CN116849167A - Fish attracting and driving method - Google Patents

Abstract

A fish attracting and repelling method utilizes an air separation system to separate oxygen-enriched gas and nitrogen from air; generating bubble water by using the oxygen-enriched gas and water by using a micro-nano bubble generation system; a pool-room fish inducing device is arranged in each fishway pool room, and the pool-room fish inducing device comprises a first bubble water pipe for injecting the bubble water into the fishway pool room; the river reach induction fish device comprises a second bubble water pipe and a nitrogen pipe, wherein the second bubble water pipe and the nitrogen pipe extend from the upstream side of a fish inlet of the fishway to the river to the bank, second bubble water holes are formed in the second bubble water pipe at intervals and are used for injecting bubble water into the downstream river, and air outlet holes are formed in the nitrogen pipe at intervals and are used for spraying nitrogen separated by the air separation system to form a water curtain barrier. Can effectively increase the dissolved oxygen in the water body near the downstream river channel, the fishway fish inlet and the fishway inside, and provide the oxygen-enriched water body for fish upstream.

Description

Fish attracting and driving method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological environment, in particular to a fish attracting and driving method, and specifically relates to a fish attracting and driving method by combining fishway along-distance oxygenation and reservoir outflow oxygenation and nitrogen enrichment.

Background

The hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering plays an important role in the aspects of clean energy production, flood control, irrigation, water supply, travel and the like, and simultaneously blocks fish migration channels, so that the water quality is also affected to a certain extent. Dissolved oxygen is a key index for evaluating water quality and is also a key environmental factor affecting fish survival. The concentration of dissolved oxygen needed by aquatic organisms is different to a certain extent, fish such as trout, salmon and schizothorax fish are favored to gather in the high-dissolved-oxygen water body environment, the solubility of dissolved oxygen needed by living is higher than 4 mg/L-15 mg/L, and benthonic animals, crabs, oysters and worms can live in the water body with the dissolved oxygen of 1 mg/L-6 mg/L.

Reservoir dams change the oxygen content of the reservoir by raising the water level and lowering the flow rate. In the reservoir water area with the flow rate near zero, air only enters the surface layer of water, so that the air is difficult to transport to the lower layer, and bacteria living at or near the bottom of the reservoir decompose organic matters to consume oxygen, so that the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the lower water body in the reservoir is lower than 2mg/L, and is obviously lower than that in the upper water body, and the phenomenon of delamination of the dissolved oxygen in the reservoir is caused vertically. When the hydropower station takes water at the lower layer of the reservoir to generate electricity, the low-dissolved oxygen water body flows to the downstream river channel through the diversion facility of the hydropower station, so that the water body of the dam-bottom river segment is in a low-dissolved oxygen state, and further the fish under the dam dies or passively avoids the dam-bottom river segment. On the other hand, the fish-attracting fish segments of the fish-passing facilities located near the outlet of the power generation tail water are also in the low-dissolved oxygen region, which is one of the reasons for the poor fish-attracting effect of the fish-passing facilities at the fish-feeding ports. In addition, the distance of the fishway of the high dam is long, the flow speed is high, the fishes continuously trace up to the consumption body energy, and a large number of fishes entering the fishway fish inlet cannot finally leave the fishway outlet and enter the upstream of the reservoir.

The improvement of fish attracting efficiency and fish passage rate of fish passing facilities is the key for improving fish passing efficiency. The current measures for improving the fish attracting efficiency of fish passing facilities comprise the steps of creating environments such as sound, light, water temperature, bubble curtain walls, electricity, baits and water flow to achieve the purposes of attracting fish, repelling fish or guiding fish, for example, patent with bulletin number of CN204385702U discloses an acousto-optic integrated fish way ecological fish guiding system, and the purpose of improving the fish effect is achieved by physical combination of sound, light and bubble curtain to induce fish to enter an envisaged area. As another example, patent publication No. CN204014772U discloses a graded culture system using acousto-optic and electric fish driving technology, which uses acousto-optic and electric fish driving equipment to combine sound, light and vibration to jointly act so as to drive or attract fish into a culture pond of the next stage. Further, as disclosed in patent application publication number CN116084354a, a water temperature and water flow regulating and controlling type bionic fishway system and regulating and controlling method thereof, utilizing reservoir region water temperature layering phenomenon, realizing gradual change of fish passage temperature by guiding water supplementing control system to solve the problem of poor fishway effect caused by large difference between fishway water temperature and river water temperature. In the aspect of improving the passage rate of the fishways, the fish-based method is mainly realized by creating a proper flow state on the fish.

However, the prior art does not consider the problems that the oxygen content of the river reach under the dam is low due to the fact that the water body with low dissolved oxygen is discharged under the dam of the reservoir, fish is not gathered under the dam, and fish attracting effect of fish passing facilities is poor. In the prior art, air is injected into the water body to form a bubble barrier rising from the bottom of a river to the surface of the water to realize physical fish blocking, but because the air has low oxygen content and is not easy to dissolve in the water, the direct injection of the air into the water body does not influence the dissolved oxygen content of the water body, and the purpose of improving the fish passing effect by improving the dissolved oxygen cannot be achieved; on the other hand, the prior art does not consider that fish is lured and guided by utilizing the preference habit of fish for dissolved oxygen.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a fish attracting and driving method, in particular to a compound fish attracting and driving method for fish way along-distance oxygenation and reservoir outflow oxygenation and nitrogen increment, and aims to solve the technical problems.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a fish attracting and driving method, wherein a fishway is arranged between a dam body and a downstream river channel, the interior of the fishway is divided into a plurality of fishway pool chambers by a fishway partition board, a water diversion power generation facility is arranged in the dam body and is used for leading a low-dissolved-oxygen water body at the bottom layer of a reservoir to the downstream river channel, the fishway leads a high-dissolved-oxygen water body at the surface layer of the reservoir to the downstream river channel, and a fishway fish inlet is formed at one side bank side of the downstream river channel; separating oxygen-enriched gas and nitrogen from air by using an air separation system; generating bubble water by using the oxygen-enriched gas and water by using a micro-nano bubble generation system; a pool-room fish inducing device is arranged in each fishway pool room, and the pool-room fish inducing device comprises a first bubble water pipe for injecting the bubble water into the fishway pool room; the river reach induction fish device comprises a second bubble water pipe and a nitrogen pipe, wherein the second bubble water pipe and the nitrogen pipe extend from the upstream side of a fish inlet of the fishway to the river to the bank, second bubble water holes are formed in the second bubble water pipe at intervals and are used for injecting bubble water into the downstream river, and air outlet holes are formed in the nitrogen pipe at intervals and are used for spraying nitrogen separated by the air separation system to form a water curtain barrier.

Preferably, the air separation system comprises an air inlet pipe, a separation device, an oxygen tank and a nitrogen tank; the air inlet pipe is connected with the separation device through a first air compressor and a first air quantity regulating valve, the oxygen tank is connected with the separation device and used for storing separated oxygen-enriched gas, and the nitrogen tank is connected with the separation device and used for storing separated nitrogen.

Preferably, the river reach induced fish device further comprises a third air compressor and a third air flow regulating valve; the nitrogen pipe with the nitrogen tank passes through the pipe connection, third air compressor, third tolerance governing valve set up on the nitrogen pipe with on the pipeline between the nitrogen tank.

Preferably, the micro-nano bubble generation system comprises a water supply device, a gas supply device, a micro-nano bubble generation device and a bubble water storage device; the air inlet end of the air supply device is connected with the oxygen tank, and the air outlet end of the air supply device is connected with the air inlet of the micro-nano bubble generating device; the water inlet end of the water supply device is connected with a water source, and the water outlet end of the water supply device is connected with the water inlet of the micro-nano bubble generating device; and an outlet of the micro-nano bubble generating device is connected with a bubble water storage device.

Preferably, the air supply device comprises an air pipe, a second air flow regulating valve and a second air compressor, one end of the air pipe is connected with the oxygen tank, the other end of the air pipe is connected with an air inlet of the micro-nano bubble generating device, and the second air flow regulating valve and the second air compressor are arranged on the air pipe; the water supply device comprises a water pipe, a first water suction pump and a first booster pump, one end of the water pipe is connected with a water source, the other end of the water pipe is connected with a water inlet of the micro-nano bubble generating device, and the first water suction pump and the first booster pump are arranged on the water pipe; the water source is water in a reservoir, a fishway pool chamber or a downstream river.

Preferably, the pond room fish inducing device further comprises a second water suction pump and a second booster pump; the first bubble water pipe is connected with the bubble water storage device through a connecting pipe, and the second water suction pump and the second booster pump are arranged on the connecting pipe; the river reach induced fish device further comprises a third water suction pump and a third booster pump, and the second bubble water pipe is connected with the bubble water storage device after passing through the third water suction pump and the third booster pump.

Preferably, a rough plate is paved on the bottom wall of the fishway chamber, and the rough plate is formed by splicing a plurality of square rough plate units; the rough plate unit comprises a bottom plate, four second protrusions are arranged at the center of the bottom plate, cross-shaped clamping grooves are formed among the four second protrusions, and the first bubble water pipe is coiled on the rough plate and is clamped in the clamping grooves; a plurality of first protrusions are annularly and uniformly distributed on the bottom plate, and the first protrusions are larger than the second protrusions; and a plurality of first bubble water holes are formed in the first bubble water pipe at intervals.

Preferably, the first protrusion is a column with a polygonal cross section, the column is fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the rough plate unit, and the edge of the outer peripheral surface of the column is provided with a rounding angle; or the first protrusion is a pagoda-shaped structure formed by stacking a plurality of cylinders with unequal outer diameters, and the cylinders are fixedly connected on the bottom plate of the rough plate unit in series through a screw 553.

Preferably, the second bubble water pipe and the nitrogen pipe are arranged on the river bed of the downstream river through the pipe seat; the lower part of the tube seat is provided with a base, and two sides of the lower part of the base extend outwards to form an extension plate which is fixedly connected to a river bed of a downstream river by bolts; a plurality of sand discharge holes are formed in the base; the upper part of the tube seat is provided with a gas tube hole and a water tube hole in parallel; the nitrogen pipe is inserted in the air pipe hole, and the second bubble water pipe is inserted in the water pipe hole.

Preferably, an air outlet groove is arranged at the top of the air pipe hole; a water outlet groove is arranged at the top of the water pipe hole; the air pipe hole is positioned on the downstream side, and the water pipe hole is positioned on the upstream side; the air outlet hole is funnel-shaped, and the aperture gradually increases towards the vertical direction of the water meter; the second bubble water hole is conical, and the aperture gradually becomes smaller towards the vertical direction of the water meter; the cross section of the air outlet groove is in an inverted trapezoid shape, and the air outlet hole is clamped in the air outlet groove; the cross section of the water outlet tank is in a positive trapezoid shape, and the second bubble water Kong Kajie is in the water outlet tank.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) According to the fish attracting and driving method provided by the invention, oxygen-enriched gas and nitrogen are separated from air by utilizing the air separation system, the oxygen-enriched gas and water are generated into bubble water by utilizing the micro-nano bubble generation system, and the formed micro-nano bubble water rich in micro-nano oxygen bubbles is injected into the fishway pool chamber and the downstream river channel, so that the dissolved oxygen in the water body near the fishway inlet and in the fishway of the downstream river channel can be effectively increased, and the oxygen-enriched water body is provided for fish tracing.

(2) In the fish attracting method provided by the invention, a low-dissolved-oxygen water area is formed in the area far away from the fishway fish inlet in the downstream river, and a high-dissolved-oxygen water area is formed near the fishway fish inlet, so that differential dissolved oxygen in the downstream river is manufactured, the habit that fishes prefer the high-dissolved-oxygen water body is utilized to induce the fishes to enter the fishway, and the fish passing efficiency of the fishway is improved.

(3) According to the fish attracting method provided by the invention, the nitrogen pipe in the river reach induced fish device extends from the upstream side of the fish inlet of the fishway to the opposite sides of the river, and the air outlet holes are arranged on the nitrogen pipe at intervals, so that nitrogen separated by the air separation system can be sprayed out to form a water curtain barrier, fish can be driven to swim towards the fish inlet of the fishway, and the fish attracting efficiency of the fish inlet of the fishway can be effectively increased.

(4) In the fish attracting method provided by the invention, the water curtain barrier is formed by utilizing the nitrogen, and compared with a conventional air bubble curtain, the nitrogen has low density and high rising speed in water; in addition, compared with air, nitrogen does not contain oxygen, the content of dissolved oxygen in water is not increased, and the fish-dispelling effect is better.

(5) In the fish attracting and driving method provided by the invention, a third air compressor and a third air flow regulating valve are arranged on a pipeline between the nitrogen pipe and the nitrogen tank, the third air compressor can regulate the air inlet pressure of the nitrogen pipe, and the third air flow regulating valve can regulate the air inlet flow of the nitrogen pipe. In addition, the second bubble water pipe is connected with the bubble water storage device after passing through the third water suction pump and the third booster pump, the flow of the second bubble water pipe can be regulated through the third water suction pump, and the third booster pump can be used for regulating pressure. Similarly, the flow and the pressure of the first bubble water pipe in the fishway pool chamber can be adjusted. Therefore, the flow and the flow rate of the nitrogen and the bubble water can be changed according to the actual fish induction effect and the dissolved oxygen value requirement by regulating and controlling the air flow regulating valve, the booster pump and the like, the dissolved oxygen content of the fishway can be controlled along the control path, and the water curtain barrier formed by the nitrogen can be regulated and controlled.

(6) In the invention, the rough plate is paved on the bottom wall of the fishway pool chamber, and is formed by splicing rough plate units with modularized structures, and the rough plates are installed and replaced. In addition, the clamping grooves with the cross shapes formed by the four second protrusions are formed in the center of the bottom plate, so that the first bubble water pipe can be clamped conveniently, and meanwhile, the roughness of the rough plate unit is increased. The annular equipartition has a plurality of first protrusions on the bottom plate, and the space that encloses is fish perches and rest the space, and the rough board can reduce fishway pond room bottom and sidewall side rivers velocity of flow, provides the little perch habitat of hiding and rest for fish.

(7) According to the invention, the first bubble water pipe is coiled on the rough plate and is clamped in the clamping groove formed by the second protrusion, the first bubble water pipe sprays bubble water through the first bubble water holes arranged at intervals, the first bubble water pipe is combined with the rough plate, the sprayed bubble water can effectively reduce the water flow velocity of a high-flow-velocity area of the fishway pool chamber, the sprayed bubble water separates a low-flow-velocity area from a high-flow-velocity area of the fishway pool chamber, fish can be prevented from entering the high-flow-velocity area, and fish is induced to trace upwards along the low-flow-velocity area.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a dissolved oxygen stratified reservoir and fishway;

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of the connection relationship between each device in the fish attracting method according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the connection relationship of each device in the fish attracting method provided by the invention;

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the fishway chamber of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a detailed plan view of a rough board unit according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a rough board unit according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a header of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a second perspective view of the header of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a typical section of a nitrogen gas pipe and a second bubbler water pipe according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram I of a typical section of a nitrogen gas pipe and a second bubbler water pipe inserted into a pipe seat according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram II of a typical section of a nitrogen gas pipe and a second bubble water pipe inserted into a pipe seat according to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a plan view of the first bubble vial of the present invention as it is coiled in the fishway chamber;

FIG. 13 is a schematic plan view of a second construction of a coarse plate unit according to the present invention;

fig. 14 is a perspective view of a second structure of the coarse plate unit in the present invention.

Reference numerals illustrate: 10. a dam body; 11. a reservoir; 12. a downstream waterway; 13. a water diversion power generation facility; 20. fishway; 21. a fishway pond chamber; 22. a fish inlet of the fishway; 23. fishway partition plates; 30. an air separation system; 31. an air inlet pipe; 32. a first air quantity adjusting valve; 33. a first air compressor; 34. a separation device; 35. an oxygen tank; 36. a nitrogen tank; 40. a micro-nano bubble generation system; 41. a water supply device; 42. a gas supply device; 43. a micro-nano bubble generating device; 44. a bubble water storage device; 411. a water pipe; 412. a first suction pump; 413. a first booster pump; 421. an air pipe; 422. a second gas amount regulating valve; 423. a second air compressor; 45. bubble water; 50. a pool chamber induction fish device; 51. a connecting pipe; 52. a second suction pump; 53. a second booster pump; 54. a first bubble water pipe; 55. a rough plate unit; 541. a first bubble water hole; 551. a bottom plate; 552. a first protrusion; 553. a screw; 5511. a connection hole; 5512. a second protrusion; 5521. a cylinder; H. a clamping groove; 60. a river reach induction fish device; 61. a tube seat; 62. a nitrogen pipe; 63. a second bubble water pipe; 64. a third suction pump; 65. a third booster pump; 66. a third air amount regulating valve; 67. a third air compressor; 611. a gas pipe hole; 612. a water pipe hole; 613. a sand discharge hole; 614. a base; 615. an extension plate; 6111. an air outlet groove; 6121. a water outlet tank; 621. an air outlet hole; 622. air bubbles; 631. a second bubble water hole; 70. dissolved oxygen meter. F. Fish; DO1, DO2, DO3, DO4 represent the dissolved oxygen content. Arrows in the figures indicate the water flow direction or fish tracing direction.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiments of the present invention are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components in a particular posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the particular posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.

Furthermore, the description of "first," "second," etc. in this disclosure is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.

Embodiment one:

as shown in fig. 1, in the fish attracting and driving method, a fishway 20 is arranged between a dam body 10 and a downstream river channel 12, the interior of the fishway 20 is divided into a plurality of fishway pool chambers 21 by a fishway partition 23, a reservoir 11 with dissolved oxygen layering is formed in front of the dam body 10, a water diversion power generation facility 13 is arranged in the dam body 10 and used for guiding low-dissolved oxygen water at the bottom layer of the reservoir 11 to the downstream river channel 12, the water diversion power generation facility 13 is of a common structure in the prior art, details are omitted, and the water diversion flow of the water diversion power generation facility 13 is Q2. The fishway 20 guides the high-dissolved oxygen water body on the surface layer of the reservoir 11 to the downstream river channel 12, and the water diversion flow of the fishway 20 is Q1; the fishway 20 forms a fishway entry 22 on one of the sides of the downstream waterway 12. The ratio of Q1 to Q2 is less than one percent; the water dissolved oxygen value in the fishway 20 is DO1, the water dissolved oxygen value in the downstream river 12 is DO2, and DO1 is larger than DO2.

Referring to fig. 2, the apparatus used in the fish lure method includes an air separation system 30 and a micro-nano bubble generation system 40; separating oxygen-enriched gas and nitrogen from air using an air separation system 30; using the micro-nano bubble generating system 40 to generate oxygen-enriched gas and water into bubble water 45; a pool induction fish device 50 is arranged in each fishway pool room 21, and the pool induction fish device 50 comprises a first bubble water pipe 54 for injecting the bubble water 45 into the fishway pool room 21; the river reach inducing fish device 60 is arranged on the river bed of the downstream river channel 12, the river reach inducing fish device 60 comprises a second bubble water pipe 63 and a nitrogen pipe 62, the second bubble water pipe 63 and the nitrogen pipe 62 extend from the upstream side of the fish entrance 22 to the river to the shore, second bubble water holes 631 are formed in the second bubble water pipe 63 at intervals and are used for injecting the bubble water 45 into the downstream river channel 12, and air outlet holes 621 are formed in the nitrogen pipe 62 at intervals and are used for spraying nitrogen separated by the air separation system 30 to form a water curtain barrier.

Specifically, the air separation system 30 includes an intake pipe 31, a separation device 34, an oxygen tank 35, and a nitrogen tank 36; the air inlet pipe 31 is connected with the separation device 34 through a first air compressor 33 and a first air quantity regulating valve 32, the oxygen tank 35 is connected with the separation device 34 for storing the separated oxygen-enriched gas, and the stored oxygen-enriched gas is used for being supplied to the micro-nano bubble generating system 40. The nitrogen tank 36 is connected to the separation device 34 for storing separated nitrogen for supply to a nitrogen pipe 62 in the river reach inducing fish device 60. In this embodiment, the separation device 34 separates air into oxygen-enriched gas and nitrogen by one of pressure swing adsorption or membrane separation, and the separation device 34 employs a molecular sieve adsorber or a gas membrane separator.

In this embodiment, the river reach inducing fish device 60 further includes a third air compressor 67 and a third air amount adjusting valve 66; the nitrogen pipe 62 is connected with the nitrogen tank 36 through a pipeline, and the third air compressor 67 and the third air flow regulating valve 66 are arranged on the pipeline between the nitrogen pipe 62 and the nitrogen tank 36. The third air compressor 67 may adjust the intake pressure of the nitrogen pipe 62, and the third air amount adjusting valve 66 may adjust the intake flow rate of the nitrogen pipe 62.

As shown in fig. 2, the micro-nano bubble generating system 40 includes a water supply device 41, a gas supply device 42, a micro-nano bubble generating device 43, and a bubble water storage device 44; an air inlet end of the air supply device 42 is connected with the oxygen tank 35, and an air outlet end is connected with an air inlet of the micro-nano bubble generating device 43; the water inlet end of the water supply device 41 is connected with a water source, and the water outlet end is connected with the water inlet of the micro-nano bubble generating device 43; the outlet of the micro-nano bubble generating device 43 is connected with a bubble water storage device 44. The micro-nano bubble generating means 43 generates bubbles which are easily soluble in water and have diameters between several tens micrometers to several hundreds nanometers, and forms bubble water 45, and the bubble water 45 is stored in the bubble water storing means 44.

As shown in fig. 2, the air supply device 42 includes an air pipe 421, a second air flow regulating valve 422 and a second air compressor 423, one end of the air pipe 421 is connected to the oxygen tank 35, the other end is connected to the air inlet of the micro-nano bubble generating device 43, and the second air flow regulating valve 422 and the second air compressor 423 are installed on the air pipe 421; the water supply device 41 comprises a water pipe 411, a first water suction pump 412 and a first booster pump 413, wherein one end of the water pipe 411 is connected with a water source, the other end of the water pipe 411 is connected with a water inlet of the micro-nano bubble generating device 43, and the first water suction pump 412 and the first booster pump 413 are arranged on the water pipe 411; the water source is water in the reservoir 11, fishway chamber 21, or downstream waterway 12. The second air compressor 423 is used to adjust the intake air amount and the intake air pressure into the micro-nano bubble generating device 43 by using the second air amount adjusting valve 422. The inflow amount and the inflow pressure into the micro-nano bubble generating device 43 are adjusted by using the first suction pump 412 and the first booster pump 413.

As shown in fig. 2, the cell-induced fish apparatus 50 further includes a second suction pump 52 and a second booster pump 53; the first bubble water pipe 54 is connected with the bubble water storage device 44 through a connecting pipe 51, and the second water suction pump 52 and the second booster pump 53 are arranged on the connecting pipe 51; the inflow water flow rate and the inflow water pressure in the first bubble water pipe 54 can be adjusted by the second suction pump 52 and the second booster pump 53. The river reach inducing fish device 60 further comprises a third water suction pump 64 and a third booster pump 65, and the second bubble water pipe 63 is connected with the bubble water storage device 44 after passing through the third water suction pump 64 and the third booster pump 65. The inflow water flow rate and the inflow water pressure in the second bubble water pipe 63 can be adjusted by the third suction pump 64 and the third booster pump 65.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, a rough board is laid on the bottom wall of the fishway chamber 21, and the rough board is formed by splicing a plurality of square rough board units 55; the rough board unit 55 comprises a bottom board 551, four second protrusions 5512 are arranged at the center of the bottom board 551, a cross-shaped clamping groove H is formed among the four second protrusions 5512, and the first bubble water pipe 54 is coiled on the rough board and is clamped in the clamping groove H; a plurality of first protrusions 552 are annularly and uniformly distributed on the bottom plate 551, and the first protrusions 552 are larger than the second protrusions 5512; a plurality of first bubble water holes 541 are formed in the first bubble water pipe 54 at intervals, wherein the aperture of the first bubble water holes 541 is smaller than 0.5cm, and the pitch of the holes is smaller than 1cm. The space surrounded by the first protrusion 552 is a fish perching space. The clamping grooves H formed by the four second protrusions 5512 serve to fix the first bubble water tube 54.

Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the first protrusion 552 may be a pagoda-shaped structure formed by stacking a plurality of cylinders 5521 with unequal outer diameters, wherein a connection hole 5511 is formed on the bottom plate 551, and the cylinders 5521 are fixedly connected in series to the connection hole 5511 of the bottom plate 551 through screws 553. The height of the first protrusion 552 is greater than the height of the second protrusion 5512, while being required to be greater than the fish body height, and the height of the first protrusion 552 can be adjusted by stacking a plurality of cylinders 5521. The first protrusion 552 can withstand water flow, and the space created by the bottom plate 551 is a fish habitat with low flow rate and various flow states; the number and height of the cylinders 5521 in the first projection 552 can be adjusted as desired.

As shown in fig. 4 and 12, the fishway separator 23 is in the form of long and short separators and is arranged in a staggered manner. Thus forming a high flow rate zone and a slow flow zone within the fishway chamber 21. The boundary between the high flow rate region and the slow flow region is shown as a dotted line in the figure. The first bubble water pipe 54 is coiled in the high flow rate area, and separates the high flow rate area and the low flow rate area in the fishway pond chamber 21 by the bubble water sprayed by the first bubble water pipe 54.

As shown in fig. 7 to 11 in combination with fig. 3, the second bubble-water pipe 63 and the nitrogen pipe 62 are installed on the bed of the downstream river 12 through the pipe seat 61; the lower part of the tube seat 61 is provided with a base 614, and two sides of the lower part of the base 614 extend outwards to form an extension plate 615 which is fixedly connected on the river bed of the downstream river 12 through bolt connection; the base 614 is provided with a plurality of sand discharge holes 613 for facilitating sand discharge and preventing sediment from being deposited on the upstream side of the tube seat 61; the nitrogen pipe 62 may be disposed in connection with the entire river of the fishway entry 22 and the second bubble water pipe 63 may be disposed only in the water area adjacent to the fishway entry 22. The water body dissolved oxygen value DO4 of the water area close to the fishway fish inlet 22 is larger than the dissolved oxygen value DO5 of the water area far away from the fishway fish inlet 22, and the fish F is induced to gather in the high dissolved oxygen area, namely the fishway fish inlet 22.

The upper part of the tube seat 61 is provided with a gas tube hole 611 and a water tube hole 612 in parallel; the nitrogen pipe 62 is inserted into the air pipe hole 611, and the second bubble water pipe 63 is inserted into the water pipe hole 612. Further, an air outlet groove 6111 is arranged at the top of the air pipe hole 611; a water outlet groove 6121 is arranged at the top of the water pipe hole 612; the air pipe hole 611 is located on the downstream side, and the water pipe hole 612 is located on the upstream side; as shown in fig. 10, by disposing the water pipe hole 612 on the upstream side, after the bubble water 45 is ejected from the second bubble water pipe 63, the bubble water 45 is easily dispersed by the water curtain barrier when flowing in the water flow direction and the nitrogen gas water curtain barrier, and the dissolution efficiency of the bubble water 45 is provided.

Referring to fig. 9 and 10, the air outlet hole 621 is funnel-shaped, and the aperture gradually increases toward the vertical direction of the water meter; the second bubble water hole 631 is conical, and the diameter of the hole gradually decreases toward the vertical direction of the water meter. The second bubble water holes 631 are conical, which is beneficial to improving the spraying speed so as to improve the dissolution effect. The air outlet holes 621 are funnel-shaped, so that the sprayed nitrogen can be dispersed, a water curtain barrier can be formed conveniently, and the number of the air outlet holes 621 can be reduced. Specifically, the aperture of the air outlet hole 621 on the nitrogen pipe 62 is less than 1cm, and the hole pitch is less than 5cm; the second bubble water holes 631 have a hole diameter of less than 1cm and a hole pitch of less than 50cm.

In this embodiment, the cross section of the air outlet slot 6111 is in an inverted trapezoid, and the air outlet hole 621 is clamped in the air outlet slot 6111, so as to limit the rotation of the nitrogen pipe 62; the cross section of the water outlet tank 6121 is in a regular trapezoid, and the second bubble water hole 631 is clamped in the water outlet tank 6121 and is used for limiting the second bubble water pipe 63 to rotate.

As shown in fig. 3, dissolved oxygen meters 70 are distributed in the fishway 20 and the downstream river 12, so that dissolved oxygen values at different positions can be measured in real time. The dissolved oxygen solubility of the river reach near the fishway pool chamber 21 and the fishway inlet 22 is controlled to be more than 4mg/L and is higher than the dissolved oxygen of the water discharged by the water diversion power generation facility 13. The air pressure is changed by controlling the third air compressor 67 according to the dissolved oxygen value, the air delivery amount is changed by controlling the first air delivery amount adjusting valve 32, and the bubble water output amount and speed are changed by controlling the respective booster pumps.

Embodiment two:

based on the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 13 and 14, the second embodiment provides another structure of the rough board unit 55, which is composed of a bottom board 551, four first protrusions 552 and four second protrusions 5512; the plurality of rough plate units 55 are assembled and paved on the bottom wall of the fishway chamber 21 and the side walls of the fishway chamber 21; a plurality of rough plate units 55 are fixed at the bottom of the fishway chamber 21 and on the side walls of the fishway chamber 21 in a bolt connection manner; the second protrusion 5512 is disposed around the center of the base plate; the first protrusions 552 are uniformly arranged on four sides of the bottom plate 551, the first protrusions 552 are columns with polygonal cross sections, the columns are fixedly connected to the bottom plate 551 of the rough plate unit 55, and the edges of the outer peripheral surfaces of the columns are provided with rounded corners. The design of the rounding ensures that the surface is smooth and can not cause damage to the fish body. The height of the first protrusion 552 is greater than that of the second protrusion 5512, the first protrusion 552 can resist water flow, and the combination of the first protrusion 552 and the second protrusion 5512 can create a space with low flow velocity and multiple flow patterns in the bottom plate 551 for fish habitat.

The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather, the equivalent structural changes made by the description of the present invention and the accompanying drawings or the direct/indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A fish attracting and driving method is characterized in that a fishway (20) is arranged between a dam body (10) and a downstream river channel (12), the interior of the fishway (20) is divided into a plurality of fishway pond chambers (21) through fishway partition boards (23), a water diversion power generation facility (13) is arranged in the dam body (10) and used for leading low-dissolved-oxygen water at the bottom layer of a reservoir (11) to the downstream river channel (12), the fishway (20) leads high-dissolved-oxygen water at the surface layer of the reservoir (11) to the downstream river channel (12), and a fishway fish inlet (22) is formed on one bank side of the downstream river channel (12) by the fishway (20), and the fish attracting and driving method is characterized in that:

separating oxygen-enriched gas and nitrogen from air using an air separation system (30);

generating bubble water from the oxygen-enriched gas and water by using a micro-nano bubble generation system (40);

a pool room induction fish device (50) is arranged in each fishway pool room (21), and the pool room induction fish device (50) comprises a first bubble water pipe (54) for injecting the bubble water into the fishway pool room (21);

the river reach induction fish device (60) is arranged on a river bed of a downstream river channel (12), the river reach induction fish device (60) comprises a second bubble water pipe (63) and a nitrogen pipe (62), the second bubble water pipe (63) and the nitrogen pipe (62) are arranged in an extending mode from the upstream side of a fishway fish inlet (22) to the river bank, second bubble water holes (631) are formed in the second bubble water pipe (63) at intervals and are used for injecting bubble water into the downstream river channel (12), and air outlet holes (621) are formed in the nitrogen pipe (62) at intervals and are used for spraying nitrogen separated by the air separation system (30) to form a water curtain barrier.

2. A method of attracting fish as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the air separation system (30) comprises an air inlet pipe (31), a separation device (34), an oxygen tank (35) and a nitrogen tank (36); the air inlet pipe (31) is connected with the separation device (34) through a first air compressor (33) and a first air quantity regulating valve (32), the oxygen tank (35) is connected with the separation device (34) and used for storing separated oxygen-enriched gas, and the nitrogen tank (36) is connected with the separation device (34) and used for storing separated nitrogen.

3. A method of attracting fish as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the river reach induction fish device (60) further comprises a third air compressor (67) and a third air flow regulating valve (66); the nitrogen pipe (62) is connected with the nitrogen tank (36) through a pipeline, and the third air compressor (67) and the third air flow regulating valve (66) are arranged on the pipeline between the nitrogen pipe (62) and the nitrogen tank (36).

4. A method of attracting fish as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the micro-nano bubble generation system (40) comprises a water supply device (41), a gas supply device (42), a micro-nano bubble generation device (43) and a bubble water storage device (44);

the air inlet end of the air supply device (42) is connected with the oxygen tank (35), and the air outlet end is connected with the air inlet of the micro-nano bubble generating device (43);

the water inlet end of the water supply device (41) is connected with a water source, and the water outlet end is connected with the water inlet of the micro-nano bubble generating device (43);

the outlet of the micro-nano bubble generating device (43) is connected with a bubble water storage device (44).

5. A method of attracting fish as set forth in claim 4 wherein:

the air supply device (42) comprises an air pipe (421), a second air flow regulating valve (422) and a second air compressor (423), one end of the air pipe (421) is connected with the oxygen tank (35), the other end of the air pipe is connected with an air inlet of the micro-nano bubble generating device (43), and the second air flow regulating valve (422) and the second air compressor (423) are arranged on the air pipe (421);

the water supply device (41) comprises a water pipe (411), a first water suction pump (412) and a first booster pump (413), one end of the water pipe (411) is connected with a water source, the other end of the water pipe is connected with a water inlet of the micro-nano bubble generation device (43), and the first water suction pump (412) and the first booster pump (413) are arranged on the water pipe (411);

the water source is water in a reservoir (11), a fishway chamber (21) or a downstream river (12).

6. A method of attracting fish as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the pond room induction fish device (50) further comprises a second water suction pump (52) and a second booster pump (53); the first bubble water pipe (54) is connected with the bubble water storage device (44) through a connecting pipe (51), and the second water suction pump (52) and the second booster pump (53) are arranged on the connecting pipe (51);

the river reach induction fish device (60) further comprises a third water suction pump (64) and a third booster pump (65), and the second bubble water pipe (63) is connected with the bubble water storage device (44) after passing through the third water suction pump (64) and the third booster pump (65).

7. A method of attracting fish as set forth in claim 1 wherein: a rough plate is paved on the bottom wall of the fishway pool chamber (21) and is formed by splicing a plurality of square rough plate units (55); the rough plate unit (55) comprises a bottom plate (551), four second protrusions (5512) are arranged at the center of the bottom plate (551), cross-shaped clamping grooves are formed among the four second protrusions (5512), and the first bubble water pipe (54) is coiled on the rough plate and clamped in the clamping grooves; a plurality of first protrusions (552) are annularly and uniformly distributed on the bottom plate (551), and the first protrusions (552) are larger than the second protrusions (5512); a plurality of first bubble water holes (541) are formed in the first bubble water pipe (54) at intervals.

8. A method of attracting fish as set forth in claim 7 wherein: the first protrusion (552) is a column with a polygonal cross section, the column is fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the rough plate unit (55), and the edge of the outer peripheral surface of the column is provided with a rounding angle;

or the first protrusion (552) is a pagoda-shaped structure formed by stacking a plurality of cylinders (5521) with unequal outer diameters, and the cylinders (5521) are fixedly connected on the bottom plate of the rough plate unit (55) in series through a screw 553.

9. A method of attracting fish as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the second bubble water pipe (63) and the nitrogen pipe (62) are arranged on the river bed of the downstream river (12) through the pipe seat (61);

the lower part of the tube seat (61) is provided with a base (614), and two sides of the lower part of the base (614) outwards extend to form an extension plate (615) which is fixedly connected on a river bed of a downstream river channel (12) through bolt connection; a plurality of sand discharging holes (613) are arranged on the base (614);

the upper part of the tube seat (61) is provided with a gas tube hole (611) and a water tube hole (612) in parallel; the nitrogen pipe (62) is inserted into the air pipe hole (611), and the second bubble water pipe (63) is inserted into the water pipe hole (612).

10. A method of attracting fish as set forth in claim 9 wherein: an air outlet groove (6111) is arranged at the top of the air pipe hole (611); a water outlet groove (6121) is arranged at the top of the water pipe hole (612); the air pipe hole (611) is positioned on the downstream side, and the water pipe hole (612) is positioned on the upstream side;

the air outlet hole (621) is funnel-shaped, and the aperture gradually increases towards the vertical direction of the water meter;

the second bubble water hole (631) is conical, and the aperture gradually decreases towards the vertical direction of the water meter;

the cross section of the air outlet groove (6111) is in an inverted trapezoid shape, and the air outlet hole (621) is clamped in the air outlet groove (6111); the cross section of the water outlet groove (6121) is in a positive trapezoid, and the second bubble water hole (631) is clamped in the water outlet groove (6121).