CN112493524B

CN112493524B - Baking method of striking green tobacco leaves in mature period

Info

Publication number: CN112493524B
Application number: CN202011496462.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 童文杰; 张晗; 祝明亮; 王皓; 李庆鹏; 封幸兵; 张龙; 王津军; 刘忠华; 陈�峰; 周彬; 李卫; 邓小鹏; 马二登; 李军营; 姜永雷; 黄飞燕; 余磊
Original assignee: Kunming University; Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Kunming University; Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-12-17
Filing date: 2020-12-17
Publication date: 2022-07-05
Anticipated expiration: 2040-12-17
Also published as: CN112493524A

Abstract

The invention discloses a curing method of striking green tobacco leaves in a mature period, which is characterized in that the temperature of a dry bulb is adjusted to be 36 ℃, the temperature of a wet bulb is adjusted to be 34-35 ℃, and the leaf tips are yellowed; then, the temperature of the dry bulb is adjusted to be 38 ℃, and the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to be 36-37 ℃, so that most of the leaves turn yellow and are softened; then, the temperature of the dry bulb is adjusted to be 40 ℃, and the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to be 36-37 ℃, so that the leaves are basically yellow and fully softened; adjusting the dry bulb temperature to 42 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature to 36-37 ℃ to ensure that the yellow slices are green and withered and top-hooked; adjusting the temperature of the dry bulb to 45 ℃ and the temperature of the wet bulb to 36-37 ℃ to enable the yellow flakes to be yellow and curled; adjusting the dry bulb temperature to 54 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature to 38-39 ℃ to make the large reel; adjusting the temperature of a dry bulb to be 58-60 ℃ and the temperature of a wet bulb to be 39-40 ℃ to dry a main vein to be more than 1/3; raising the dry bulb temperature to 68 ℃, raising the wet bulb temperature to 40-41 ℃, and finishing baking; the method of the invention can obviously improve the baking quality of the striking root tobacco leaves.

Description

Baking method of striking green tobacco leaves in mature period

Technical Field

The invention relates to a curing method of striking green tobacco leaves in a mature period, belonging to the technical field of tobacco production.

Background

The green-returning tobacco is the phenomenon that tobacco leaves which are ripe or nearly ripe in the field obviously turn green and tender after passing through overcast and rainy and little-light weather for a long time, and lose the original ripe characteristics. The reason for the green-turning of tobacco leaves is mainly related to the nitrogen reabsorption of tobacco plants. In general, the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by tobacco plants reach a peak value before and after budding, then the absorption and utilization are obviously reduced, and tobacco leaves are gradually matured. Due to uneven distribution of factors such as drought, precipitation, illumination and the like during the growth period of flue-cured tobacco, great difference exists in the supply and utilization of fertilizers in soil. In the harvesting and baking season, if the residual nitrogen in the soil is more, and the moisture and the temperature of the soil are favorable for the growth of tobacco leaves in continuous rainy days, the green turning phenomenon of the tobacco leaves is easy to occur, and is represented by the height of tobacco plants, the thickness of the tobacco leaves, dark green leaf color, green and late maturity, difficult yellowing and the like. After the tobacco leaves are turned green, the tobacco leaves are difficult to enter a normal mature state in a short time, and at the moment, if green ribs and ash-hanging cigarettes are easily baked during green robbing, picking and baking, the quality of the tobacco leaves is adversely affected, and the normal seeding of next-stubble crops can be delayed due to the extension of the growth period.

The green-turning tobacco is mainly caused by less precipitation in the early growth period of tobacco and concentrated precipitation in the later growth period. The green-turned tobacco leaves have the characteristics that the water content of the tobacco leaves is high, the content of contents is greatly changed, the chlorophyll and protein contents in the leaves are increased, the starch, carbohydrate and the like are relatively less and the like, and the green-turned tobacco leaves are more exposed at the leaf positions of more than two sheds below a tobacco plant. The green-returning tobacco is characterized in that the leaves and veins are difficult to turn yellow, the tobacco leaves are difficult to dehydrate and slow to turn yellow when being baked, browning reaction is easy to occur in the drying and color fixing stage, browning reaction is generated, the baking difficulty is high, the baking is difficult to realize by adopting the common tobacco leaf mature harvesting and the three-stage baking process popularized in the current production, ash hanging and green ribs are easy to occur, and the quality and the benefit are difficult to exert. Therefore, a baking method suitable for the flue-cured tobacco leaves in the mature period is urgently needed to be found.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for baking striking green tobacco leaves in a mature period, which adopts a yellowing strategy of firstly taking water and then taking color, adopts the technical support of low-humidity baking color stabilization and adopts a color fixing concept of sectional water control and moisture removal promotion to bake the striking green tobacco leaves, and specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) a preheating stage: adjusting the dry bulb temperature to be 36 ℃, the wet bulb temperature to be 34-35 ℃, and the tobacco leaves change target to be leaf apex yellowing;

(2) and (3) yellowing stage: adjusting the dry bulb temperature to 38 ℃, the wet bulb temperature to 36-37 ℃ and the tobacco leaves change to the aim of yellowing and softening most of leaves;

(3) withering stage: adjusting the dry bulb temperature to 40 ℃, the wet bulb temperature to 36-37 ℃ and the tobacco leaves to change to the aim of basically yellowing and fully softening the leaves;

(4) and (3) a full yellow stage: adjusting the dry bulb temperature to 42 ℃, the wet bulb temperature to 36-37 ℃, and the tobacco leaves change to the aims of yellow green ribs and withered and tip-hooked leaves;

(5) turning yellow in branch vessels: adjusting the dry bulb temperature to 45 ℃, the wet bulb temperature to 36-37 ℃, and the tobacco leaves are changed to yellow leaf, yellow rib and curled edge;

(6) and (3) leaf drying stage: adjusting the dry bulb temperature to 54 ℃, the wet bulb temperature to 38-39 ℃ and the tobacco leaf change target to be a large reel;

(7) and (3) a tendon drying stage: adjusting the dry bulb temperature to be 58-60 ℃, the wet bulb temperature to be 39-40 ℃, and the tobacco leaves are dried to be more than 1/3 in the main vein change target; and raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 68 ℃, raising the temperature of the wet bulb to 40-41 ℃, completely drying the tobacco ribs, and finishing baking.

Preferably, the tobacco leaves are harvested and then packaged, and the flue-cured tobacco leaves have poor baking resistance, so that the tobacco leaves are ensured to be ripe during harvesting, are preferably thin and are not preferably thick during packaging, and are packaged in a furnace according to 80% of the tobacco leaves normally harvested.

Preferably, the preheating stage time of the method of the present invention is: the preheating stage time is as follows: 6-8 h, and the yellowing stage time is as follows: 60-65 h, and withering period time is as follows: 18-20 h, and the time of the full yellow stage is as follows: 16-17 h, and the time for the branch vessel to turn yellow is as follows: 16-17 h, and the time of the dry leaf stage is as follows: 18-20 h, and the dry tendon stage time is as follows: 18-20 h.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the method provided by the invention is used for baking aiming at the characteristics of thick leaves, green leaf color and compact tissue structure of the green-turned tobacco leaves, so that the occurrence of green tobacco, green-rib tobacco and withered tobacco can be reduced in the baking process, and the quality of the green-turned tobacco leaves is effectively improved. Can submit the income of farmers.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples.

Because the leaves of the green-turned tobacco leaves are thick, the leaf colors are green and the tissue structure is compact, the tobacco leaves are collected after the mature characteristics reappear; after sunny days, the tobacco leaves generally need to wait for about ten days, so that the tobacco leaves are self-adjusted and naturally yellow under better illumination and ventilation conditions; if the long-term overcast and rainy days are not clear, the harvesting can not be performed for a long time, the harvesting is performed in time in about 10-15 days generally, otherwise the green turning is serious and the baking is more difficult. The green-turned tobacco leaves have high moisture content, and should be baked at a high dry-bulb temperature and a low wet-bulb temperature, and the early time of fixation should be prolonged as much as possible to fully eliminate moisture. If the temperature rise is faster and higher in the early stage, the tobacco leaves which are difficult to dehydrate are easy to scald. The technical key of the flue-curing of the striking tobacco leaves is 'yellowing at high temperature, fixing color at low temperature, and coloring while yellowing'.

Example 1

And (3) conventional baking process:

the baking process of the invention comprises the following steps:

the grade of the finished product of the cured tobacco in the evaluation example is GB2635 flue-cured tobacco, and the evaluation results are shown in the following table 1:

and (3) effect comparison: the method can reduce the occurrence of green smoke, green muscle smoke, ash hanging smoke and dry smoke in the baking process of the green-turned tobacco leaves; the quality of the green-turned tobacco leaves can be effectively improved.

Claims

1. The curing method of the striking root tobacco leaves in the mature period is characterized by controlling the conditions in a curing barn according to the following steps:

(1) a preheating stage: adjusting the dry bulb temperature to be 36 ℃, the wet bulb temperature to be 34-35 ℃, and the tobacco leaf variation target is that the leaf tips turn yellow;

(3) withering stage: adjusting the dry bulb temperature to 40 ℃, the wet bulb temperature to 36-37 ℃, and the tobacco leaves are changed to be basically yellow and fully softened;

(4) and (3) a full yellow stage: adjusting the dry-bulb temperature to 42 ℃, the wet-bulb temperature to 36-37 ℃, and the tobacco leaves are changed to have yellow green ribs, withered and pointed;

(7) and (3) tendon drying stage: adjusting the dry bulb temperature to be 58-60 ℃, the wet bulb temperature to be 39-40 ℃, and the tobacco leaves are dried to be more than 1/3 in the main vein change target; raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 68 ℃, raising the temperature of the wet bulb to 40-41 ℃, completely drying the tobacco ribs, and finishing baking;

the preheating stage time is as follows: 6-8 h, and the yellowing stage time is as follows: 60-65 h, and withering period time is as follows: 18-20 h, and the time of the full yellow stage is as follows: 16-17 h, and the time for the branch vessel to turn yellow is as follows: 16-17 h, and the time of the dry leaf stage is as follows: 18-20 h, and the dry tendon stage time is as follows: 18-20 h.

2. The curing method of the striking root tobacco leaves in the mature period according to claim 1, wherein the tobacco leaves are charged after being harvested, and the charging is performed according to 80% of the normally harvested tobacco leaves.