CN109723557B - Oxygen-enriched combustion carbon dioxide power generation system integrating solar methane dry reforming - Google Patents
Oxygen-enriched combustion carbon dioxide power generation system integrating solar methane dry reforming Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an oxygen-enriched combustion carbon dioxide power generation system integrating solar methane dry reforming, belonging to the field of solar energy assisted thermal power generation. The system mainly comprises a solar reforming reactor, a multi-flow heat exchanger, a compressor, a combustion chamber, a turbine, a heat regenerator, an air separation device and the like. In the system, concentrated high-temperature solar energy provides heat for methane carbon dioxide catalytic reforming reaction, generated synthesis gas is directly heated by oxygen-enriched combustion to drive supercritical carbon dioxide to generate power, and combustion products can be separated from tail gas; the carbon dioxide generated by thermal power generation can be used for fuel synthesis to realize resource utilization; the system realizes heat by adding a multi-flow heat exchanger and a low-pressure turbineAnd pressureIs efficiently recovered. The system integrates solar energy through the fuel side, so that the influence of solar energy fluctuation on power cycle can be reduced; meanwhile, the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle directly heated by oxygen-enriched combustion realizes zero emission of carbon-based fuel power generation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of solar-assisted thermal power generation, and particularly relates to an oxygen-enriched combustion carbon dioxide power generation system integrating solar methane dry reforming, in particular to a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system integrating solar-driven methane and carbon dioxide catalytic reforming reaction into oxygen-enriched combustion direct heating.
Background
Solar energy has the excellent characteristics of wide distribution, abundant reserves, cleanness, regeneration and the like, and is regarded as one of the most promising green energy sources; meanwhile, the fluctuation and intermittence of solar energy restrict the development of solar energy. Integration of solar energy into thermal power generation is considered to be an effective way to efficiently utilize solar heat in the near mid-term. In general, solar energy assists thermal power generation by heating circulating working media (such as water supply, steam, air and the like), so that higher thermoelectric conversion efficiency can be achieved, and the influence of solar energy intermittence on power output can be effectively reduced; however, the input share of solar energy is limited by system parameters, and in order to increase the input share of solar energy, complex system adjustment measures or efficient energy storage means are often required. The integration of solar energy from the fuel side is expected to further increase the input share of solar energy, and the stable chemical energy storage is carried out on the solar energy through the fuel, so that the influence of solar energy fluctuation on the thermodynamic performance of the power cycle is reduced.
Methane carbon dioxide reforming reaction, also called methane dry reforming, is a high-intensity endothermic process, providing conditions for solar fuel side integration. Methane dry reforming is to generate high-heat-value synthetic gas by reforming reaction of methane and carbon dioxide which are main components of natural gas under high-temperature catalysis condition; the solar-driven reforming reaction can be effectively converted into stable chemical energy in the synthesis gas, and can be efficiently utilized through high-parameter power circulation. The synthesis gas generated by reforming methane and carbon dioxide is used for power generation of a traditional gas turbine, although higher energy utilization efficiency can be achieved, and carbon emission can be effectively reduced due to solar energy input; however, carbon dioxide and other pollutants are still unavoidable, and carbon dioxide is required as a reactant for methane dry reforming reactions, often requiring additional carbon capture equipment.
The supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle driven by direct heating of oxygen-enriched combustion can directly separate and obtain carbon dioxide from exhaust gas, so that zero emission power generation of carbon-based fuel is realized. In the power cycle, carbon-containing fuel and oxygen are combusted, supercritical carbon dioxide is directly heated, generated high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas enters a turbine to perform power generation, turbine exhaust gas is cooled by a regenerator, a cooler and the like, and moisture and acid gas generated by combustion are separated; the dehydrated high-concentration carbon dioxide can be conveniently separated from carbon dioxide generated by combustion after being pressurized by a compressor. The power cycle does not need complex carbon capturing equipment, and the oxygen-enriched combustion mode is adopted to realize zero emission of carbon-based fuel power generation; and the supercritical carbon dioxide is utilized to reduce compression power consumption near the critical point and a heat regeneration means is adopted, so that the power generation efficiency is improved. If the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle which is directly heated is integrated with the methane dry reforming driven by solar energy, zero emission can be realized on the premise of ensuring high-efficiency power generation, and carbon dioxide generated by the power cycle can be used as a raw material for synthesizing methane reforming fuel, so that the recycling of the carbon dioxide is realized; therefore, the power generation proportion of renewable energy sources is improved, the consumption of fossil energy sources is reduced, and the zero emission of carbon-based fuel power generation is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an oxygen-enriched combustion carbon dioxide power generation system integrated with solar methane dry reforming, which is characterized in that a mixer is connected with a solar reforming reactor through a heat exchange tube at the left side of a multi-flow heat exchanger, and the solar reforming reactor is connected with a synthesis gas cooler through a heat exchange tube in the middle of the multi-flow heat exchanger; the synthesis gas cooler is connected with the gas storage chamber and the synthesis gas compressor; the gas storage chamber is connected with the combustion chamber through a synthesis gas compressor; the air separator is also connected with the combustion chamber through an oxygen compressor; the combustion chamber is connected with the high-pressure turbine, a heat return pipe on the right side of the No. 1 heat regenerator, a heat return pipe on the right side of the No. 2 heat regenerator, a flue gas cooler, a high-pressure acid liquid separator, a carbon dioxide compressor, a heat return pipe on the left side of the No. 2 heat regenerator and a heat return pipe on the left side of the No. 1 heat regenerator in series to form a loop; the carbon dioxide compressor is connected with the carbon dioxide storage chamber and is connected with a connecting node of the left heat return pipe of the No. 1 heat regenerator and the left heat return pipe of the No. 2 heat regenerator through a right heat exchange pipe of the multi-flow heat exchanger; the connection node of the heat return pipe on the right side of the No. 1 heat regenerator and the heat return pipe on the right side of the No. 2 heat regenerator is sequentially connected with a low-pressure turbine, a low-pressure acid liquid separator and a mixer; the high-pressure turbine is connected with the low-pressure turbine and the generator in series; solar energy is projected through heliostats onto a reflector and then concentrated to a solar reforming reactor.
According to the power generation method of the oxygen-enriched combustion carbon dioxide power generation system integrated with solar methane dry reforming, natural gas is mixed with low-pressure carbon dioxide from a low-pressure acid liquid separator through a mixer, and the natural gas carbon dioxide mixed gas is preheated through a multi-flow heat exchanger and then sent to a solar reforming reactor; methane and carbon dioxide which are main components of natural gas are subjected to catalytic reforming reaction in a solar reforming reactor, and the generated high-temperature synthesis gas is cooled down by a multi-flow heat exchanger and a synthesis cooler in sequence; part of the cooled synthetic gas is introduced into the gas storage chamber, and the rest is pressurized by the synthetic gas compressor and is sent to the combustion chamber; the air passes through an air separator to generate high-purity oxygen, and then is pressurized by an oxygen compressor and sent to a combustion chamber; the high-pressure synthesis gas and the high-pressure oxygen are combusted in a combustion chamber, and supercritical carbon dioxide from a heat return pipe on the left side of the No. 1 heat regenerator is directly heated; the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas generated by the combustion chamber does work through a high-pressure turbine, and the generated high-temperature exhaust gas enters a heat return pipe on the right side of a No. 1 heat regenerator to exchange heat and cool; part of flue gas at the outlet of a heat return pipe at the right side of the No. 1 heat regenerator is separated and sent to a low-pressure turbine for acting, acid liquor is separated out from generated low-pressure low-temperature exhaust gas through a low-pressure acid liquor separator, and high-purity low-pressure carbon dioxide at the outlet of the low-pressure acid liquor separator is sent to a mixer for mixing with natural gas; the rest of the flue gas at the outlet of the right side heat return pipe of the No. 1 heat regenerator sequentially passes through the right side heat return pipe of the No. 2 heat regenerator and a flue gas cooler to be cooled, and then acid liquid is separated out by a high-pressure acid liquid separator; the high-purity carbon dioxide generated by the high-pressure acid liquid separator is pressurized by a carbon dioxide compressor, and a part of formed supercritical carbon dioxide is preheated by a heat return pipe on the left side of a No. 2 heat regenerator and a heat return pipe on the left side of a No. 1 heat regenerator in sequence and then is sent to a combustion chamber for adjusting the temperature of the combustion chamber; the other part of supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor is heated by a multi-flow heat exchanger and then is converged with the supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet of a heat return pipe at the left side of a No. 2 heat regenerator, and the rest of supercritical carbon dioxide is stored in a carbon dioxide storage chamber as combustion products; shaft work generated by the high-pressure turbine and the low-pressure turbine generates power and works through a generator; solar radiation energy is gathered to the solar reforming reactor through heliostats and reflectors in sequence, so that the reforming reaction of methane and carbon dioxide which are main components of natural gas is driven.
A part of low-pressure carbon dioxide at the outlet of the right side regenerative tube of the No. 1 regenerator is subjected to work by a low-pressure turbine, the pressure and the temperature are respectively reduced to 1atm and the ambient temperature, and the pressure of the carbon dioxide is recoveredAnd after the acid gas and the water are separated by the low-pressure acid liquid separator, the normal-pressure carbon dioxide generated by the low-pressure turbine participates in the reforming reaction of methane which is the main component of the natural gas.
The reaction temperature of the solar reforming reactor is 700-900 ℃, and the high-temperature synthesis gas at the outlet is used for respectively heating the mixture of natural gas and carbon dioxide at the outlet of the mixer and part of supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor through a multi-flow heat exchanger.
The amount of carbon dioxide consumed by the solar reforming reactor is larger than that of carbon dioxide generated by combustion, and supercritical carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage chamber is required to be introduced into a heat exchange tube on the right side of the multi-flow heat exchanger so as to maintain the amount of carbon dioxide working medium required by supercritical carbon dioxide power circulation.
The catalyst used in the solar reforming reactor is a metal-based catalyst comprising nickel-based, ruthenium-based and rhodium-based, a carbon-based catalyst or a mixture of the two.
When the irradiation intensity of solar energy is enhanced, the flow rate of the natural gas and the carbon dioxide from the low-pressure acid liquid separator, which is introduced into the mixer, is increased, the flow rate of the supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor, which is introduced into the carbon dioxide storage chamber, is reduced, and part of the synthesis gas at the outlet of the synthesis gas cooler is stored in the gas storage chamber; when the irradiation intensity of solar energy is weakened or no solar energy exists, the flow rate of the natural gas and the carbon dioxide from the low-pressure acid liquid separator, which is introduced into the mixer, is reduced, the flow rate of the supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor, which is introduced into the carbon dioxide storage chamber, is increased, and the synthesis gas stored in the storage chamber is required to be introduced into the combustion chamber through the synthesis gas compressor; when the fuel in the air storage chamber is insufficient, natural gas is directly introduced into the combustion chamber through the synthetic gas compressor so as to maintain the generated energy.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the solar energy is integrated with thermal power generation from the fuel side through methane and carbon dioxide catalytic reforming, so that the influence of solar radiation intensity fluctuation on power circulation can be reduced, and stable storage is realized in a chemical energy form; meanwhile, by integrating supercritical carbon dioxide power circulation directly heated by oxygen-enriched combustion, the power generation efficiency can be improved, zero emission is realized, carbon dioxide required by reaction is provided for methane dry reforming, and the method has the following characteristics:
(1) The gas storage chamber is used for storing excessive synthetic gas generated by the solar catalytic reforming reaction, so that the fluctuation of the solar radiation intensity can be adapted, the influence on power circulation is reduced, and meanwhile, the stable chemical energy storage of solar energy is realized; when the generated synthesis gas is insufficient to maintain the power output, the system can directly burn and consume methane without complex standby operation measures.
(2) The high-temperature synthesis gas generated by the solar reforming reactor can heat normal-pressure carbon dioxide and part of supercritical carbon dioxide in the power cycle required by the reforming reaction through the multi-flow heat exchanger, so that the heat is efficiently recovered, and the overall utilization efficiency of the system energy is improved.
(3) Extracting low-pressure flue gas at a certain temperature from a power cycle regenerator, doing work through a low-pressure turbine, reducing the low-pressure flue gas to atmospheric pressure, and enabling the low-pressure flue gas to be consistent with the pressure of methane catalytic reforming reaction; at the same time, the temperature can reduce the ambient temperature and separate the acid gas generated by combustionAfter the water content is added, the catalyst can be used for reforming reaction of methane without adding additional throttling and cooling devices, and effectively recovering the pressure of the flue gasFurther improving the energy utilization efficiency of the system.
(4) The solar methane carbon dioxide reforming is applied to supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle directly heated by oxygen-enriched combustion, so that zero emission can be realized on the premise of ensuring high-efficiency power generation, and complex carbon capturing equipment is not required to be added; meanwhile, carbon dioxide generated by combustion of the power circulation system can be reformed into fuel through methane in a dry mode, and recycling of the carbon dioxide is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an oxygen-enriched combustion carbon dioxide power generation system integrating solar methane dry reforming.
In the figure: 1-mixer, 2-multiflow heat exchanger, 3-solar reforming reactor, 4-synthetic gas cooler, 5-gas storage chamber, 6-synthetic gas compressor, 7-air separator, 8-oxygen compressor, 9-combustion chamber, 10-high pressure turbine, 11-low pressure turbine, 12-generator, 13-No. 1 regenerator, 14-No. 2 regenerator, 15-flue gas cooler, 16-high pressure acid liquid separator, 17-carbon dioxide compressor, 18-carbon dioxide storage chamber, 19-low pressure acid liquid separator, 20-heliostat, 21-reflector.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an oxygen-enriched combustion carbon dioxide power generation system integrated with solar methane dry reforming, and the oxygen-enriched combustion carbon dioxide power generation system is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The integrated solar methane dry reforming oxygen-enriched combustion carbon dioxide power generation system shown in fig. 1 is characterized in that a mixer 1 is connected with a solar reforming reactor 3 through a heat exchange tube at the left side of a multi-flow heat exchanger 2, and the solar reforming reactor 3 is connected with a synthesis gas cooler 4 through a heat exchange tube in the middle of the multi-flow heat exchanger 2; the synthesis gas cooler 4 is connected with the gas storage chamber 5 and is connected with the combustion chamber 9 through the synthesis gas compressor 6; the air separator 7 is also connected with the combustion chamber 9 through the oxygen compressor 8; the combustion chamber 9 is connected with a high-pressure turbine 10, a heat return pipe on the right side of a No. 1 heat regenerator 13, a heat return pipe on the right side of a No. 2 heat regenerator 14, a flue gas cooler 15, a high-pressure acid liquid separator 16, a carbon dioxide compressor 17, a heat return pipe on the left side of a No. 2 heat regenerator 14 and a heat return pipe on the left side of a No. 1 heat regenerator 13 in series to form a loop; the carbon dioxide compressor 17 is connected with the carbon dioxide storage chamber 18 and is connected with a connecting node of the left heat return pipe of the No. 1 heat regenerator 13 and the left heat return pipe of the No. 2 heat regenerator 14 through a right heat exchange pipe of the multi-flow heat exchanger 2; the connection node of the right heat return pipe of the No. 1 heat regenerator 13 and the right heat return pipe of the No. 2 heat regenerator 14 is sequentially connected with the low-pressure turbine 11, the low-pressure acid liquid separator 19 and the mixer 1; the high-pressure turbine 10 is connected with the low-pressure turbine 11 and the generator 12 in series; the solar energy is projected by heliostats 20 onto reflector 21 and then concentrated to solar reforming reactor 3.
According to the power generation principle of the oxygen-enriched combustion carbon dioxide power generation system integrated with solar methane dry reforming, natural gas is mixed with low-pressure carbon dioxide from a low-pressure acid liquid separator 19 through a mixer 1, and the natural gas carbon dioxide mixed gas is preheated through a multiflow heat exchanger 2 and then sent to a solar reforming reactor 3; methane and carbon dioxide which are main components of natural gas are subjected to catalytic reforming reaction in a solar reforming reactor 3, and the generated high-temperature synthesis gas sequentially passes through a multi-flow heat exchanger 2 and a synthesis cooler 4 to be cooled; part of the cooled synthesis gas is introduced into the gas storage chamber 5, and the rest is pressurized by the synthesis gas compressor 6 and sent to the combustion chamber 9; the air passes through an air separator 7 to generate high-purity oxygen, and then is pressurized by an oxygen compressor 8 to be sent to a combustion chamber 9; the high-pressure synthesis gas and high-pressure oxygen are combusted in the combustion chamber 9, and supercritical carbon dioxide from a heat return pipe at the left side of the No. 1 heat regenerator 13 is directly heated; the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas generated by the combustion chamber 9 works through the high-pressure turbine 10, and the generated high-temperature exhaust gas enters a heat return pipe on the right side of the No. 1 heat regenerator 13 to exchange heat and cool; part of flue gas at the outlet of a right side regenerative pipe of the No. 1 regenerator 13 is separated and sent to a low-pressure turbine 11 to do work, acid liquor is separated out from low-pressure low-temperature exhaust gas generated by the low-pressure low-temperature exhaust gas through a low-pressure acid liquor separator 19, and high-purity low-pressure carbon dioxide at the outlet of the low-pressure acid liquor separator 19 is sent to a mixer 1 to be mixed with natural gas; the rest of the flue gas at the outlet of the right side heat return pipe of the No. 1 heat regenerator 13 sequentially passes through the right side heat return pipe of the No. 2 heat regenerator 14 and the flue gas cooler 15 to be cooled, and then acid liquid is separated out through the high-pressure acid liquid separator 16; the high-purity carbon dioxide generated by the high-pressure acid liquid separator 16 is pressurized by a carbon dioxide compressor 17, and a part of formed supercritical carbon dioxide is preheated by a heat return pipe at the left side of a No. 2 heat regenerator 14 and a heat return pipe at the left side of a No. 1 heat regenerator 13 in sequence and then is sent to a combustion chamber 9 for adjusting the temperature of the combustion chamber; the other part of supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor 17 is heated by the multi-flow heat exchanger 2 and then is converged with the supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet of the left side heat return pipe of the No. 2 heat regenerator 14, and the rest of supercritical carbon dioxide is stored in the carbon dioxide storage chamber 18 as combustion products; shaft work generated by the high-pressure turbine 10 and the low-pressure turbine 11 is generated by the generator 12 to do work; solar radiation energy is gathered to the solar reforming reactor 3 through the heliostat 20 and the reflector 21 in sequence, the reaction temperature of the solar reforming reactor 3 is 700-900 ℃, and the high-temperature synthesis gas at the outlet is used for respectively heating the mixture of natural gas and carbon dioxide at the outlet of the mixer 1 and part of supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor 17 through the multi-flow heat exchanger to drive the main component methane of the natural gas to carry out reforming reaction with carbon dioxide.
Wherein, a part of low-pressure carbon dioxide at the outlet of the right side regenerative tube of the No. 1 regenerator 13 is acted by the low-pressure turbine 11, the pressure and the temperature are respectively reduced to 1atm and the ambient temperature, and the pressure of the carbon dioxide is recoveredThe atmospheric carbon dioxide generated by the low pressure turbine 11 is separated from acid gas and water by the low pressure acid liquid separator 19 and then participates in the reforming reaction of methane which is the main component of natural gas. The catalyst used in the solar reforming reactor 3 is a metal-based catalyst (nickel-based, ruthenium-based, rhodium-based), a carbon-based catalyst, or a mixture of both.
The catalyst used in the solar reforming reactor is a metal-based catalyst comprising nickel-based, ruthenium-based and rhodium-based, a carbon-based catalyst or a mixture of the two.
When the intensity of solar radiation is large enough, that is, the amount of carbon dioxide consumed by the solar reforming reactor 3 is larger than the amount of carbon dioxide generated by combustion, supercritical carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage chamber 18 needs to be introduced into a heat exchange tube on the right side of the multi-flow heat exchanger 2 so as to maintain the amount of carbon dioxide working medium required by supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle.
When the irradiation intensity of the sun is enhanced, the flow rate of the natural gas and the carbon dioxide from the low-pressure acid liquid separator 19 to the mixer 1 is increased, the flow rate of the supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor 17 to the carbon dioxide storage chamber 18 is reduced, and a part of the synthesis gas at the outlet of the synthesis gas cooler 4 is stored in the gas storage chamber 5; when the irradiation intensity of the sun is weakened or no solar energy exists, the flow rate of the natural gas and the carbon dioxide from the low-pressure acid liquid separator 19 to the mixer 1 is reduced, the flow rate of the supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor 17 to the carbon dioxide storage chamber 18 is increased, and the synthesis gas stored in the gas storage chamber 5 is required to be introduced into the combustion chamber 9 through the synthesis gas compressor 6; when the gas storage chamber 5 is deficient in fuel, natural gas is directly introduced into the combustion chamber 9 through the synthesis gas compressor 6 to maintain the power generation.
Claims (7)
1. An integrated oxygen-enriched combustion carbon dioxide power generation system for dry reforming of solar methane is characterized in that a mixer (1) is connected with a solar reforming reactor (3) through a heat exchange tube at the left side of a multi-flow heat exchanger (2), and the solar reforming reactor (3) is connected with a synthesis gas cooler (4) through a heat exchange tube in the middle of the multi-flow heat exchanger (2); the synthesis gas cooler (4) is connected with the gas storage chamber (5) and the synthesis gas compressor (6); the gas storage chamber (5) is connected with the combustion chamber (9) through the synthesis gas compressor (6); the air separator (7) is also connected with the combustion chamber (9) through the oxygen compressor (8); the combustion chamber (9) is connected with a high-pressure turbine (10), a heat return pipe on the right side of a No. 1 heat regenerator (13), a heat return pipe on the right side of a No. 2 heat regenerator (14), a flue gas cooler (15), a high-pressure acid liquid separator (16), a carbon dioxide compressor (17), a heat return pipe on the left side of the No. 2 heat regenerator (14) and a heat return pipe on the left side of the No. 1 heat regenerator (13) in series to form a loop; the carbon dioxide compressor (17) is connected with the carbon dioxide storage chamber (18) and is connected with a connecting node of a left heat return pipe of the No. 1 heat regenerator (13) and a left heat return pipe of the No. 2 heat regenerator (14) through a right heat exchange pipe of the multi-flow heat exchanger (2); the connection node of the right heat return pipe of the No. 1 heat regenerator (13) and the right heat return pipe of the No. 2 heat regenerator (14) is sequentially connected with the low-pressure turbine (11), the low-pressure acid liquid separator (19) and the mixer (1); the high-pressure turbine (10) is connected with the low-pressure turbine (11) and the generator (12) in series; solar energy is projected by heliostats (20) onto a reflector (21) and then concentrated to a solar reforming reactor (3).
2. A power generation method of an integrated solar methane dry reforming oxygen-enriched combustion carbon dioxide power generation system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that natural gas is mixed with low-pressure carbon dioxide from a low-pressure acid liquid separator (19) through a mixer (1), and the natural gas carbon dioxide mixed gas is preheated through a multiflow heat exchanger (2) and then sent to a solar reforming reactor (3); methane and carbon dioxide which are main components of natural gas are subjected to catalytic reforming reaction in a solar reforming reactor (3), and the generated high-temperature synthetic gas is sequentially cooled by a multi-flow heat exchanger (2) and a synthetic cooler (4); part of the cooled synthesis gas is introduced into an air storage chamber (5), and the rest is pressurized by a synthesis gas compressor (6) and sent to a combustion chamber (9); the air is compressed by an oxygen compressor (8) to be sent to a combustion chamber (9) after high-purity oxygen is generated by an air separator (7); the high-pressure synthesis gas and high-pressure oxygen are combusted in a combustion chamber (9), and supercritical carbon dioxide from a heat return pipe at the left side of a No. 1 heat regenerator (13) is directly heated; the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas generated by the combustion chamber (9) does work through the high-pressure turbine (10), and the generated high-temperature exhaust gas enters a heat return pipe on the right side of the No. 1 heat regenerator (13) for heat exchange and cooling; part of flue gas at the outlet of a right side backheating pipe of a No. 1 backheating device (13) is separated and sent to a low-pressure turbine (11) to do work, acid liquor is separated out from generated low-pressure low-temperature exhaust gas through a low-pressure acid liquor separator (19), and high-purity low-pressure carbon dioxide at the outlet of the low-pressure acid liquor separator (19) is sent to a mixer (1) to be mixed with natural gas; the rest of the flue gas at the outlet of the right side heat return pipe of the No. 1 heat regenerator (13) sequentially passes through the right side heat return pipe of the No. 2 heat regenerator (14) and a flue gas cooler (15) to be cooled, and then acid liquid is separated out by a high-pressure acid liquid separator (16); the high-purity carbon dioxide generated by the high-pressure acid liquid separator (16) is pressurized by a carbon dioxide compressor (17), and a part of formed supercritical carbon dioxide sequentially passes through a left heat return pipe of a No. 2 heat regenerator (14) and a left heat return pipe of a No. 1 heat regenerator (13) to be preheated and then is sent to a combustion chamber (9) for adjusting the temperature of the combustion chamber; the other part of supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor (17) is heated by a multi-flow heat exchanger (2), then is converged with the supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet of a heat return pipe at the left side of a No. 2 heat regenerator (14), and the rest of supercritical carbon dioxide is stored in a carbon dioxide storage chamber (18) as combustion products; shaft work generated by the high-pressure turbine (10) and the low-pressure turbine (11) is generated by a generator (12) to do work; solar radiation energy is gathered to the solar reforming reactor (3) through the heliostat (20) and the reflector (21) in sequence, so that the reforming reaction of methane and carbon dioxide which are main components of natural gas is driven.
3. The power generation method of the oxygen-enriched combustion carbon dioxide power generation system integrated with solar methane dry reforming according to claim 2, wherein a part of low-pressure carbon dioxide at the outlet of the right side regenerative tube of the No. 1 regenerator (13) does work through a low-pressure turbine (11), the pressure and the temperature are respectively reduced to 1atm and the ambient temperature, and the pressure of the carbon dioxide is recoveredThe normal pressure carbon dioxide generated by the low pressure turbine (11) is separated from acid gas and water by the low pressure acid liquid separator (19) and then participates in the reforming reaction of methane which is the main component of natural gas.
4. The power generation method of the integrated solar methane dry reforming oxygen-enriched combustion carbon dioxide power generation system according to claim 2, wherein the reaction temperature of the solar reforming reactor (3) is 700-900 ℃, and the high-temperature synthesis gas at the outlet is used for heating the natural gas at the outlet of the mixer (1), the mixture of carbon dioxide and part of supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor (17) respectively through the multi-flow heat exchanger (2).
5. The power generation method of the integrated solar methane dry reforming oxygen-enriched combustion carbon dioxide power generation system according to claim 2, wherein the amount of carbon dioxide consumed by the solar reforming reactor (3) is larger than the amount of carbon dioxide generated by combustion, and supercritical carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage chamber (18) needs to be introduced into a heat exchange tube on the right side of the multi-flow heat exchanger (2) to maintain the amount of carbon dioxide working medium required by supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle.
6. The method for generating electricity of an integrated solar methane dry reforming oxycombustion carbon dioxide power generation system according to claim 2, characterized in that the catalyst used in the solar reforming reactor (3) is a metal-based catalyst comprising nickel-based, ruthenium-based and rhodium-based, a carbon-based catalyst, or a mixture of both.
7. The power generation method of an integrated solar methane dry reforming oxygen-enriched combustion carbon dioxide power generation system according to claim 2, wherein when the solar irradiation intensity is enhanced, the flow rate of natural gas and carbon dioxide from a low pressure acid liquid separator (19) to a mixer (1) is increased, the flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet of a carbon dioxide compressor (17) to a carbon dioxide storage chamber (18) is reduced, and a part of synthesis gas at the outlet of a synthesis gas cooler (4) is stored in a gas storage chamber (5); when the irradiation intensity of solar energy is weakened or no solar energy exists, the flow rate of the natural gas and the carbon dioxide from the low-pressure acid liquid separator (19) which is introduced into the mixer (1) is reduced, the flow rate of the supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor (17) which is introduced into the carbon dioxide storage chamber (18) is increased, and the synthesis gas stored in the gas storage chamber (5) is required to be introduced into the combustion chamber (9) through the synthesis gas compressor (6); when the air storage chamber (5) is deficient in fuel, natural gas is directly introduced into the combustion chamber (9) through the synthesis gas compressor (6) to maintain the generated energy.
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