CN116884661A - 一种多层无铅x射线防护结构及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种多层无铅x射线防护结构及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种多层无铅X射线防护结构及其制备方法和应用,医用X射线防护技术领域,包括至少2个堆叠设置的X射线阻隔层,X射线阻隔层包括基质材料和分布于基质材料内的X射线阻隔粒子;其中X射线阻隔粒子为锆、钼、银、镉、铟、锡、锑、铯、钡、钽、钨、铱或铋中的至少一种金属元素的单质或含有该金属元素的化合物。与现有技术相比,本发明中的多层无铅X射线防护材料具有与铅相同的X射线防护性能兼具光催化抑菌以及杀伤病毒潜在性能,并且能够进一步减轻重量,在国内高端X射线防护服领域展现出很大的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医用X射线防护技术领域,涉及一种多层无铅X射线防护结构及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
X射线诊断和放射介入治疗技术的普及使得医学工作者长期暴露在X射线环境中,极易导致细胞放射性损伤、白血病、癌症等疾病,因此X射线防护越来越受到了人们的重视。X射线防护服是一种通过屏蔽射线,使医护人员在工作时的伤害降到最低的特殊防护性服饰,是医院、化工等不可缺少的最佳辐射防护工具。
X射线防护服主要以含铅塑料、橡胶以及聚丙烯非织造纤维制成,可以减少X射线对医生身体的损伤,但还存在生物毒性、不灵活、舒适性差、存在防护漏洞等缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一种多层无铅X射线防护结构及其制备方法和应用,具有与铅相同的X射线防护性能兼具光催化抑菌以及杀伤病毒潜在性能,并且能够进一步减轻重量,在国内高端X射线防护服领域展现出很大的应用前景。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种多层无铅X射线防护结构,包括至少2个堆叠设置的K层吸收限为17~100keV的X射线阻隔层,所述的X射线阻隔层包括基质材料和分布于基质材料内的X射线阻隔粒子;
所述的X射线阻隔粒子为锆(Zr),钼(Mo),银(Ag),镉(Cd),铟(In),锡(Sn),锑(Sb),铯(Cs),钡(Ba),钽(Ta),钨(W)、铱(Ir)或铋(Bi)中的至少一种金属元素的单质或含有该金属元素的化合物。
优选的,沿辐射入射方向,在外X射线阻隔层中的元素(简称“第一元素”)为原子序数相对更低的元素,在内X射线阻隔层中的元素(简称“第二元素”)为原子序数相对更高的元素。
由于多个X射线阻隔层层叠在一起,因此对于X射线能够以更轻的重量获得与使用铅相同的防护性能。由于不使用铅,因此可以降低环境负荷。
优选的,所述第一元素和所述第二元素优选使用由单体组成的细颗粒。但是当所述第一元素单体或所述第二元素单体使用不稳定或价格昂贵时,可以使用含有所述第一元素或所述第二元素的化合物或掺杂复合其它具有光催化抗菌抗病毒性能的微粒。这些统称为“含有第一元素的微粒”或“含有第二元素的微粒”。
进一步地,所述的X射线阻隔粒子为BaSO4、Bi2O3或SnO2。
进一步地,所述的X射线阻隔粒子的平均粒径为1-100μm,优选为1-30μm。
进一步地,所述的基质材料为有机物,如纸浆、人造丝、醋酸盐、三醋酸盐、尼龙6、尼龙66、维尼纶、偏乙烯基、聚氯乙烯、聚酯、丙烯酸、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氨酯、芳纶、聚乙烯醇等,无机物如玻璃、碳、活性炭、氧化铝、岩棉等,金属如不锈钢,橡胶、乳胶、合成纤维、聚合物、有机硅材料等。可以适当地选择这些材料,优选为有机高分子聚合物,并混合使用一种或两种以上的材料。例如,为提高防护材料的透气性和柔韧性,则优选纸浆和热塑性树脂,如PP和乳胶的混合。
进一步地,当该结构由双层X射线阻隔层构成时,外层与内层的单位面积质量比为5:5~9:1,优选为7:3~9:1。
一种多层无铅X射线防护结构的制备方法,包括:
将X射线阻隔粒子与基质材料、固化剂混合,加热固化得到X射线阻隔层;将多个X射线阻隔层依次堆叠装配,得到多层无铅X射线防护结构。
进一步地,所述的X射线阻隔粒子与基质材料、固化剂的质量比为(10-12):(8-12):1;
所述的加热固化中,加热温度为50~70℃。
进一步地,相邻X射线阻隔层之间可采用缝纫、胶黏等方式保持X射线阻隔层之间的层叠状态。并且可同时层叠除阻隔X射线以外的其他层,如增强层、对水层、防污层等。
一种多层无铅X射线防护结构的应用,包括将该结构用于制备X射线防护服。优选的,该防护服包括防护围裙、手套、头套等服饰部件。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下特点:
1)本发明具有操作简单、经济性、环保的特点。多层结构的设计增加了X射线在防护服中多个地方发生光电效应的概率,从而大大提高了各组分的K层吸收限的互补效应。同时,X射线在层间被反射和吸收,导致光子能量进一步被耗散。在这两种效应的协同作用下,多层防护材料相比相同质量的单层防护材料表现出增强的X射线防护性能,并且相比铅橡胶X射线防护服能够进一步减轻重量,在国内高端X射线防护服领域展现出很大的应用前景;
2)本发明中多层无铅X射线防护材料各元素层制造方法简单;
3)本发明同时兼具光催化抑菌以及杀伤病毒的潜在应用价值。
附图说明
图1为多层X射线防护材料的立体图。
图2为实施例1-3和市售0.175mm Pb铅衣单位面积质量的测试比较。
图3为实施例1-3和单层防护材料的衰减率。
图4为实施例1-3和单层防护材料的质量衰减系数。
图5为实施例1-3和单层防护材料的HVL和TVL;
图中标记说明:
1-第一层,2-第二层,10-多层无铅X射线防护结构。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例以本发明上述技术方案为前提进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
本发明对于能量范围在1~100keV内的X射线具有较好的屏蔽效果。
以下实施例中PDMS为道康宁SYLGARD 184SILICONE ELASTOMER KIT,固化剂是产品配套使用的固化剂。
X射线阻隔粒子的平均粒径约为1μm。
实施例1:
如图1所示,本实施例的一种多层无铅X射线防护结构10(以下简称“防护材料”)通过层叠第一层1和第二层2而构成。
本实施例以PDMS作为基质材料。首先,将BaSO4、Bi2O3两种X射线阻隔粒子(50wt%)分别混合到PDMS与固化剂(10:1)的混合基质中,均匀搅拌,在60℃烘箱中固化1h后得到PDMS/BaSO4(第一层1)、PDMS/Bi2O3(第二层2)。第一层1的单位面积质量M1与第二层2的单位面积质量M2的比值为5:5。从辐射入射侧依次层叠第一层1和第二层2。层间使用PDMS胶黏,得到单位面积质量为3278.7g/m2的PDMS/BaSO4-PDMS/Bi2O3多层无铅X射线防护结构,记为BSP-BOP。
实施例2:
一种多层无铅X射线防护结构,与实施例1相比区别仅在于:
采用SnO2替代BaSO4作为第一层1的X射线阻隔粒子,所得多层无铅X射线防护结构,记为SNP-BOP。
其余同实施例1。
实施例3:
一种多层无铅X射线防护结构,与实施例1相比区别仅在于:
采用SnO2替代BaSO4作为第一层1的X射线阻隔粒子,采用BaSO4替代Bi2O3作为第二层2的X射线阻隔粒子,所得多层无铅X射线防护结构,记为SNP-BSP。
对比例1:
与实施例1~3具有相同质量的茂吉电子科技有限公司康韫0.175mm Pb铅衣作为防护结构。
应用实施例:
对于实施例1~3和对比例中的防护材料,确认防护X射线的效果。在本次验证中,在管电压100kV下进行测量。此外,实施例1~3中的保护材料的X射线照射均从第一层1侧进行(见图1)。
图2是实施例1~3和市售0.175mm Pb铅衣单位面积质量的测试比较。如图2所示,多层防护材料实施例1~3的单位面积的质量约为3278.7g/m2,相比于市售0.175mm Pb铅衣的单位面积的质量(3646g/m2)轻10.1%。
表1分别显示了实施例1~3和单层防护材料的铅当量和衰减比。其中PbP为PDMS/Pb(将Pb X射线阻隔粒子以50wt%混合到PDMS与固化剂(10:1)的混合基质中,均匀搅拌,在60℃烘箱中固化1h后得到PDMS/Pb,单位面积的质量约为3278.7g/m2),BoP为PDMS/Bi2O3(将Bi2O3 X射线阻隔粒子以50wt%混合到PDMS与固化剂(10:1)的混合基质中,均匀搅拌,在60℃烘箱中固化1h后得到PDMS/Bi2O3,单位面积的质量约为3278.7g/m2),BsP为PDMS/BaSO4(将BaSO4X射线阻隔粒子以50wt%混合到PDMS与固化剂(10:1)的混合基质中,均匀搅拌,在60℃烘箱中固化1h后得到PDMS/BaSO4,单位面积的质量约为3278.7g/m2),SnP为PDMS/SnO2(将SnO2 X射线阻隔粒子以50wt%混合到PDMS与固化剂(10:1)的混合基质中,均匀搅拌,在60℃烘箱中固化1h后得到PDMS/SnO2,单位面积的质量约为3278.7g/m2)。
表1
如表1所示,多层防护材料实施例1~3相比相同质量的单层防护材料对照组表现出增强的X射线防护性能,BSP-BOP表现出最佳的X射线防护性能(0.19mm Pb)。图3、4、5分别是实施例1-3和单层防护材料的衰减率、质量衰减系数、HVL和TVL。如图所示,BSP-BOP在光子能量为100kV时的衰减率达到83.97%,将入射X射线强度衰减50%和90%所需厚度分别为1.08mm和3.59mm,表现最佳。实施例1~3将光子能量100kV的X射线衰减90%需要的厚度,对于X射线防护服产品均是可以接受的,在无铅X射线防护服市场中具有一定的竞争力。
实施例1BSP-BOP相对于相比于市售0.175mm Pb铅衣的单位面积的质量减轻10.1%,X射线防护性能相对优越(0.19mm Pb)。
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改,并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此,本发明不限于上述实施例,本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示,不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种多层无铅X射线防护结构,其特征在于,包括至少2个堆叠设置的X射线阻隔层,所述的X射线阻隔层包括基质材料和分布于基质材料内的X射线阻隔粒子;
所述的X射线阻隔粒子为锆、钼、银、镉、铟、锡、锑、铯、钡、钽、钨、铱或铋中的至少一种金属元素的单质或含有该金属元素的化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多层无铅X射线防护结构,其特征在于,所述的X射线阻隔粒子为BaSO4、Bi2O3或SnO2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种多层无铅X射线防护结构,其特征在于,所述的X射线阻隔粒子的平均粒径为1-100μm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种多层无铅X射线防护结构,其特征在于,所述的X射线阻隔粒子的平均粒径为1-30μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种多层无铅X射线防护结构,其特征在于,所述的基质材料为纸浆、人造丝、醋酸盐、三醋酸盐、尼龙6、尼龙66、维尼纶、偏乙烯基、聚氯乙烯、聚酯、丙烯酸、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氨酯、PDMS、芳纶、聚乙烯醇、玻璃、碳、活性炭、氧化铝、岩棉、不锈钢,橡胶、乳胶、合成纤维、有机硅材料中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种多层无铅X射线防护结构,其特征在于,当该结构由双层X射线阻隔层构成时,外层与内层的单位面积质量比为5:5~9:1。
7.如权利要求1至6任一项所述的一种多层无铅X射线防护结构的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括:
将X射线阻隔粒子与基质材料、固化剂混合,加热固化得到X射线阻隔层;将多个X射线阻隔层依次堆叠装配,得到多层无铅X射线防护结构。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种多层无铅X射线防护结构的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的X射线阻隔粒子与基质材料、固化剂的质量比为(10-12):(8-12):1;
所述的加热固化中,加热温度为50~70℃。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种多层无铅X射线防护结构的制备方法,其特征在于,相邻X射线阻隔层之间通过缝纫、胶黏进行连接。
10.如权利要求1至6任一项所述的一种多层无铅X射线防护结构的应用,其特征在于,该结构用于制备X射线防护服。
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