CN116900321A - Method for splicing thin-wall metal blanks by adopting laser metal deposition - Google Patents
Method for splicing thin-wall metal blanks by adopting laser metal deposition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116900321A CN116900321A CN202310879364.0A CN202310879364A CN116900321A CN 116900321 A CN116900321 A CN 116900321A CN 202310879364 A CN202310879364 A CN 202310879364A CN 116900321 A CN116900321 A CN 116900321A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- thin
- wall
- wall metal
- splicing
- laser
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007648 laser printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 42
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004886 head movement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
- B22F7/064—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts using an intermediate powder layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, and provides a method for splicing thin-wall metal blanks by adopting laser metal deposition, which comprises the following steps: determining a blank splicing overall forming scheme; selecting thin-wall metal blanks to be spliced; determining the width of a laser metal deposition splicing area; determining a material and a substrate to which the material is attached in a laser metal deposition splicing area; determining technological parameters of laser metal deposition; printing a splicing area by laser metal deposition; determining the total laser printing layer number according to the thickness of the splicing area and the single-layer deposition height, and performing deposition printing layer by layer; and (5) post-treating the thin-wall metal blank. The invention can solve the problems that the material performance of the weld zone is difficult to control accurately when the traditional weld joint is connected with the thin-wall metal blank, and the thin-wall metal blank cannot meet the requirement of high-performance forming due to narrow weld joint, poor quality and stress concentration. The method can also splice thin-wall metal tube blanks which cannot be spliced by the traditional welding technology, such as two thin-wall metal tube blanks with different radiuses.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method for splicing thin-wall metal blanks by adopting a laser metal deposition method to replace a traditional welding line.
Background
Thin-walled metal components such as thin plates/thin tubes are a great number of key components in high-end carrying equipment such as heavy carrier rockets, hypersonic aircrafts, high-speed rails and the like, and the precise forming of the thin-walled metal components directly determines the service performance of the equipment. In order to form a required component from a thin-walled metal blank, high-performance preparation of the thin-walled metal blank is a first breakthrough problem. Conventional plate/tube blank preparation is sometimes limited by the manufacturing process to produce the desired dimensions or requires the preparation of larger blanks by a splicing process due to the combined requirements for different material properties. To address this need, the two blanks can only be joined by conventional welding processes such as laser welding, arc welding or plasma welding.
However, the welds formed by conventional welding processes severely hamper the high performance manufacture and shaping of thin-walled metal blanks. The main reasons are as follows: (1) the material property of the weld zone is not easy to control; because the physical and chemical reactions of the weld zone are extremely complex, the performance of the weld zone cannot be accurately controlled, and particularly the mechanical and thermal properties of the weld zone are difficult to measure. The material performance of a welding seam area cannot be input in numerical simulation of forming of the thin-wall metal blank, and the mechanical response of the blank with the welding seam in the forming process cannot be effectively simulated, so that the forming process cannot be guided; (2) The weld quality is poor, obvious micro holes and gaps can exist in the weld, so that the blank is easy to crack at the weld in the forming process, and a required thin-wall component cannot be formed; (3) The welding seam is narrow, the material performance and the original blank performance are obviously different, so that obvious stress concentration occurs in the forming process, the welding seam cracking in the forming process is easier to induce, and the forming of the component cannot be completed; (4) More challenging is that the forming of thin-walled metal components sometimes requires that blanks of different sizes be spliced together and formed simultaneously, and conventional welding processes often fail to weld thin-walled metal blanks of different sizes, such as blanks of different radii. For the connection of tube blanks with different radiuses, special tube joints are often selected, and the tube joints are easy to leak and cannot be deformed in a coordinated manner during inner high-pressure forming, so that the forming of the tube blanks is seriously hindered.
The above difficulties severely restrict the splice preparation of thin-walled metal blanks and the subsequent high-performance precision forming, so that a new method for effectively splicing the thin-walled metal blanks and effectively supporting the subsequent forming is urgently needed.
With the development of manufacturing technology, metal additive manufacturing technology has become an important manufacturing process in advanced carrying equipment such as aerospace, hypersonic aircrafts, high-speed rails and the like. Currently, metal additive manufacturing techniques include electron beam melting techniques, laser selective melting techniques, and laser metal deposition techniques. From "Zhou Chenghou, li Chan, wu Wangping, etc.. Metal material additive manufacturing techniques [ C ]// second advanced metal working for rail transit and inspection techniques, working with the same convention, 2016:879-883," it is known that electron beam melting techniques form parts with poor surface quality, low precision, small forming space, and difficulty in producing larger sized components. The laser selective melting technology melts the pre-laid metal powder material by laser beams to solidify and shape the metal powder material to manufacture parts, but the powder utilization rate is low, the forming space is limited, and large-size components are difficult to manufacture. The laser metal deposition technology retains a series of traditional 3D printing advantages, such as flexible design, low manufacturing cost, one-time forming of complex structural parts and the like, and has wide application prospects in the aspects of manufacturing large-size thin-wall metal components such as air inlets of hypersonic aircrafts, aeroengine blades and the like. The basic principle is as follows: the laser beam acts on the surface of the base material to form a molten pool on the surface of the base material, the alloy powder raw material is synchronously fed, the laser melting and the material solidification are carried out for layer-by-layer deposition printing, and the process is repeated until the printing of the whole part is completed.
Compared with the traditional weld zone material, the material printed by the technology has the following advantages: (1) The material performance is relatively clear, and the mechanical property can be conveniently determined by experimental means; (2) The compactness of the material is good, and the possibility of a large number of micro holes and gaps in the material is low; (3) the size and shape of the printed material are controllable and flexible; and (4) splicing tube blanks with different radiuses. With these advantages, the technique can be applied to splice two thin-walled metal blanks instead of the traditional welding process. In order to facilitate the preparation of different forms of spliced thin-wall metal blanks, such as slabs or tube blanks, a new method for splicing the thin-wall metal blanks needs to be developed to serve for the high-performance forming of complex thin-wall metal members.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for splicing thin-wall metal blanks by adopting laser metal deposition to replace the traditional welding seam, which can solve the problems that the material performance of a welding seam area is difficult to control accurately when the traditional welding seam is connected with the thin-wall metal blanks, and the thin-wall metal blanks cannot meet high-performance forming due to narrow welding seam, poor quality and stress concentration. The method can also splice thin-wall metal tube blanks which cannot be spliced by the traditional welding technology, such as two thin-wall metal tube blanks with different radiuses.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for splicing thin-wall metal blanks by adopting laser metal deposition comprises the following steps:
step one, determining a blank splicing overall forming scheme: performing shape analysis on thin-wall metal blanks to be spliced to determine a laser metal deposition splicing scheme adopted by the thin-wall metal blanks or the thin-wall metal tube blanks; when the thin-wall metal blank to be spliced is a thin-wall metal plate blank, the thin-wall metal plate blank is placed at the bottom of the thin-wall metal plate blank to be spliced to serve as a matrix, the pre-connection of the thin-wall metal plate blank is realized, and then the material addition forming of the splicing area material is realized by controlling the reciprocating motion of a laser head; when the thin-wall metal blank to be spliced is a thin-wall metal tube blank, the thin-wall metal tube is embedded in the inner wall of the thin-wall metal tube blank to be spliced to serve as a matrix, the pre-connection of the thin-wall metal tube blank is realized, and then the circumferential rotation of the pre-connection thin-wall metal tube blank and the axial movement of a laser head are controlled to realize the additive forming of materials in a splicing area;
step two, selecting thin-wall metal blanks to be spliced: determining the material of the thin-wall metal blanks to be spliced according to the analysis result in the first step, wherein the two thin-wall metal blanks to be spliced are made of the same or different materials, and the materials with equal wall thickness or different wall thickness are selected;
step three, determining the width of a laser metal deposition splicing area: determining the width and thickness of a laser metal deposition splicing area according to the material and the wall thickness of the thin-wall metal blank determined in the step two and the requirement on the size of the splicing area in the blank forming process; when the blank to be spliced is a thin-wall metal blank, selecting a narrower width which is 1-2 times of the larger thickness of the thin-wall metal blank to be spliced for the thickness difference of 1-2 times of the thin-wall blank to be spliced which does not need auxiliary forming of a splicing area; for the thickness difference of thin-wall slabs to be spliced which need to be transited in a wider splicing area or need to relieve stress concentration to assist forming, selecting a wider width which is 4-5 times of the larger thickness of the thin-wall metal blanks to be spliced; when the material to be spliced is a thin-wall metal tube blank, the width of the splicing area is 0.5-1 time of the diameter difference of the two thin-wall metal tube blanks;
determining a material of a laser metal deposition splicing area and a substrate to which the material is attached: printing the same material in the splicing area for splicing the same material according to the material and the wall thickness of the thin-wall metal blank determined in the second step and the width of the splicing area determined in the third step; for dissimilar material splicing, depending on the forming requirements of the splicing region, selecting a material between the two materials in strength or rigidity or a stronger and stiffer material; for splicing thin-wall metal slabs, selecting a thin-wall metal slab as a matrix to which a printing material is attached, and placing the matrix under two thin-wall metal slabs to be spliced to pre-connect the slabs; for a thin-wall metal tube blank, a thin-wall metal tube is selected as a substrate to which a material is attached, and two ends of the thin-wall metal tube blank are embedded into two tube blanks to be spliced to be pre-connected;
step five, determining technological parameters of laser metal deposition: the laser comprises laser power, a laser scanning path, a laser head single-layer lifting height, a powder feeding speed and a laser scanning speed;
step six, laser metal deposition printing splicing area: printing a splicing area according to the laser metal deposition process parameters determined in the fifth step; the laser scanning path adopts single-channel multi-layer stacking forming or multi-channel multi-layer stacking forming according to the thickness and the width of the splicing area;
step seven, determining the total laser printing layer number according to the thickness of the splicing area and the single-layer deposition height, and performing deposition printing layer by layer: for splicing two thin-wall metal tube blanks, performing deposition forming by fixing a laser head while rotating the thin-wall metal tube blanks along an axis;
step eight, post-treatment of thin-wall metal blanks: after the splicing of the two thin-wall metal blanks is completed through laser metal deposition, carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the spliced thin-wall metal blanks under high temperature and high pressure conditions so as to eliminate microcrack, air holes and unfused defects in a splicing area after laser metal deposition manufacturing, and polishing and cleaning the surface of the splicing area to obtain the final spliced thin-wall metal blanks for forming.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) According to the method for splicing the thin-wall metal blanks by adopting the laser metal deposition, when the thin-wall metal blanks are spliced, the splicing areas are printed section by section and layer by a 3D printing technology according to the determined width, materials, substrates with the materials attached, and the like of the metal splicing areas, so that the problems of weld joint cracking in the follow-up forming process of the thin-wall metal blanks caused by the defects of difficult control of weld joint material performance, narrow weld joint, poor quality, stress concentration, and the like in the traditional welding process such as laser welding, arc welding, plasma welding, and the like are avoided.
(2) According to the method for splicing the thin-wall metal blanks by adopting the laser metal deposition, when the thin-wall metal blanks are spliced, the splicing areas are printed section by section and layer by the 3D printing technology, so that the problem of larger residual stress in the welding seam caused by the spreading of the heat affected area in the whole welding process of the traditional welding technology is solved.
(3) According to the method for splicing the thin-wall metal blanks by adopting the laser metal deposition, when the blanks with unequal wall thicknesses are spliced, the splicing areas with unequal wall thicknesses can be printed by a 3D printing technology according to the wall thickness requirements of the two thin-wall metal blanks, so that continuous smooth transition of the two metal blanks with different thicknesses in thickness is realized, the stress concentration effect of the splicing areas is reduced, and the surface smoothness of the blanks is improved.
(4) According to the method for splicing the thin-wall metal blanks by adopting the laser metal deposition, when the tube blanks with different diameters are spliced, the splicing areas with different diameters can be printed by a 3D printing technology, so that continuous smooth transition of two metal tube blanks with different diameters on the diameters is realized, and the variable-diameter tube blanks which cannot be prepared by the traditional splice welding process are realized.
(5) According to the method for splicing the thin-wall metal blanks by adopting the laser metal deposition, when the thin-wall metal blanks are spliced, a longer splicing area can be printed according to the final forming requirements of the two thin-wall metal blanks, the problem of narrower welding seams in the traditional welding process is solved, the unique design of the material performance of the splicing area (such as the improvement of the strength and toughness of the material of the splicing area) can be realized, the deformation of the splicing area is utilized in the thin-wall metal forming process, the thickness thinning amount outside the splicing area is reduced, and the integral deformation capacity of the blanks is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method of splicing thin-walled metal blanks using laser metal deposition in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a thin-walled metal blank which can be spliced according to the invention, (a) is a thin-walled blank of equal wall thickness of two materials, (b) is a thin-walled blank of unequal wall thickness of two different materials, (c) is a thin-walled blank of equal wall thickness of two materials, (d) is a thin-walled blank of unequal wall thickness of two different materials, and (e) is a thin-walled blank of unequal wall thickness of two different materials.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a laser metal deposition method used to print a splice area of a thin-walled slab of equal wall thickness in the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a laser metal deposition method used to print a variable wall thickness splice area to splice non-uniform wall thickness slabs in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the present invention using a laser metal deposition method to print equal wall thickness splicing regions to splice equal wall thickness thin wall tube blanks rotatable about their own axes.
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of printing non-uniform wall thickness splicing areas by a laser metal deposition method to splice non-uniform wall thickness thin-walled tube blanks rotatable along their own axes in the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a method for splicing variable diameter and variable wall thickness splicing areas by adopting a laser metal deposition method to splice non-uniform radius and non-uniform wall thickness thin-wall tube blanks.
In the figure: 1 equal-wall-thickness thin-wall slabs of the same material to be spliced, 2 unequal-wall-thickness thin-wall slabs of different materials to be spliced, 3 equal-wall-thickness equal-radius thin-wall billets of the same material to be spliced, 4 unequal-wall-thickness equal-radius thin-wall billets of different materials to be spliced, 5 unequal-wall-thickness unequal-radius thin-wall billets of different materials to be spliced, 6 working tables, 7 equal-wall-thickness thin-wall slab spliced materials attaching substrates, 8 equal-wall-thickness thin-wall slab laser metal deposition splicing areas, 9 laser heads, 10 powder nozzles, 11 powder feeders, 12 unequal-wall-thickness thin-wall slab spliced materials attaching substrates, 13 unequal-wall-thickness thin-wall slab laser metal deposition splicing areas, 14 equal-wall-thickness equal-radius thin-wall billets attaching substrates, 15 equal-wall-thickness equal-radius thin-wall billets laser metal deposition splicing areas, 16-billets support bars, 17 rotation shafts, 18 unequal-wall-thickness equal-radius thin-wall billets attaching substrates, 19 unequal-wall-thickness equal-thickness thin-wall-billets splicing areas, 20 unequal-wall-thickness unequal-thickness thin-billets attaching substrates, 21 unequal-radius thin-wall-thickness splicing areas.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention further with reference to the drawings and technical schemes.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the method for splicing thin-wall metal blanks by laser metal deposition is provided for printing splicing areas of thin-wall slabs with equal wall thickness, and the method comprises the following steps:
step one, determining a blank splicing overall forming scheme: performing shape analysis on thin-wall metal blanks to be spliced to determine a laser metal deposition splicing scheme adopted by the thin-wall metal blanks or the thin-wall metal tube blanks; when the thin-wall metal blank to be spliced is a thin-wall metal plate blank, the thin-wall metal plate blank is placed at the bottom of the thin-wall metal plate blank to be spliced to serve as a matrix, the pre-connection of the thin-wall metal plate blank is realized, and then the material addition forming of the splicing area material is realized by controlling the reciprocating motion of a laser head; when the thin-wall metal blank to be spliced is a thin-wall metal tube blank, the thin-wall metal tube is embedded in the inner wall of the thin-wall metal tube blank to be spliced to serve as a matrix, the pre-connection of the thin-wall metal tube blank is realized, and then the circumferential rotation of the pre-connection thin-wall metal tube blank and the axial movement of a laser head are controlled to realize the additive forming of materials in a splicing area;
step two, selecting thin-wall metal blanks to be spliced: determining the material of the thin-wall metal blanks to be spliced according to the analysis result in the first step, wherein the two thin-wall metal blanks to be spliced are made of the same or different materials, and the materials with equal wall thickness or different wall thickness are selected;
step three, determining the width of a laser metal deposition splicing area: determining the width and thickness of a laser metal deposition splicing area according to the material and the wall thickness of the thin-wall metal blank determined in the step two and the requirement on the size of the splicing area in the blank forming process; when the blank to be spliced is a thin-wall metal blank, selecting a narrower width which is 1-2 times of the larger thickness of the thin-wall metal blank to be spliced for the thickness difference of 1-2 times of the thin-wall blank to be spliced which does not need auxiliary forming of a splicing area; for the thickness difference of thin-wall slabs to be spliced which need to be transited in a wider splicing area or need to relieve stress concentration to assist forming, selecting a wider width which is 4-5 times of the larger thickness of the thin-wall metal blanks to be spliced; when the material to be spliced is a thin-wall metal tube blank, the width of the splicing area is 0.5-1 time of the diameter difference of the two thin-wall metal tube blanks;
determining a material of a laser metal deposition splicing area and a substrate to which the material is attached: printing the same material in the splicing area for splicing the same material according to the material and the wall thickness of the thin-wall metal blank determined in the second step and the width of the splicing area determined in the third step; for dissimilar material splicing, depending on the forming requirements of the splicing region, selecting a material between the two materials in strength or rigidity or a stronger and stiffer material; for splicing thin-wall metal slabs, selecting a thin-wall metal slab as a matrix to which a printing material is attached, and placing the matrix under two thin-wall metal slabs to be spliced to pre-connect the slabs; for a thin-wall metal tube blank, a thin-wall metal tube is selected as a substrate to which a material is attached, and two ends of the thin-wall metal tube blank are embedded into two tube blanks to be spliced to be pre-connected;
step five, determining technological parameters of laser metal deposition: the laser comprises laser power, a laser scanning path, a laser head single-layer lifting height, a powder feeding speed and a laser scanning speed;
step six, laser metal deposition printing splicing area: printing a splicing area according to the laser metal deposition process parameters determined in the fifth step; the laser scanning path adopts single-channel multi-layer stacking forming or multi-channel multi-layer stacking forming according to the thickness and the width of the splicing area;
step seven, determining the total laser printing layer number according to the thickness of the splicing area and the single-layer deposition height, and performing deposition printing layer by layer: for splicing two thin-wall metal tube blanks, performing deposition forming by fixing a laser head while rotating the thin-wall metal tube blanks along an axis;
step eight, post-treatment of thin-wall metal blanks: after the splicing of the two thin-wall metal blanks is completed through laser metal deposition, carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the spliced thin-wall metal blanks under high temperature and high pressure conditions so as to eliminate microcrack, air holes and unfused defects in a splicing area after laser metal deposition manufacturing, and polishing and cleaning the surface of the splicing area to obtain the final spliced thin-wall metal blanks for forming.
The method for splicing the thin-wall metal blank by adopting the laser metal deposition can solve the problems of weld joint cracking of the thin-wall metal blank in the follow-up forming process caused by the defects of difficult control of weld joint area material performance, narrow weld joint, poor quality, stress concentration and the like in the traditional welding process such as laser welding, arc welding, plasma welding and the like; the splicing area is printed section by section and layer by layer, so that the spreading of a heat affected area in the traditional welding process is avoided, and the problem of larger residual stress in the welding seam is solved.
Example 2: referring to fig. 4, the laser metal deposition method is used to print the variable wall thickness splicing region to splice non-uniform wall thickness slabs.
Determining a total forming scheme for splicing thin-wall slabs in the first step, determining two non-uniform-wall-thickness thin-wall metal slabs to be spliced in the second step, determining the width of a laser metal deposition splicing area in the third step, and selecting a narrower width which is 1-2 times of the larger thickness of the thin-wall metal slabs to be spliced for the thickness difference of the thin-wall slabs to be spliced which does not need auxiliary forming of the splicing area; for the thickness difference of thin-wall slabs to be spliced which need to be transited in a wider splicing area or need to relieve stress concentration to assist forming, selecting a wider width which is 4-5 times of the larger thickness of the thin-wall metal blanks to be spliced; when the material to be spliced is a thin-wall metal tube blank, the width of the splicing area is 0.5-1 time of the diameter difference of the two thin-wall metal tube blanks; and in the fifth step, when the technological parameters of laser metal deposition are determined, a laser head movement track program is required to be written so as to print out a splicing area with linear wall thickness change. The other steps were the same as in example 1.
The method for splicing the thin-wall metal blank by laser metal deposition can solve the problems that the weld joint is cracked in the subsequent forming process due to the defects of difficult control of the material performance of the weld joint area, stress concentration and the like caused by the traditional welding process; according to the wall thickness requirement of the two thin-wall metal blanks, a splicing area with linear wall thickness change is printed, and continuous smooth transition of the two thin-wall metal blanks with different thicknesses in thickness can be realized, so that the stress concentration effect of the splicing area is further reduced geometrically, and the surface smoothness and subsequent forming performance of the blanks are improved.
Example 3: referring to fig. 5, the method of the invention is used for printing the equal-wall thickness equal-radius splicing area by adopting a laser metal deposition method so as to splice the equal-wall thickness equal-radius thin-wall tube blank capable of rotating along the axis.
And determining an overall forming scheme for splicing the thin-wall tube blanks in the first step, and determining two equal-wall-thickness equal-radius thin-wall tube blanks to be spliced in the second step, wherein the two equal-wall-thickness equal-radius thin-wall tube blanks are AA6061 tube blanks. In the third step, the width of the laser metal deposition splicing area can be selected to be 1-2 times of the thicknesses of the two tube blanks. In the fourth step, determining the material of the laser metal deposition splicing area, wherein 6-series aluminum alloy powder with the particle size range of 53-106 um can be selected; for the matrix with the attached materials, a pipe or a column body can be selected as the matrix with the attached materials, and the two pipes to be spliced are pre-connected by embedding the two ends of the matrix into the two pipe blanks to be spliced. Under the condition of fixing the position of the laser head, the thin-wall tube blank to be spliced can be rotated along the axis of the tube blank until the whole splicing area is printed. The other steps were the same as in example 1.
The method for splicing the thin-wall metal tube blank by laser metal deposition can avoid the problems of weld cracking of the thin-wall tube blank in the subsequent forming process caused by the defects of uncertain material performance, poor quality, stress concentration and the like of a weld zone caused by the traditional welding process; the splicing area is printed section by section and layer by layer, so that the spreading of a heat affected area in the traditional welding process is avoided, and the problem of larger residual stress in a welding line is solved.
Example 4: referring to fig. 6, a schematic diagram of the non-uniform-wall-thickness uniform-radius thin-wall tube blank is printed by adopting a laser metal deposition method to print a non-uniform-wall-thickness uniform-radius splicing area.
Determining a total forming scheme for splicing the thin-wall tube blanks in the first step, determining two non-equal-wall-thickness equal-radius thin-wall tube blanks to be spliced in the second step, selecting a laser metal deposition splicing area with the width 1-2 times that of a larger thickness in the spliced blank in the third step, and determining the material of the laser metal deposition splicing area in the fourth step; for the matrix with the attached materials, a pipe or a column body can be selected as the matrix with the attached materials, and the two pipes to be spliced are connected by embedding the two ends of the matrix into the two pipe blanks to be spliced. And in the fifth step, when the technological parameters of laser metal deposition are determined, a laser head movement track program is required to be written so as to print out a splicing area with linear wall thickness change. In the seventh step, deposition forming can be performed by fixing the position of the laser head while rotating the tube blank along the axis until printing of the whole splicing area is completed. The other steps were the same as in example 1.
The method for splicing the thin-wall metal tube blank by laser metal deposition is adopted, so that the problems of weld joint cracking in the follow-up forming process of the thin-wall tube blank caused by the defects of uncertain material performance, poor quality, stress concentration and the like of a weld joint area in the traditional welding process are avoided; the splicing area is printed section by section and layer by layer, so that the spreading of a heat affected area in the traditional welding process is avoided, and the problem of larger residual stress in a welding line is solved; according to the different wall thicknesses of the two thin-wall tube blanks, the splicing area with the linear wall thickness change is printed, and the continuous smooth transition of the two thin-wall tube blanks with different thicknesses in the thickness can be realized, so that the stress concentration effect of the splicing area is further reduced in the geometry of the splicing area, and the surface smoothness and the subsequent forming performance of the thin-wall tube blanks are improved.
Example 5: referring to fig. 7, the invention adopts laser metal deposition to splice variable diameter and variable wall thickness splicing areas to splice non-equal radius and non-equal wall thickness thin-wall tube blanks.
In the first step, the overall forming scheme of the thin-wall tube blank splicing is determined, in the second step, two non-equal-radius non-equal-wall-thickness thin-wall tube blanks to be spliced are determined, in the third step, the width of a laser metal deposition splicing area is 4-5 times of the larger thickness of the two tube blanks, so that the radius of the splicing area is slowly changed. Determining the material of a laser metal deposition splicing area in the fourth step; for the matrix with the attached materials, a reducer pipe or a reducer column body can be selected as the matrix with the attached materials, and the reducer pipe or the reducer column body is embedded into two pipe blanks to be spliced at two ends to pre-connect the two pipe blanks. In the fifth step, when determining the technological parameters of laser metal deposition, a laser head motion track program is required to be written to print out a splicing area with linear wall thickness change and linear radius change. In the seventh step, deposition forming can be performed by fixing the position of the laser head while rotating the tube blank along the axis until printing of the whole splicing area is completed. The other steps were the same as in example 1.
The method for splicing two non-equal-radius thin-wall metal tube blanks by adopting laser metal deposition solves the problem that the traditional butt welding process can not splice the tube blanks; according to the different wall thicknesses and the different radiuses of the two thin-wall tube blanks, the splicing areas with the linear wall thickness change and the linear radius change are printed, and the continuous smooth transition of the two thin-wall tube blanks with the different thicknesses and the different radiuses in the thickness and the radius can be realized, so that the stress concentration effect of the splicing areas is further reduced, and the surface smoothness and the subsequent forming performance of the thin-wall tube blanks are improved.
Claims (1)
1. A method for splicing thin-wall metal blanks by adopting laser metal deposition is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, determining a blank splicing overall forming scheme: performing shape analysis on thin-wall metal blanks to be spliced to determine a laser metal deposition splicing scheme adopted by the thin-wall metal blanks or the thin-wall metal tube blanks; when the thin-wall metal blank to be spliced is a thin-wall metal plate blank, the thin-wall metal plate blank is placed at the bottom of the thin-wall metal plate blank to be spliced to serve as a matrix, the pre-connection of the thin-wall metal plate blank is realized, and then the material addition forming of the splicing area material is realized by controlling the reciprocating motion of a laser head; when the thin-wall metal blank to be spliced is a thin-wall metal tube blank, the thin-wall metal tube is embedded in the inner wall of the thin-wall metal tube blank to be spliced to serve as a matrix, the pre-connection of the thin-wall metal tube blank is realized, and then the circumferential rotation of the pre-connection thin-wall metal tube blank and the axial movement of a laser head are controlled to realize the additive forming of materials in a splicing area;
step two, selecting thin-wall metal blanks to be spliced: determining the material of the thin-wall metal blanks to be spliced according to the analysis result in the first step, wherein the two thin-wall metal blanks to be spliced are made of the same or different materials, and the materials with equal wall thickness or different wall thickness are selected;
step three, determining the width of a laser metal deposition splicing area: determining the width and thickness of a laser metal deposition splicing area according to the material and the wall thickness of the thin-wall metal blank determined in the step two and the requirement on the size of the splicing area in the blank forming process; when the blank to be spliced is a thin-wall metal blank, selecting a narrower width which is 1-2 times of the larger thickness of the thin-wall metal blank to be spliced for the thickness difference of 1-2 times of the thin-wall blank to be spliced which does not need auxiliary forming of a splicing area; for the thickness difference of thin-wall slabs to be spliced which need to be transited in a wider splicing area or need to relieve stress concentration to assist forming, selecting a wider width which is 4-5 times of the larger thickness of the thin-wall metal blanks to be spliced; when the material to be spliced is a thin-wall metal tube blank, the width of the splicing area is 0.5-1 time of the diameter difference of the two thin-wall metal tube blanks;
determining a material of a laser metal deposition splicing area and a substrate to which the material is attached: printing the same material in the splicing area for splicing the same material according to the material and the wall thickness of the thin-wall metal blank determined in the second step and the width of the splicing area determined in the third step; for dissimilar material splicing, depending on the forming requirements of the splicing region, selecting a material between the two materials in strength or rigidity or a stronger and stiffer material; for splicing thin-wall metal slabs, selecting a thin-wall metal slab as a matrix to which a printing material is attached, and placing the matrix under two thin-wall metal slabs to be spliced to pre-connect the slabs; for a thin-wall metal tube blank, a thin-wall metal tube is selected as a substrate to which a material is attached, and two ends of the thin-wall metal tube blank are embedded into two tube blanks to be spliced to be pre-connected;
step five, determining technological parameters of laser metal deposition: the laser comprises laser power, a laser scanning path, a laser head single-layer lifting height, a powder feeding speed and a laser scanning speed;
step six, laser metal deposition printing splicing area: printing a splicing area according to the laser metal deposition process parameters determined in the fifth step; the laser scanning path adopts single-channel multi-layer stacking forming or multi-channel multi-layer stacking forming according to the thickness and the width of the splicing area;
step seven, determining the total laser printing layer number according to the thickness of the splicing area and the single-layer deposition height, and performing deposition printing layer by layer: for splicing two thin-wall metal tube blanks, performing deposition forming by fixing a laser head while rotating the thin-wall metal tube blanks along an axis;
step eight, post-treatment of thin-wall metal blanks: after the splicing of the two thin-wall metal blanks is completed through laser metal deposition, carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the spliced thin-wall metal blanks under high temperature and high pressure conditions so as to eliminate microcrack, air holes and unfused defects in a splicing area after laser metal deposition manufacturing, and polishing and cleaning the surface of the splicing area to obtain the final spliced thin-wall metal blanks for forming.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310879364.0A CN116900321A (en) | 2023-07-18 | 2023-07-18 | Method for splicing thin-wall metal blanks by adopting laser metal deposition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310879364.0A CN116900321A (en) | 2023-07-18 | 2023-07-18 | Method for splicing thin-wall metal blanks by adopting laser metal deposition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116900321A true CN116900321A (en) | 2023-10-20 |
Family
ID=88357713
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310879364.0A Pending CN116900321A (en) | 2023-07-18 | 2023-07-18 | Method for splicing thin-wall metal blanks by adopting laser metal deposition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116900321A (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-07-18 CN CN202310879364.0A patent/CN116900321A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP1631414B1 (en) | Method of induction weld forming with shear displacement step | |
| CN108480629A (en) | A kind of laser gain material manufacturing method of steam turbine hollow blade | |
| Yu et al. | Process parameters optimization and mechanical properties of forming parts by direct laser fabrication of YCF101 alloy | |
| KR20150013204A (en) | Method for producing rolling roll, rolling roll, and device for producing rolling roll | |
| CN105209209A (en) | Friction spot welding and friction seam welding | |
| US20070090159A1 (en) | Clamp apparatus, joining method, and method of manufacturing hollow member | |
| CN108890128A (en) | A kind of laser multi-beam combined temp field welder | |
| CN101954536A (en) | Method for welding minor-diameter nozzle and aluminum alloy thin-walled structure | |
| CN110869156A (en) | Welding method of large-sized cylinder section | |
| CN110560507A (en) | Forming method of large-diameter special-shaped section thin-wall pipe fitting | |
| CN105689715A (en) | Mold plasma 3D rapid prototyping remanufacturing device and method | |
| Klobcar et al. | WAAM and other unconventional metal additive manufacturing technologies | |
| CN109622960B (en) | Composite forming device and method for plate | |
| CN116900321A (en) | Method for splicing thin-wall metal blanks by adopting laser metal deposition | |
| US5132078A (en) | Diagrid for a nuclear reactor core | |
| CN108994120A (en) | It is applicable in superhigh intensity, the method for coiling of the small diameter cylinder of ultra-thick steel plates and system | |
| CN112917011A (en) | Laser welding method for end flange of exhaust pipe of aircraft engine | |
| JPS59110491A (en) | Method and device for manufacturing bend made of steel | |
| CN114378455B (en) | Laser cutting device and method for additive manufacturing of thin-wall metal pipe fitting | |
| US20220193776A1 (en) | Hybrid processing of freeform deposition material by progressive forging | |
| CN114515886A (en) | Large-size special-shaped stainless steel pipeline and efficient additive manufacturing device and method thereof | |
| CN113695595B (en) | Method for preparing thin-wall blank by adopting laser metal deposition and follow-up rolling | |
| US20200398360A1 (en) | System and method for forming a weld along a length | |
| CN107812816B (en) | A kind of tailor welded blanket material side boss forming device and method | |
| CN209792840U (en) | Device for integral surfacing of inner wall of 90-degree elbow |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |