CN116869207A - Baking method suitable for upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco K326 variety - Google Patents
Baking method suitable for upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco K326 variety Download PDFInfo
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- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 39
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/10—Roasting or cooling tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B9/00—Control of the moisture content of tobacco products, e.g. cigars, cigarettes, pipe tobacco
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Abstract
The invention discloses a baking method suitable for upper leaves of a flue-cured tobacco K326 variety, which comprises the following steps: s1, harvesting upper leaves of mature tobacco plants, and filling the upper leaves into a tobacco filling chamber of a curing barn; s2, baking the assembled upper leaves, wherein the baking comprises a yellowing front stage, a yellowing middle stage, a yellowing rear stage, a fixing front stage, a fixing middle stage, a fixing rear stage and a dry rib stage, the temperature of dry balls is steadily increased in seven stages of the yellowing front stage, the yellowing middle stage, the yellowing rear stage, the fixing front stage, the fixing rear stage and the dry rib stage, the temperature of wet balls is changed in a V shape in five stages of the yellowing middle stage, the yellowing rear stage, the fixing front stage, the fixing middle stage and the fixing rear stage, the temperature of dry balls is kept unchanged in the yellowing middle stage and the yellowing rear stage, the temperature of the dry balls is respectively changed in double 39-40 ℃ and double 41-42 ℃, and the temperature of the wet balls is reduced by 0.5-1 ℃ in each stage. The method is used for baking the upper leaves, the ash hanging degree and proportion of the upper leaves are obviously reduced, the chromaticity of the tobacco leaves is thick, the proportion of the grade of the tobacco leaves is improved, and the baking quality of the upper leaves and income of tobacco farmers are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco leaf processing, in particular to a baking method suitable for upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco K326 varieties.
Background
The K326 flue-cured tobacco is used as one of the common main cultivated varieties in the production of the flue-cured tobacco in China, has the advantages of orange color, full color, sufficient aroma quantity, good aroma quality, rich oil content, pure taste, concentration, strong strength, suitability for neutralization, strong combustibility and the like after being roasted, and can better meet the requirements of the cigarette industry in China for producing high-quality and high-grade brands of cigarettes.
The K326 flue-cured tobacco has stable character, good resistance and moderately high yield, and is deeply favored by vast tobacco growers. In Shao Yangyan area, compared with the cloud tobacco 87 variety, the K326 flue-cured tobacco has more outstanding sweet fragrance and more obvious aroma style characteristics. However, the flue-cured tobacco variety has the problems of poor tobacco leaf opening, poor degree of maturity at the leaf base, thicker flesh, dense structure, difficult water loss, higher PPO activity, difficult curing (the upper tobacco leaf is particularly obvious) and the like.
At present, the baking of the upper leaves of the K326 variety in the Shao Yangyan area is mainly based on a conventional three-section baking method, and in the baking process, the baking and bad smoke conditions such as baking green, baking black, ash hanging, large chromatic aberration of front and back surfaces and the like often occur, so that the purchase price of the baking and bad smoke is far lower than that of cloud smoke 87, the acceptance degree and the planting willingness of tobacco farmers are low, the industrial availability of tobacco leaves is seriously influenced, and the tobacco industry enterprises are unwilling to allocate.
In recent years, the planting scale shows a decreasing trend, so that a baking practical technology is provided for promoting K326, vast tobacco farmers are promoted to accept K326 varieties, industrial requirements are met, the quality characteristics of Shao Yangnong-flavor tobacco leaves are fully revealed, and the baking technology is improved to improve the baking quality of tobacco leaves on the upper part of the K326 varieties, so that the method has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the prior art, the invention provides a baking method suitable for the upper leaves of a flue-cured tobacco K326 variety, which is used for baking the upper leaves, the ash hanging degree and proportion of the upper leaves are obviously reduced, the chromaticity of tobacco leaves is thick, the grade proportion of the tobacco leaves is improved, the baking quality of the upper leaves is obviously improved, and the income of tobacco farmers is obviously improved.
The technical scheme adopted for achieving the purposes of the invention is as follows:
a baking method suitable for upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco K326 varieties comprises the following steps:
s1, harvesting upper leaves of mature tobacco plants, and filling the upper leaves into a tobacco filling chamber of a curing barn;
s2, baking the assembled upper leaves, wherein the baking comprises a yellowing early stage, a yellowing middle stage, a yellowing later stage, a fixation early stage, a fixation middle stage, a fixation later stage and a tendon drying stage, and the baking method in each stage is as follows:
1) Early stage of yellowing:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 35.0-36.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 34.0-35.0 ℃, the temperature difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb is controlled to be 1.0-2.0 ℃, and the tobacco leaf is baked for 4-6 hours after the temperature of the dry bulb is stable until the leaf tip of the tobacco leaf at the high temperature layer turns yellow and soft, and the water loss is 8% -12%; then heating the dry bulb to 37.0-38.0 ℃, heating the wet bulb to 36.0-37.0 ℃, controlling the temperature difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb to 0-2.0 ℃, continuously baking for 12-14h after the temperature of the dry bulb is stable, and baking until the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer reach 6-7 to yellow and the water loss is 15-18%;
2) Mid-yellowing:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 39.0-40.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 37.0-38.0 ℃, the temperature difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb is controlled to be 1.0-3.0 ℃, and the tobacco is baked for 18-20 hours after the temperature of the dry bulb is stable until 7-8 of the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer turn yellow, the leaves are soft, and the water loss is 20% -22%; then keeping the temperature of the dry bulb at 39.0-40.0 ℃ and keeping the temperature of the wet bulb constant, reducing the temperature of the wet bulb to 36.0-37.0 ℃, controlling the temperature difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb at 1.0-3.0 ℃, continuously baking for 12-14h, and baking until the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer 8 turn yellow and the tobacco leaves at the low temperature layer are soft;
3) Late yellowing:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 41.0-42.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 36.5-37.0 ℃, the temperature difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb is controlled to be 4.0-6.0 ℃, and the tobacco is baked for 8-10 hours after the temperature of the dry bulb is stable until 8-9 of the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer turns yellow, the main vein is soft, and the water loss is 30-35%; then keeping the temperature of the dry bulb at 41.0-42.0 ℃ unchanged, reducing the temperature of the wet bulb to 36.0-36.5 ℃, controlling the temperature difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb at 4.0-6.0 ℃, continuously baking for 20-24 hours until the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer are 9 to be more yellow, the yellow piece of green ribs are obviously withered, the leaves show pointed curled edges, the water loss is about 40-50%, and the tobacco leaves at the low temperature layer are slightly withered;
4) And (3) color fixing earlier stage:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 43.0-44.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 36.0-36.5 ℃, the temperature difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb is controlled to be 6.5-8.0 ℃, and the tobacco is baked for 8-10 hours after the temperature of the dry bulb is stable until the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer are all yellow, the main vein is green, the tobacco leaves at the whole house are curled, and the water loss is more than 50%;
5) Mid-color fixation:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 47.0-48.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 37.0-37.5 ℃, the temperature difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb is controlled to be 9.5-11.0 ℃, the tobacco is baked for 16-18 hours after the temperature of the dry bulb is stable, the tobacco is baked until the water loss of the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer is above 60%, more than half of the area reaches dryness and hardness, the tobacco leaves in the whole house are all yellow, and yellow sheets and yellow ribs are formed;
6) And (3) in the later period of color fixing:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 53.0-54.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 38.0-39.0 ℃, the temperature difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb is controlled to be 14.0-24.0 ℃, when the temperature of the dry bulb is stable, the tobacco leaves are baked for 16-20 hours until the leaves of the tobacco leaves in the high temperature layer are almost completely dried, small reels and at least part of large reels are formed, but the base part in the main vein is not dried, the water loss is 70-80%, the drying area of the tobacco leaves in the low temperature layer is more than half, and the main vein of the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace is dehydrated and contracted;
7) And (3) a tendon drying period:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 60.0-61.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 39.0-40.0 ℃, and the tobacco is baked for 6-8 hours after the temperature of the dry bulb is stable until the main pulse of the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer contracts and becomes purple; and then heating the dry bulb to 67.0-68.0 ℃, heating the wet bulb to 41.0-42.0 ℃, continuously baking for 20-24 hours after the dry bulb temperature is stable, baking until the main pulse of the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace is dried, and ending baking.
Further, the upper part of the 4-6 leaves of the mature tobacco plant with the full growth period of 125-130 days is collected as an upper leaf.
Further, in the drying process of the early stage, the middle stage, the late stage and the fixed color, the heating rate of the dry ball is 1 ℃/2h, in the drying process of the early stage and the middle stage, the heating rate of the dry ball is 1 ℃/3h, and in the drying process of the dry rib, the heating rate of the dry ball is 1 ℃/1h.
Further, the curing barn is an intensive curing barn.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:
1. the invention fully grasps the field maturity, the She Chengshou degree of the upper part of the tobacco plant is prolonged by about 7 days on the basis of cloud tobacco, and the upper part of the tobacco plant is harvested in a layered manner and is harvested with stems.
2. The dry bulb temperature is steadily increased in seven periods of a yellow early stage, a yellow middle stage, a yellow later stage, a color fixing early stage, a color fixing middle stage, a color fixing later stage and a dry rib stage, the wet bulb temperature is changed in a V shape in five periods of the yellow middle stage, the yellow later stage, the color fixing early stage, the color fixing middle stage and the color fixing later stage, the dry bulb temperature is kept unchanged in two key periods of the yellow middle stage and the yellow later stage, the dry bulb temperature is respectively changed at double 39-40 ℃ and double 41-42 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is reduced by 0.5-1 ℃ in the later stage of each period, in a word, the upper She Zongse conversion critical temperature is defined to be 42 ℃, and new baking technologies such as slow temperature rise, slow color fixing, stable moisture removal and the like are adopted for baking upper leaves.
3. The method of the invention is used for baking the upper leaves, the ratio of ash hanging and green miscellaneous cigarettes of the obtained upper flue-cured tobacco leaves is obviously reduced, the color is more orange, the tissue structure is more loose, the oil content is more, the chromaticity is more concentrated, the evaluation and absorption quality is better, the baking quality of the upper leaves is obviously improved, the proportion of the upper cigarettes is obviously improved, the average price is obviously improved, and the income of tobacco farmers is obviously improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below.
Example 1
S1, harvesting 5 mature upper tobacco leaves with stems in the whole growth period of 128 days, and loading the mature upper tobacco leaves into a tobacco loading chamber of an intensive curing barn;
s2, baking the assembled upper leaves, wherein the baking comprises a yellowing early stage, a yellowing middle stage, a yellowing later stage, a fixation early stage, a fixation middle stage, a fixation later stage and a tendon drying stage, and the baking method in each stage is as follows:
1) Early stage of yellowing:
the temperature of the dry ball is 36.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet ball is 35.0 ℃, the heating rate of the dry ball is controlled to be 1 ℃/2h, the dry ball is baked for 4h after being stabilized, and the dry ball is baked until the leaf tip of the high-temperature layer tobacco leaves turns yellow and soft, and the water loss is about 10%; heating the dry bulb to 38.0 ℃, heating the wet bulb to 37.0 ℃, controlling the heating rate of the dry bulb to be 1 ℃/2h, heating the dry bulb to 38.0 ℃ after the temperature is raised for 4h, continuously baking the tobacco leaves for 12h after the dry bulb temperature is stabilized, and baking the tobacco leaves until the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer reach 6 to yellow, wherein the water loss is about 15%;
2) Mid-yellowing:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 40.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 38.0 ℃, the heating rate of the dry bulb is controlled to be 1 ℃/2h, the temperature of the dry bulb is stabilized to 40.0 ℃ after the temperature is increased for 4h, the dry bulb is baked for 18h after the temperature of the dry bulb is stabilized, the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer 7 are baked to yellow, the leaves are soft, and the water loss is about 20%; then keeping the temperature of the dry bulb at 40.0 ℃ unchanged, reducing the temperature of the wet bulb to 37.0 ℃, continuously baking for 12 hours until the tobacco leaves 8 at the high temperature layer turn yellow, and softening the tobacco leaves at the low temperature layer;
3) Late yellowing:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 42.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 36.5 ℃, the heating rate of the dry bulb is controlled to be 1 ℃/2h, the temperature of the dry bulb is stabilized to be 42.0 ℃ after the temperature is increased for 4h, the dry bulb is baked for 8h after the temperature of the dry bulb is stabilized, the tobacco leaves are baked until the tobacco leaves on the high temperature layer 9 turn yellow, the main vein is soft, and the water loss is about 30%; then keeping the temperature of the dry bulb at 42.0 ℃ unchanged, reducing the temperature of the wet bulb to 36.0 ℃, continuously baking for 24 hours until the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer 9 turn yellow or more, the yellow piece of green ribs are obviously withered, the leaves show pointed curled edges, the water loss is about 45%, and the tobacco leaves at the low temperature layer are slightly withered;
4) And (3) color fixing earlier stage:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 44.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 36.0 ℃, the heating rate of the dry bulb is controlled to be 1 ℃/3h, the temperature of the dry bulb is stabilized to be 42.0 ℃ after the temperature is increased for 6h, the dry bulb is baked for 8h after the temperature of the dry bulb is stabilized, the tobacco leaves at a high temperature layer are baked until all yellow, the main vein is green, the tobacco leaves at a whole room are curled, and the water loss is more than 50%;
5) Mid-color fixation:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 47.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 37.0 ℃, the heating rate of the dry bulb is controlled to be 1 ℃/3h, the temperature of the dry bulb is stabilized to be 47.0 ℃ after 9h of heating, the dry bulb is baked for 16h after being stabilized, the tobacco leaves are baked until the water loss of the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer is more than 60%, more than half of the area reaches dryness and hardness, the tobacco leaves in the whole house are all yellow, and yellow ribs are formed;
6) And (3) in the later period of color fixing:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 54.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 38.0 ℃, the heating rate of the dry bulb is controlled to be 1 ℃/2h, the temperature of the dry bulb is stabilized to be 54.0 ℃ after the temperature is increased for 14h, the dry bulb is baked for 16h after the temperature of the dry bulb is stabilized, the leaves of the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer are baked until the leaves are almost completely dried, a small winding drum is formed, at least part of the large winding drum is formed, but the base part in a main vein is not dried, the water loss is 80%, the drying area of the tobacco leaves at the low temperature layer reaches more than half, and the main vein of the tobacco leaves at the whole furnace is dehydrated and contracted;
7) And (3) a tendon drying period:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 60.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 40.0 ℃, the heating rate of the dry bulb is controlled to be 1 ℃/1h, the temperature of the dry bulb is stabilized to be 60.0 ℃ after the temperature is increased for 6h, and the dry bulb is baked for 6h after the temperature of the dry bulb is stabilized, and the main pulse of the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer is baked to shrink and become purple; and then heating the dry bulb to 68.0 ℃, heating the wet bulb to 42.0 ℃, controlling the heating rate of the dry bulb to be 1 ℃/1h, heating the dry bulb to 68.0 ℃ after 8h, continuously baking for 20h after the dry bulb temperature is stable, baking until the main pulse of the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace is dried, and ending baking.
Comparative example 1
S1, harvesting 5 mature upper tobacco leaves with stems in the whole growth period of 128 days, and loading the mature upper tobacco leaves into a tobacco loading chamber of an intensive curing barn;
s2, baking the upper leaves, wherein the baking comprises a yellowing stage, a withering stage, a color fixing stage and a tendon drying stage, and the baking method in each stage comprises the following steps:
1) Yellowing period:
the temperature of the dry ball is 36.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet ball is 35.0 ℃, the heating rate of the dry ball is controlled to be 1 ℃/h, and the dry ball is baked for 4 hours after the temperature of the dry ball is stable, and the tobacco leaf tip of the high-temperature layer becomes yellow and soft until the water loss is about 10%; then heating the dry bulb to 38.0 ℃, heating the wet bulb to 36.0 ℃, controlling the heating rate of the dry bulb to be 1 ℃/h, and continuously baking for 18 hours after the temperature of the dry bulb is stable, and baking until the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer reach 7 to yellow and lose water by about 15%; and then the temperature of the dry bulb is increased to 40.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 36.5 ℃, the heating rate of the dry bulb is controlled to be 0.5 ℃/h, and the tobacco leaves are baked for 24 hours after the temperature of the dry bulb is stabilized until the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer 8 turn yellow, the leaves are soft, and the water loss is about 20%.
2) Wilting period:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 42.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 36.5 ℃, the heating rate of the dry bulb is controlled to be 0.5 ℃/h, when the temperature of the dry bulb is stable, the dry bulb is baked for 24h, the tobacco leaves are baked until the high-temperature layer tobacco leaves are 9 to be more yellow, the yellow piece of green ribs are obviously withered, the leaves show tip-hooking curled edges, the water loss is about 45%, and the tobacco leaves at the low-temperature layer are slightly withered.
3) And (3) fixing period:
the temperature of the dry ball is 46.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet ball is 37 ℃, the heating rate of the dry ball is controlled to be 0.5 ℃/h, when the temperature of the dry ball is stable, the dry ball is baked for 16h, the yellow sheet and the white rib are dried, one third of the blade is dried, and the high temperature layer reaches a small winding drum; then raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 48.0 ℃, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 37.5 ℃, controlling the temperature raising rate of the dry bulb to 0.5 ℃/h, baking for 12 hours after the temperature of the dry bulb is stable, baking to a high-temperature layer tobacco leaf large winding drum, and drying the leaves by more than one half; and then the temperature of the dry bulb is raised to 54.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 38.0 ℃, and the tobacco leaves are baked for 16 hours after the temperature of the dry bulb is stable until the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer are completely dry, and the water loss is more than 70%.
4) And (3) a tendon drying period:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 60.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 39.0 ℃, and the tobacco is baked for 6 hours after the temperature of the dry bulb is stable until the main pulse of the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer contracts and becomes purple; and then heating the dry bulb temperature to 68.0 ℃, heating the wet bulb temperature to 42.0 ℃, continuously baking for 24 hours after the dry bulb temperature is stable, baking until the main pulse of the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace is dried, and ending baking.
Comparative example 2
And baking the upper leaves by adopting a conventional three-stage baking method.
The upper leaves were baked by the method of example 1 and comparative example 1, and baking cost, economical property, appearance quality, chemical composition and suction quality were evaluated as follows:
1. the comparison of baking costs is shown in table 1:
2. the comparison of economic traits of cured tobacco leaves is shown in Table 2:
| Method | total dry weight/kg | Smoke ratio/% | Medium smoke ratio/% | Lower smoke ratio/% | Average price/(Yuan/kg) | Yield value/element |
| Comparative example 1 | 35.27 | 59.54 | 34.9 | 5.56 | 26.49 | 934.3023 |
| Comparative example 2 | 35.10 | 55.42 | 37.79 | 6.79 | 26.22 | 920.322 |
| Example 1 | 35.44 | 70.67 | 27.61 | 1.72 | 27.28 | 966.803 |
3. The comparison of the appearance quality after baking is shown in Table 3:
| Method | color of | Maturity degree | Tissue structure | Oil content | Identity (identity) | Chromaticity of |
| Comparative example 1 | Orange-yellow | Maturation of | Is still loose | There is + | Slightly thicker | Strong strength |
| Comparative example 2 | Orange-yellow | Maturation of | Loose and still- | Has the following components | Slightly thicker | Strong strength |
| Example 1 | Orange + orange | Maturation of | Is still loose | There is + | Slightly thicker | Strong + |
4. The comparison of chemical compositions in cured tobacco is shown in Table 4:
5. the comparison of the flue-cured tobacco smoking quality is shown in table 5:
the invention adjusts the temperature of the dry ball and the wet ball, the wet ball temperature is changed in V shape in the middle period of yellow transition, the later period of yellow transition, the earlier period of color fixation, the middle period of color fixation and the later period of color fixation, and the dry ball temperature is kept unchanged in the two key periods of the middle period of yellow transition and the later period of yellow transition, the dry ball temperature is respectively shown as double 40 ℃ and double 42 ℃, and the wet ball temperature is reduced by 0.5-1 ℃ in the later period of each period. After the invention is adjusted, the proportion of the cigarettes with higher grade is improved by about 10%, the proportion of the ash hanging and the green miscellaneous cigarettes is reduced by about 10%, the smoke quality of the flue-cured tobacco is improved, the aroma quality, the aroma quantity and the aftertaste are obviously improved, and the miscellaneous gas is obviously reduced.
Claims (4)
1. The baking method suitable for the upper leaves of the flue-cured tobacco K326 variety is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, harvesting upper leaves of mature tobacco plants, and filling the upper leaves into a tobacco filling chamber of a curing barn;
s2, baking the assembled upper leaves, wherein the baking comprises a yellowing early stage, a yellowing middle stage, a yellowing later stage, a fixation early stage, a fixation middle stage, a fixation later stage and a tendon drying stage, and the baking method in each stage is as follows:
1) Early stage of yellowing:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 35.0-36.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 34.0-35.0 ℃, the temperature difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb is controlled to be 1.0-2.0 ℃, and the tobacco leaf is baked for 4-6 hours after the temperature of the dry bulb is stable until the leaf tip of the tobacco leaf at the high temperature layer turns yellow and soft, and the water loss is 8% -12%; then heating the dry bulb to 37.0-38.0 ℃, heating the wet bulb to 36.0-37.0 ℃, controlling the temperature difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb to 0-2.0 ℃, continuously baking for 12-14h after the temperature of the dry bulb is stable, and baking until the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer reach 6-7 to yellow and the water loss is 15-18%;
2) Mid-yellowing:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 39.0-40.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 37.0-38.0 ℃, the temperature difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb is controlled to be 1.0-3.0 ℃, and the tobacco is baked for 18-20 hours after the temperature of the dry bulb is stable until 7-8 of the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer turn yellow, the leaves are soft, and the water loss is 20% -22%; then keeping the temperature of the dry bulb at 39.0-40.0 ℃ and keeping the temperature of the wet bulb constant, reducing the temperature of the wet bulb to 36.0-37.0 ℃, controlling the temperature difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb at 1.0-3.0 ℃, continuously baking for 12-14h, and baking until the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer 8 turn yellow and the tobacco leaves at the low temperature layer are soft;
3) Late yellowing:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 41.0-42.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 36.5-37.0 ℃, the temperature difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb is controlled to be 4.0-6.0 ℃, and the tobacco is baked for 8-10 hours after the temperature of the dry bulb is stable until 8-9 of the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer turns yellow, the main vein is soft, and the water loss is 30-35%; then keeping the temperature of the dry bulb at 41.0-42.0 ℃ unchanged, reducing the temperature of the wet bulb to 36.0-36.5 ℃, controlling the temperature difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb at 4.0-6.0 ℃, continuously baking for 20-24 hours until the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer are 9 to be more yellow, the yellow piece of green ribs are obviously withered, the leaves show pointed curled edges, the water loss is about 40-50%, and the tobacco leaves at the low temperature layer are slightly withered;
4) And (3) color fixing earlier stage:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 43.0-44.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 36.0-36.5 ℃, the temperature difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb is controlled to be 6.5-8.0 ℃, and the tobacco is baked for 8-10 hours after the temperature of the dry bulb is stable until the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer are all yellow, the main vein is green, the tobacco leaves at the whole house are curled, and the water loss is more than 50%;
5) Mid-color fixation:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 47.0-48.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 37.0-37.5 ℃, the temperature difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb is controlled to be 9.5-11.0 ℃, the tobacco is baked for 16-18 hours after the temperature of the dry bulb is stable, the tobacco is baked until the water loss of the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer is above 60%, more than half of the area reaches dryness and hardness, the tobacco leaves in the whole house are all yellow, and yellow sheets and yellow ribs are formed;
6) And (3) in the later period of color fixing:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 53.0-54.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 38.0-39.0 ℃, the temperature difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb is controlled to be 14.0-24.0 ℃, when the temperature of the dry bulb is stable, the tobacco leaves are baked for 16-20 hours until the leaves of the tobacco leaves in the high temperature layer are almost completely dried, small reels and at least part of large reels are formed, but the base part in the main vein is not dried, the water loss is 70-80%, the drying area of the tobacco leaves in the low temperature layer is more than half, and the main vein of the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace is dehydrated and contracted;
7) And (3) a tendon drying period:
the temperature of the dry bulb is 60.0-61.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is 39.0-40.0 ℃, and the tobacco is baked for 6-8 hours after the temperature of the dry bulb is stable until the main pulse of the tobacco leaves at the high temperature layer contracts and becomes purple; and then heating the dry bulb to 67.0-68.0 ℃, heating the wet bulb to 41.0-42.0 ℃, continuously baking for 20-24 hours after the dry bulb temperature is stable, baking until the main pulse of the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace is dried, and ending baking.
2. The method for curing upper leaves suitable for flue-cured tobacco variety K326 according to claim 1, characterized in that: harvesting the upper 4-6 leaves with stems of mature tobacco plants with the full growth period of 125-130 days as upper leaves.
3. The method for curing upper leaves suitable for flue-cured tobacco variety K326 according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the drying process of the early stage, the middle stage, the late stage and the fixed color, the heating rate of the dry ball is 1 ℃/2h, in the drying process of the early stage and the fixed color, the heating rate of the dry ball is 1 ℃/3h, and in the drying process of the dry rib, the heating rate of the dry ball is 1 ℃/1h.
4. The method for curing upper leaves suitable for flue-cured tobacco variety K326 according to claim 1, characterized in that: the curing barn is an intensive curing barn.
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