CN116855216A - 一种高耐热聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高耐热聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高耐热聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,涉及胶粘剂技术领域。本发明聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:S1:将聚酯二元醇减压脱水,在氮气氛围中,在二月桂酸二丁基锡催化下,与甲苯二异氰酸酯反应,得到预聚体;S2:预聚体与二羟甲基丙酸、1,4‑丁二醇、改性二氧化硅反应后,在成盐剂三乙醇胺作用下中和成盐,得到聚氨酯预聚体;S3:将聚氨酯预聚体乳化过程中有机硅改性,制得聚氨酯胶粘剂。本申请制备的胶粘剂具有耐水性能优良以及耐热性能好的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及胶粘剂技术领域,具体涉及一种高耐热聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯胶粘剂是指在分子链中含有氨基甲酸酯基团(-NHCOO-)或异氰酸酯基(-NCO-)的胶粘剂。该胶粘剂能够与含有活泼氢的材料、多孔材料和表面光洁的材料形成良好的化学粘接,具有良好的耐磨、耐光洁、耐溶剂以及耐超低温性。但是通用的聚氨酯材料中含有耐热性较差的缩二脲结构(热解温度为144℃)与脲基甲酸酯结构(热解温度为146℃),导致聚氨酯胶粘剂耐热性差,在高温下易降解失去强度,使其在耐热结构领域中的应用受到一定限制。聚氨酯受热后,其分子链中的共价键在局部区域内发生复杂的振动和转动。随着温度的进一步提高,聚氨酯中的化学键断裂形成许多链自由基、挥发性小分子,或重组碳化。在分解过程结束时,材料失去所有的挥发性物质,并形成复杂不溶性物质炭,且炭在炭化温度以上不会再发生变化。聚氨酯热降解主要有以下三种方式:(1)随机断裂:聚氨酯链断裂生成伯胺、烯烃和CO2或者断裂生成仲胺和CO2;(2)链端断裂,即解聚:聚氨酯中的氨基甲酸酯在高温下解聚生成相应的异氰酸酯和醇,在异氰酸酯不发生副反应的情况下此过程可逆;(3)2次交联再分解:原始聚氨酯分子链断裂,产生小分子链段,同时部分链段也可以发生2次交联,形成次级聚合物,次级聚合物分解类似于原始聚合物,但是分解的温度在350℃以上,分解速率也不相同。聚氨酯会通过以上一种或多种组合的方式发生热降解。对于交联聚氨酯聚合物主链上化学键的断裂需要大量热能,因此,交联聚氨酯的热降解首次发生在侧链。
现有技术中,为了增加或保持聚氨酯乳液的稳定性,在聚氨酯制备过程中通常加入亲水性基团,亲水基基团的引入可以提高聚氨酯分子的亲水性及乳液的分散性,但是同时降低材料的耐水性,由于聚氨酯最后是制备成胶膜,在实际应用中遇水容易水解,会影响材料的使用寿命。为了克服这些缺陷,常用丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂对其进行改性,提高聚氨酯的交联度,提高材料的耐水性,但是对提高聚氨酯的耐湿擦性、耐沾污性和热稳定性效果并不明显。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高耐热聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,解决以下技术问题:
现有技术通过提高聚氨酯交联度提高材料耐水性,但是其耐热性能提高不明显。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种高耐热聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1:将聚酯二元醇减压脱水,调节温度至70-90℃,氮气氛围中,加入甲苯二异氰酸酯、二月桂酸二丁基锡,保温反应2.5-3h,得到预聚体;
S2:继续向预聚体中加入二羟甲基丙酸、丙酮,保温反应2-4h,继续加入1,4-丁二醇,保温反应1-2h,控制温度30-40℃,加入改性二氧化硅、三乙醇胺中和成盐,保温0.5-1h,得到聚氨酯预聚体;
S3:将聚氨酯预聚体加入去离子水中分散乳化,然后加入乙二胺,搅拌均匀,加入3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,升温减压蒸出丙酮,得到聚氨酯胶粘剂。
作为本发明的进一步方案:S1中减压脱水具体为:在100-120℃减压脱水3h。
作为本发明的进一步方案:S1中聚酯二元醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯、二月桂酸二丁基锡的质量比为100:20-50:0.05-0.2。
作为本发明的进一步方案:预聚体、二羟甲基丙酸、丙酮、1,4-丁二醇、改性二氧化硅的质量比为100:1-2:10-20:1-5:0.5-1。
作为本发明的进一步方案:S3中聚氨酯预聚体、去离子水、乙二胺、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷的质量比为100:150-200:2-10:3-6。
作为本发明的进一步方案:所述改性二氧化硅的制备方法包括如下步骤:
A1:将氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、甲苯加入反应瓶A中,加入纳米二氧化硅、三乙胺,搅拌均匀,升温至110-120℃,保温反应3-6h,离心、洗涤、干燥,得到氨基化二氧化硅;
A2:将环氧氯丙烷加入反应瓶B中,控制温度0-10℃,加入氨基化二氧化硅、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,常温搅拌反应24-36h,洗涤、干燥,得到改性二氧化硅。
作为本发明的进一步方案:A1中氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、甲苯、纳米二氧化硅、三乙胺的质量比为3-9:50-100:5:0.05-0.15。
作为本发明的进一步方案:A2中环氧氯丙烷、氨基化二氧化硅、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的质量比为0.4-1:5:30-60。
作为本发明的进一步方案:聚酯二元醇的制备方法包括如下步骤:将190g己二酸、76g 1,3-丙二醇加入反应瓶中,升温至50-55℃,1.33g对甲苯磺酸,升温至100-110℃,保温反应1-3h,降低反应体系压力到-0.1MPa,调节温度至120-140℃,反应3-6h,将产物与等质量的CHCI3溶解,并加入与产物等质量的蒸馏水摇匀后静置分层,取下层液体旋蒸除去CHCl3蒸除、干燥,得到聚酯二元醇。
本发明的有益效果:
本申请首先利用聚酯二醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯,在氮气氛围下,由二月桂酸二丁基锡催化制备预聚体,并利用预聚体与二羟甲基丙酸、1,4-丁二醇、改性二氧化硅反应,并在成盐剂三乙醇胺中和作用下成盐,制得聚氨酯预聚体;聚氨酯预聚体的制备中生成的脲基上含有氨基基团,氨基与改性二氧化硅表面的环氧基团发生反应产生羟基基团,生成的羟基基团上又能与异氰酸酯基团反应,生成交联网状结构,从而改善聚氨酯胶粘剂的耐热性能、耐水性能以及力学性能。本申请还在聚氨酯预聚体乳化过程中添加硅烷偶联剂对聚氨酯进行改性,赋予共聚物良好的耐水性、低表面能和化学稳定性。改性后的二氧化硅作为无机材料,作为多功能交联剂和增强填料添加进聚氨酯中,有效改善材料的热分解性和拉伸强度,且有机改性后的二氧化硅添加在聚氨酯中分散均匀性好,贮存稳定性优良。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
改性二氧化硅的制备方法包括如下步骤:
A1:将30g氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、500g甲苯加入反应瓶A中,加入50g纳米二氧化硅、0.5g三乙胺,搅拌均匀,升温至110℃,保温反应3h,离心、洗涤、干燥,得到氨基化二氧化硅;
A2:将0.8g环氧氯丙烷加入反应瓶B中,控制温度0℃,加入10g氨基化二氧化硅、60g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,常温搅拌反应24h,洗涤、干燥,得到改性二氧化硅。
实施例2
改性二氧化硅的制备方法包括如下步骤:
A1:将50g氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、800g甲苯加入反应瓶A中,加入50g纳米二氧化硅、1g三乙胺,搅拌均匀,升温至115℃,保温反应3h,离心、洗涤、干燥,得到氨基化二氧化硅;
A2:将1g环氧氯丙烷加入反应瓶B中,控制温度5℃,加入10g氨基化二氧化硅、100gN,N-二甲基甲酰胺,常温搅拌反应30h,洗涤、干燥,得到改性二氧化硅。
实施例3
改性二氧化硅的制备方法包括如下步骤:
A1:将90g氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、1000g甲苯加入反应瓶A中,加入50g纳米二氧化硅、1.5g三乙胺,搅拌均匀,升温至120℃,保温反应6h,离心、洗涤、干燥,得到氨基化二氧化硅;
A2:将2g环氧氯丙烷加入反应瓶B中,控制温度10℃,加入10g氨基化二氧化硅、120g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,常温搅拌反应36h,洗涤、干燥,得到改性二氧化硅。
实施例4
一种高耐热聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1:将190g己二酸、76g 1,3-丙二醇加入反应瓶中,升温至55℃,1.33g对甲苯磺酸,升温至110℃,保温反应3h,降低反应体系压力到-0.1MPa,调节温度至140℃,反应3h,将产物与等质量的CHCI3溶解,并加入与产物等质量的蒸馏水摇匀后静置分层,取下层液体旋蒸除去CHCl3蒸除、干燥,得到聚酯二元醇
S2:将100g聚酯二元醇在100℃减压脱水3h,调节温度至70℃,氮气氛围中,加入20g甲苯二异氰酸酯、0.05g二月桂酸二丁基锡,保温反应2.5-3h,得到预聚体;
S3:继续向100g预聚体中加入1g二羟甲基丙酸、10g丙酮,保温反应2h,继续加入1g1,4-丁二醇,保温反应2h,控制温度40℃,加入1g实施例1制备的改性二氧化硅、三乙醇胺中和成盐,保温1h,得到聚氨酯预聚体;
S4:将100g聚氨酯预聚体加入150-200mL去离子水中分散乳化,然后加入2-10g乙二胺,搅拌均匀,加入3-6g 3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,升温减压蒸出丙酮,得到聚氨酯胶粘剂。
实施例5
一种高耐热聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1:将190g己二酸、76g 1,3-丙二醇加入反应瓶中,升温至55℃,1.33g对甲苯磺酸,升温至110℃,保温反应3h,降低反应体系压力到-0.1MPa,调节温度至140℃,反应3h,将产物与等质量的CHCI3溶解,并加入与产物等质量的蒸馏水摇匀后静置分层,取下层液体旋蒸除去CHCl3蒸除、干燥,得到聚酯二元醇
S2:将100g聚酯二元醇在100℃减压脱水3h,调节温度至70℃,氮气氛围中,加入20g甲苯二异氰酸酯、0.05g二月桂酸二丁基锡,保温反应2.5-3h,得到预聚体;
S3:继续向100g预聚体中加入1g二羟甲基丙酸、10g丙酮,保温反应2h,继续加入1g1,4-丁二醇,保温反应2h,控制温度40℃,加入1g实施例2制备的改性二氧化硅、三乙醇胺中和成盐,保温1h,得到聚氨酯预聚体;
S4:将100g聚氨酯预聚体加入150-200mL去离子水中分散乳化,然后加入2-10g乙二胺,搅拌均匀,加入3-6g 3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,升温减压蒸出丙酮,得到聚氨酯胶粘剂。
实施例6
一种高耐热聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1:将190g己二酸、76g 1,3-丙二醇加入反应瓶中,升温至55℃,1.33g对甲苯磺酸,升温至110℃,保温反应3h,降低反应体系压力到-0.1MPa,调节温度至140℃,反应3h,将产物与等质量的CHCI3溶解,并加入与产物等质量的蒸馏水摇匀后静置分层,取下层液体旋蒸除去CHCl3蒸除、干燥,得到聚酯二元醇
S2:将100g聚酯二元醇在100℃减压脱水3h,调节温度至70℃,氮气氛围中,加入20g甲苯二异氰酸酯、0.05g二月桂酸二丁基锡,保温反应2.5-3h,得到预聚体;
S3:继续向100g预聚体中加入1g二羟甲基丙酸、10g丙酮,保温反应2h,继续加入1g1,4-丁二醇,保温反应2h,控制温度40℃,加入1g实施例3制备的改性二氧化硅、三乙醇胺中和成盐,保温1h,得到聚氨酯预聚体;
S4:将100g聚氨酯预聚体加入150-200mL去离子水中分散乳化,然后加入2-10g乙二胺,搅拌均匀,加入3-6g 3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,升温减压蒸出丙酮,得到聚氨酯胶粘剂。
对比例1
改性二氧化硅的制备方法包括如下步骤:
将30g氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、500g甲苯加入反应瓶A中,加入50g纳米二氧化硅、0.5g三乙胺,搅拌均匀,升温至110℃,保温反应3h,离心、洗涤、干燥,得到改性二氧化硅。
对比例2
与实施例4相比,仅将实施例4中使用的改性二氧化硅等量替换成对比例1制备的改性二氧化硅,其余组分和步骤完全一致。
对比例3
与实施例4相比,仅将实施例4中使用的改性二氧化硅等量替换成纳米二氧化硅,其余组分和步骤完全一致。
对比例4
一种高耐热聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1:将190g己二酸、76g 1,3-丙二醇加入反应瓶中,升温至55℃,1.33g对甲苯磺酸,升温至110℃,保温反应3h,降低反应体系压力到-0.1MPa,调节温度至140℃,反应3h,将产物与等质量的CHCI3溶解,并加入与产物等质量的蒸馏水摇匀后静置分层,取下层液体旋蒸除去CHCl3蒸除、干燥,得到聚酯二元醇
S2:将100g聚酯二元醇在100℃减压脱水3h,调节温度至70℃,氮气氛围中,加入20g甲苯二异氰酸酯、0.05g二月桂酸二丁基锡,保温反应2.5-3h,得到预聚体;
S3:继续向100g预聚体中加入1g二羟甲基丙酸、10g丙酮,保温反应2h,继续加入1g1,4-丁二醇,保温反应2h,控制温度40℃,加入1g实施例1制备的改性二氧化硅、三乙醇胺中和成盐,保温1h,得到聚氨酯预聚体;
S4:将100g聚氨酯预聚体加入150-200mL去离子水中分散乳化,升温减压蒸出丙酮,得到聚氨酯胶粘剂。
性能检测
(1)耐水性能:实施例4-6、对比例2-5制备的聚氨酯胶粘剂在四氟乙烯板上制膜,然后放在烘箱中,40℃下烘至衡重,制备厚度约为1mm的胶膜,将胶膜裁剪为4cm×4cm的小块,称其质量(W1),放入蒸馏水中浸泡24h后取出用滤纸吸干表面水分,称其质量(W2),计算胶膜的吸水率Δ(%),检测结果见表1;
Δ(%)=[(W2-W1)/W1]×100%
式中,Δ-吸水率,%;W1-样品初始重量,g;W2-样品吸水后重量,g;
(2)断裂伸长率:根据GB/T1040-1992《塑料拉伸性能实验法》进行检测,室温条件下,采用英国Instron公司的Instron 3367型试验机对胶膜进行拉伸性能检测,裁成哑铃状胶膜样品的有效长度为30mm,厚度1mm,宽度10mm,拉伸速率为50mm/min,计算断裂伸长率η(%),检测结果见表1;
η=[(L2-L1)/L1]×100%
式中,η-断裂伸长率,%;L1-样品初始长度,mm;L2-断裂时样品拉伸长度,mm;
(3)剥离强度:根据GB/T2790-1995《胶粘剂180°剥离强度实验方法挠性材料对刚性材料》进行检测,采用电子剥离机对试样进行剥离强度进行测试,试样在室温下放置一周后,将较长的试样金属片的未被粘接的一端弯曲180°,将另一片刚性试样金属片夹紧并固定在移动夹头上,将较长的试样金属片夹紧在另一固定夹头上,夹头的分离速度为100mm/min,检测结果见表1;
表1:实施例4-6、对比例2-4性能检测数据统计表
由表1可知,本申请制备的胶粘剂具有力学性能优良、耐水性好以及耐热性能优良的特点。
以上对本发明的一个实施例进行了详细说明,但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例,不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等,均应仍归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种高耐热聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1:将聚酯二元醇减压脱水,调节温度至70-90℃,氮气氛围中,加入甲苯二异氰酸酯、二月桂酸二丁基锡,保温反应2.5-3h,得到预聚体;
S2:继续向预聚体中加入二羟甲基丙酸、丙酮,保温反应2-4h,继续加入1,4-丁二醇,保温反应1-2h,控制温度30-40℃,加入改性二氧化硅、三乙醇胺中和成盐,保温0.5-1h,得到聚氨酯预聚体;
S3:将聚氨酯预聚体加入去离子水中分散乳化,然后加入乙二胺,搅拌均匀,加入3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,升温减压蒸出丙酮,得到聚氨酯胶粘剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高耐热聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,其特征在于,S1中减压脱水具体为:在100-120℃减压脱水3h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高耐热聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,其特征在于,S1中聚酯二元醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯、二月桂酸二丁基锡的质量比为100:20-50:0.05-0.2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高耐热聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,其特征在于,预聚体、二羟甲基丙酸、丙酮、1,4-丁二醇、改性二氧化硅的质量比为100:1-2:10-20:1-5:0.5-1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高耐热聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,其特征在于,S3中聚氨酯预聚体、去离子水、乙二胺、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷的质量比为100:150-200:2-10:3-6。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高耐热聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述改性二氧化硅的制备方法包括如下步骤:
A1:将氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、甲苯加入反应瓶A中,加入纳米二氧化硅、三乙胺,搅拌均匀,升温至110-120℃,保温反应3-6h,离心、洗涤、干燥,得到氨基化二氧化硅;
A2:将环氧氯丙烷加入反应瓶B中,控制温度0-10℃,加入氨基化二氧化硅、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,常温搅拌反应24-36h,洗涤、干燥,得到改性二氧化硅。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种高耐热聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,其特征在于,A1中氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、甲苯、纳米二氧化硅、三乙胺的质量比为3-9:50-100:5:0.05-0.15。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种高耐热聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,其特征在于,A2中环氧氯丙烷、氨基化二氧化硅、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的质量比为0.4-1:5:30-60。
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CN108342181A (zh) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-07-31 | 佛山市三水日邦化工有限公司 | 一种耐水耐高温的单组份水性聚氨酯胶粘剂及其制备方法 |
CN111334178A (zh) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-06-26 | 杨建伟 | 一种碳纳米管改性聚氨酯的疏水性防腐材料及其制法 |
WO2020239918A1 (de) * | 2019-05-28 | 2020-12-03 | Sika Technology Ag | Zweikomponentige zusammensetzung mit hoher festigkeit |
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WO2020239918A1 (de) * | 2019-05-28 | 2020-12-03 | Sika Technology Ag | Zweikomponentige zusammensetzung mit hoher festigkeit |
CN111334178A (zh) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-06-26 | 杨建伟 | 一种碳纳米管改性聚氨酯的疏水性防腐材料及其制法 |
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Denomination of invention: Preparation method of a high heat-resistant polyurethane adhesive Granted publication date: 20231229 Pledgee: Huizhou Mount Huangshan rural commercial bank Limited by Share Ltd. Pledgor: MEGABOND (HUANGSHAN) ADHESIVE CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2024980042129 |