还提供了一种制备基因递送剂的方法,所述方法包括:(a)将聚乙烯亚胺溶解在醇溶液中,并加入酸溶液以进行反应;以及(b)将胆酸与所述溶液混合并进行反应,然后进行超声处理,以获得由化学式1表示的基因递送剂。
为制备其中聚乙烯亚胺与胆酸以离子键键合的化合物,在步骤(a)中,将聚乙烯亚胺溶解在醇溶液中,并加入酸溶液以进行反应。醇溶液为选自于由甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、戊醇和己醇所组成的组中的一种或多种类型,但不一定限于此。
步骤(b)是如下步骤:通过将胆酸与所述溶液混合并进行反应,然后进行超声处理,以获得由化学式1表示的基因递送剂,其中,将胆酸单独混合在醇溶液中,加入到步骤(a)中得到的溶液中。
使步骤(b)中得到的溶液进行真空浓缩以将溶剂完全除去,然后进行超声处理,以获得其中聚乙烯亚胺与胆酸以离子键键合的化合物。
在这种情况下,优选将步骤(b)中得到的含有聚乙烯亚胺和胆酸的溶液的pH调节至6.9至7.1。这是因为能够最有效地制备聚乙烯亚胺和胆酸的离子化合物。
此外,在步骤(b)中将胆酸混合后,就产率而言,进行反应1小时至3小时是最优选的,该反应时间可根据反应条件进行改变。
另外,本公开还提供了一种转移基因的方法,所述方法包括使由化学式1表示的基因递送剂与细胞在体内或体外接触。
实施例
下面,将根据示例实施例对本公开进行详细描述,所述示例实施例并不限制本公开的范围。显然,本公开的以下示例实施例仅是为了体现本公开,而不限制或限定本公开的权利的范围。因此,本公开所属领域的技术人员可以从本公开的详细描述和示例实施例中容易推断出的内容均被解释为落入本公开的权利的范围内。
<实施例1>以离子键键合的基因递送剂的合成
将在以下示例实施例中对本公开进行更详细的说明。这些示例实施例仅用于说明,本公开的范围不受到这些示例实施例的限制。
1-1.石胆酸化的线性聚乙烯亚胺(LPL)的合成
将线性聚乙烯亚胺(重均分子量2500)溶解在甲醇中,加入盐酸(HCl)水溶液,在室温下进行反应30分钟。加入溶解在甲醇中的石胆酸,再进行反应2小时。反应结束后,通过旋转蒸发浓缩器形成脂质膜制剂。通过真空浓缩将溶剂完全除去。之后,加入蒸馏水,通过超声处理形成基因递送剂(图1)。此外,使用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)检查合成的完成情况(图2)。
1-2.脱氧胆酸化的线性聚乙烯亚胺(DPL)的合成
使用脱氧胆酸代替石胆酸,以与上述实施例1-1相同的方式进行制备(图1)。
1-3.牛磺胆酸化的线性聚乙烯亚胺(TPL)的合成
使用牛磺胆酸代替石胆酸,以与上述实施例1-1相同的方式进行制备(图1)。
1-4.石胆酸化的线性聚乙烯亚胺(LPH)的合成
使用重均分子量为4000的线性聚乙烯亚胺代替重均分子量为2500的线性聚乙烯亚胺,以与上述实施例1-1相同的方式进行制备(图1)。
1-5.脱氧胆酸化的线性聚乙烯亚胺(DPH)的合成
使用重均分子量为4500的线性聚乙烯亚胺代替重均分子量为2500的线性聚乙烯亚胺,并使用脱氧胆酸代替石胆酸,以与上述实施例1-2相同的方式进行制备(图1)。
1-6.牛磺胆酸化的线性聚乙烯亚胺(TPH)的合成
使用分子量为4000的线性聚乙烯亚胺代替重均分子量为2500的线性聚乙烯亚胺,并使用牛磺胆酸代替石胆酸,以与上述实施例1-3相同的方式进行制备(图1)。
1-7.石胆酸化的线性聚乙烯亚胺(LPM)的合成
使用重均分子量为40000的线性聚乙烯亚胺代替重均分子量为2500的线性聚乙烯亚胺,以与上述实施例1-1相同的方式进行制备(图1)。
1-8.脱氧胆酸化的线性聚乙烯亚胺(DPM)的合成
使用重均分子量为40000的线性聚乙烯亚胺代替重均分子量为2500的线性聚乙烯亚胺,并使用脱氧胆酸代替石胆酸,以与上述实施例1-2相同的方式进行制备(图1)。
1-9.牛磺胆酸化的线性聚乙烯亚胺(TPM)的合成
使用重均分子量为40000的线性聚乙烯亚胺代替重均分子量为2500的线性聚乙烯亚胺,并使用牛磺胆酸代替石胆酸,以与上述实施例1-3相同的方式进行制备(图1)。
<对比例1>以共价键键合的基因递送剂(PLC)的合成
在1,1'-羰基二咪唑(CDI)催化剂下通过已知的酰胺化方法,制备以共价键键合的基因递送剂(Biomaterials,217(2019),p.119296)。
<实验例1>在中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞和宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)中评价细胞毒性
本发明人在中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞和宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)中对上述实施例1制备的化合物进行转染,以评价细胞毒性。具体地,将CHO细胞系(KCLB,韩国)培养于含有F-12K(Hyclone,美国)、10%牛血清(FBS,Hyclone)、1%青霉素/链霉素(Hyclone)和1% L-谷氨酰胺的培养基中。在研究中使用传代次数为5-7次的细胞。在96孔板上每孔培养8000个CHO细胞1天后,当每个孔中超过70%的细胞生长时进行转染实验。
接下来,将HeLa细胞系(KCBL,韩国)培养于含有MEM(Hyclone,美国)、10%胎牛血清(FBS,Hyclone)、1%青霉素/链霉素(Hyclone)和1% L-谷氨酰胺的培养基中。在研究中使用传代次数为5-7次的细胞。在96孔板上每孔培养10000个HeLa细胞1天后,当每个孔中超过70%的细胞生长时进行转染实验。
将每个孔用150μL含有牛血清的培养基更换,制备质粒DNA-脂质(实施例1)混合溶液。为检测转染,使用插入绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的质粒DNA作为质粒DNA,将1μg的质粒DNA与10μL的不含牛血清的培养基混合进行制备。将使用共价键合成的PLC和使用离子键合成的实施例1-1的化合物(LPL)(各4μg)分别与10μL的不含牛血清的培养基混合。两种稀释液进行充分混合,并在室温下放置30分钟,将由此制备的混合溶液加入到培养板中,接着在CO2孵育箱中在37℃下培养24小时。在荧光显微镜下观察表达的绿色荧光蛋白,并通过WST法评价细胞毒性(图3)。
图3-a示出了通过荧光计对两种细胞系中的荧光表达水平进行测量的结果,在使用共价键的PLC的情况下,与LFA2000相比表达相似,而在使用离子键的LPL的情况下,转移效率提高超过20%。因此,可以看出,使用离子键的递送剂比使用共价键的递送剂更好地将核酸物质转移到细胞内。
图3-b示出了在两种细胞系中进行细胞毒性实验的结果,其中LFA2K与未处理组相比显示出显著更强的细胞毒性,而两种合成的基因递送剂显示出显著降低的细胞毒性。
*作为图3-c和图3-d中的细胞活力和荧光表达的显微镜观察的结果,能够在明视野中检查到与对照组相比显著更高的细胞活力,并且还能够在绿色荧光表达中观察到显著增强的绿色荧光。由此,发现使用离子键的基因递送剂(LPL)是如下的基因递送物质,该基因递送物质与市售产品相比具有降低的细胞毒性,且与使用共价键的基因递送剂(PLC)相比具有更高的转移能力。
<实验例2>在中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞中评价细胞毒性
将CHO细胞系(KCLB,韩国)培养于含有F-12K(Hyclone,美国)+10%牛血清(FBS,Hyclone)、1%青霉素/链霉素(Hyclone)和1%L-谷氨酰胺的培养基中,在研究中使用传代次数为5-7次的细胞。在96孔板上培养8000个CHO细胞1天后,当每个孔中超过70%的细胞生长时进行转染实验。
将每个孔用150μL含有牛血清的培养基更换,制备质粒DNA-脂质(实施例1-1至实施例1-9)混合溶液。为检测转染,使用插入绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的质粒DNA作为质粒DNA,将1μg的质粒DNA与10μL的不含牛血清的培养基混合进行制备。将4μg的实施例1-1至实施例1-9中的化合物分别混合在10μL的不含牛血清的培养基中进行制备。两种稀释液进行充分混合,并在室温下放置30分钟,将由此制备的混合溶液加入到培养板中,接着在CO2孵育箱中在37℃下培养24小时。在荧光显微镜下观察表达的绿色荧光蛋白,并通过WST法评价细胞毒性(图4)。
图4-a示出了通过荧光计对荧光表达水平进行测量的结果,其中,仅处理以聚乙烯亚胺(2500、40000)时,与LFA2000相比,仅观察到一半的表达量,而大多数合成的基因递送剂(实施例1-1至实施例1-9)显著增加。因此,发现合成的基因递送剂具有以期望的效率将核酸物质转移到细胞中的能力。
图4-b示出了进行细胞毒性实验的结果,其中,LFA2K相比于未处理组显示出非常明显的细胞毒性,而合成的基因递送剂相比于LFA2K显示出降低的细胞毒性。因此,发现合成的基因递送剂是具有低细胞毒性的基因递送剂。
图4-c和图4-d示出了细胞活力和荧光表达的显微镜观察的结果,其中,能够在明视野中观察到与LFA2K相比显著更高的细胞活力,并且能够在绿色荧光表达中观察到显著增强的绿色荧光。由此,发现合成的基因递送剂是先进的基因递送物质,与市售产品相比,其具有增强的核酸转移能力,同时降低了细胞毒性。
<实验例3>根据DNA和合成化合物的比例评价转染效率
为了鉴别根据DNA和化合物的比例(重量比)而导致的差异,以1:4、1:5和1:6的比例,使用DNA和实施例1-1至实施例1-9中的化合物,来确定根据DNA和化合物的比例的转化效率(图5)。实验方法与上述实验例1和实验例2相同。
图5-a示出了通过荧光表达水平对根据DNA:化合物比例的基因递送效率进行测量的结果,其中,在大多数结果中,转移能力优于Lipofectamine 2000(LFA2K)的转移能力,在特定比例下,核酸转移能力比实验例2的结果进一步提高。
图5-b示出了进行细胞毒性实验的结果,显示随着化合物比例的增加,细胞毒性增加,1:4至1:5的比例时细胞活力最好。最佳比例为1:4。
图5-c、图5-d和图5-e示出了与图5-a和图5-b相对应的细胞活力和荧光表达的显微镜观察的结果。
<实验例4>根据pH调节评价转染效率
为了鉴定根据pH调节而导致的合成的基因递送化合物的转化效率的差异,除了制备实施例1-1至实施例1-9中的化合物时将pH调节为7.00±0.1(表示为pH+)以外,以与实验例3相同的方式测定转化效率(图6)。
图6-a示出了通过荧光表达水平对根据pH的基因转移效率进行测量的结果,发现荧光表达水平受pH影响不大。另一方面,图6-b示出了进行细胞毒性实验的结果,其中,调节为pH 6.9-7.1的化合物比未调节的化合物显示出更高的细胞活力。
图6-c、图6-d、图6-e、图6-f、图6-g和图6-h示出了与图6-a和图6-b相对应的细胞活力和荧光表达的显微镜观察的结果。
<实验例5>在宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)中的基因转移效率和细胞毒性
对于HeLa细胞系(KCBL,韩国),使用MEM培养基(Cyclone,美国),96孔板中每孔放置10000个细胞。在实施例1-1至实施例1-9中,调整至实验例1、实验例2和实验例3中显示出最佳结果的条件(DNA:化合物比例=1:4,pH 6.9-7.1),所有的其它过程以与实验例3和实验例4中相同的方式进行,以鉴定基因转移效率和细胞毒性(图7)。
图7-a示出了通过荧光计对荧光表达水平进行测量的结果,其中,在合成的基因递送剂中,除了TPH以外,合成的递送剂显示出与Lipofectamine 2000(LFA2K)相似或更好的基因转移效率。
图7-b示出了进行细胞毒性实验的结果,其中,与未处理组相比,LFA2K显示出非常明显的细胞毒性,而合成的基因递送剂显示出降低的细胞毒性。
图7-c示出了与图7-a和图7-b相对应的细胞活力和荧光表达的显微镜观察的结果。
如上所述,本公开可以使下述化合物的衍生物的形成变得容易,在所述化合物中,各种类型的胆酸和具有各种分子量的聚乙烯亚胺以离子键键合,揭示了其基因递送的功效。本公开的聚乙烯亚胺-胆酸离子化合物具有低毒性和优异的基因转移效率,因此其可用于基因转移以广泛应用于基因治疗。
对本公开的具体部分进行了详细描述,对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是,这样的具体描述仅仅是优选的示例实施例,并且本公开的范围不受此限制。因此,本公开的实质范围将由所附权利要求及其等同物来定义。
Claims (10)
1.一种基因递送剂,其中,聚乙烯亚胺与胆酸以离子键键合,所述基因递送剂由以下化学式1表示:
其中,在化学式1中,
m为2至930的整数,且n为58至930的整数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基因递送剂,其中,所述基因选自于由gDNA、cDNA、质粒DNA、mRNA、tRNA、rRNA、反义核苷酸、错义核苷酸和生产蛋白质的核苷酸所组成的组。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基因递送剂,其中,所述聚乙烯亚胺为具有2500至40000的重均分子量的线性或支化聚乙烯亚胺。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基因递送剂,其中,所述胆酸为选自于由石胆酸、脱氧胆酸和牛磺胆酸所组成的组中的一种或多种类型。
5.一种用于基因转移的组合物,所述组合物包含根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的基因递送剂;以及基因。
6.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,其中,所述基因选自于由gDNA、cDNA、质粒DNA、mRNA、tRNA、rRNA、反义核苷酸、错义核苷酸和生产蛋白质的核苷酸所组成的组。
7.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,其中,所述基因递送剂与所述基因以(4-6):1的重量比被包含在内。
8.一种制备基因递送剂的方法,所述方法包括:
(a)将聚乙烯亚胺溶解在醇溶液中,并加入酸溶液以进行反应;以及
(b)将胆酸与所述溶液混合并进行反应,然后进行超声处理,以获得根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的基因递送剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,步骤(b)进一步包括将含有聚乙烯亚胺和胆酸的溶液的pH调节为6.9至7.1。
10.一种转移基因的方法,所述方法包括使根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的基因递送剂与细胞接触。
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