CN107630726B - Multi-energy hybrid power generation system and method based on supercritical carbon dioxide circulation - Google Patents
Multi-energy hybrid power generation system and method based on supercritical carbon dioxide circulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107630726B CN107630726B CN201710880939.5A CN201710880939A CN107630726B CN 107630726 B CN107630726 B CN 107630726B CN 201710880939 A CN201710880939 A CN 201710880939A CN 107630726 B CN107630726 B CN 107630726B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-energy hybrid power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide circulation, which comprises: the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop consists of a compressor, a low-temperature heat regenerator, a geothermal energy heater, a high-temperature heat regenerator, a solar energy heater, a boiler, a turbine, a generator, a precooler and a cooler; the geothermal injection and production loop is composed of an injection pump, an injection well, a production well and a geothermal energy heat exchanger; the solar heat conversion loop consists of a circulating pump, a solar concentrating and collecting system, a heat storage device heat exchanger, a heat storage device, a three-way switching valve, a solar heat compensator, a lithium bromide absorption refrigerator, a cooler and a cooling tower. The invention also provides a multi-energy hybrid power generation method based on supercritical carbon dioxide circulation. The system combines multiple energy sources, complements high-temperature and low-temperature heat sources, and realizes multi-energy hybrid power generation through supercritical carbon dioxide circulation; not only can the comprehensive utilization rate of energy be improved, but also the system is simple, the structure is compact, the operation is flexible, and the cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multi-energy hybrid power generation system and method based on supercritical carbon dioxide circulation, and belongs to the technical field of new energy.
Background
The world is experiencing an energy revolution, the traditional energy pattern based on conventional fossil fuels is being transformed into a diversified energy supply mode, and renewable energy is gradually becoming the energy dominant.
The geothermal energy is very huge in the world and our country, wherein the dry hot rock (> 150 ℃) accounts for more than 99%, and the dry hot rock reserves in China are equivalent to 4400 times of the total energy consumption in 2010 of China according to the 2% exploitation amount. The recent Qinghai province and the common basin find that the dry rock can be utilized on a large scale at the temperature of more than 200 ℃, and the exploitation amount is 3 times of the total energy consumption in 2016 years of China. The dry-hot rock power generation technology is not limited by seasons and climates, and the power generation cost is only half of that of wind power generation and is one tenth of that of solar power generation. However, the geothermal energy is low-grade heat energy, and if it is used for power generation, the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is only about 10% according to the current state of the art. Solar energy is inexhaustible green energy, solar thermal power generation is one of the main modes of solar energy utilization, and the technology development is very rapid in recent years. However, solar thermal power stations operating in a simple solar mode have many problems, particularly, solar energy is intermittent, investment and power generation costs of a solar thermal power generation system are high, and a heat storage technology is not mature enough. Therefore, the solar energy and other energy comprehensive complementary utilization mode not only can effectively solve the problem of unstable solar energy utilization, but also can utilize the advantages of other power generation technologies. The geothermal energy and solar energy mixed power generation is a practical technical approach, because the solar energy resources of the region with rich geothermal energy are also very rich, which is an important geographic advantage. However, these two energy sources alone do not fully meet the power supply requirements: on the one hand, as basic load energy, the capacity is smaller, and the stability is not high enough; on the other hand, as peak shaving load, the peak shaving capacity is not good enough. Therefore, a reliable conventional heat source (such as a boiler) needs to be supplemented, so that the conventional energy source is organically combined with geothermal energy and solar energy heat to form multi-energy complementation.
The heat source is integrated, and a power circulation system is also required to be used as a basic framework. In recent years, supercritical carbon dioxide recycling has become a hotspot and is considered to have a number of potential advantages. The critical point of carbon dioxide is 31 ℃/7.4MPa, and the state when the temperature and the pressure exceed the critical point is the supercritical state. The research of supercritical carbon dioxide cycle starts in forty of the last century, and staged research results are obtained in the sixth and seventies, and then is stopped mainly due to the immature manufacturing technology of turbomachinery and compact heat exchangers until the beginning of the century, and the research of supercritical carbon dioxide cycle is reevaluated in the united states and is focused by other countries in the world. Because carbon dioxide has stable chemical property, high density, no toxicity and low cost, the circulating system is simple, the structure is compact, the efficiency is high, the air cooling can be realized, and the supercritical carbon dioxide can be combined with various heat sources to form a power generation system, the supercritical carbon dioxide circulating system is considered to have good application prospects in the fields of thermal power generation, nuclear power generation, solar thermal power generation, waste heat power generation, geothermal power generation, biomass power generation and the like.
The supercritical carbon dioxide circulation can integrate geothermal energy, solar energy and conventional boiler thermal energy to the greatest extent, so that the comprehensive utilization rate of energy sources can be improved, and the system is simple, compact in structure and flexible in operation, and is very suitable for areas with abundant geothermal energy and solar energy but lacking in water sources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: how to integrate various energy forms, including renewable and non-renewable energy, into supercritical carbon dioxide circulation to form a novel power generation system, exert the advantage that the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation can be coupled with various energy, realize multi-energy complementation, improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy and reduce equipment investment.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is to provide a multi-energy hybrid power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide circulation, which is characterized in that: the system consists of a supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop, a geothermal injection and production loop and a solar heat conversion loop;
the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop comprises a compressor, wherein an outlet of the compressor is respectively connected with a high-pressure side inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator and a carbon dioxide working medium side inlet of the geothermal energy heater, the high-pressure side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator is connected with a carbon dioxide working medium side outlet of the geothermal energy heater, the high-pressure side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator is connected with a carbon dioxide working medium side inlet of the solar energy heater, the carbon dioxide working medium side outlet of the solar energy heater is connected with a boiler inlet, the boiler outlet is connected with a turbine air inlet, and the compressor, the turbine and the generator are coaxially connected; the turbine exhaust port is connected with a low-pressure side inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator, a low-pressure side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator is connected with a low-pressure side inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator, a low-pressure side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator is connected with a precooler inlet, a precooler outlet is connected with a cooler working medium inlet, and a cooler working medium outlet is connected with a compressor inlet;
the geothermal injection and production loop comprises an injection well and a production well which penetrate deep underground, wherein an outlet of the injection pump is connected with the injection well, an outlet of the production well is connected with an inlet of a geothermal heat carrying medium side of the geothermal heat exchanger, an outlet of the geothermal heat carrying medium side of the geothermal heat exchanger is connected with an inlet of the injection pump, an inlet and an outlet of an intermediate heat transfer medium side of the geothermal heat exchanger are respectively connected with an outlet of the intermediate heat transfer medium side of the geothermal heat heater and an inlet of the intermediate heat transfer medium side of the solar heat compensator, and an outlet of the intermediate heat transfer medium side of the solar heat compensator is connected with an inlet of the intermediate heat transfer medium side of the geothermal heat heater;
the solar heat conversion loop comprises a solar concentrating and heat collecting system, a circulating pump outlet is connected with an inlet of the solar concentrating and heat collecting system and a first port of a three-way switching valve, a second port of the three-way switching valve is connected with one end of a heat storage device heat exchanger, an outlet of the solar concentrating and heat collecting system is connected with the other end of the heat storage device heat exchanger and an inlet of a heat transfer medium side of the solar heater, and the heat storage device heat exchanger is connected with a heat storage device; the outlet of the solar heater heat transfer medium side is connected with the inlet of the solar heat-supplementing device heat transfer medium side, the outlet of the solar heat-supplementing device heat transfer medium side is connected with the heat source inlet of the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator, the heat source outlet of the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator is connected with the circulating pump inlet and the third port of the three-way switching valve, and the cool water inlet and the cool water outlet of the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator are respectively connected with the cool water outlet and the cool water inlet of the cooler.
Preferably, the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop further comprises a first bypass valve for bypassing the solar heater, wherein an inlet and an outlet of the first bypass valve are respectively connected with the inlet and the outlet of the solar heater; when no solar energy can be provided, the solar heater is bypassed, and the carbon dioxide working medium directly enters the boiler.
Preferably, the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop further comprises a second bypass valve for bypassing the boiler, wherein an inlet and an outlet of the second bypass valve are respectively connected with the inlet and the outlet of the boiler; when the solar energy is sufficient, the boiler is not required to supplement heat, the boiler is bypassed, and the carbon dioxide working medium directly enters the turbine.
Preferably, the boiler is connected with an air preheater, and the air preheater is an air-cooled preheater or a water-cooled preheater; recovering the heat of the discharged smoke through an air preheater for heating new air; because the carbon dioxide working medium at the inlet of the boiler has higher temperature, the temperature of the exhaust gas of the boiler is higher, and the heat of the exhaust gas is recovered by the air preheater for heating new air, and the working temperature of the air preheater is higher than that of the conventional air preheater of the boiler.
Preferably, the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator is connected with a cooling tower.
Preferably, the temperature of the carbon dioxide working medium at the inlet of the compressor is not more than 35 ℃, and the temperature fluctuation is not more than +/-1.5 ℃; the temperature of the carbon dioxide working medium at the turbine inlet is not lower than 400 ℃, and the pressure is not lower than 18MPa; the rated output power of the generator is more than 10 MWe; the temperature of the heat carrying medium output by the production well is more than 100 ℃.
Preferably, the solar concentrating and heat collecting system is a tower type, groove type or Fresnel type solar heat system, the working temperature is not lower than 300 ℃, and the adopted heat transfer medium is heat conduction oil, molten salt or other applicable medium; the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator is a double-effect refrigerator.
Preferably, the intermediate heat transfer medium between the geothermal energy heater and the geothermal energy heat exchanger is water; the heat carrying medium of the geothermal energy injection and production loop is water or supercritical carbon dioxide.
Preferably, the boiler is a coal-fired, gas-fired, fuel-fired or biomass direct-fired boiler, and the boiler is provided with desulfurization and denitrification devices and other necessary environmental protection facilities.
The invention also provides a multi-energy hybrid power generation method based on supercritical carbon dioxide circulation, which is characterized in that: the multi-energy hybrid power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide circulation comprises the following steps:
the cold carbon dioxide working medium enters a compressor, and the pressure and the temperature are increased; the carbon dioxide working medium at the outlet of the compressor is divided into two paths: one path absorbs low temperature Duan Reliang of the turbine discharged working medium through a low temperature heat regenerator, and the other path absorbs heat of geothermal energy and part of low temperature solar energy through a geothermal energy heater; then the two paths are converged and enter a high-temperature heat regenerator to absorb heat of a high-temperature section of a working medium discharged by a turbine, the working medium discharged by the high-temperature heat regenerator absorbs heat of high-temperature solar energy through a solar heater, and then the working medium directly enters the turbine or enters the turbine to apply work after the heat is supplemented by a boiler so as to push a generator and a compressor to work; the working medium discharged by the turbine sequentially passes through a high-temperature heat regenerator and a low-temperature heat regenerator to release part of heat, and finally passes through a precooler and a cooler to be cooled and then returns to the compressor to finish supercritical carbon dioxide cycle power generation;
the geothermal energy collection is divided into an injection and extraction loop and an intermediate heat transfer loop, which are connected through a geothermal energy heat exchanger and separate a heat carrying medium from the intermediate heat transfer medium; the injection pump is used for introducing a heat carrying medium into the injection well, outputting the heat carrying medium carrying geothermal energy from the production well, transferring the geothermal energy to an intermediate heat transfer medium through a geothermal energy heat exchanger, heating the intermediate heat transfer medium through a solar heat-supplementing device, and finally, transferring the heat to a carbon dioxide working medium after entering the geothermal energy heater;
when enough sunlight irradiates, the solar concentrating and heat collecting system absorbs sunlight radiation heat, the three-way switching valve is switched to the inlet of the circulating pump to be communicated with the heat storage device heat exchanger, the heat transfer medium absorbs heat from the solar concentrating and heat collecting system under the driving of the circulating pump, one part of the heated heat transfer medium transfers heat to the heat storage device through the heat storage device heat exchanger, and the other part of the heated heat transfer medium is sequentially transferred to the solar heater and the solar heat compensator; when the illumination is strong, the air temperature is relatively high, and a heat transfer medium output by the solar heat-supplementing device is used for driving the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator to work, so that cold energy is generated, and the carbon dioxide working medium is cooled by the cooler;
after the day, the three-way switching valve is switched to the outlet of the circulating pump to be communicated with the heat exchanger of the heat storage device, and the heat transfer medium does not enter the solar concentrating and heat collecting system, and the heat storage device transfers the stored heat to the heat transfer medium through the heat exchanger of the heat storage device and then sends the heat to the heat utilization equipment.
Preferably, the carbon dioxide working medium from the solar heater is used for determining whether to enter the boiler for heat supplement according to the requirement, and if not, the boiler is bypassed.
Preferably, when the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop generates electricity under rated load, the geothermal injection and extraction loop keeps stable geothermal collection amount, and the heat supply amount of the solar heat conversion loop fluctuates along with day and night changes or weather changes; with the change of the thermal power of the solar heater, the boiler adjusts the thermal power, so that the total thermal power is kept stable: when no solar heat is available, the solar heat conversion circuit is not operated, bypassing the solar heater.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, multiple energy sources are combined, high-temperature and low-temperature heat sources are complementary, multi-energy hybrid power generation is realized through supercritical carbon dioxide circulation, and the high efficiency advantage of supercritical carbon dioxide circulation is utilized, so that the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy sources can be remarkably improved.
2. The invention is very suitable for areas with abundant geothermal energy, and the solar energy resources in the areas are also often abundant, thereby being beneficial to more fully developing and utilizing the geothermal energy and the solar energy.
3. The invention has the advantages that a plurality of energy sources share one circulating system, and the equipment investment cost is relatively low.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-energy hybrid power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide circulation according to the present embodiment;
wherein: the system comprises a 1-compressor, a 2-low temperature heat regenerator, a 3-geothermal energy heater, a 4-high temperature heat regenerator, a 5-solar energy heater, a 6-first bypass valve, a 7-second bypass valve, an 8-boiler, a 9-air preheater, a 10-turbine, an 11-generator, a 12-precooler, a 13-injection pump, a 14-injection well, a 15-production well, a 16-geothermal energy heat exchanger, a 17-circulating pump, an 18-solar concentrating and heat collecting system, a 19-heat storage device heat exchanger, a 20-heat storage device, a 21-three-way switching valve, a 22-solar heat supplementing device, a 23-lithium bromide absorption refrigerator, a 24-cooler and a 25-cooling tower.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-energy hybrid power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide circulation provided in this embodiment, where the multi-energy hybrid power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide circulation is composed of the following components:
the compressor 1 is used for compressing carbon dioxide working media and improving pressure;
the low-temperature heat regenerator 2 is provided with a high-pressure side inlet, a high-pressure side outlet, a low-pressure side inlet and a low-pressure side outlet, one path of high-pressure carbon dioxide working medium at the outlet of the compressor 1 enters the low-temperature heat regenerator 2 through the high-pressure side inlet and is output to the high-temperature heat regenerator 4 through the high-pressure side outlet, meanwhile, the high-pressure carbon dioxide working medium is heated in the low-temperature heat regenerator 2 by the low-pressure carbon dioxide working medium discharged from the low-pressure side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 4 entering through the low-pressure side inlet, and the low-pressure carbon dioxide working medium after heat release is output to the precooler 12 through the low-pressure side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 2;
the geothermal energy heater 3 heats the other path of high-pressure carbon dioxide working medium at the outlet of the compressor 1 through a heat transfer medium, and outputs the heated high-pressure carbon dioxide working medium to the high-temperature regenerator 4, and the heat transfer medium is connected with the geothermal energy heater 3, the solar heat-supplementing device 22 and the geothermal energy heat exchanger 16 through a circulation loop;
the high-temperature heat regenerator 4 is provided with a high-pressure side inlet, a high-pressure side outlet, a low-pressure side inlet and a low-pressure side outlet, the high-pressure carbon dioxide working medium enters the high-temperature heat regenerator 4 through the high-pressure side inlet and is output to the solar heater 5 through the high-pressure side outlet, meanwhile, the high-pressure carbon dioxide working medium is heated in the high-temperature heat regenerator 4 by the low-pressure carbon dioxide working medium discharged by the turbine 10 and entering through the low-pressure side inlet, and the low-pressure carbon dioxide working medium after heat release is output to the low-temperature heat regenerator 2 through the low-pressure side outlet;
the solar heater 5 heats one path of high-pressure carbon dioxide working medium at the high-pressure side outlet of the high-temperature regenerative heater 4 through a heat transfer medium, and the high-pressure carbon dioxide working medium enters the boiler 8 to be further heated to increase the temperature after being heated, and the heat transfer medium is connected with the solar heater 5, the solar concentrating and heat collecting system 18 and the heat storage device heat exchanger 19 through a circulation loop;
a first bypass valve 6 for bypassing the solar heater 5;
a second bypass valve 7 for bypassing the boiler 8;
the boiler 8 is used for heating the carbon dioxide working medium from the solar heater 5 and outputting the heated carbon dioxide working medium to the turbine 10;
an air preheater 9 for preheating fresh air entering the boiler 8 by means of exhaust gas from the boiler 8;
the turbine 10 is coaxial with the compressor 1 and the generator 11, shaft work is transmitted to the compressor 1 and the generator 11, and carbon dioxide working medium after working is input into the high-temperature regenerator 4 through a low-pressure side inlet;
a generator 11 for converting a part of shaft work of the turbine 10 into electric energy;
the precooler 12 is used for cooling the carbon dioxide working medium at the outlet of the low-pressure side of the low-temperature regenerative heater 2;
an injection pump 13 for pressurizing a heat-carrying medium for geothermal production and then inputting the pressurized heat-carrying medium into an injection well 14;
an injection well 14 for the cryogenic heat carrying medium to enter the passage of the geothermal source;
production well 15, high Wen Xiere medium output passage from geothermal source;
a geothermal energy heat exchanger 16 for transferring heat of the heat-carrying medium to an intermediate heat transfer medium;
a circulation pump 17 for driving a heat transfer medium to flow, absorbing heat from the solar concentrating and heat collecting system 18 by the heat transfer medium, and transferring the heat to the heat storage device heat exchanger 19, the solar heater 5, the solar heat compensator 22, and the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator 23;
a solar concentrating and heat collecting system 18 for absorbing solar radiation energy and converting it into heat energy;
a heat storage device heat exchanger 19 for transferring solar heat to the heat storage device 20;
a heat storage device 20 for storing solar heat;
a three-way switching valve 21 for switching the flow of the heat transfer medium through the heat storage device heat exchanger 19 or through the solar concentrating and heat collecting system 18;
a solar heat compensator 22 for heating the intermediate heat transfer medium from the geothermal energy heat exchanger 16;
a lithium bromide absorption refrigerator 23 for generating cold energy, which is outputted to a cooler 24 by a refrigerant, and the generated heat is discharged from a cooling tower 25;
a cooler 24 for cooling the carbon dioxide working medium from the precooler 12 and then entering the compressor 1;
and a cooling tower 25 for releasing heat discharged from the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator to the environment.
The devices of the system are connected through pipelines, and valves, fluid machines and meters can be arranged on the pipelines according to the control requirement of the system. Other parts of the system are auxiliary facilities, an electric system, an instrument control system and the like, and facilities for meeting the requirements of safety and environmental protection.
The compressor 1, the low-temperature heat regenerator 2, the geothermal energy heater 3, the high-temperature heat regenerator 4, the solar energy heater 5, the first bypass valve 6, the second bypass valve 7, the boiler 8, the air preheater 9 of the boiler 8, the turbine 10, the generator 11, the precooler 12 and the cooler 24 form a supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop.
The injection pump 13, the injection well 14, the production well 15, and the geothermal energy heat exchanger 16 constitute a geothermal injection and production loop.
The circulation pump 17, the solar concentrating and heat collecting system 18, the heat storage device heat exchanger 19, the heat storage device 20, the three-way switching valve 21, the solar heat compensator 22, the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator 23, the cooler 24 and the cooling tower 25 form a solar heat conversion loop.
The supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop is connected with the geothermal energy injection and production loop through a geothermal energy heater 3 and a connecting pipeline.
The supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop is connected with the solar heat conversion loop through the solar heater 5, the cooler 24 and the connecting pipeline.
The solar heat conversion circuit is connected with the geothermal energy injection and extraction circuit through a solar heat compensator 22 and a connecting pipeline.
The working method of the multi-energy hybrid power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide circulation is as follows:
when the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop generates power under rated load, the geothermal injection and production loop keeps stable geothermal collection amount, the heat supply amount of the solar heat conversion loop fluctuates along with day and night changes or weather changes, and the boiler 8 adjusts the heat power along with the change of the heat power of the solar heater 5, so that the total heat power is kept stable. Under such rated conditions, the injection pump 13 inputs the cold heat-carrying medium to the geothermal source through the injection well 14, the hot heat-carrying medium is produced from the production well 15 and then enters the geothermal heat exchanger 16, and the geothermal heat exchanger 16 transfers the geothermal energy to the geothermal heater 3 after the geothermal energy is supplemented by the solar thermal compensator 22 through the intermediate heat transfer medium. When enough sunlight irradiates, the solar concentrating and heat collecting system 18 absorbs sunlight radiation heat, the three-way switching valve 21 is switched to the inlet of the circulating pump 17 to be communicated with the heat storage device heat exchanger 19, the heat transfer medium absorbs heat from the solar concentrating and heat collecting system 18 under the driving of the circulating pump 17, one part of the heated heat transfer medium transfers heat to the heat storage device 20 through the heat storage device heat exchanger 19, the other part of the heated heat transfer medium transfers heat to the solar heater 5 and the solar heat-supplementing device 22, and because the temperature can be higher when the irradiation is strong, the heat transfer medium output by the solar heat-supplementing device 22 drives the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator 23 to work to generate cold energy, the carbon dioxide working medium is cooled through the cooler 24, and the generated heat is released to the environment from the cooling tower 25. After sunset, the three-way switching valve 21 is switched to the outlet of the circulating pump 17 to be communicated with the heat storage device heat exchanger 19, and the heat transfer medium does not enter the solar concentrating and heat collecting system 18, the heat storage device 20 transfers the stored heat to the heat transfer medium through the heat storage device heat exchanger 19, and then the heat transfer medium is sent to the solar heater 5 and the solar heat compensator 22, and whether the heat transfer medium is input into the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator 23 is determined according to the requirement. When no solar heat is available, the solar heat conversion circuit is not operated, bypassing the solar heater 5 through the first bypass valve 6. In the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop, the compressor 1 pressurizes a cold carbon dioxide working medium to high pressure, then the cold carbon dioxide working medium is divided into two paths, one path is led to the low-temperature heat regenerator 2 to absorb heat, the other path is led to the geothermal energy heater 3 to absorb heat, then the two paths are converged to enter the high-temperature heat regenerator 4 to absorb heat, then the two paths are led to the solar energy heater 5 to absorb heat, then whether the heat enters the boiler 8 to supplement heat is determined according to the requirement, if not required, the boiler 8 is bypassed through the second bypass valve 7, the thermal power of the boiler 8 is regulated according to the thermal power of the solar energy heater 5, the heat discharged by the boiler 8 is recycled by the air preheater 9, the high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide working medium discharged from the second bypass valve 7 or the boiler 8 enters the turbine 10 to perform expansion work, the compressor 1 and the generator 11 are pushed to work, the temperature and the pressure of the carbon dioxide working medium discharged by the turbine 10 are reduced, the carbon dioxide working medium sequentially enters the low-pressure side of the high-temperature heat regenerator 4 and the low-pressure side of the low-temperature heat regenerator 2, the carbon dioxide working medium returned to the high-pressure side is cooled, and finally enters the precooler 12 and the cooler 24 to be cooled, and finally the compressor 1 is returned to the compressor 1 to complete supercritical carbon dioxide circulation power generation.
Under the rated working condition, assuming that the inlet temperature of the compressor 1 is 30 ℃, the inlet temperature of the turbine 10 is 550 ℃, the inlet pressure of the turbine 10 is 20MPa, the exhaust pressure of the turbine 10 is 7.5MPa, the isentropic efficiency of the turbine 10 is 90%, the isentropic efficiency of the compressor 1 is 85%, the minimum temperature difference between the low-temperature heat regenerator 2 and the high-temperature heat regenerator 4 is 10 ℃, and the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation efficiency is calculated to be about 38% after various losses of circulation are considered. Assuming that the geothermal energy thermal power is 30MW and the temperature is about 180 ℃; the solar thermal power is 60MW (not used for refrigeration), and the temperature is about 500 ℃; the thermal power of the boiler 8 is 40MW; the system power generation is about 49.4MWe. If geothermal energy, solar energy and boiler thermal energy are generated independently by adopting a conventional power generation mode, optimistic estimation is carried out: the total power generation power is about 45MWe when the geothermal energy power generation efficiency is 10%, the solar power generation efficiency is 40% and the boiler thermal energy power generation efficiency is 45%. In this case, the power generation amount of the multi-energy hybrid power generation system based on the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle is increased by 9.8% as compared with the conventional power generation system, and the power generation amount increase rate is increased as the solar thermal power is increased. Assuming no solar energy, the thermal power of geothermal energy heater 3 remains at 30MW; the thermal power of the boiler 8 is 100MW; the system power generation is still about 49.4MWe. Correspondingly, the geothermal energy and the boiler thermal energy are respectively independent power generation power of about 48MWe by adopting a conventional power generation mode. In this case, the power generation amount of the multi-energy hybrid power generation system based on the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle is increased by 2.9% compared with the conventional power generation system.
When the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop generates electricity under partial load, the method can be realized by reducing the geothermal energy collection amount of the production well 15, the solar thermal collection amount of the solar concentrating and heat collecting system 18 and the thermal power of the boiler 8. The solar energy has the intermittent problem, the geothermal energy does not have the similar problem, the thermal power of the geothermal energy can account for more than 20% of the total thermal power, the power generation system has better capability of providing basic load after being matched with a boiler, the thermal power of the geothermal energy can be adjusted at will between 0% and 100% under the peak regulation working condition, the peak regulation pressure of the boiler is reduced, and the peak regulation performance of the whole power generation system is better.
The supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop can further improve circulation efficiency through methods such as system optimization, compressor intermediate cooling, turbine reheating and the like.
It will be understood that, although the terms "first," "second," etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments.
While the invention has been described with respect to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and additions may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Equivalent embodiments of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings disclosed herein, when considered in the light of the foregoing disclosure, and without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; meanwhile, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolution of the above embodiments according to the essential technology of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-energy hybrid power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide circulation is characterized in that: the system consists of a supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop, a geothermal injection and production loop and a solar heat conversion loop;
the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop comprises a compressor (1), wherein an outlet of the compressor (1) is respectively connected with a high-pressure side inlet of a low-temperature heat regenerator (2) and a carbon dioxide working medium side inlet of a geothermal energy heater (3), the high-pressure side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (2) is connected with a carbon dioxide working medium side outlet of the geothermal energy heater (3) and a high-pressure side inlet of a high-temperature heat regenerator (4), the high-pressure side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator (4) is connected with a carbon dioxide working medium side inlet of a solar heater (5), the carbon dioxide working medium side outlet of the solar heater (5) is connected with an inlet of a boiler (8), an outlet of the boiler (8) is connected with an air inlet of a turbine (10), and the compressor (1), the turbine (10) and a generator (11) are coaxially connected; the exhaust port of the turbine (10) is connected with the low-pressure side inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator (4), the low-pressure side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator (4) is connected with the low-pressure side inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (2), the low-pressure side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (2) is connected with the inlet of the precooler (12), the outlet of the precooler (12) is connected with the working medium inlet of the cooler (24), and the working medium outlet of the cooler (24) is connected with the inlet of the compressor (1);
the geothermal injection and production loop comprises an injection well (14) and a production well (15) which are deeply underground, wherein an outlet of an injection pump (13) is connected with the injection well (14), an outlet of the production well (15) is connected with an inlet of a geothermal heat carrying medium side of a geothermal heat exchanger (16), an outlet of the geothermal heat carrying medium side of the geothermal heat exchanger (16) is connected with an inlet of the injection pump (13), an inlet and an outlet of an intermediate heat transfer medium side of the geothermal heat exchanger (16) are respectively connected with an outlet of an intermediate heat transfer medium side of a geothermal heat heater (3) and an inlet of an intermediate heat transfer medium side of a solar heat supplement heater (22), and an outlet of the intermediate heat transfer medium side of the solar heat supplement heater (22) is connected with an inlet of the intermediate heat transfer medium side of the geothermal heat heater (3);
the solar heat conversion loop comprises a solar concentrating and heat collecting system (18), an outlet of a circulating pump (17) is connected with an inlet of the solar concentrating and heat collecting system (18) and a first port of a three-way switching valve (21), a second port of the three-way switching valve (21) is connected with one end of a heat storage device heat exchanger (19), an outlet of the solar concentrating and heat collecting system (18) is connected with the other end of the heat storage device heat exchanger (19) and an inlet of a heat transfer medium side of the solar heater (5), and the heat storage device heat exchanger (19) is connected with a heat storage device (20); the outlet of the heat transfer medium side of the solar heater (5) is connected with the inlet of the heat transfer medium side of the solar heat compensator (22), the outlet of the heat transfer medium side of the solar heat compensator (22) is connected with the heat source inlet of the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator (23), the heat source outlet of the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator (23) is connected with the inlet of the circulating pump (17) and the third port of the three-way switching valve (21), and the refrigerant water inlet and the refrigerant water outlet of the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator (23) are respectively connected with the refrigerant water outlet and the refrigerant water inlet of the cooler (24).
2. A multi-energy hybrid power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide cycle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop further comprises a first bypass valve (6) for bypassing the solar heater (5), and an inlet and an outlet of the first bypass valve (6) are respectively connected with an inlet and an outlet of the solar heater (5); when no solar energy can be provided, the solar heater (5) is bypassed, and the carbon dioxide working medium directly enters the boiler (8).
3. A multi-energy hybrid power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide cycle as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop also comprises a second bypass valve (7) for bypassing the boiler (8), wherein an inlet and an outlet of the second bypass valve (7) are respectively connected with an inlet and an outlet of the boiler (8); when the solar energy is sufficient, the boiler (8) is not required to supplement heat, the boiler (8) is bypassed, and the carbon dioxide working medium directly enters the turbine (10).
4. A multi-energy hybrid power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide cycle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the boiler (8) is connected with an air preheater (9), and the air preheater (9) is an air-cooled preheater or a water-cooled preheater; the exhaust smoke heat is recovered through an air preheater (9) for heating new air; the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator (23) is connected with a cooling tower (25).
5. A multi-energy hybrid power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide cycle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the carbon dioxide working medium at the inlet of the compressor (1) is not more than 35 ℃, and the temperature fluctuation is not more than +/-1.5 ℃; the temperature of the carbon dioxide working medium at the inlet of the turbine (10) is not lower than 400 ℃ and the pressure is not lower than 18MPa; the rated output power of the generator (11) is more than 10 MWe; the temperature of the heat carrying medium output by the production well (15) is more than 100 ℃.
6. A multi-energy hybrid power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide cycle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the solar concentrating and heat collecting system (18) is a tower type, groove type or Fresnel type solar heat system, the working temperature is not lower than 300 ℃, and the adopted heat transfer medium is heat conduction oil, molten salt or other applicable medium; the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator (23) is a double-effect refrigerator.
7. A multi-energy hybrid power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide cycle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the intermediate heat transfer medium between the geothermal energy heater (3) and the geothermal energy heat exchanger (16) is water; the heat carrying medium of the geothermal energy injection and production loop is water or supercritical carbon dioxide.
8. A multi-energy hybrid power generation method based on supercritical carbon dioxide circulation is characterized in that: a multi-energy hybrid power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide cycle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
the cold carbon dioxide working medium enters a compressor (1), and the pressure and the temperature are increased; the carbon dioxide working medium at the outlet of the compressor (1) is divided into two paths: one path absorbs low temperature Duan Reliang of working medium discharged by the turbine (10) through the low temperature regenerator (2), and the other path absorbs heat of geothermal energy and part of low temperature solar energy through the geothermal energy heater (3); then the two paths are converged and enter a high-temperature heat regenerator (4) to absorb heat of a high-temperature section of a working medium discharged by a turbine (10), the working medium discharged by the high-temperature heat regenerator (4) absorbs heat of high-temperature solar energy through a solar heater (5), and then the working medium directly enters the turbine (10) or enters the turbine (10) to do work after supplementing heat through a boiler (8), so that a generator (11) and a compressor (1) are pushed to work; the working medium discharged by the turbine (10) sequentially passes through the high-temperature heat regenerator (4) and the low-temperature heat regenerator (2) to release part of heat, and finally passes through the precooler (12) and the cooler (24) to be cooled and then returns to the compressor (1) to finish supercritical carbon dioxide cycle power generation;
the geothermal energy collection is divided into an injection and extraction loop and an intermediate heat transfer loop, which are connected through a geothermal energy heat exchanger (16) and separate a heat carrying medium from the intermediate heat transfer medium; the injection pump (13) is used for leading a heat carrying medium into the injection well (14), outputting the heat carrying medium carrying geothermal energy from the production well (15), transferring the heat carrying medium to an intermediate heat transfer medium through the geothermal energy heat exchanger (16), heating the intermediate heat transfer medium through the solar heat compensator (22), and finally, leading the intermediate heat transfer medium into the geothermal energy heater (3) to transfer heat to a carbon dioxide working medium;
when enough sunlight irradiates, the solar concentrating and heat collecting system (18) absorbs sunlight radiation heat, the three-way switching valve (21) is switched to the inlet of the circulating pump (17) to be communicated with the heat storage device heat exchanger (19), the heat transfer medium absorbs heat from the solar concentrating and heat collecting system (18) under the driving of the circulating pump (17), one part of the heated heat transfer medium transfers heat to the heat storage device (20) through the heat storage device heat exchanger (19), and the other part of the heated heat transfer medium is sequentially transferred to the solar heater (5) and the solar heat compensator (22); when the illumination is strong, the air temperature is relatively high, and a heat transfer medium output by the solar heat booster (22) is used for driving the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator (23) to work, so that cold energy is generated, and the carbon dioxide working medium is cooled by the cooler (24);
after the day, the three-way switching valve (21) is switched to the outlet of the circulating pump (17) to be communicated with the heat storage device heat exchanger (19), the heat transfer medium does not enter the solar concentrating and heat collecting system (18), and the heat storage device (20) transfers the stored heat to the heat transfer medium through the heat storage device heat exchanger (19) and then sends the heat to the heat utilization equipment.
9. The method for generating power by multi-energy mixing based on supercritical carbon dioxide circulation as claimed in claim 8, wherein: and determining whether carbon dioxide working medium from the solar heater (5) enters the boiler (8) to supplement heat according to the requirement, and bypassing the boiler (8) if the carbon dioxide working medium is not required.
10. The method for generating power by multi-energy mixing based on supercritical carbon dioxide circulation as claimed in claim 8, wherein: when the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop generates power under rated load, the geothermal injection and production loop keeps stable geothermal collection amount, and the heat supply amount of the solar heat conversion loop can fluctuate along with day and night changes or weather changes; with the change of the thermal power of the solar heater (5), the boiler (8) adjusts the thermal power, so that the total thermal power is kept stable: when no solar heat is available, the solar heat conversion circuit is not operated, bypassing the solar heater (5).
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