CN116825405A - Flexible variable load power generation hydrogen production system based on nuclear energy and working method - Google Patents
Flexible variable load power generation hydrogen production system based on nuclear energy and working method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical class F* 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a flexible load-changing power generation hydrogen production system based on nuclear energy and a working method thereof. The small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature stack is used as a system heat source to provide high-temperature fluorine salt; the solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production system utilizes high-temperature preheated gas to realize high-efficiency hydrogen production, and meanwhile, when large-load power generation is needed, the high-temperature preheated gas is converted into a solid oxide fuel cell power generation system, and the supercritical carbon dioxide waste heat can be utilized to cool a heating pile; the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system heats carbon dioxide by utilizing the waste heat of hydrogen production exhaust gas, realizes energy cascade utilization, improves the power generation efficiency, and simultaneously flexibly adjusts the power generation and hydrogen production proportion by utilizing the split proportion to realize flexible load change. The invention provides a high-efficiency coupling scheme for high-temperature hydrogen production and power generation by taking a small fluoride salt cooling high-temperature reactor as a heat source.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of novel multipurpose energy conversion system design, and particularly relates to a nuclear energy-based flexible variable-load power generation hydrogen production system and a working method thereof.
Background
The fluorine salt cooling high-temperature pile has the characteristics of high-temperature operation, inherent safety, compact structure and the like, can reach the high temperature of 700 ℃, and is suitable for high-temperature power generation and high-temperature processes. The supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system has the characteristics of high efficiency, good adaptability, compact structure and the like as a novel energy conversion system, and can be coupled with a fluorine salt cooling high-temperature stack to form a high-efficiency power generation system. The high-temperature hydrogen production system of the solid oxide electrolytic cell can realize high-efficiency, environment-friendly and green hydrogen production, and is the hydrogen production mode with highest efficiency and most hopeful large-scale application at present. The high-temperature hydrogen production system of the solid oxide electrolytic cell can be reversely converted into a solid oxide fuel cell power generation system.
However, the research on the four materials is relatively independent, and the solid oxide hydrogen production needs a high-temperature heat source and high-temperature gas at 700 ℃, so that the condition is difficult to achieve in a usual industrial system, and the temperature of the fluoride salt stack can reach 700 ℃, and the two are very compatible; the variable load of the small-sized fluoride salt cooling high-temperature reactor coupling supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system requires the flow and temperature regulation of the reactor side, is not beneficial to the safe and stable operation of the reactor side, and cannot realize flexible variable load. In addition, the load of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system is narrower, and the application range is smaller.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a flexible variable load power generation hydrogen production system based on nuclear energy and a working method thereof, wherein the system uses a fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor as a heat source, and simultaneously couples a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system and a solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production system; the hydrogen production system of the solid oxide electrolytic cell utilizes high-temperature fluoride salt to heat water and air, and simultaneously utilizes high-temperature exhaust gas of a galvanic pile and high-temperature carbon dioxide preheating water and air at a turbine outlet of a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system; the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system effectively utilizes medium-temperature exhaust gas to preheat carbon dioxide so as to improve the power generation efficiency of the system; in addition, the proportion of the generated energy to the hydrogen production is regulated and controlled by the opening of the flow dividing valve, so that the load-changing control of the power generation system can be realized more safely and stably, and the flexible load-changing requirement is met. Under the condition of large load, the hydrogen production system of the solid oxide electrolytic cell is reversely converted into the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system, so that the defects of insufficient load and the like of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system are overcome, and the stable operation of the coupling system under the large load is realized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a flexible load-variable power generation hydrogen production system based on nuclear energy comprises a small fluoride salt cooling high-temperature reactor, a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system, a solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production system and a solid oxide fuel cell power generation system; the high-temperature fluorine salt of the molten salt heat exchanger 2 in the small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor is used for heating high-temperature gas required by hydrogen production and heating high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide required by power generation, and the proportion of the generated energy to the hydrogen production is controlled through the flow dividing valve 14, so that reactor side control is not required when the power generation system runs under variable working conditions, stable running in a small load range can be met, and flexible load variation can be realized; the waste heat of the gas at the outlet of the solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production system is firstly used for preheating the gas entering the electric pile, the exhaust gas is used for preheating supercritical carbon dioxide, the heat of different tastes is fully utilized, the gradient utilization of energy is realized, and the overall efficiency of the system is improved; the hydrogen production system of the solid oxide electrolytic cell can be reversely converted into a power generation system of the solid oxide fuel cell, so that the whole coupling system can meet the requirement of large-load power generation, and the variable load range of the power generation system is expanded; the carbon dioxide at the turbine outlet is adopted to preheat the air, and then the electric pile of the solid oxide fuel cell is cooled, so that the electric pile is prevented from being damaged, different taste energies are fully utilized, and the efficiency is improved.
The small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor comprises a small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor core 1, a molten salt heat exchanger 2 and a diverter valve 14;
the solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production system comprises a low-temperature gas preheater 15, a flow dividing valve 16, a medium-temperature gas preheater 4, a high-temperature gas preheater 5, a galvanic pile 6, a precooler 9, a hydrogen container 13 and a converging valve 17;
the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system comprises a precooler 9, a main compressor 10, a recompressor 11, a low-temperature heat regenerator 8, a high-temperature heat regenerator 7 and molten salt-CO 2 A heat exchanger 3, a turbine 12 and a gas preheater 15;
the working medium inlet of the small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor core 1 is communicated with the working medium outlet of the molten salt heat exchanger 2, and the working medium outlet of the small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor core 1 is communicated with the working medium inlet of the molten salt heat exchanger 2; the working medium inlet on the cold side of the molten salt heat exchanger 2 is simultaneously connected with molten salt-CO 2 The hot side working medium outlet of the heat exchanger 3 is connected with the hot side working medium outlet of the high-temperature gas preheater 5, and the cold side working medium outlet of the molten salt heat exchanger 2 is simultaneously connected with molten salt-CO through a diverter valve 14 2 Hot side working medium inlet of heat exchanger 3 and hot side working of high temperature gas preheater 5The mass inlet is connected;
the cold side outlet of the medium temperature gas preheater 4 is connected with the cold side inlet of the high temperature gas preheater 5, the air side outlet of the high temperature gas preheater 5 is connected with the cathode inlet of the electric pile 6, the water vapor side outlet is connected with the anode inlet of the electric pile 6, the anode outlet and the cathode outlet of the electric pile 6 are connected with the hot side working medium inlet of the medium temperature gas preheater 4, the hydrogen side outlet of the medium temperature gas preheater 4 is connected with the hydrogen side inlet of the low temperature heat regenerator 8, the hydrogen side outlet of the low temperature heat regenerator 8 is connected with the hydrogen side inlet of the precooler 9, and the hydrogen side outlet of the precooler 9 is connected with the hydrogen container 13;
the outlet of the cold side of the low-temperature gas preheater 15 is connected with the inlet of the cold side of the medium-temperature gas preheater 4, the working medium of the cold side is water and carbon dioxide, the inlet of the hot side of the low-temperature gas preheater 15 is connected with the outlet of the turbine 12, and the outlet of the hot side of the low-temperature gas preheater 15 is connected with the inlet of the hot side of the high-temperature heat exchanger 7. The outlet air at the cold side of the low-temperature gas preheater 15 is partially led to the cold side of the medium-temperature gas preheater 4 through a flow dividing valve 16, partially led to the electric pile 6, and returned to the inlet at the cold side of the low-temperature gas preheater 15 through a converging valve 17 after exiting the electric pile 6;
the hot side working medium inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 7 is connected with the hot side outlet of the low-temperature gas preheater 15, the hot side working medium outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 7 is connected with the hot side working medium inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 8, the cold side working medium inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 7 is simultaneously connected with the cold side working medium outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 8 and the outlet of the recompression 11, and the cold side working medium outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 7 is connected with the CO-CO 2 The cold side working medium inlet of the heat exchanger 3 is connected with the molten salt-CO 2 The cold side working medium outlet of the heat exchanger 3 is connected with the inlet of the turbine 12, and the outlet of the turbine 12 is connected with the hot side inlet of the low-temperature gas preheater 15;
the cold side working medium inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 8 is connected with the outlet of the main compressor 10, the hot side working medium outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 8 is simultaneously connected with the inlet of the precooler 9 and the inlet of the recompression 11, and the outlet of the precooler 9 is connected with the inlet of the main compressor 10.
The outlet temperature of the cold side of the molten salt heat exchanger 2 is 700 ℃, and the inlet temperature of the cold side is 600 ℃; the stack 6 needs to be maintained at 700 c and the inlet gas at 700 c.
According to the working method of the nuclear energy-based flexible load-variable power generation hydrogen production system, air and water are respectively introduced into a cold side inlet of the low-temperature gas preheater 15 and heated by high-temperature carbon dioxide through an outlet of the turbine 12, then introduced into the medium-temperature gas preheater 4 and heated by high-temperature exhaust gas of the electric pile 6, then introduced into the high-temperature gas preheater 5 and heated by hot side fluoride salt to be high-temperature air and water vapor, respectively introduced into a cathode and an anode of the electric pile 6, after hydrogen production by electrolysis, an anode outlet of the electric pile 6 is high-temperature hydrogen, a cathode outlet is a mixture of high-temperature nitrogen and oxygen, the high-temperature gas is respectively introduced into a hot side of the low-temperature gas preheater 4, the inlet gas of the electric pile 6 is heated by waste heat, the mixture of the nitrogen and the oxygen at the outlet of the medium-temperature gas preheater 4 is directly discharged, the hydrogen at the outlet is introduced into the low-temperature regenerator 8 to preheat the carbon dioxide, and then introduced into the precooler 9 to be cooled and then stored in the hydrogen container 13.
The high-temperature FLiBe enters the hot side of the molten salt heat exchanger 2 from the outlet of the small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor core 1 to heat the low-temperature fliNaK, and enters the small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor core 1 from the hot side outlet of the molten salt heat exchanger 2 to circulate; the heated high-temperature FLiNaK enters the diverter valve 14 from the cold side outlet of the molten salt heat exchanger 2, the flow of the high-temperature FLiNaK entering the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system and the solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production system is changed by adjusting the opening of the diverter valve 14, the hydrogen production amount is controlled by matching with the change of water and air flow in the solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production system, the generated energy is controlled by matching with the change of carbon dioxide flow in the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system, the control on the reactor core side is not needed, the defect that the load changing capability of a small-sized fluoride salt cooling high-temperature reactor is weak can be overcome, and the system can stably operate under small load.
The supercritical carbon dioxide is boosted in the main compressor 10 and sequentially subjected to a low-temperature heat regenerator 8, a high-temperature heat regenerator 7 and molten salt-CO 2 The heat in the heat exchanger 3 is absorbed to become high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide, then the high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide enters the turbine 12 to expand and do work, the exhaust gas of the turbine 12 is split after being released in the high-temperature gas preheater 15, the high-temperature heat regenerator 7 and the low-temperature heat regenerator 8 in sequence, one stream is boosted by the recompressor 11 and then is gathered into a working medium inlet on the cold side of the high-temperature heat regenerator 7, and the other stream enters the main compressor after being cooled in the precooler 910, completing the closed cycle.
The stored hydrogen is fed into a precooler 9 and a cold side inlet of a low-temperature heat regenerator 8 to be preliminarily preheated through hot side carbon dioxide, air and water are fed into a cold side inlet of a low-temperature gas preheater 15 to be preheated through high-temperature carbon dioxide at an outlet of a turbine 12, a part of preheated air is fed into the electric pile 6 through a flow dividing valve 16 to cool the electric pile 6 which continuously releases heat due to power generation, the cooled air flows into the low-temperature gas preheater 15 through a converging valve 17, the other part of preheated air, water and hydrogen are fed into a cold side inlet of a medium-temperature gas preheater 4 to be preheated by tail gas generated by the electric pile 6, the cold side inlet of the high-temperature gas preheater 5 is then heated into high-temperature air, water vapor and hydrogen through hot side fluoride salt, the high-temperature hydrogen and the water vapor are fed into an anode of the electric pile 6, the high-temperature air is fed into a cathode of the electric pile 6 to complete power generation, and the discharged tail gas (comprising water generated by the anode and hydrogen which has not completely reacted) is fed into the medium-temperature gas preheater 4 to be preheated by the cold side air, the water and the hydrogen.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention adopts the small fluoride salt cooling high-temperature reactor as the heat source of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system, the solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production system and the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system, combines the advantages of compact structure, safety and reliability of the four systems and realizes the deep coupling of the multi-purpose multi-layer novel energy conversion system.
The invention adopts the flow dividing valve to regulate and control the proportion of the hydrogen production and the generated energy, and can realize the rapid, flexible, safe and stable load change of the power generation system on the premise of not needing the control of the pile side.
The invention utilizes the multistage preheater, fully utilizes the waste heat recovery of the tail gas of the galvanic pile, the waste heat of hydrogen production and the preheating of carbon dioxide, fully utilizes the energy of different tastes, realizes the cascade utilization of the energy and improves the overall efficiency of the system.
The invention can reversely convert the hydrogen production system of the solid oxide electrolytic cell into the power generation system of the solid oxide fuel cell, overcomes the defect of insufficient load of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system, and ensures that the whole coupling system can stably operate in a large load range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a nuclear-energy-based flexible variable load power generation hydrogen production system of the present invention.
In the figure: 1 is a small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor core, 2 is a molten salt heat exchanger, and 3 is molten salt-CO 2 The heat exchanger is characterized in that the heat exchanger is a medium-temperature gas preheater, the medium-temperature gas preheater is 5, the high-temperature gas preheater is 6, the high-temperature heat regenerator is 7, the low-temperature heat regenerator is 8, the precooler is 9, the main compressor is 10, the recompression is 11, the turbine is 12, the hydrogen container is 13, the flow dividing valve is 14, the medium-temperature gas preheater is 15, the flow dividing valve is 16, and the flow converging valve is 17.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in FIG. 1, the flexible variable load power generation hydrogen production system based on nuclear energy comprises a small fluoride salt cooling high-temperature reactor, a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system and a solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production system; the high-temperature fluorine salt of the molten salt heat exchanger 2 in the small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor is used for heating high-temperature gas required by hydrogen production and heating high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide required by power generation, and the proportion of the generated energy to the hydrogen production is controlled through the flow dividing valve 14, so that reactor side control is not required when the power generation system runs under variable working conditions, stable running in a small load range can be met, and flexible load variation is realized; the waste heat of the gas at the outlet of the solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production system is firstly used for preheating the gas entering the electric pile, the exhaust gas is used for preheating supercritical carbon dioxide, the heat of different tastes is fully utilized, and the overall efficiency of the system is improved; the hydrogen production system of the solid oxide electrolytic cell can be reversely converted into a power generation system of the solid oxide fuel cell, so that the whole coupling system can meet the requirement of large-load power generation, and the defect of insufficient load of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system is overcome; the turbine outlet carbon dioxide is adopted to preheat air, then the electric pile of the solid oxide fuel cell is cooled, the electric pile is prevented from being damaged, meanwhile, different grade energies are fully utilized, the gradient utilization of the energies is realized, and the efficiency is improved.
The small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor comprises a small partThe fluorine salt cools the high temperature reactor core 1, the molten salt heat exchanger 2 and the diverter valve 14; the solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production system comprises a low-temperature gas preheater 15, a flow dividing valve 16, a medium-temperature gas preheater 4, a high-temperature gas preheater 5, a galvanic pile 6, a precooler 9, a hydrogen container 13 and a converging valve 17; the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system comprises a precooler 9, a main compressor 10, a recompressor 11, a low-temperature heat regenerator 8, a high-temperature heat regenerator 7 and molten salt-CO 2 A heat exchanger 3, a turbine 12 and a gas preheater 15;
the specific connection relation among the components of the system is as follows: the working medium inlet of the small fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor core 1 is communicated with the working medium outlet of the molten salt heat exchanger 2, and the working medium outlet of the small fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor core 1 is communicated with the working medium inlet of the molten salt heat exchanger 2; the working medium inlet on the cold side of the molten salt heat exchanger 2 is simultaneously connected with molten salt-CO 2 The hot side working medium outlet of the heat exchanger 3 is connected with the hot side working medium outlet of the high-temperature gas preheater 5, and the cold side working medium outlet of the molten salt heat exchanger 2 is simultaneously connected with molten salt-CO through a diverter valve 14 2 The hot side working medium inlet of the heat exchanger 3 is connected with the hot side working medium inlet of the high-temperature gas preheater 5; the cold side outlet of the medium temperature gas preheater 4 is connected with the cold side inlet of the high temperature gas preheater 5, the air side outlet of the high temperature gas preheater 5 is connected with the cathode inlet of the electric pile 6, the water vapor side outlet is connected with the anode inlet of the electric pile 6, the anode outlet and the cathode outlet of the electric pile 6 are connected with the hot side working medium inlet of the medium temperature gas preheater 4, the hydrogen side outlet of the medium temperature gas preheater 4 is connected with the hydrogen side inlet of the low temperature heat regenerator 8, the hydrogen side outlet of the low temperature heat regenerator 8 is connected with the hydrogen side inlet of the precooler 9, and the hydrogen side outlet of the precooler 9 is connected with the hydrogen container 13; the outlet of the cold side of the low-temperature gas preheater 15 is connected with the inlet of the cold side of the medium-temperature gas preheater 4, the working medium of the cold side is water and carbon dioxide, the inlet of the hot side of the low-temperature gas preheater 15 is connected with the outlet of the turbine 12, and the outlet of the hot side of the low-temperature gas preheater 15 is connected with the inlet of the hot side of the high-temperature heat exchanger 7. The cold side outlet air of the low-temperature gas preheater 15 is partially led to the cold side of the medium-temperature gas preheater 4 through a flow dividing valve 16, partially led to the electric pile 6, and returned to the cold side inlet of the low-temperature gas preheater 15 through a converging valve 17 after exiting the electric pile 6. High temperature regenerator 7 hot side working medium inlet and low temperature gasThe hot side outlet of the body preheater 15 is connected, the hot side working medium outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 7 is connected with the hot side working medium inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 8, the cold side working medium inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 7 is simultaneously connected with the cold side working medium outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 8 and the outlet of the recompressor 11, and the cold side working medium outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 7 is connected with the CO-CO 2 The cold side working medium inlet of the heat exchanger 3 is connected with the molten salt-CO 2 The cold side working medium outlet of the heat exchanger 3 is connected with the inlet of the turbine 12, and the outlet of the turbine 12 is connected with the hot side inlet of the low-temperature gas preheater 15; the cold side working medium inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 8 is connected with the outlet of the main compressor 10, the hot side working medium outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 8 is simultaneously connected with the inlet of the precooler 9 and the inlet of the recompression 11, and the outlet of the precooler 9 is connected with the inlet of the main compressor 10.
The working method of the flexible variable load power generation hydrogen production system based on nuclear energy comprises the following steps: air and water are respectively introduced into a cold side inlet of the low-temperature gas preheater 15 and heated by high-temperature carbon dioxide through an outlet of the turbine 12, then introduced into the medium-temperature gas preheater 4 and heated by high-temperature exhaust gas of the electric pile 6, then introduced into the high-temperature gas preheater 5 and heated by hot side fluorine salt to be high-temperature air and water vapor, respectively introduced into a cathode and an anode of the electric pile 6, after hydrogen production by electrolysis, the outlet of the anode of the electric pile 6 is high-temperature hydrogen, the outlet of the cathode is a mixture of high-temperature nitrogen and oxygen, the high-temperature gas is respectively introduced into the hot side of the low-temperature gas preheater 4 and heated by waste heat to heat the gas at the inlet of the electric pile 6, the mixture of the nitrogen and the oxygen at the outlet of the medium-temperature gas preheater 4 is directly discharged, the hydrogen at the outlet is introduced into the low-temperature heat regenerator 8 to preheat the carbon dioxide, and then introduced into the hydrogen container 13 for storage after entering the precooler 9 for cooling.
The stored hydrogen is fed into a precooler 9 and a cold side inlet of a low-temperature heat regenerator 8 to be preliminarily preheated through hot side carbon dioxide, air and water are fed into a cold side inlet of a low-temperature gas preheater 15 to be preheated through high-temperature carbon dioxide at an outlet of a turbine 12, a part of preheated air is fed into the electric pile 6 through a flow dividing valve 16 to cool the electric pile 6 which continuously releases heat due to power generation, the cooled air flows into the low-temperature gas preheater 15 through a converging valve 17, the other part of preheated air, water and hydrogen are fed into a cold side inlet of a medium-temperature gas preheater 4 to be preheated by tail gas generated by the electric pile 6, the cold side inlet of the high-temperature gas preheater 5 is then heated into high-temperature air, water vapor and hydrogen through hot side fluoride salt, the high-temperature hydrogen and the water vapor are fed into an anode of the electric pile 6, the high-temperature air is fed into a cathode of the electric pile 6 to complete power generation, and the discharged tail gas (comprising water generated by the anode and hydrogen which has not completely reacted) is fed into the medium-temperature gas preheater 4 to be preheated by the cold side air, the water and the hydrogen.
The high-temperature FLiBe enters the hot side of the molten salt heat exchanger 2 from the outlet of the small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor core 1 to heat the low-temperature fliNaK, and enters the small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor core 1 from the hot side outlet of the molten salt heat exchanger 2 to circulate; the heated high-temperature FLiNaK enters the diverter valve 14 from the cold side outlet of the molten salt heat exchanger 2, the flow of the high-temperature FLiNaK entering the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system and the solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production system is changed by adjusting the opening of the diverter valve 14, the hydrogen production amount is controlled by matching with the change of water and air flow in the solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production system, the generated energy is controlled by matching with the change of carbon dioxide flow in the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system, the control on the reactor core side is not needed, the defect that the load changing capability of a small-sized fluoride salt cooling high-temperature reactor is weak can be overcome, and the system can stably operate under small load.
The supercritical carbon dioxide is boosted in the main compressor 10 and sequentially subjected to a low-temperature heat regenerator 8, a high-temperature heat regenerator 7 and molten salt-CO 2 The heat in the heat exchanger 3 is absorbed to become high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide, then the high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide enters the turbine 12 to expand and do work, the exhaust gas of the turbine 12 is split after being released in the low-temperature gas preheater 15, the high-temperature heat regenerator 7 and the low-temperature heat regenerator 8 in sequence, one stream is boosted by the recompressor 11 and then is gathered into a working medium inlet on the cold side of the high-temperature heat regenerator 7, and the other stream enters the main compressor 10 after being cooled in the precooler 9, so that the closed cycle is completed.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outlet temperature of the cold side of the molten salt heat exchanger 2 is 700 ℃, and the inlet temperature of the cold side is 600 ℃; the stack 6 needs to be maintained at 700 c and the inlet gas at 700 c. The temperature of molten salt should be kept between 600 and 800 ℃ and lower than 1400 ℃ of boiling point when the fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor operates, so that the probability of broken accidents of a molten salt loop can be greatly reduced. The higher the heat source temperature is generally for a solid oxide electrolyzer hydrogen production system and a supercritical carbon dioxide system, the higher the efficiency is. Taking heat exchange loss into consideration, selecting the outlet temperature of the cold side of the molten salt heat exchanger 2 to be 700 ℃; the stack 6 inlet gas was maintained at 700 ℃. Since the molten salt solidifies below 460 c, the cold side inlet temperature of 600 c is selected to ensure that the molten salt deviates from the melting point.
The invention takes a small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor as a system heat source to provide 700 ℃ high-temperature fluorine salt; the solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production system utilizes 700 ℃ high-temperature preheated gas to realize high-efficiency hydrogen production, and can be converted into a solid oxide fuel cell power generation system when large-load power generation is needed, and can utilize supercritical carbon dioxide waste heat to cool a heating pile after being converted into the power generation system; the supercritical carbon dioxide system heats carbon dioxide by utilizing the waste heat of hydrogen production exhaust gas, realizes energy cascade utilization, improves the power generation efficiency, and can flexibly adjust the power generation and hydrogen production proportion by utilizing the split proportion to realize flexible load change. The invention provides a high-efficiency coupling scheme of high-temperature hydrogen production and power generation by taking a small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor as a heat source, which is beneficial to promoting the development of novel energy conversion systems in China.
Claims (3)
1. The flexible variable load power generation hydrogen production system based on nuclear energy is characterized by comprising a small fluoride salt cooling high-temperature reactor, a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system, a solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production system and a solid oxide fuel cell power generation system; the high-temperature fluorine salt of the molten salt heat exchanger (2) in the small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor is used for heating high-temperature gas required by hydrogen production and is also used for heating high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide required by power generation, and the proportion of the generated energy to the hydrogen production is controlled through the flow dividing valve (14), so that reactor side control is not required when the power generation system runs under variable working conditions, stable running in a small load range can be met, and flexible load variation can be realized; the waste heat of the gas at the outlet of the solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production system is firstly used for preheating the gas entering the electric pile, the exhaust gas is used for preheating supercritical carbon dioxide, the heat of different tastes is fully utilized, the gradient utilization of energy is realized, and the overall efficiency of the system is improved; the hydrogen production system of the solid oxide electrolytic cell can be reversely converted into a power generation system of the solid oxide fuel cell, so that the whole coupling system can meet the requirement of large-load power generation, and the variable load range of the power generation system is expanded; the carbon dioxide at the turbine outlet is adopted to preheat the air, and then the electric pile of the solid oxide fuel cell is cooled to prevent the electric pile from being damaged, and meanwhile, different taste energies are fully utilized to improve the efficiency;
the small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor comprises a small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor core (1), a molten salt heat exchanger (2) and a diverter valve (14);
the solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production system comprises a low-temperature gas preheater (15), a flow dividing valve (16), a medium-temperature gas preheater (4), a high-temperature gas preheater (5), a galvanic pile (6), a precooler (9), a hydrogen container (13) and a flow converging valve (17);
the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system comprises a precooler (9), a main compressor (10), a recompression (11), a low-temperature heat regenerator (8), a high-temperature heat regenerator (7) and molten salt-CO 2 A heat exchanger (3), a turbine (12) and a low-temperature gas preheater (15);
the working medium inlet of the small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor core (1) is communicated with the working medium outlet on the hot side of the molten salt heat exchanger (2), and the working medium outlet of the small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor core (1) is communicated with the working medium inlet on the hot side of the molten salt heat exchanger (2); the cold side working medium inlet of the molten salt heat exchanger (2) is simultaneously connected with molten salt-CO 2 The hot side working medium outlet of the heat exchanger (3) and the hot side working medium outlet of the high-temperature gas preheater (5) are connected, and the cold side working medium outlet of the molten salt heat exchanger (2) is simultaneously connected with molten salt-CO through a diverter valve (14) 2 The hot side working medium inlet of the heat exchanger (3) and the hot side working medium inlet of the high-temperature gas preheater (5) are connected;
the cold side outlet of the medium temperature gas preheater (4) is connected with the cold side inlet of the high temperature gas preheater (5), the air side outlet of the high temperature gas preheater (5) is connected with the cathode inlet of the electric pile (6), the water vapor side outlet is connected with the anode inlet of the electric pile (6), the anode outlet and the cathode outlet of the electric pile (6) are connected with the hot side working medium inlet of the medium temperature gas preheater (4), the hydrogen side outlet of the medium temperature gas preheater (4) is connected with the hydrogen side inlet of the low temperature heat regenerator (8), the hydrogen side outlet of the low temperature heat regenerator (8) is connected with the hydrogen side inlet of the precooler (9), and the hydrogen side outlet of the precooler (9) is connected with the hydrogen container (13);
the cold side outlet of the low-temperature gas preheater (15) is connected with the cold side inlet of the medium-temperature gas preheater (4), the cold side working medium is water and carbon dioxide, the hot side inlet of the low-temperature gas preheater (15) is connected with the outlet of the turbine (12), and the hot side outlet of the low-temperature gas preheater (15) is connected with the hot side inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger (7). The outlet air at the cold side of the low-temperature gas preheater (15) is partially led to the cold side of the medium-temperature gas preheater (4) through a flow dividing valve (16), and partially led to the electric pile (6), and returns to the inlet at the cold side of the low-temperature gas preheater (15) through a flow converging valve (17) after exiting from the electric pile (6);
the hot side working medium inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator (7) is connected with the hot side outlet of the low-temperature gas preheater (15), the hot side working medium outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator (7) is connected with the hot side working medium inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (8), the cold side working medium inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator (7) is simultaneously connected with the cold side working medium outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (8) and the outlet of the recompression machine (11), and the cold side working medium outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator (7) is connected with the CO (carbon monoxide) 2 The cold side working medium inlet of the heat exchanger (3) is connected with the molten salt-CO 2 The cold side working medium outlet of the heat exchanger (3) is connected with the inlet of the turbine (12), and the outlet of the turbine (12) is connected with the hot side inlet of the gas preheater (15);
the cold side working medium inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (8) is connected with the outlet of the main compressor (10), the hot side working medium outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (8) is simultaneously connected with the inlet of the precooler (9) and the inlet of the recompression (11), and the outlet of the precooler (9) is connected with the inlet of the main compressor (10).
2. The nuclear power-based flexible variable load power generation hydrogen production system of claim 1, wherein: the outlet temperature of the cold side of the molten salt heat exchanger (2) is 700 ℃, and the inlet temperature of the cold side is 600 ℃; the stack (6) needs to be maintained at 700 ℃ and the inlet gas at 700 ℃.
3. The method for operating a nuclear power-based flexible variable load power generation hydrogen production system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the air and water are respectively introduced into a cold side inlet of the low-temperature gas preheater (15) and heated by high-temperature carbon dioxide through an outlet of a turbine (12), then introduced into the medium-temperature gas preheater (4) and heated by high-temperature exhaust gas of a galvanic pile (6), then introduced into the high-temperature gas preheater (5) and heated by hot side fluorine salt to be high-temperature air and water vapor, respectively introduced into a cathode and an anode of the galvanic pile (6), after hydrogen production by electrolysis, an anode outlet of the galvanic pile (6) is high-temperature hydrogen, a cathode outlet is a mixture of high-temperature nitrogen and oxygen, and then introduced into a hot side of the low-temperature gas preheater (4) to heat the inlet gas of the galvanic pile (6) by waste heat, the nitrogen and oxygen mixture at the outlet of the medium-temperature gas preheater (4) is directly discharged, the hydrogen at the outlet is introduced into the low-temperature heat regenerator (8) to preheat the carbon dioxide, and then introduced into the precooler (9) to be cooled and then introduced into the hydrogen container (13) for storage;
the stored hydrogen is fed into a precooler (9) and a cold side inlet of a low-temperature heat regenerator (8) to be preheated through hot side carbon dioxide, air and water are fed into a cold side inlet of a low-temperature gas preheater (15) to be preheated through a turbine (12) outlet high-temperature carbon dioxide, a part of preheated air is fed into a galvanic pile (6) through a diverter valve (16) to cool the galvanic pile (6) which continuously releases heat due to power generation, the cooled air flows into the low-temperature gas preheater (15) through a converging valve (17), the other part of preheated air, water and hydrogen are fed into a cold side inlet of a middle-temperature gas preheater (4) to be preheated by tail gas generated by the galvanic pile (6), the cold side inlet of the high-temperature gas preheater (5) is heated into high-temperature air, water vapor and hydrogen through hot side fluorine salt, the high-temperature hydrogen and the water vapor are fed into an anode of the galvanic pile (6), the high-temperature air is fed into a cathode of the galvanic pile (6) to complete power generation, and the discharged tail gas comprises water generated by the anode and the hydrogen which is not completely reacted into the middle-temperature gas preheater (4) to be preheated by the cold side air and the hydrogen;
the high-temperature FLiBe enters the hot side of the molten salt heat exchanger (2) from the outlet of the small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor core (1) to heat the low-temperature FLiNaK, and the low-temperature FLiBe enters the small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor core (1) from the hot side outlet of the molten salt heat exchanger (2) to circulate; the heated high-temperature FLiNaK enters a flow dividing valve (14) from a cold side outlet of a molten salt heat exchanger (2), the flow of the high-temperature FLiNaK entering a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system and a solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production system is changed by adjusting the opening of the flow dividing valve (14), the hydrogen production amount is controlled by matching with the change of water and air flow in the solid oxide electrolytic cell hydrogen production system, the generated energy is controlled by matching with the change of carbon dioxide flow in the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system, the control of a reactor core side is not needed, the defect that the load changing capability of a small-sized fluoride salt cooling high-temperature reactor is weak can be overcome, the system can stably operate under small load, and flexible load changing is realized;
the supercritical carbon dioxide is boosted in a main compressor (10) and sequentially arranged in a low-temperature heat regenerator (8), a high-temperature heat regenerator (7) and molten salt-CO 2 The heat in the heat exchanger (3) is absorbed to become high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide, then the high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide enters the turbine (12) to expand and do work, the exhaust gas of the turbine (12) is sequentially split after being released in the low-temperature gas preheater (15), the high-temperature heat regenerator (7) and the low-temperature heat regenerator (8), one stream of the exhaust gas is boosted by the recompressor (11) and then is converged into a working medium inlet on the cold side of the high-temperature heat regenerator (7), and the other stream of the exhaust gas enters the main compressor (10) after being cooled in the precooler (9) to complete the closed cycle.
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