CN116948654A - Acid soil conditioner based on calcium-magnesium supplement and application thereof - Google Patents
Acid soil conditioner based on calcium-magnesium supplement and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116948654A CN116948654A CN202310941196.3A CN202310941196A CN116948654A CN 116948654 A CN116948654 A CN 116948654A CN 202310941196 A CN202310941196 A CN 202310941196A CN 116948654 A CN116948654 A CN 116948654A
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 229940091250 magnesium supplement Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Ca] ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- OBSZRRSYVTXPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus Chemical compound P12P3P1P32 OBSZRRSYVTXPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229940069978 calcium supplement Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 abstract description 28
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 26
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 25
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009140 magnesium supplementation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000008167 Magnesium Deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000004764 magnesium deficiency Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 206010006956 Calcium deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000051 modifying effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000004160 Capsicum annuum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000027219 Deficiency disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RKFMOTBTFHXWCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M [AlH2]O Chemical compound [AlH2]O RKFMOTBTFHXWCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018343 nutrient deficiency Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 salt ion Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/04—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as granules or gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/08—Aluminium compounds, e.g. aluminium hydroxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an acid soil conditioner based on calcium and magnesium supplement and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvement. The acid soil conditioner based on calcium and magnesium supplement comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-80 parts of phosphorus tailing powder, 10-20 parts of silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder and 5-20 parts of silicate mineral. The soil conditioner has the functions of improving the pH value of soil and supplementing calcium and magnesium elements to the soil, and has a very remarkable improvement effect on acid red soil lacking calcium and magnesium; and thereby promote the full utilization of the phosphate tailing resources. The invention is suitable for acid soil, especially for acid red soil in south, and has the effects of improving acid red soil and promoting crop growth, and the product is easy to produce and convenient to apply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to an acid soil conditioner based on calcium and magnesium supplement and application thereof.
Background
Farmland soil acidification is a global soil degradation problem and has a great influence on agricultural sustainable production. The soil testing formula fertilization data show that the area of strong acid farmland (pH is less than or equal to 5.5) in China reaches 2.93 hundred million mu, and the area in the south is 2.03 hundred million mu. Soil acidification has become one of the most important production obstacle factors for southern cultivated land. Soil acidification is not only represented by the reduction of pH value, but also can lead to loss of exchangeable calcium and magnesium in soil, so as to inhibit absorption of nutrient elements such as calcium and magnesium by plants, and reduce crop yield and quality. Research shows that the south acid red soil has serious calcium and magnesium deficiency, the arable land in southern Anhui, jiangxi, fujian, guangxi, sichuan and other places has serious acidification, the economic crops have obvious calcium and magnesium deficiency, and the leaves of the economic crops such as citrus, banana, chilli, rape, tea and other fruits and vegetables have yellow leaves and frequent typical nutrient deficiency diseases such as fruit cracking. Therefore, the development of the acidification treatment of the soil and the supplementation of calcium and magnesium elements are important measures for improving the quality of the soil and the fertility of the soil and the yield of crops, and have important significance for improving the agricultural productivity and realizing the sustainable utilization of the soil.
Soil conditioners are important application products in soil remediation technology. For the southern red soil with soil acidification and serious deficiency of calcium and magnesium, the use of a proper soil conditioner is a key measure for improving the productivity. The traditional acid soil conditioner is mainly lime alkaline substances, and has remarkable effect of improving the pH value and the calcium ion concentration of the surface soil. However, excessive application for a long time is easy to cause soil hardening and imbalance of elements such as calcium, magnesium, potassium and the like in soil, and the phenomenon of magnesium deficiency of crops is easy to be aggravated. Organic materials such as biochar, crop straw, organic fertilizer, humic acid and the like can also improve acid soil, and can improve the pH value and CEC of the soil and improve the soil nutrients when being applied to the soil. The biochar prepared from organic materials such as manure, straw, agricultural waste and the like has the characteristics of high pH value, rich nutrients and high salt ion content, has a certain improvement effect on soil structure, and has higher cost; humic acid, peat soil and other low cost, and hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino and other organic functional groups are rich, so that the acidity, nutrients and structure of soil can be improved, but the problems of large application amount, high cost and the like are commonly caused. Therefore, aiming at the outstanding problems of high acidity, lack of calcium and magnesium and the like of the current south red soil, it is important to improve the pH value of the soil and the content of calcium and magnesium in the soil at the same time so as to improve the crop yield.
The improvement of the acid soil by utilizing the industrial waste can not only promote the reutilization of waste resources, but also greatly reduce the cost of the soil conditioner. The phosphate tailings are a byproduct which is produced in the collophanite flotation process and mainly contains dolomite, the annual output of China is up to 700 ten thousand tons, but the utilization rate is less than 20 percent. The large amount of phosphate tailings build-up creates a dual pressure for economy and environment. The data show that the tailing pond of nearly 1/3 of China has great potential safety hazard and has great potential threat to the ecological environment, and the country is actively pushing the full utilization of a large amount of byproducts, so that the exploration of a recycling way of high-value full utilization of the phosphate tailings is very important.
The acid soil conditioner which can improve the pH value of soil and supplement the calcium and magnesium content of soil with high efficiency and low cost is designed and developed, and is an urgent and effective way for realizing the resource utilization of phosphate tailings and the sustainable utilization of acid soil in a synergistic way.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides an acid soil conditioner based on calcium and magnesium supplementation and application thereof, and the soil conditioner provided by the invention has the functions of improving the pH of soil and supplementing calcium and magnesium elements in the soil, and has very obvious improvement effect on acid red soil lacking calcium and magnesium; and thereby promote the full utilization of the phosphate tailing resources. The invention is suitable for acid soil, especially for acid red soil in south, and has the effects of improving acid red soil and promoting crop growth, and the product is easy to produce and convenient to apply.
The invention provides an acid soil conditioner based on calcium-magnesium supplement, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-80 parts of phosphorus tailing powder, 10-20 parts of silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder and 5-20 parts of silicate mineral.
Preferably, the silicate mineral comprises one or more of sepiolite, bentonite and attapulgite.
Preferably, the phosphate tailing powder is collophanite flotation tailings, and the available nutrients are as follows: p (P) 2 O 5 5～10％，CaO30％～35％，MgO 12％～18％，SiO 2 5％～7％。
Preferably, the silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder is a byproduct of yellow phosphorus production by an electric furnace method, and the available nutrients are as follows: siO (SiO) 2 30％～38％，CaO 29％～35％，MgO 1％～4％。
Preferably, the phosphorus tailing powder also comprises organic materials, wherein the mass ratio of the phosphorus tailing powder to the organic materials is 40-80:5-20.
Preferably, the organic material comprises one or more of humic acid, peat soil, biochar and organic fertilizer, and the organic matter content is more than or equal to 30%.
Preferably, the components are weighed according to the following weight parts: 40-80 parts of phosphorus tailing powder, 10-20 parts of silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder and 5-20 parts of silicate mineral;
pulverizing phosphorus tailing powder, silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder and silicate ore, and mixing to obtain the acid soil conditioner based on calcium-magnesium supplement, wherein the water content is 8-12%.
The invention prepares the effective nutrient CaO 23.8-30.0%, mgO 11-15.4% and SiO in the acid soil conditioner 2 3.6 to 9.2 percent of organic matters>4%. The particle size of the acid soil is 60-100 meshes, the water content is 8-12%, and the pH value is more than 8.5.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the acid soil conditioner based on calcium and magnesium supplement in improving acidified soil, wherein the application method of the acid soil conditioner based on calcium and magnesium supplement comprises the steps of broadcasting the acid soil conditioner based on calcium and magnesium supplement on the soil surface, ploughing the soil after application, and uniformly mixing with the soil of a plough layer.
Preferably, the addition amount of the acid soil conditioner based on calcium-magnesium supplement is 150-300 kg/mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the acid soil conditioner based on calcium and magnesium supplementation provided by the invention has the advantages that the phosphate tailings are adopted to mix alkaline materials and silicate mineral components, so that the cost is low, the control is facilitated, and the improvement effect is obvious;
the acid soil conditioner based on calcium-magnesium supplement prepared by the invention has the functions of improving the pH of soil, supplementing and coordinating the calcium and magnesium of the soil, has a very remarkable improvement effect on acid red soil lacking calcium and magnesium, can effectively supplement calcium, magnesium and silicon nutrient elements required by plant growth, and ensures that the supply duration time and the supply speed are moderate and the utilization efficiency is higher by combining quick-acting yellow phosphorus slag with slow-acting phosphate tailings. Sufficient calcium and magnesium supply ensures the buffer capacity of the soil for the re-acidification process; the invention adds a certain amount of silicon element and can be combined with Al 3+ Forming a complex or aluminum hydroxy, thereby enhancing the para-activity of Al 3+ Is used for relieving Al of acid soil 3+ Poisoning; the silicate minerals are added to supply certain nutrients, and the mineral structure and the surface characteristics of the silicate minerals are combined with the nutrients of the conditioner, so that the functional characteristics of nutrient elements of the silicate minerals can be fully exerted, and the nutrient activity is improved;
in addition, the invention also adds organic materials, adopts an organic-inorganic composite form, improves the acidity of the soil, and has the functions of improving the organic matter and nutrient content of the soil and improving the fertility and structure of the soil. On the basis, the invention uses the by-products of the phosphorus chemical industry as main raw materials, greatly reduces the cost of the conditioner, and provides a new path for the full utilization of the by-products such as the flotation phosphate tailings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention for preparing an acid soil conditioner based on calcium magnesium supplementation;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the dry weight of the aerial parts of potted plants of different treatment groups;
FIG. 3 shows soil pH values for different treatment groups;
fig. 4 shows crop yields for different treatment groups.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The various materials and reagents used in the examples of the present invention are commercially available ones unless otherwise specified. The phosphorus tailing powder and the silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder used in the invention are all from Yunnan phosphorus group Co.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an acid soil conditioner based on calcium and magnesium supplement, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of phosphate tailing powder, 10 parts of silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder, 15 parts of mineral humic acid and 15 parts of sepiolite powder.
The phosphate tailing powder is collophanite flotation tailings, and the nutrient indexes are as follows: p (P) 2 O 5 5～10％，CaO30％～35％，MgO 12％～18％，SiO 2 5% -7%, crushing and sieving the collophanite flotation tailings in a crusher after filter pressing treatment, wherein the fineness of the material is 60 meshes, and the water content is about 15%.
The silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder is a byproduct of yellow phosphorus production by an electric furnace method, and is obtained after crushing, wherein the fineness of the material is 60 meshes.
The sepiolite powder is a direct purchased product, is a product directly processed by sepiolite ore, and has the fineness of 100 meshes.
Humic acid is purchased mineral source humic acid, the fineness of the material is 100 meshes, and the material is crushed and sieved by a 60-mesh sieve.
Adding phosphorus tailing powder, silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder, ore source humic acid and sepiolite powder into a stirrer for stirring and mixing to obtain mixed powder materials, namely the acid soil conditioner based on calcium-magnesium supplement; the preparation flow chart is shown in figure 1.
The acid soil conditioner based on calcium-magnesium supplement prepared in the example has the following characteristics: the conditioner is in powder form, the water content is 8-12%, the pH value is 9.67, and the available nutrients are as follows: 25.4% of CaO, 12.6% of MgO and SiO 2 6.6 percent, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 9 percent.
In the invention, the collophanite flotation tailings and yellow phosphorus production byproducts are used as main raw materials, so that the reutilization of the byproduct resources in the phosphorus industry is promoted. The production process of the conditioner is simple, the main raw materials are abundant in quantity, the price is low, and the industrial production is easy to realize; the conditioner has good acid modifying effect, can supply a large amount of calcium, magnesium and silicon elements, coordinate the activity of soil nutrients and improve the yield and quality of crops.
In the invention, the conditioner can effectively neutralize H in the soil + The continuous activity of the calcium and magnesium nutrients in the soil is ensured by combining the quick-acting state and the slow-acting state of the calcium and magnesium elements. Supplemental silicon element, and Al 3+ Forming complex or hydroxy aluminum, improving the reaction rate of Al 3+ Is a passivation effect of (a); the calcium, magnesium, silicon, organic additives and the like in the components are reasonably proportioned, so that the nutrient utilization rate can be improved, the nutrient requirements in the growth and development process of crops can be met, and the yield and quality of the crops can be improved.
The acid soil conditioner based on calcium and magnesium supplement prepared in the embodiment is applied to the soil at the dosage of 150-300 kg/mu 15 days before the crop transplanting, and after the acid soil conditioner is uniformly spread, the tillage treatment is carried out, so that the acid soil conditioner based on calcium and magnesium supplement is uniformly mixed with the soil, and the soil acidification improvement effect is best. Experimental results show that the fertilizer has good performance in potting and field experiments, the application amount of 200 kg/mu, the pH of the soil is obviously improved by 0.36, and the yield of crops is increased by 11% (figures 3-4).
Example 2
The embodiment provides an acid soil conditioner based on calcium and magnesium supplement, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of collophanite flotation tailing powder, 20 parts of silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder, 5 parts of peat soil and 20 parts of bentonite.
And (3) crushing and sieving collophanite flotation tailings in a crusher after filter pressing treatment, wherein the fineness of the material is 200 meshes, and the water content is about 15%.
The silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder is a byproduct of yellow phosphorus production by an electric furnace method, and is obtained after crushing, wherein the fineness of the material is 200 meshes.
Crushing bentonite, sieving with 100 mesh sieve, crushing peat soil, sieving with 60 mesh sieve.
Adding phosphorus tailing powder, silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder, peat soil and bentonite into a stirrer, stirring and mixing to obtain mixed powder materials, namely an acidic soil conditioner based on calcium-magnesium supplementation;
example 3
The embodiment provides an acid soil conditioner based on calcium and magnesium supplement, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of collophanite flotation tailing powder, 15 parts of silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder, 20 parts of biochar and 5 parts of attapulgite.
And (3) crushing and sieving collophanite flotation tailings in a crusher after filter pressing treatment, wherein the fineness of the material is 100 meshes, and the water content is about 15%.
The silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder is a byproduct of yellow phosphorus production by an electric furnace method, and is obtained after crushing, wherein the fineness of the material is 100 meshes.
The attapulgite is crushed and sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, and the biochar is crushed and sieved by a 60-mesh sieve.
And (3) adding the phosphorus tailing powder, the silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder, the biochar and the attapulgite into a stirrer for stirring and mixing to obtain mixed powder materials, namely the acid soil conditioner based on calcium-magnesium supplement.
Example 4
The embodiment provides an acid soil conditioner based on calcium and magnesium supplement, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of collophanite flotation tailing powder, 15 parts of silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder, 5 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of organic fertilizer (decomposed pig manure), 5 parts of attapulgite and 5 parts of bentonite.
And (3) crushing and sieving collophanite flotation tailings in a crusher after filter pressing treatment, wherein the fineness of the material is 100 meshes, and the water content is about 15%.
The silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder is a byproduct of yellow phosphorus production by an electric furnace method, and is obtained after crushing, wherein the fineness of the material is 100 meshes.
The attapulgite and bentonite are crushed and sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, and the humic acid and the organic fertilizer are crushed and sieved by a 60-mesh sieve.
And (3) adding the phosphorus tailing powder, the silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder, the biochar and the attapulgite into a stirrer for stirring and mixing to obtain mixed powder materials, namely the acid soil conditioner based on calcium-magnesium supplement.
Example 5
The embodiment provides an acid soil conditioner based on calcium and magnesium supplement, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of collophanite flotation tailing powder, 20 parts of silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder and 20 parts of sepiolite.
And (3) crushing and sieving collophanite flotation tailings in a crusher after filter pressing treatment, wherein the fineness of the material is 100 meshes, and the water content is about 15%.
The silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder is a byproduct of yellow phosphorus production by an electric furnace method, and is obtained after crushing, wherein the fineness of the material is 100 meshes.
The sepiolite powder is a direct purchased product, is a product directly processed by sepiolite ore, and has the fineness of 100 meshes.
And (3) adding the phosphorus tailing powder, the silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder and the sepiolite into a stirrer for stirring and mixing to obtain mixed powder materials, namely the acid soil conditioner based on calcium and magnesium supplement.
Example 6
The embodiment provides an acid soil conditioner based on calcium and magnesium supplement, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of collophanite flotation tailing powder, 20 parts of silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder, 10 parts of sepiolite and 10 parts of bentonite.
And (3) crushing and sieving collophanite flotation tailings in a crusher after filter pressing treatment, wherein the fineness of the material is 100 meshes, and the water content is about 15%.
The silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder is a byproduct of yellow phosphorus production by an electric furnace method, and is obtained after crushing, wherein the fineness of the material is 100 meshes.
The sepiolite powder is a direct purchased product, is a product directly processed by sepiolite ore, and has the fineness of 100 meshes. Crushing bentonite and sieving with 100 mesh sieve
And (3) adding the phosphorus tailing powder, the silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder, the sepiolite and the bentonite into a stirrer, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed powder material, namely the acid soil conditioner based on calcium-magnesium supplement.
To further demonstrate the effectiveness of the calcium-magnesium supplement-based acid soil conditioner prepared in accordance with the present invention, potting experiments and field experiments were performed using the calcium-magnesium supplement-based acid soil conditioner prepared in example 1, and setting other treatment groups.
(1) The treatment groups were set as follows: CK (i.e., blank, no soil conditioner added); treatment one: a phosphorus tailing powder; and (2) treatment II: 80 parts of phosphate tailings and 20 parts of yellow phosphorus slag; and (3) treatment III: 80 parts of phosphate tailing powder and 20 parts of humic acid; and (4) treatment four: 80 parts of phosphate tailing powder and 20 parts of sepiolite; and (5) treatment: 80 parts of phosphate tailing powder, 10 parts of mineral source humic acid and 10 parts of sepiolite powder; and (3) treatment six: 60 parts of phosphate tailing powder, 10 parts of yellow phosphorus slag, 15 parts of sepiolite and 15 parts of mineral source humic acid.
Weighing the raw materials according to the treatment group, crushing the raw materials, sieving the crushed raw materials by a 60-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing the crushed raw materials for later use, taking a typical acidic red soil unfolding pot experiment, sieving the air-dried soil by a 2mm sieve, uniformly mixing 200g of the air-dried soil with a conditioning agent, wherein the use amount of the conditioning agent is 0.2%, the water content is ensured to be 60% of the field water holding capacity, water is supplemented once every 3 days, the culture time is 30 days, and each treatment is repeated three times.
As can be seen from Table 1, after 30 days of culture test, the acidity index of the soil is obviously changed, each treatment has better effect, the pH is increased by 0.26-0.48, and the exchangeable calcium and magnesium are also obviously improved. Wherein the comprehensive effect of the treatment six is best, the using amount of the conditioner is 0.2%, the pH value of soil is increased by 0.45, the exchange acid is reduced by 54.3%, and the exchange Al is reduced 3+ Reduced by 60.0 percent, and greatly reduces the active Al of the soil 3+ The content is as follows. Meanwhile, the exchangeable calcium and magnesium in the soil are obviously improved,the exchangeable Ca is improved by 64.8%, the exchangeable Mg is improved by 180.3%, and the method has great aiming and improving effects on the condition that the southern acidified red soil is generally lack of calcium and magnesium.
TABLE 1 soil acidity index data for different conditioner treatments
(2) Taking typical acidic red soil for potting test, and planting the cabbage as the crop. The usage amount of the conditioning agent is 0.2% and 0.5%, and the treatment is designed as follows: CK (i.e., blank, no soil conditioner added); treatment one: 60 parts of phosphate tailings, 20 parts of humic acid and 20 parts of sepiolite; and (2) treatment II: 60 parts of phosphate tailing powder, 20 parts of sepiolite and 20 parts of yellow phosphorus slag; and (3) treatment III: 60 parts of phosphate tailing powder, 15 parts of mineral source humic acid, 15 parts of sepiolite powder and 10 parts of yellow phosphorus slag.
The data for potting soil are shown in table 2, and each treatment has a significant effect compared to CK. The result of the treatment III shows that the application amount of 320 kg/mu is improved by 0.58 in soil pH and the exchangeable Al 3+ The acidity of the soil is greatly improved by reducing the acidity by 49 percent. Meanwhile, the soil exchange Ca and Mg are respectively improved by 75.7 percent and 74.1 percent, the total salt content is improved by 51.4 percent, and the effect is more obvious in the treatment of 800 kg/mu of application amount. Meanwhile, the simple inorganic material compounding has stronger acid modifying effect, but the addition of humic acid is more prominent in reducing exchangeable acid. And the addition of humic acid has more remarkable effect on improving the dry matter weight of plants (figure 2), and the improvement effect is remarkably improved along with the increase of the dosage of the conditioner. In the comprehensive view, different composite conditioners of the phosphate tailings, the humic acid, the sepiolite and the yellow phosphorus slag have obvious effects on the acid soil, and each material has obvious effects on the pH value of the soil and the exchangeable Al 3+ Exchangeable Ca 2+ 、Mg 2+ The effect of crop growth is different, and in practical application, the soil can be usedThe ratio of the characteristics of (2) and the required characteristics of the plant can be appropriately adjusted.
TABLE 2 potted plant soil index treated with different conditioner types and contents
(3) The field test is carried out on typical acidified red soil in Jinning district of Kunming, yunnan province, and the planted crop is pod. The dosage of the conditioner is 200 kg/mu, and the treatment design is as follows: CK (i.e., blank, no soil conditioner added); treatment one: 60 parts of phosphate tailings, 20 parts of yellow phosphorus slag and 20 parts of sepiolite; and (2) treatment II: 60 parts of phosphate tailing powder, 20 parts of sepiolite and 20 parts of bentonite; and (3) treatment III: 60 parts of phosphate tailing powder, 20 parts of mineral source humic acid and 20 parts of sepiolite powder; and (4) treatment four: 60 parts of phosphate tailing powder, 15 parts of mineral source humic acid, 15 parts of sepiolite powder and 10 parts of yellow phosphorus slag.
TABLE 3 soil property Change
Table 4 crop attribute variation
Test results show that each treatment can significantly improve the pH value of the soil (figures 3 and 4), and the pH value of the soil is improved by 0.25-0.42 after the conditioner is applied for 2 months. It can be seen that the effect of the inorganic material on acid modification is more remarkable, namely the effect of the combination of sepiolite and yellow phosphorus slag on acidity modification is most remarkable, and the treatment of phosphate tailings, humic acid, sepiolite and yellow phosphorus slag is performed. The results of the yield of the first crop show that the yield is increased by 6.9-15.4% after the conditioner is applied. The yield increase effect of treatments 1,3 and 4 is more than 10%. As can be seen from tables 3-4, the comprehensive effect of the treatment IV is best, the exchangeable calcium and magnesium in the soil are obviously improved, and the treatment IV has a promoting effect on nutrient absorption in crops.
The invention prepares the effective nutrient CaO 23.8-30.0%, mgO 11-15.4% and SiO in the acid soil conditioner 2 3.6 to 9.2 percent of organic matters>4%. On the basis of acid modification, the activity of the calcium and magnesium elements in the soil is synergistically improved.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. An acid soil conditioner based on calcium and magnesium supplement is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 40-80 parts of phosphorus tailing powder, 10-20 parts of silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder and 5-20 parts of silicate mineral.
2. The acid soil conditioner based on calcium-magnesium supplement according to claim 1, wherein the silicate mineral comprises one or more of sepiolite, bentonite and attapulgite.
3. The acidic soil conditioner based on calcium-magnesium supplement according to claim 1, wherein the phosphate tailing powder is collophanite flotation tailings, and the available nutrients are as follows: p (P) 2 O 5 5～10％，CaO 30％～35％，MgO 12％～18％，SiO 2 5％～7％。
4. The acid soil conditioner based on calcium and magnesium supplement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder is a byproduct of yellow phosphorus production by an electric furnace method, and is effective in nutrientThe method comprises the following steps: siO (SiO) 2 30％～38％，CaO 29％～35％，MgO 1％～4％。
5. The acid soil conditioner based on calcium-magnesium supplement according to claim 1, further comprising an organic material, wherein the mass ratio of the phosphorus tailing powder to the organic material is 40-80:5-20.
6. The acid soil conditioner based on calcium and magnesium supplement according to claim 5, wherein the organic materials comprise, but are not limited to, humic acid, peat soil, biochar and organic fertilizer, and the organic matter content is more than or equal to 30%.
7. The acid soil conditioner based on calcium-magnesium supplement according to claim 1, wherein the components are weighed according to the following parts by weight: 40-80 parts of phosphorus tailing powder, 10-20 parts of silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder and 5-20 parts of silicate mineral;
pulverizing phosphorus tailing powder, silicon-based yellow phosphorus slag powder and silicate ore, and mixing to obtain the acid soil conditioner based on calcium-magnesium supplement, wherein the water content is 8-12%.
8. Use of the acid soil conditioner based on calcium-magnesium supplement according to any one of claims 1-7 for improving acidified soil, wherein the acid soil conditioner based on calcium-magnesium supplement is applied to the soil surface by broadcasting, ploughing and uniformly mixing with cultivated layer soil after application.
9. The use of the acid soil conditioner based on calcium-magnesium supplement according to claim 8 for improving acidified soil, wherein the acid soil conditioner based on calcium-magnesium supplement is added in an amount of 150-300 kg/mu.
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