CN116839505A - On-orbit real-time detection method and system for primary mirror of spliced space optical telescope - Google Patents
On-orbit real-time detection method and system for primary mirror of spliced space optical telescope Download PDFInfo
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- CN116839505A CN116839505A CN202311111824.1A CN202311111824A CN116839505A CN 116839505 A CN116839505 A CN 116839505A CN 202311111824 A CN202311111824 A CN 202311111824A CN 116839505 A CN116839505 A CN 116839505A
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005305 interferometry Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001093 holography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/2441—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures using interferometry
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of detection of a spliced primary mirror in an ultra-large caliber space telescope, in particular to an on-orbit real-time detection method and system for the spliced primary mirror of a spliced space optical telescope.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detection of spliced primary mirrors in ultra-large caliber space telescopes, in particular to an on-orbit real-time detection method and system for a spliced space optical telescope primary mirror.
Background
In order to observe more distant, lower brightness objects, the caliber of the telescope needs to be increased. Currently, most of the ultra-large aperture astronomical telescopes are reflective systems using a tiled primary mirror as shown in fig. 1. The incident light ray 6 irradiates the spliced main mirror 1 to be reflected, passes through the first pupil 3 positioned in the center of the main mirror after being reflected again by the first secondary mirror 2, is received by the focal plane sensor 5 after being modulated by the optical element 4, and completes the imaging process of the target. As shown in fig. 2, the structure of the spliced main mirror is that a plurality of first sub mirrors 11 with smaller apertures are used for splicing, and the central light transmission area is a second pupil 12. The telescope primary mirror with larger caliber can be obtained by using the splicing method, and the problems of high manufacturing, processing, transporting, transmitting cost and difficulty of a large-caliber single mirror are avoided.
When the space telescope is subjected to external disturbance such as stress and heat, the shape of the primary mirror can be changed. In order to ensure imaging quality, the primary mirror shape needs to be detected. In the existing space telescope on-orbit detection method, as shown in fig. 1, a shack-Hartmann sensor is placed at a focal plane sensor 5, and the shape of a light spot received by the sensor is combined with various algorithms to calculate the shape of the surface of the spliced primary mirror 1.
In the existing space telescope on-orbit detection method, as shown in fig. 1, a shack-Hartmann sensor is placed at a focal plane sensor 5, and the shape of the surface of the spliced primary mirror 1 is calculated through the shape of a light spot received by the sensor. The result obtained by calculation of the method not only comprises the surface shape change of the spliced main mirror 1, but also covers the influence caused by the first secondary mirror 2, the optical element 4 and part of stray light, so that certain error exists in the calculation result. On the other hand, the shack-Hartmann detection method has smaller coverage range, the shape of the main mirror can be calculated through traversing and calculating a large number of characteristic points, full-caliber detection can not be carried out on the main mirror at one time, the calculation time is longer, and the timeliness of the detection result is difficult to ensure under the conditions that external disturbance is frequent and the change speed of the shape of the main mirror is faster.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an on-orbit real-time detection method and system for a primary mirror of a spliced space optical telescope.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an on-orbit real-time detection method for a primary mirror of a spliced spatial optical telescope, including:
the method comprises the steps that a detection component is placed in a curvature center area of a spliced main mirror to be detected, the detection component comprises an interferometer and a calculation holographic compensator, and the calculation holographic compensator is used for modulating spherical waves sent out by the interferometer into waves matched with the ideal main mirror surface shape and taking the waves as reference waves to carry out interference measurement on the spliced main mirror to be detected;
and the light rays emitted by the interferometer irradiate the spliced main mirror to be detected after passing through the calculation holographic compensator, and return to the interferometer along an original light path after being reflected by the mirror surface of the spliced main mirror to be detected, so that a full-caliber interference pattern of the ideal main mirror surface shape and the actual surface shape is obtained, and the full-caliber interference pattern is used for reflecting the deviation between the actual surface shape of the spliced main mirror to be detected and the ideal main mirror surface shape, and the full-caliber surface shape detection of the spliced main mirror to be detected is completed based on the full-caliber interference pattern.
In a second aspect, the in-orbit real-time detection system for the primary mirror of the spliced space optical telescope in the embodiment of the invention comprises an interferometer, a calculation holographic compensator and a to-be-detected spliced primary mirror, wherein the interferometer and the calculation holographic compensator form a detection assembly, and the detection assembly is placed in a curvature center area of the to-be-detected spliced primary mirror;
and the light rays emitted by the interferometer irradiate the spliced main mirror to be detected after passing through the calculation holographic compensator, and return to the interferometer along an original light path after being reflected by the mirror surface of the spliced main mirror to be detected, so that a full-caliber interference pattern of the ideal main mirror surface shape and the actual surface shape is obtained, and the full-caliber interference pattern is used for reflecting the deviation between the actual surface shape of the spliced main mirror to be detected and the ideal main mirror surface shape, and the full-caliber surface shape detection of the spliced main mirror to be detected is completed based on the full-caliber interference pattern.
As an alternative, the device further comprises a first adjusting mechanism, a second adjusting mechanism and a third adjusting mechanism;
the interferometer is arranged on the first adjusting mechanism, and the first adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the position of the interferometer;
the second adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the position of the calculation holographic compensator;
the to-be-detected spliced main mirror is arranged on the third adjusting mechanism, and the third adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the position of the to-be-detected spliced main mirror.
As an alternative scheme, the to-be-detected spliced main mirror uses a plurality of sub mirrors for splicing, and a pupil is arranged in a central light transmission area of the to-be-detected spliced main mirror.
As an alternative, the interferometer employs a phase shifting interferometer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the in-orbit real-time detection method and system for the spliced space optical telescope primary mirror provided by the embodiment of the invention, the interferometer and the calculation holographic compensator form a detection assembly, the detection assembly is placed in the curvature center area of the spliced primary mirror to be detected, light rays emitted by the interferometer irradiate the spliced primary mirror to be detected after passing through the calculation holographic compensator, and return to the interferometer along an original light path after being reflected by the mirror surface of the spliced primary mirror to be detected, so that a full-caliber interference pattern of the ideal primary mirror surface shape and the actual surface shape is obtained, and the full-caliber interference pattern is used for reflecting deviation between the actual surface shape of the spliced primary mirror to be detected and the ideal primary mirror surface shape, and full-caliber surface shape detection of the spliced primary mirror to be detected is completed based on the full-caliber interference pattern. Aiming at detecting the spliced main mirror to be detected, the interference of the secondary mirror and other elements and stray light in the light path is eliminated, and the detection precision is higher. The method uses the interferometer with mature technology, so that the full-caliber detection of the surface shape of the primary mirror can be rapidly carried out when the telescope is subjected to external disturbance such as force, heat and the like in the in-orbit working process, the time for correcting the surface shape of the primary mirror is shortened, and the method is more beneficial to the application of the large-caliber telescope in complex universe environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art reflective system using tiled primary mirrors;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a tiled primary mirror in a prior art reflective system;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of an on-orbit real-time detection method for a primary mirror of a spliced space optical telescope according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an on-orbit real-time detection system for a primary mirror of a spliced space optical telescope according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a spliced primary mirror to be detected in an on-orbit real-time detection system for a spliced spatial optical telescope primary mirror according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
the optical system comprises a spliced main mirror 1, a first secondary mirror 2, a first pupil 3, an optical element 4, a focal plane sensor 5, an incident light ray 6, a first sub-mirror 11, a second pupil 12, a detection assembly 40, an interferometer 41, a calculation holographic compensator 42, a second secondary mirror 43, a spliced main mirror 44 to be detected, a sub-mirror 441, a pupil 442 and a light ray 45.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, like modules are denoted by like reference numerals. In the case of the same reference numerals, their names and functions are also the same. Therefore, a detailed description thereof will not be repeated.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 3, the embodiment of the invention provides an on-orbit real-time detection method for a primary mirror of a spliced space optical telescope, which comprises the following steps:
s101, placing a detection component in a curvature center area of the spliced main mirror to be detected, wherein the detection component comprises an interferometer and a calculation holographic compensator, and the calculation holographic compensator is used for modulating spherical waves sent by the interferometer into waveforms matched with the ideal main mirror surface shape and taking the spherical waves as reference waves to carry out interferometry on the spliced main mirror to be detected.
The principle of calculating the holographic compensator is based on the principle of holography using interference and diffraction of light, recording a specific wavefront emitted from an object in the form of interference fringes, and reproducing the wavefront at the time of recording under certain conditions. The calculation holographic method calculates the light field distribution of the target object irradiated by the light wave through a digital model of object light propagation. The calculated holographic compensator designed by the method can modulate spherical waves sent by the interferometer into waveforms matched with the ideal main mirror surface shape, and can be used as reference waves for interferometry of spliced main mirrors to be detected.
S102, light rays emitted by the interferometer irradiate the spliced main mirror to be detected after passing through the calculation holographic compensator, the light rays return to the interferometer along an original light path after being reflected by the mirror surface of the spliced main mirror to be detected, and a full-caliber interference pattern of the ideal main mirror surface shape and the actual surface shape is obtained, and is used for reflecting the deviation between the actual surface shape of the spliced main mirror to be detected and the ideal main mirror surface shape, and the full-caliber surface shape detection of the spliced main mirror to be detected is completed based on the full-caliber interference pattern.
The detection component is positioned in the curvature center area of the spliced main mirror to be detected. Light emitted from the curvature center of the reflector returns along the original light path after being reflected by the mirror surface. Therefore, the light rays emitted by the interferometer calculate the holographic compensator and then irradiate the holographic compensator on the spliced main mirror to be detected, and the light rays are reflected by the spliced main mirror to be detected and then return to the interferometer along the original light path, so that the full-caliber interference pattern of the ideal surface shape and the actual surface shape of the main mirror is rapidly obtained. The full-caliber interferogram can reflect the deviation of the actual surface shape and the ideal surface shape of the main mirror, and the full-caliber surface shape detection of the main mirror is completed.
The in-orbit real-time detection method for the spliced space optical telescope primary mirror provided by the embodiment of the invention detects the spliced primary mirror to be detected, eliminates interference of the secondary mirror and other elements and stray light in the light path, and has higher detection precision. The method uses the interferometer with mature technology, so that the full-caliber detection of the surface shape of the primary mirror can be rapidly carried out when the telescope is subjected to external disturbance such as force, heat and the like in the in-orbit working process, the time for correcting the surface shape of the primary mirror is shortened, and the method is more beneficial to the application of the large-caliber telescope in complex universe environment.
Correspondingly, as shown in fig. 4, an on-orbit real-time detection system for a spliced space optical telescope primary mirror in an embodiment of the present invention includes an interferometer 41, a calculation holographic compensator 42, and a spliced primary mirror to be detected 44, where the interferometer 41 and the calculation holographic compensator 42 form a detection assembly 40, and the detection assembly 40 is disposed in a curvature center region of the spliced primary mirror to be detected 44;
the light 45 emitted by the interferometer 41 passes through the calculation holographic compensator 42 and irradiates the to-be-detected spliced main mirror 44, and returns to the interferometer 41 along an original light path after being reflected by the mirror surface of the to-be-detected spliced main mirror 44, so as to obtain a full-caliber interferogram of the ideal main mirror surface shape and the actual surface shape, wherein the full-caliber interferogram is used for reflecting the deviation between the actual surface shape of the to-be-detected spliced main mirror 44 and the ideal main mirror surface shape, and the full-caliber surface shape detection of the to-be-detected spliced main mirror 44 is completed based on the full-caliber interferogram.
In some embodiments, to facilitate adjusting the positional relationship of the components, the system further includes a first adjustment mechanism (not shown), a second adjustment mechanism (not shown), and a third adjustment mechanism (not shown);
the interferometer 41 is mounted on the first adjusting mechanism, and the first adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the position of the interferometer 41;
the calculation holographic compensator 42 is mounted on the second adjusting mechanism for adjusting the position of the calculation holographic compensator 42;
the to-be-detected spliced main mirror 44 is mounted on the third adjusting mechanism, and the third adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the position of the to-be-detected spliced main mirror 44.
In some embodiments, the on-orbit real-time detection system of the primary mirror of the spliced space optical telescope is further provided with a secondary mirror 43, which can be flexibly selected by one of ordinary skill in the art, and is not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 5, in some embodiments, the to-be-detected stitching main mirror 44 uses a plurality of sub-mirrors 441 to stitch, the sub-mirrors 441 select a hexagonal structure with a small caliber, so that stitching is facilitated, and a pupil 442 is disposed in a central light-transmitting area of the to-be-detected stitching main mirror 44.
In some embodiments, the interferometer 41 is a phase shifting interferometer, which can be flexibly selected by one of ordinary skill in the art, and is not limited thereto.
The on-orbit real-time detection system for the spliced space optical telescope primary mirror provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises an interferometer 41, a calculation holographic compensator 42 and a spliced primary mirror to be detected 44, wherein the interferometer 41 and the calculation holographic compensator 42 form a detection assembly 40, the detection assembly 40 is placed in the curvature center area of the spliced primary mirror to be detected 44, light rays 45 emitted by the interferometer 41 irradiate the spliced primary mirror to be detected 44 after passing through the calculation holographic compensator 42, and return to the interferometer 41 along an original light path after being subjected to specular reflection of the spliced primary mirror to be detected 44, so that a full-caliber interferogram of the ideal primary mirror surface shape and the actual surface shape is obtained, and the full-caliber interferogram is used for reflecting the deviation between the actual surface shape of the spliced primary mirror to be detected 44 and the ideal primary mirror surface shape, and the full-caliber surface shape detection of the spliced primary mirror to be detected 44 is completed based on the full-caliber interferogram. The detection is carried out on the spliced main mirror 44 to be detected, the interference of the secondary mirror 43 and other elements and stray light in the optical path is eliminated, and the detection precision is high. The method uses the interferometer 41 with mature technology, so that the full-caliber detection of the primary mirror surface shape can be rapidly carried out when the telescope is subjected to external disturbance such as force, heat and the like in the in-orbit working process, the time for correcting the primary mirror surface shape is shortened, and the method is more beneficial to the application of the large-caliber telescope in a complex universe environment.
It should be appreciated that various forms of the flows shown above may be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in the present disclosure may be performed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, provided that the desired results of the technical solutions of the present disclosure are achieved, and are not limited herein.
The above embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alternatives are possible, depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An on-orbit real-time detection method for a primary mirror of a spliced space optical telescope is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the steps that a detection component is placed in a curvature center area of a spliced main mirror to be detected, the detection component comprises an interferometer and a calculation holographic compensator, and the calculation holographic compensator is used for modulating spherical waves sent out by the interferometer into waves matched with the ideal main mirror surface shape and taking the waves as reference waves to carry out interference measurement on the spliced main mirror to be detected;
and the light rays emitted by the interferometer irradiate the spliced main mirror to be detected after passing through the calculation holographic compensator, and return to the interferometer along an original light path after being reflected by the mirror surface of the spliced main mirror to be detected, so that a full-caliber interference pattern of the ideal main mirror surface shape and the actual surface shape is obtained, and the full-caliber interference pattern is used for reflecting the deviation between the actual surface shape of the spliced main mirror to be detected and the ideal main mirror surface shape, and the full-caliber surface shape detection of the spliced main mirror to be detected is completed based on the full-caliber interference pattern.
2. The on-orbit real-time detection system for the spliced space optical telescope primary mirror is characterized by comprising an interferometer, a calculation holographic compensator and a spliced primary mirror to be detected, wherein the interferometer and the calculation holographic compensator form a detection assembly, and the detection assembly is placed in a curvature center area of the spliced primary mirror to be detected;
and the light rays emitted by the interferometer irradiate the spliced main mirror to be detected after passing through the calculation holographic compensator, and return to the interferometer along an original light path after being reflected by the mirror surface of the spliced main mirror to be detected, so that a full-caliber interference pattern of the ideal main mirror surface shape and the actual surface shape is obtained, and the full-caliber interference pattern is used for reflecting the deviation between the actual surface shape of the spliced main mirror to be detected and the ideal main mirror surface shape, and the full-caliber surface shape detection of the spliced main mirror to be detected is completed based on the full-caliber interference pattern.
3. The system of claim 2, further comprising a first adjustment mechanism, a second adjustment mechanism, and a third adjustment mechanism;
the interferometer is arranged on the first adjusting mechanism, and the first adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the position of the interferometer;
the second adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the position of the calculation holographic compensator;
the to-be-detected spliced main mirror is arranged on the third adjusting mechanism, and the third adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the position of the to-be-detected spliced main mirror.
4. The system for on-orbit real-time detection of a tiled space optical telescope primary mirror according to claim 2, wherein the tiled primary mirror to be detected is tiled using a plurality of sub-mirrors, and a pupil is disposed in a central light passing area of the tiled primary mirror to be detected.
5. The system of claim 2, wherein the interferometer is a phase-shifting interferometer.
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| CN202311111824.1A CN116839505A (en) | 2023-08-31 | 2023-08-31 | On-orbit real-time detection method and system for primary mirror of spliced space optical telescope |
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| CN202311111824.1A CN116839505A (en) | 2023-08-31 | 2023-08-31 | On-orbit real-time detection method and system for primary mirror of spliced space optical telescope |
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| CN101261183A (en) * | 2008-04-15 | 2008-09-10 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Heavy caliber aspherical mirror checking system |
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| CN112504176A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-16 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Compensation interferometry device and method for optical surface shape local large error |
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| CN113820104A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-12-21 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Method for adjusting interference inspection light path of meniscus lens |
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2023
- 2023-08-31 CN CN202311111824.1A patent/CN116839505A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101261183A (en) * | 2008-04-15 | 2008-09-10 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Heavy caliber aspherical mirror checking system |
| CN110702032A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-01-17 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Alignment system and alignment method for detecting and calibrating telescope primary mirror |
| CN111536896A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-08-14 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Automatic detection device and method for laser interference surface shape detection |
| CN112504176A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-16 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Compensation interferometry device and method for optical surface shape local large error |
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