CN116814595B - 一种腺苷脱氨酶突变体及其固定化 - Google Patents
一种腺苷脱氨酶突变体及其固定化 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116814595B CN116814595B CN202311101057.6A CN202311101057A CN116814595B CN 116814595 B CN116814595 B CN 116814595B CN 202311101057 A CN202311101057 A CN 202311101057A CN 116814595 B CN116814595 B CN 116814595B
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- adenosine deaminase
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/78—Hydrolases (3) acting on carbon to nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds (3.5)
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
- C12N11/10—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a carbohydrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/70—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for E. coli
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/26—Preparation of nitrogen-containing carbohydrates
- C12P19/28—N-glycosides
- C12P19/38—Nucleosides
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y305/00—Hydrolases acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds (3.5)
- C12Y305/04—Hydrolases acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds (3.5) in cyclic amidines (3.5.4)
- C12Y305/04004—Adenosine deaminase (3.5.4.4)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/185—Escherichia
- C12R2001/19—Escherichia coli
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- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及生物工程的技术领域,尤其是涉及一种腺苷脱氨酶突变体及其固定化;一种腺苷脱氨酶突变体,所述突变体由牛的腺苷脱氨酶氨基酸位点突变后得到,突变位点为下述位点中至少一处:第61位苯丙氨酸突变成丙氨酸、第217位谷氨酸突变成谷氨酰胺;本发明利用定点饱和突变技术对来源于牛的腺苷脱氨酶进行催化性能改良,筛选出的腺苷脱氨酶突变酶对3'‑O‑甲基‑2‑氨基腺苷和2'‑O‑甲基2‑氨基腺苷有较高的催化活性;将本申请制备得到的腺苷脱氨酶突变体进行固定化,固定化的酶不但保留其优越的酶活性,增加了反应后分离的效率,同时保证重复多次使用,连续10个批次后仍能保持80%的活性,进一步降低生产成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物工程的技术领域,尤其是涉及一种腺苷脱氨酶突变体及其固定化。
背景技术
腺苷脱氨酶(EC:3.5.4.4 adenosine deaminase ADA)是嘌呤核苷代谢中重要的酶类,属于巯基酶。ADA能催化腺嘌呤核苷转变为次黄嘌呤核苷,再经核苷磷酸化酶作用生成次黄嘌呤,其代谢缓和终产物为尿酸。因该酶具有高效的催化活性,故在核苷类似物合成中发挥巨大作用。
核苷类似物已被广泛用于抗肿瘤以及抗病毒药物的研发。核苷类似物传统的合成方法是化学合成,该过程往往需要几步甚至十几步的反应,反应条件苛刻,对坏境不友好,且反应效率低下。伴随着生物催化行业的发展,生物体内核苷代谢相关的酶被应用于合成的关键步骤,甚至是完全替代化学合成;生物酶是一种从生物体中产生的无毒、对环境友好的生物催化剂,其化学本质为蛋白质,具有高效性和专一性。
目前已经设计出方便、高产的方法来合成腺苷、胞苷和尿苷的2'-O-甲基醚衍生物和3'-O-甲基醚衍生物,但是2'-O-甲氧基鸟苷和3'-O-甲氧基鸟苷的合成存在很大的困难。3'-O-甲基鸟苷是一种甲基化核苷类似物和RNA链终止子,可抑制早期病毒特异性RNA合成,2'-O-甲基鸟苷是一个修饰核苷,在tRNA 鸟苷-2’-O-甲基转移酶作用下产生的,2'-O-甲基鸟苷有一定的促凋亡作用。这两种甲氧基鸟苷衍生物是重要的抗代谢药,也是核酸领域关键中间体制备的重要核苷原料。
传统上,修饰核苷的化学合成受立体和区域选择性影响,对敏感官能团需要采取一系列保护和去保护措施,费事费力,效率低下;酶法合成对于天然无修饰的底物催化性能良好,但对存在修饰的非天然底物而言,受限于酶的专一性特性,其催化效果会大打折扣,甚至完全丧失酶活性。野生型腺苷脱氨酶对腺苷和2-氨基腺苷的具有很高的催化活性,但对2'-O-甲基2-氨基腺苷,特别是3'-O-甲基2-氨基腺苷的催化效率很低。
因此,研发一种对3'-O-甲基-2-氨基腺苷和2'-O-甲基2-氨基腺苷有较高的催化活性的腺苷脱氨酶迫在眉睫。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本申请提供一种腺苷脱氨酶突变体及其固定化。
第一方面,本申请提供一种腺苷脱氨酶突变体,采用如下的技术方案:
一种腺苷脱氨酶突变体,所述突变体由牛的腺苷脱氨酶氨基酸位点突变后得到,突变位点为下述位点中至少一处:第61位苯丙氨酸突变成丙氨酸、第217位谷氨酸突变成谷氨酰胺。
具体的,突变位点为以下任意一种:
(1)第61位苯丙氨酸突变成丙氨酸;
(2)第217位谷氨酸突变成谷氨酰胺;
(3)第61位苯丙氨酸突变成丙氨酸和第217位谷氨酸突变成谷氨酰胺。
优选的,突变位点为第61位苯丙氨酸突变成丙氨酸和第217位谷氨酸突变成谷氨酰胺。
优选的,腺苷脱氨酶突变体的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
牛的腺苷脱氨酶的氨基酸序列(即野生型腺苷脱氨酶氨基酸序列)如SEQ ID NO.2所示;牛的腺苷脱氨酶编码基因的核苷酸序列(即野生型腺苷脱氨酶编码基因的核苷酸序列)如SEQ ID NO.3所示。
第二方面,本申请提供一种编码腺苷脱氨酶突变体的基因,采用如下的技术方案:
一种编码腺苷脱氨酶突变体的基因;编码基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.4所示。
含有上述编码基因的重组载体、表达盒、转基因细胞系或重组菌。
一种重组载体,所述重组载体包含上述的编码基因;优选的,重组载体以pColdI为表达载体。
一种重组菌,所述重组菌包含上述的重组载体,优选的,菌为大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株。
第三方面,本申请提供一种固定化腺苷脱氨酶,采用如下的技术方案:
一种固定化腺苷脱氨酶,所述固定化腺苷脱氨酶是将腺苷脱氨酶突变体与NHS活化的琼脂糖凝胶颗粒通过共价连接进行固定化得到。
第四方面,本申请提供一种固定化腺苷脱氨酶的制备方法,采用如下的技术方案:
一种固定化腺苷脱氨酶的制备方法,制备步骤如下:
将腺苷脱氨酶突变体进行纯化;
将纯化后的腺苷脱氨酶突变体与NHS活化的琼脂糖凝胶颗粒通过共价连接进行固定化,得到固定化腺苷脱氨酶。
第五方面,本申请提供一种腺苷脱氨酶突变体、编码基因、重组载体、重组菌、固定化腺苷脱氨酶在制备核苷类似物中的应用,采用如下的技术方案:
一种腺苷脱氨酶突变体、编码基因、重组载体、重组菌、固定化腺苷脱氨酶在制备核苷类似物中的应用。
在一个具体的可实施方案中,本申请中一种腺苷脱氨酶突变体的制备方法,步骤如下:
首先,查询来源于牛的腺苷脱氨酶序列,通过全基因合成方法构建野生型低温表达质粒pColdI-ADA;其中,本申请中通过采用pCold低温表达载体减少对酶活性的影响。
其次,通过空间结构分析和分子对接,找出酶催化口袋中关键位点;采用定点饱和突变的形式建库,从中筛选出活性较高的突变型。
最后,通过与NHS-活化的琼脂糖凝胶连接将ADA固定,保留酶活性的同时也保证了可重复利用性。
本发明公开了一种腺苷脱氨酶突变体和其固定化方法,所述腺苷脱氨酶突变体由来源于牛的腺苷脱氨酶第61位苯丙氨酸突变成丙氨酸、第217位谷氨酸突变成谷氨酰胺所得。本发明利用定点饱和突变技术对来源于牛的腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)进行催化性能改良,筛选出的ADA突变体对3'-O-甲基-2-氨基腺苷和2'-O-甲基2-氨基腺苷有较高的催化活性。
纯化后的腺苷脱氨酶突变体与NHS活化的琼脂糖凝胶颗粒通过共价连接进行固定,固定化的酶不但保留其优越的酶活性,增加了反应后分离的效率,同时保证重复多次使用,连续10个批次后仍能保持80%的活性,进一步降低生产成本。
综上所述,本申请包括以下至少一种有益技术效果:
1、本发明利用定点饱和突变技术对来源于牛的腺苷脱氨酶进行催化性能改良,筛选出的腺苷脱氨酶突变体对3'-O-甲基-2-氨基腺苷和2'-O-甲基2-氨基腺苷有较高的催化活性;
2、将本申请制备得到的腺苷脱氨酶突变体进行固定化,固定化的酶不但保留其优越的酶活性,增加了反应后分离的效率,同时保证重复多次使用,连续10个批次后仍能保持80%的活性,进一步降低生产成本。
附图说明
图1为pColdI-ADA表达载体构建示意图;
图2为突变型腺苷脱氨酶(F61A/E217Q)镍柱纯化后的SDS-PAGE电泳图;其中,M为Marker,1为上样,2为流穿,3为流杂,4为洗脱;
图3为突变型腺苷脱氨酶(F61A/E217Q)固定化酶重复10次的催化活性检测图。
实施方式
本申请涉及的原料均采用市售产品,其中,
聚合酶预混液来源于Sigma-71842;
质粒小提试剂盒购自于Plasmid Mini Kit I D6943(品牌:Omega);
NHS活化琼脂糖凝胶 Pierce(货号:26196)NHS-Activated Agarose Dry Resin;
2'-O-甲基-2-氨基腺苷,CAS号为80791-87-3;
3'-O-甲基-2-氨基腺苷,CAS号为80791-88-4;
以下结合实施例对本申请作进一步详细说明。
本实施例中涉及的缩略语和关键术语定义:
ADA:Adenosine deaminase腺苷脱氨酶;
IPTG:Isopropyl β-D-Thiogalactoside异丙基硫代半乳糖苷;
LB:Luria-Bertani培养基;
PMSF:Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride苯甲磺酰氟;
PBS:phosphate buffer saline磷酸盐缓冲液;
Tris:Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane三羟甲基氨基甲烷。
实施例1:
腺苷脱氨酶突变体的获得,具体的实验步骤和实验结果如下:
1、原核表达载体pColdI-ADA的构建
参考NCBI中Adenosine Deaminase (ADA)野生型 (GenBank:NP_776312.1)氨基酸序列(即牛的腺苷脱氨酶的氨基酸序列),如SEQ ID NO.2所示。
牛的腺苷脱氨酶编码基因的核苷酸序列(即野生型腺苷脱氨酶编码基因的核苷酸序列)如SEQ ID NO.3所示。
在pCold I载体的NdeI和XbaI酶切位点之间插入野生型腺苷脱氨酶的编码基因,设计pColdI-ADA表达载体,交由华大基因公司进行全基因合成;pColdI-ADA表达载体构建如图1所示。
2、牛的腺苷脱氨酶与底物3'-O-甲基-2-氨基腺苷分子对接
通过AUTODOCK 4.2将3'-O-甲基-2-氨基腺苷对接到牛的腺苷脱氨酶(即野生型腺苷脱氨酶)的氨基酸序列中,确定ADA的活性口袋包含氨基酸H17、D19、L56、S57、L58、F61、L62、F65、G184、D185、E217、V218、L268、T269、D296。
3、定点饱和突变建库筛选
(1)设计定点饱和突变引物,选定氨基酸位置用NNK兼并碱基替换;引物由华大基因合成,引物的序列如表1所示:
表1 突变体引物序列
(2)以步骤1得到的重组质粒pColdI-ADA 为模板进行PCR扩增:50μL PCR总反应体系中,KOD热启动聚合酶预混液25μL,上游引物各(10μM)2.5μL,下游引物各(10μM)2.5μL,pColdI-ADA质粒20ng,ddH2O 补足50μL。
扩增程序如下:
预变性:98℃,30s;
34个循环:变性98℃,10s;
退火60℃,20s;
延伸72℃,90s;
最终延伸:72℃,5min;
(3)每个50μL PCR反应体系中加入1μL Dpn I酶,37℃孵育2 h。
(4)取上述液体5μL加入到E.coil BL21的100μL感能细胞中,冰浴冷却30 min,在42℃条件下转化90s,冰浴5min。向转化悬浮液中加入900μL LB培养基,然后,在摇床中37℃, 200rpm孵育60 min;然后将每个培养物铺在含有100μg/mL氨苄青霉素的LB固体平板上,37℃过夜。
(5)挑选单菌落至96孔深孔板培养,每孔1mL含有终浓度100μg/ml氨苄青霉素的LB培养基,37℃,800rpm。待OD=0.6-1.0时,将温度下调至15℃,继续孵育30min后,加入终浓度0.5mM的IPTG诱导表达24h。
(6)以4000rpm进行震荡10min,离心收集菌体,加入200μL含有溶菌酶(1mg/ml)和DNA酶I(1U/孔)的PBS,37℃,800rpm震荡30min。
(7)以4000rpm进行震荡10min,离心收集裂解上清,即为粗酶液。取20μL粗酶液,分别加入至含有2'-O-甲基-2-氨基腺苷(终浓度5mM)、3'-O-甲基-2-氨基腺苷(终浓度5mM)的EP管,至于37℃,200rpm,摇床反应24h,过滤后上样,HPLC检测反应结果。
(8)经过大规模筛选验证,最终得到突变体F61A与E217Q,突变体F61A、突变体E217Q催化3'-O-甲基-2-氨基腺苷的效率是野生型酶的5-6倍,催化2'-O-甲基-2-氨基腺苷稍高于野生型,催化活性结果见表3。
(9)挑选F61A突变体菌落扩大培养,用质粒小提试剂盒提取质粒,以pColdI-ADA(F61A)质粒为模板,设计E217Q定向突变引物,使用步骤(2)-(4)中方法进行扩增,酶处理和转化。
E217Q定向突变引物由华大基因合成,序列如表2所示:
表2 E217Q定向突变引物序列
(10)挑取重组菌落送华大基因测序,确认F61A和E217Q双突变发生,F61A/E217Q突变体的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示,F61A/E217Q突变体的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.4所示。
(11)HPLC检测反应结果,经验证,F61A/E217Q的酶催化活性稍高于单突变型,催化活性结果见表3,所以选择F61A/E217Q突变体进行后续反应。
表3 催化活性转化率结果
(12)将步骤(10)制备得到的pColdI-ADA(F61A/E217Q)扩大培养至OD=0.6时,加入终浓度为10%(V/V)甘油混合均匀,分装至于-80℃保存,得到pColdI-ADA(F61A/E217Q)甘油菌。
4、突变型ADA(F61A/E217Q)诱导表达和纯化
(1)接种步骤3制备得到的pColdI-ADA(F61A/E217Q)甘油菌,37℃,200rpm培养;
(2)至OD=0.6-1.0时降低温度至15℃,待培养物温度降至设定温度后,加入终浓度为0.5mM的IPTG;
(3)在15℃,200rpm下诱导24h;
(4)取8000g在4℃下离心10min,收集菌体;
(5)加入PBS重悬菌体,加入终浓度1mM的蛋白酶抑制剂PMSF,超声破碎裂解菌体,取12000g在4℃下离心30min;
(6)用0.22微米滤膜过滤上清,用缓冲液对镍柱进行纯化,镍柱纯化获得重组蛋白,用PBS透析除去咪唑。
纯化所用缓冲液如下,每种缓冲液使用量10个柱体积:
a、结合缓冲液: PBS,pH 7.4 ;
b、洗杂缓冲液: PBS和25mM咪唑,pH 7.4 ;
c、洗脱缓冲液: PBS和 250mM咪唑,pH 7.4 ;
突变型ADA(F61A/E217Q)镍柱纯化后的SDS-PAGE电泳图如图2(其中,M:Marker,1:上样,2:流穿1,3:流杂,4:洗脱)所示。由图2可知,洗脱得到的目的蛋白大小约43kd左右,与预期大小相符。
5、突变型ADA(F61A/E217Q)的固定化
(1)取1g的NHS活化琼脂糖凝胶,用PBS洗涤5遍;
(2)将25mg步骤4中第(6)步得到的含突变型ADA(F61A/E217Q)的PBS溶液加入至NHS活化琼脂糖凝胶颗粒中,4℃,上下颠倒反应过夜;
(3)离心,用PBS洗涤3遍;
(4)加入1M Tris, 在pH 为7.4的条件下封闭未反应的活性基团,30min;
(5)离心,用PBS洗涤5遍,即可用于下游酶活验证。
6、固定化酶活性验证
本步骤中酶活性的验证是通过一定时间内底物的转化率而界定的,具体步骤如下:
(1)分别称取一定量的2'-O-甲基-2-氨基腺苷、3'-O-甲基-2-氨基腺苷溶于磷酸盐缓冲液中,制备成终浓度为5mM的氨基腺苷溶液,加入步骤5制备得到固定化酶混悬液,其中,加入的固定化酶混悬液为氨基腺苷溶液体积的1%,37℃震荡反应12h;
(2)HPLC检测转化率,确定突变体ADA(F61A/E217Q)酶固定化后活性,突变体ADA(F61A/E217Q)酶固定化前后活性转化率如表4所示,根据表4可知,突变体ADA(F61A/E217Q)酶固定化后活性稍低于固定前,说明固定化过程在一定程度上增大了活性中心的空间位阻,降低了酶和底物结合的效率。
表4 突变体ADA(F61A/E217Q)酶固定化前后活性转化率
(3)将上述步骤(1)制备得到的固定化酶滤出后用PBS洗涤3次,投入到下一批次,如此重复使用固定化酶10次;以第一次催化活性记为100%,经过10次使用后酶催化活性仍保持在80%以上,见图3。
以上结果表明,本申请中通过突变提高ADA对于非天然底物的催化活性;筛选出的ADA突变体对3'-O-甲基-2-氨基腺苷和2'-O-甲基2-氨基腺苷有较高的催化活性。
通过对本申请得到的腺苷脱氨酶突变体进行固定化,酶固定化不但保留其优越的酶活性,而且提高酶应用的分离效率,实现可重复使用,连续10个批次后仍能保持80%的活性,降低生产成本。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释,其并不是对本申请的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本申请的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (7)
1.一种腺苷脱氨酶突变体,其特征在于:所述突变体由牛的腺苷脱氨酶氨基酸位点突变后得到;牛的腺苷脱氨酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示;
突变为如下任一种:
(1)第61位苯丙氨酸突变成丙氨酸;
(2)第61位苯丙氨酸突变成丙氨酸且第217位谷氨酸突变成谷氨酰胺。
2.编码如权利要求1所述的腺苷脱氨酶突变体的基因。
3.一种重组载体,其特征在于:所述重组载体包含权利要求2所述编码基因。
4.一种重组菌,其特征在于:所述重组菌包含权利要求3所述的重组载体。
5.一种固定化腺苷脱氨酶,其特征在于:所述固定化腺苷脱氨酶是将权利要求1所述的腺苷脱氨酶突变体与NHS活化的琼脂糖凝胶通过固定化得到。
6.一种固定化腺苷脱氨酶的制备方法,其特征在于,制备步骤如下:
将权利要求1所述的腺苷脱氨酶突变体进行纯化;
将纯化后的腺苷脱氨酶突变体与NHS活化的琼脂糖凝胶通过共价连接进行固定化,得到固定化腺苷脱氨酶。
7.权利要求1所述的腺苷脱氨酶突变体、权利要求2所述的编码基因、权利要求3所述的重组载体、权利要求4所述重组菌、权利要求5所述的固定化腺苷脱氨酶、权利要求6所述方法制备得到的固定化腺苷脱氨酶在制备3'-O-甲基鸟苷、2'-O-甲基鸟苷中的应用。
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