CN116813352A - 氮化铝陶瓷材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
氮化铝陶瓷材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium oxide Chemical compound O=[Sc]O[Sc]=O HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 5
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种氮化铝陶瓷材料及其制备方法和应用,该制备方法包括以下步骤:将微米级氮化铝粉体、单层石墨烯和烧结助剂混合,球磨,制得混合粉末;将混合粉末与成型剂混合,模压成型,制得粉末胚体;对粉末胚体进行烧结,得到氮化铝陶瓷材料。本发明制得的氮化铝陶瓷材料的相对密度达到98.8%以上,体电阻率在109Ω·cm~1011Ω·cm,热导率超过200W m‑ 1K‑1,具有成本低廉、缺陷结构少、热导率高和电阻率可调等优点,是一种性能优异的新型电介质层材料,可以用于制备性能优异的静电卡盘,使用价值高,应用前景好,有利于实现静电卡盘的广泛应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于半导体设备制造领域,涉及一种氮化铝陶瓷材料及其制备方法和应用,具体涉及一种用作静电卡盘陶瓷零部件的氮化铝陶瓷材料及其制备方法和该氮化铝陶瓷材料在制作静电卡盘中的应用。
背景技术
静电卡盘(ESC)是一种利用静电吸附力夹持晶片的装置,它可以通过表面的气体冷却通道和加热电极实现对晶片温度的精准控制,从而广泛的应用于半导体集成电路(IC)的各种制备工艺中,如物理气相沉积(PVD)、化学气相沉积(CVD)、等离子刻蚀(ETCH)和离子注入等工艺。按照其工作原理的不同静电卡盘可以分为库仑力型和J-R力型两种类型,相比较于库伦型静电卡盘,通常J-R型静电卡盘能够提供更大的吸附力。陶瓷电介质层作为静电卡盘的关键组成部分,其制造水平的高低在很大程度上决定了静电卡盘的性能的优劣。目前市场上的静电卡盘普遍是采用氧化铝或氮化铝陶瓷作为电介质层,相比较于氧化铝陶瓷,氮化铝陶瓷具有更高的热导率(理论热导率320W m-1K-1)、更高的抗弯强度(300MPa)以及与硅片跟接近的热膨胀系数,被认为是比氧化铝更好的静电卡盘电介质层材料,特别是在具备加热功能的高端静电卡盘领域。
对于J-R型静电卡盘,其工作原理要求电介质层材料既不属于导体材料也不属于绝缘体材料,而是具有一定导电能力的半导体材料(体电阻率在109~1011Ω·cm之间),因此需要向绝缘性的氮化铝陶瓷中掺入一定量的导电材料调阻剂如Ni、Ti和TiN等,将其电阻率调整到所需的范围。然而,这些导电材料的热导率通常远低于氮化铝,分布在陶瓷晶界处热导率较低的导电材料会严重影响热量在陶瓷晶粒之间的传递,造成氮化铝陶瓷热导率的显著降低。与此同时,氮化铝晶格中氧的存在也会导致材料中形成铝空位、反相畴界、堆垛层错和多形体等结构缺陷,这些缺陷不仅会造成氮化铝陶瓷力学性能的下降,也会导致其热导率急剧下降。基于上述缺陷,有研究人员提出以纳米氮化铝粉末和石墨烯颗粒为主要原料,经注射成型方法制备所需形状的氮化铝/石墨烯复合陶瓷,然而,该方法中制备的氮化铝/石墨烯复合陶瓷仍然存在以下缺陷:(1)以纳米氮化铝粉末为原料,其含有的晶界数量多,因而需要更多的石墨烯颗粒用于降低氮化铝中的氧含量,而复合材料中以石墨烯作为抑制相/第二相时,由于其含量过高,则难以有效提高复合材料的致密度,特别的,当复合材料的致密度偏低时,难以有效提高复合材料的热导率和力学性能,与此同时,复合材料中存在过多石墨烯时,也容易降低复合材料的电阻率,由此使得氮化铝/石墨烯复合陶瓷由半导体转为导体,因而无法适用于作为静电卡盘介质层材料对于电阻率的性能需求;(2)以纳米氮化铝粉末和石墨烯颗粒为原料,经注射成型方法制备的氮化铝/石墨烯复合陶瓷具有非常大的比表面积,材料更容易吸附空气中的氧,导致材料中的氧含量偏高,而且材料中粉末之间的孔隙丰富,分布在颗粒之间的大量石墨烯会造成氧化铝材料的晶粒生长受阻,此时复合材料的致密度仍然偏低,由此导致所制备的氮化铝/石墨烯复合陶瓷仍然存在热导率偏低且力学强度不足等缺陷,难以满足作为静电卡盘电介质层材料对于热导率和力学性能的要求;(3)采用注射成型的方法适合制备尺寸较小结构复杂的氮化铝陶瓷结构件,但其不适合制备尺寸较大、厚度薄对均匀性要求较高的静电卡盘电介质陶瓷片;(4)大量使用石墨烯颗粒,会导致制备成本显著提高,不利于大规模的工业化应用。因此,获得一种成本低廉、缺陷结构少、热导率高和电阻率可调的氮化铝陶瓷材料以及与之匹配的工艺简单、操作方便的制备方法,对于制备高性能的静电卡盘以及实现静电卡盘的广泛应用具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足,提供一种成本低廉、缺陷结构少、热导率高和电阻率可调的氮化铝陶瓷材料及其制备方法和应用。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种氮化铝陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将微米级氮化铝粉体、单层石墨烯和烧结助剂混合,球磨,得到混合粉末;
S2、将混合粉末与成型剂混合,模压成型,得到粉末胚体;
S3、将粉末胚体进行烧结,得到氮化铝陶瓷材料。
上述的制备方法,进一步改进的,步骤S1中,所述微米级氮化铝粉体的粒径分布范围为0.2μm~2μm;所述微米级氮化铝粉体中氧杂质的质量百分含量≤0.3%。
上述的制备方法,进一步改进的,步骤S1中,所述微米级氮化铝粉体的质量与原料总质量的比例>95%。
上述的制备方法,进一步改进的,步骤S1中,所述单层石墨烯的质量与原料总质量的比例<2%。
上述的制备方法,进一步改进的,步骤S1中,所述烧结助剂的质量与原料总质量的比例<3%;所述烧结助剂为氧化钪和氧化镁中的至少一种。
上述的制备方法,进一步改进的,步骤S1中,所述球磨过程中采用的研磨介质为易挥发有机物;所述易挥发有机物为乙醇、丙酮中的至少一种;所述球磨过程中控制球料比范围为3∶1~10∶1。
上述的制备方法,进一步改进的,步骤S2中,所述成型剂为聚乙烯醇;所述成型剂与混合粉末的质量比为1∶10~1∶5。
上述的制备方法,进一步改进的,步骤S3中,所述烧结为:先将粉末胚体以1℃/min~10℃/min的加热速率加热至400℃~600℃,保温12h~24h,然后转移至氮气气氛下以1℃/min~10℃/min的加热速率升温至500℃~800℃,保温100min~300min,再以5℃/min~20℃/min的加热速率加热至1700℃~1950℃,保温6h~12h。
作为一个总的技术构思,本发明还提供了一种氮化铝陶瓷材料,所述氮化铝陶瓷材料由上述的制备方法制得。
作为一个总的技术构思,本发明还提供了一种上述的氮化铝陶瓷材料作为电介质层在制备静电卡盘中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
(1)针对现有氮化铝陶瓷或氮化铝/石墨烯复合陶瓷中热导率和电阻率不能同时满足要求、制备成本高等缺陷,本发明创造性的提出了一种氮化铝陶瓷材料的制备方法,以微米级氮化铝粉体为原料,具有比表面积小、晶界数量少等优点,这使得氮化铝表面氧化铝的含量更少,且氮化铝晶格中氧含量更低,因而可在单层石墨烯用量相对更少的前提下有效去除氮化铝中的氧,与此同时,与常规多层石墨烯材料不同,本发明中,以单层石墨烯为调节剂,其具有更加优异的柔韧度,因而可以使得石墨烯能够有效、均匀的包裹在微米级氮化铝粉体的表面,使得石墨烯与微米级氮化铝粉体的具有更好的界面结合,不仅有利于提高石墨烯对氮化铝表面和晶格中氧的去除效果,而且通过简单的模压成型,即可获得石墨烯均匀分布的高致密度粉末胚体,不仅有利于减少石墨烯的用量,降低制备成本,同时也有利于调控材料的电阻率和提升材料的导热性能,使材料的电阻率和热导率更容易满足实际应用的要求,另外,采用的单层石墨烯,在高温下与氧的亲和性更强,因而在煅烧过程中可实现石墨烯与氮化铝表面和晶格中氧的有效反应,不仅能使氮化铝表面和晶格中的氧转化成二氧化碳排除,从而彻底去除氮化铝中的氧元素,而且还能有效修复氮化铝中存在的结构缺陷,使得材料中缺陷结构显著减少,由此可以制备得到成本低廉、缺陷结构少、热导率高和电阻率可调的氮化铝陶瓷材料,是一种性能优异的新型电介质层材料,可以用于制备性能优异的静电卡盘,使用价值高,应用前景好,从而更有利于实现静电卡盘的广泛应用。
(2)本发明制备方法中,采用的微米级氮化铝粉体的粒径分布范围为0.2μm~2μm,有利于获得氧含量低、致密度高的氮化铝陶瓷,这是因为若氮化铝粉末的粒径小于0.2μm,则它容易吸附空气中的氧,造成材料氧含量升高,而当氮化铝粉末粒径大于2μm时,其在烧结过程中颗粒之间的传质效率下降,由此导致材料的烧结致密度下降。与此同时,为了减少高氧含量对氮化铝陶瓷导热性能的不利影响,本发明中还优化了微米级氮化铝粉体中氧杂质的质量百分含量≤0.3%,这是因为若氮化铝粉体中氧含量过高,则氧在氮化铝中容易形成结构缺陷,这些结构缺陷的存在会严重影响材料中热传导载体声子的传播,由此导致材料导热性能下降。另外,本发明中还优化了各种原料的用量,其中微米级氮化铝粉体的质量与原料总质量的比例>95%,单层石墨烯的质量与原料总质量的比例<2%,烧结助剂的质量与原料总质量的比例<3%,通过优化各种原料的用量更有利于获得热导率和电阻率能同时满足要求的氮化铝陶瓷材料,如优化烧结助剂的用量,可快速形成中间相,从而能够加快氮化铝材料在烧结过程中的传质过程,进而能够提升材料的烧结致密度,但过多烧结助剂容易在氮化铝材料中形成的第二相,从而会导致材料传热和力学性能下降,又如,通过优化单层石墨烯的用量,能够显著提升氮化铝材料的导热和导电性能,但是单层石墨烯用量过高时,会导致氮化铝材料的导电性显著提升,从而不符合静电卡盘的使用要求。
(3)本发明制备方法中,将粉末胚体以1℃/min~10℃/min的加热速率加热至400℃~600℃,保温12h~24h,在此低温条件下可以将陶瓷胚体中的成型剂分解,并从胚体中去除,从而能够避免高温烧结过程中成型剂分解产生额外的氧,由此可以防止氮化铝被氧化,而且这些排出成型剂也避免其在高温下产生气体挥发的过程而影响陶瓷的致密化程度。
附图说明
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。
图1为本发明实施例1中制备的氮化铝陶瓷材料的XRD图谱。
图2为对比例1中制备的氮化铝陶瓷材料的XRD图谱。
具体实施方式
以下结合说明书附图和具体优选的实施例对本发明作进一步描述,但并不因此而限制本发明的保护范围。
以下实施例中,若无特别说明,所采用的原料和仪器均为市售,所采用工艺为常规工艺,所采用设备为常规设备。
实施例
一种氮化铝陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、按照微米级氮化铝粉体的质量与原料总质量的比例>95%,单层石墨烯的质量与原料总质量的比例<2%,烧结助剂的质量与原料总质量的比例<3%,将粒径分布范围为0.2μm~2μm的微米级氮化铝粉体、单层石墨烯和烧结助剂置于球磨机中,加入研磨介质进行球磨,其中球磨过程中控制球料比范围为3∶1~10∶1,得到混合粉末。
S2、按照成型剂与混合粉末的质量比为1∶10~1∶5,将混合粉末与成型剂混合,放入模具中模压成型,得到所需形状的粉末胚体;
S3、将粉末胚体进行烧结,具体为:先将粉末胚体以1℃/min~10℃/min的加热速率加热至400℃~600℃,保温12h~24h,然后转移至氮气气氛下以1℃/min~10℃/min的加热速率升温至500℃~800℃,保温100min~300min,再以5℃/min~20℃/min的加热速率加热至1700℃~1950℃,保温6h~12h,得到氮化铝陶瓷材料。
本发明中,采用的微米级氮化铝粉体中氧杂质的质量百分含量≤0.3%,但不仅限于此。
本发明中,采用的所述烧结助剂为氧化钪和氧化镁中的至少一种,但不仅限于此。
本发明中,采用的研磨介质为易挥发有机物,其中易挥发有机物为乙醇、丙酮中的至少一种,但不仅限于此。
本发明中,采用的成型剂为聚乙烯醇,但不仅限于此。
本发明中还提供了一种氮化铝陶瓷材料,由上述的制备方法制得。
本发明中,还提供了一种上述的氮化铝陶瓷材料作为电介质层在制备静电卡盘中的应用。
实施例1
一种氮化铝陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备混合粉末:
按照微米级氮化铝粉体、单层石墨烯和烧结助剂的质量与原料总质量的比例依次为97.5%、1.5%、1%,将粒径分布范围为0.2μm~2μm、氧杂质的质量百分含量≤0.3%的微米级氮化铝粉体、单层石墨烯和烧结助剂粉末(该烧结助剂粉末由等质量的氧化钪(Sc2O3)和氧化镁(MgO)混合而得)加入到球磨机中,以无水乙醇为研磨介质,球磨24h,使得各种粉末混合均匀,其中球磨过程中的球料比(该球料比是指物料与研磨介质的质量之比)为5∶1,得到混合粉末。
(2)制备粉末胚体:
按照成型剂与混合粉末的质量比为1:6,向步骤(1)中制备的混合粉末中加入成型剂(聚乙烯醇),搅拌均匀,采用模压成型的方法将粉末压制成所需的坯体。
(3)制备氮化铝陶瓷材料:
将步骤(2)中制备的压制成型后的胚体置于真空炉中,以5℃/min的加热速率加热至500℃,保温24时,排尽坯体中的有机物成型剂,然后将坯体转移至充满氮气的常压烧结炉中,以5℃/min的加热速率加热至800℃,保温100min,再以10℃/min的加热速率加热至1850℃,保温8h,随炉冷却,得到氮化铝陶瓷材料。
经测试,本实施例中制备的氮化铝陶瓷材料的相对密度达到98.8%,体电阻率为1.9×1010Ω·cm,热导率超过200W m-1K-1。
一种上述本实施例中制备的氮化铝陶瓷材料作为电介质层在制备静电卡盘中的应用,具体是以氮化铝陶瓷材料作为电介质层用于制备J-R型静电卡盘。
对比例1
一种氮化铝陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备混合粉末:
按照微米级氮化铝粉体和烧结助剂的质量与原料总质量的比例依次为99%、1%,将粒径分布范围为0.2μm~2μm、氧杂质的质量百分含量≤0.3%的微米级氮化铝粉体和烧结助剂粉末(该烧结助剂粉末由等质量的氧化钪(Sc2O3)和氧化镁(MgO)混合而得)加入到球磨机中,以无水乙醇为研磨介质,球磨24h,使得各种粉末混合均匀,其中球磨过程中的球料比(该球料比是指物料与研磨介质的质量之比)为5∶1,得到混合粉末。
(2)制备粉末胚体:
按照成型剂与混合粉末的质量比为1:6,向步骤(1)中制备的混合粉末中加入成型剂(聚乙烯醇),搅拌均匀,采用模压成型的方法将粉末压制成所需的坯体。
(3)制备氮化铝陶瓷材料:
将步骤(2)中制备的压制成型后的胚体置于真空炉中,以5℃/min的加热速率加热至500℃,保温24时,排尽坯体中的有机物成型剂,然后将坯体转移至充满氮气的常压烧结炉中,以5℃/min的加热速率加热至800℃,保温100min,再以10℃/min的加热速率加热至1850℃,保温8h,随炉冷却,得到氮化铝陶瓷材料。
经测试,对比例1中制备的氮化铝陶瓷材料的相对密度达到98.3%,体电阻率为6.2×1013Ω·cm,热导率超过130W m-1K-1。
通过比较可知,通过添加少量的单层石墨烯,即可改善氮化铝陶瓷材料的电阻率和导热性能,然而,未添加单层石墨烯时,所制备的氮化铝陶瓷材料的体电阻率高于1011Ω·cm,且仍然存在热导率偏低的缺陷,这使得对比例1中制备的氮化铝陶瓷材料并不能用于制备J-R型静电卡盘。
图1为本发明实施例1中制备的氮化铝陶瓷材料的XRD图谱。
图2为对比例1中制备的氮化铝陶瓷材料的XRD图谱。
由图1和图2可知,未添加石墨烯时,所制备的氮化铝陶瓷材料(对比例1)的XRD图谱中出现了明显的含O杂质相AlNO相,而添加石墨烯后,实施例1中所制备的氮化铝陶瓷材料中含O杂质相的特征衍射峰消失了,得到纯氮化铝陶瓷相;相关的测试结果也表明添加少量的石墨烯能够显著改善氮化铝陶瓷材料的导热性能。
另外,本发明中还考察了不同类型氮化铝粉体、不同类型石墨烯以及不同用量单层石墨烯对氮化铝陶瓷材料性能的影响,结果如表1所示。
实施例2:微米级氮化铝粉体与原料总质量的比例为97%,单层石墨烯的质量与原料总质量的比例为1%,烧结助剂的质量与原料总质量的比例为2%,其他条件与实施例1相同。
对比例1:以纳米级氮化铝粉体为原料,代替实施例1中的微米级氮化铝粉体,其他条件相同。
对比例2:以石墨烯颗粒(多层石墨烯材料)为原料,代替实施例1中的单层石墨烯,其他条件相同。
对比例3:微米级氮化铝粉体与原料总质量的比例为94%,单层石墨烯的质量与原料总质量的比例为5%,烧结助剂的质量与原料总质量的比例为1%,其他条件与实施例1相同。
表1不同原料类型、不同原料用量下制得的氮化铝陶瓷材料的性能对比
上述结果表明,本发明制备的氮化铝陶瓷材料具有成本低廉、缺陷结构少、热导率高和电阻率可调等优点,是一种性能优异的新型电介质层材料,可以用于制备性能优异的静电卡盘,使用价值高,应用前景好,有利于实现静电卡盘的广泛应用。
以上实施例仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例。凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应该指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下的改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种氮化铝陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将微米级氮化铝粉体、单层石墨烯和烧结助剂混合,球磨,得到混合粉末;
S2、将混合粉末与成型剂混合,模压成型,得到粉末胚体;
S3、将粉末胚体进行烧结,得到氮化铝陶瓷材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述微米级氮化铝粉体的粒径分布范围为0.2μm~2μm;所述微米级氮化铝粉体中氧杂质的质量百分含量≤0.3%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述微米级氮化铝粉体的质量与原料总质量的比例>95%。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述单层石墨烯的质量与原料总质量的比例<2%。
5.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述烧结助剂的质量与原料总质量的比例<3%;所述烧结助剂为氧化钪和氧化镁中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述球磨过程中采用的研磨介质为易挥发有机物;所述易挥发有机物为乙醇、丙酮中的至少一种;所述球磨过程中控制球料比范围为3∶1~10∶1。
7.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述成型剂为聚乙烯醇;所述成型剂与混合粉末的质量比为1∶10~1∶5。
8.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,所述烧结为:先将粉末胚体以1℃/min~10℃/min的加热速率加热至400℃~600℃,保温12h~24h,然后转移至氮气气氛下以1℃/min~10℃/min的加热速率升温至500℃~800℃,保温100min~300min,再以5℃/min~20℃/min的加热速率加热至1700℃~1950℃,保温6h~12h。
9.一种氮化铝陶瓷材料,其特征在于,所述氮化铝陶瓷材料由权利要求1~8中任一项所述的制备方法制得。
10.一种如权利要求9所述的氮化铝陶瓷材料作为电介质层在制备静电卡盘中的应用。
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