CN116813247A - 一种自愈型排水沥青路面毯及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种自愈型排水沥青路面毯及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种自愈型排水沥青路面毯及其制备方法,属于道路工程的沥青材料技术领域。所述自愈型排水沥青路面毯由自愈性高粘高韧改性沥青和集料组成;所述自愈型高粘高韧改性沥青与集料的油石比为5~6%;所述自愈型高粘高韧改性沥青的原料按质量份数计,包括:沥青75~80份、自愈合微胶囊2~2.5份、外加剂13‑16份、微波高敏感材料1.5~2份和Diels‑Alder键动态交联网络修复剂1.5~2份。本发明制备的自愈型排水沥青路面毯在保证其良好排水降噪性能的前提下,赋予多重热响应协同自愈合能力,提高沥青排水路面的路用性能及使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及道路工程的沥青材料技术领域,特别涉及一种自愈型排水沥青路面毯及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前的道路工程中,广泛建设了沥青排水路面,其具有良好的排水降噪性能。但由于排水沥青混合料特有的大空隙的特点,易受阳光、雨水和空气等影响,进而引发沥青老化、剥落、易开裂等耐久性问题,需要对其进行大量修补维护工作,并且传统局部罩面养护工程存在施工时间长、易造成交通堵塞以及高温施工引发高浓度沥青烟气排放等问题,与建设环境友好、资源节约型智慧生态路面的目标背道而驰,亟待解决。
地毯式沥青路面是一种可卷曲、工厂预制的沥青混合料路面。现有的沥青混合料路面通过改性沥青与相关添加剂的配合,能确保地毯式沥青混合料可卷曲特性的同时改善沥青混合料力学性能,使得地毯式沥青路面可投入使用。基于组分调节修复沥青损伤的物质补偿与能量补充方法是沥青材料自愈增强的传统技术,但随着改性沥青的广泛使用,该类自愈机理单一的技术不再满足要求,还需针对聚合物相的老化降解和疲劳断裂进行进一步改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供可预制的高性能长寿命排水沥青路面毯,以解决现有技术中的上述问题。
本发明的目的是为了解决现有沥青排水路面由于空隙率大而引发的耐久性不足,以及传统局部罩面工程施工周期长的问题,提供一种可预制的高性能长寿命自愈型排水沥青路面毯。本发明制备的自愈型排水沥青路面毯的核心是基于自愈合微胶囊沥青自愈合、微波高敏感材料沥青自愈合与改性剂交联结构网重建自愈合,赋予多重热响应协同自愈合能力,提高沥青排水路面的路用性能及使用寿命。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
本发明技术方案之一:提供一种自愈型排水沥青路面毯,由自愈性高粘高韧改性沥青和集料组成;所述自愈型高粘高韧改性沥青与集料的油石比为5~6%;所述自愈型高粘高韧改性沥青的原料按质量份数计,包括:沥青75~80份、自愈合微胶囊2~2.5份、外加剂13-16份、微波高敏感材料1.5~2份和Diels-Alder键动态交联网络修复剂1.5~2份。
优选地,所述集料的级配依照沥青排水路面常用的OGFC-5或OGFC-9.5。
优选地,所述Diels-Alder键动态交联网络修复剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将二元醇聚合物、多元异氰酸酯化合物及2,2-二羟甲基丙酸置于高沸点溶剂中,保护气氛下搅拌反应,再加入呋喃类化合物进行反应,得到异氰酸酯预聚体溶液;
(2)在异氰酸酯预聚体溶液中加入双马来酰亚胺类化合物,扩链反应,再加入呋喃甲醇和多元异氰酸酯化合物进行反应,制备得到反应液;
(3)将反应液倒入聚四氟乙烯板,干燥,得到所述Diels-Alder键动态交联网络修复剂。
步骤(1)中添加的2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)主要起催化剂的作用。
更优选地,步骤(1)中所述搅拌反应的温度为70~80℃,时间为30min;加入呋喃类化合物反应的温度为70~80℃,时间为30min。
更优选地,步骤(2)中所述扩链反应的温度为60℃,时间为1h;加入呋喃甲醇和多元异氰酸酯化合物反应的温度为60℃,时间为2h。
优选地,所述二元醇聚合物为聚四氢呋喃醚二醇;所述多元异氰酸酯化合物为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的至少一种;所述高沸点溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的至少一种;所述呋喃化合物为糠醛和甲基丙烯酸糠醇酯中的至少一种;所述双马来酰亚胺类化合物为N,N'-(1,4-亚苯基)双马来酰亚胺和N,N'-(4,4'-亚甲基二苯基)双马来酰亚胺中的至少一种。
优选地,所述自愈合微胶囊的壁材为三聚氰胺-尿素-甲醛树脂,芯材为石油基沥青再生剂;所述微波高敏感材料为二氧化锰。
本发明添加的二氧化锰是一种强介电损耗介质,可高效地将微波能量转化为热能,从而起到促进沥青修复的效果。
优选地,所述外加剂按质量份数计,包括:改性剂8~10份和养护剂5~6份。
更优选地,所述改性剂由质量比为2.6~3.1:1的苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物和聚苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物组成。
本发明添加的改性剂具有良好的物化性能,可与沥青相容,能够显著提升沥青混合料的粘性及韧性,确保可在室内预制并卷曲成毯状。
更优选地,所述养护剂由质量比为10:1:1的稳定剂、缓粘剂和抗老化剂组成;所述稳定剂由质量比为35:5:1的橡胶油、多聚磷酸和硫磺组成,所述缓粘剂为Evotherm3G表面活性剂,所述抗老化剂由质量比为1:2的Irganox1010和Irganox168组成。
本发明添加的稳定剂主要起网状化合、使改性剂与沥青生成接枝物的作用。
本发明添加的缓粘剂主要起降低沥青高温黏度,从而降低拌合温度的作用。
本发明添加的养护剂通过缓粘降温复合抗老化体系,可减少高温施工过程中热氧化导致的沥青组分变化及改性剂网络结构的破坏,其中添加的抗老化剂可避免相关组分与光氧反应,起到间接保护改性沥青混合料中自愈合微胶囊与化学键的作用,延缓沥青毯中各自愈体系作用时间,从而实现长效自愈合。
本发明技术方案之二:提供一种上述自愈型排水沥青路面毯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)混合除集料以外的各原料,剪切,溶胀发育,制得改性沥青混合料;
2)将所述改性沥青混合料和集料拌合,定型,制得所述自愈型排水沥青路面毯。
优选地,步骤(1)中:所述剪切的温度为185℃,所述溶胀发育的温度为170~180℃,时间为30min;步骤(2)中:所述拌合的温度为180~190℃,时间为90~120s。
本发明技术方案之三:提供一种上述自愈型排水沥青路面毯的自愈合方法,所述自愈合方法为对所述自愈型排水沥青路面毯进行微波加热。
本发明的有益技术效果如下:
本发明设计的排水沥青路面毯,通过含有改性剂的高粘高韧改性沥青混合料制得,极大程度的提升了沥青混合料的韧性。而且,考虑到传统微波加热技术存在自愈效果不佳及耗能大的显著缺点,本发明通过优化工艺引入了微波高敏感材料、自愈合微胶囊以及具有热响应机制的Diels-Alder键动态交联网络修复剂,在沥青毯中形成了多重热响应协同自愈体系。
当沥青毯路面出现损伤时,裂纹诱使微胶囊破裂释放内部的再生剂,对沥青毯进行初次修复;当裂纹继续拓展时,对排水沥青路面毯进行微波加热,搭建以微波加热为多重热响应协同自愈合体系的启动机制,引发路面毯中微波高敏感材料发热升温,促进沥青相的流动扩散,使得自愈合微胶囊囊芯物质更易达到破坏处,强化自愈合微胶囊修复及加热沥青流动扩散自愈修复效果,进一步修复路面损伤;与此同时,高热条件激活Diels-Alder键热可逆自修复机制对疲劳损伤后的材料进行多次循环修复,使得材料内部的高分子交联网络结构发生动态调整,大量吸收、耗散外部能量,提高沥青混合料的高低温性能及储存稳定性,实现材料的显著增强和增韧,最终实现路面毯体系以微波加热为启动机制的高效协同自愈合效果,从而显著延长沥青毯的使用寿命。
本发明构建了自愈型排水沥青路面毯双重功用体系,即多重热响应协同自愈体系及可卷曲路面毯体系,有助于实现旧排水沥青路面的快速、长效养护。
本发明制备的自愈型排水沥青路面毯具有良好的高韧可卷曲性,可在室内预制成毯,节省铺装时间且不受地形与施工条件影响,便于路面施工;并在保证传统排水沥青路面良好排水降噪性能的前提下,赋予多重热响应协同自愈合能力,提高沥青排水路面的路用性能及使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的制备流程图。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。
另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值,以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。
关于本发明中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等,均为开放性的用语,即意指包含但不限于。
本发明以下各实施例及对比例中所用沥青的牌号为70#沥青。
本发明以下各实施例及对比例中所用抗老化剂由质量比为1:2的Irganox1010和Irganox168组成。
本发明以下各实施例及对比例中所用Diels-Alder键动态交联网络修复剂的制备方法为:(1)将30g聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、20g 4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯及30g 2,2-二羟甲基丙酸置于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,保护气氛下在80℃搅拌反应30min,再加入20g甲基丙烯酸糠醇酯反应30min,得到异氰酸酯预聚体溶液;(2)在异氰酸酯预聚体溶液中加入45gN,N'-(1,4-亚苯基)双马来酰亚胺,60℃下扩链反应1.5h,再加入40g呋喃甲醇和60g 4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯反应2h,制备得到反应液;(3)将反应液倒入聚四氟乙烯板,80℃真空干燥,得到Diels-Alder键动态交联网络修复剂。
本发明以下各实施例及对比例中所用二氧化锰的表干相对密度为4.25,细度约为200目。
本发明以下各实施例及对比例中所用自愈合微胶囊的壁材为三聚氰胺-尿素-甲醛树脂,芯材为石油基沥青再生剂,粒径在20~80μm。
本发明以下各实施例及对比例中所用集料选用OGFC-5型级配,具体数据见表1。
表1 OGFC-5级配设计表
筛孔尺寸/mm | 16 | 13.2 | 9.5 | 4.75 | 2.36 | 1.18 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.15 | 0.075 |
试验级配 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 94 | 27 | 15 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 5 |
本发明以下各实施例及对比例中所用各原料均为市售产品。
实施例1
按质量份数计,自愈型排水沥青路面毯的原料为:
沥青77.05份、L-SBS(线型苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物)7.5份、SBR(聚苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物)2.8份、橡胶油5.25份、PPA(多聚磷酸)0.75份、硫磺0.15份、Evotherm3G表面活性剂0.6份、抗老化剂0.6份、自愈合微胶囊2.5份、MnO22份、Diels-Alder键动态交联网络修复剂2份和集料1905份。
自愈型排水沥青路面毯的制备:
1)将沥青在烘箱中加热至185℃,加入橡胶油并用玻璃棒均匀搅拌2min以确保改性剂更好相容,再将L-SBS和SBR分多次搅拌加入,以2000r/min低速剪切30min,随后增速至5000r/min高速剪切60min;
2)步骤(1)中的高速剪切完成后,依次加入PPA、硫磺、Evotherm3G表面活性剂、抗老化剂、自愈合微胶囊和MnO2,各自5000r/min高速剪切5min;随后加入Diels-Alder键动态交联网络修复剂,5000r/min高速剪切10min;
3)步骤(2)完成后,将温度降至180℃,使用四叶搅拌机600r/min低速搅拌30min消泡,取出放入烘箱,180℃溶胀发育30min后灌模分装,制得自愈性高粘高韧改性沥青;
4)将集料在195℃保温4.5h后置于拌合机中搅拌90s,加入预热至195℃的自愈性高粘高韧改性沥青在195℃下拌合120s,再倒入涂有隔离油的模具中摊铺均匀,然后在不低于175℃使用轮碾仪来回碾压12次,得到自愈型排水沥青路面毯。
本发明实施例1的具体流程见图1。
对比例1
与实施例1的区别仅在于,省略橡胶油、PPA、硫磺、Evotherm3G表面活性剂、抗老化剂、自愈合微胶囊、MnO2和Diels-Alder键动态交联网络修复剂的加入,制备得到普通高粘改性沥青路面毯。
对比例2
与实施例1的区别仅在于,省略Diels-Alder键动态交联网络修复剂的加入。
对比例3
与实施例1的区别仅在于,省略橡胶油、PPA、硫磺、Evotherm3G表面活性剂和抗老化剂的加入。
对比例4
与实施例1的区别仅在于,省略自愈合微胶囊的加入。
对比例5
与实施例1的区别仅在于,省略L-SBS滑入SBR的加入,改性剂全部改为L-SBS。
效果验证
(1)对实施例1、对比例1~5制备的沥青路面毯进行冻融劈裂试验、低温弯曲小梁试验、室内车辙试验及四点疲劳试验,分别检验沥青混合料的抗水损害能力、低温抗裂韧性、高温抗变形能力及疲劳寿命。测试结果如表2所示。(注:上述试验均参照《JTG E20-2011公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程》)表2不同沥青混合料的性能检测结果
表2中数据表明,本发明实施例1制备得到的沥青混合料,在抗水损害能力、低温抗裂韧性、高温抗变形能力及抗疲劳性能上均优于各对比例。且实施例1的产物在弯曲小梁试验中跨中挠度大于5mm,实施例制备后将其环绕在卷筒上,未发生开裂等现象,说明该沥青混合料可以满足卷曲性和路用性能的要求。
(2)对实施例1、对比例1~5达到疲劳结束条件,即弯曲劲度模量降低到初始弯曲劲度模量50%对应的加载循环次数的试件在700W、2.45GHz的条件下微波加热120s,再次进行四点疲劳试验。采用疲劳寿命恢复率(即愈合后增加的疲劳寿命/疲劳寿命)来评价沥青混合料的自愈合效果,具体测试结果见表3。
表3不同沥青混合料的疲劳寿命恢复率
样品 | 疲劳寿命恢复率(%) |
实施例1 | 42.7 |
对比例1 | 15.9 |
对比例2 | 31.1 |
对比例3 | 36.3 |
对比例4 | 34.8 |
对比例5 | 39.7 |
由上述数据可以看出,对比例1采用的普通高粘改性沥青混合料,相关路用性能与自愈合性能较低;对比例2未引入Diels-Alder键动态交联网络修复剂,常温状态下与实施例性能相近,但在微波加热处理后,因无Diels-Alder热可逆动态交联网络反应发生,疲劳寿命恢复率较低;对比例3未引入养护剂,抗老化性与稳定性较差;对比例4未引入自愈合微胶囊,耐久性较差;对比例5未采用优选复配的改性剂,综合性能稍差。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种自愈型排水沥青路面毯,其特征在于,由自愈性高粘高韧改性沥青和集料组成;所述自愈型高粘高韧改性沥青与集料的油石比为5~6%;所述自愈型高粘高韧改性沥青的原料按质量份数计,包括:沥青75~80份、自愈合微胶囊2~2.5份、外加剂13-16份、微波高敏感材料1.5~2份和Diels-Alder键动态交联网络修复剂1.5~2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自愈型排水沥青路面毯,其特征在于,所述Diels-Alder键动态交联网络修复剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将二元醇聚合物、多元异氰酸酯化合物及2,2-二羟甲基丙酸置于高沸点溶剂中,保护气氛下搅拌反应,再加入呋喃类化合物进行反应,得到异氰酸酯预聚体溶液;
(2)在异氰酸酯预聚体溶液中加入双马来酰亚胺类化合物,扩链反应,再加入呋喃甲醇和多元异氰酸酯化合物进行反应,制备得到反应液;
(3)将反应液倒入聚四氟乙烯板,干燥,得到所述Diels-Alder键动态交联网络修复剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的自愈型排水沥青路面毯,其特征在于,所述二元醇聚合物为聚四氢呋喃醚二醇;所述多元异氰酸酯化合物为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的至少一种;所述高沸点溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的至少一种;所述呋喃化合物为糠醛和甲基丙烯酸糠醇酯中的至少一种;所述双马来酰亚胺类化合物为N,N'-(1,4-亚苯基)双马来酰亚胺和N,N'-(4,4'-亚甲基二苯基)双马来酰亚胺中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的自愈型排水沥青路面毯,其特征在于,所述自愈合微胶囊的壁材为三聚氰胺-尿素-甲醛树脂,芯材为石油基沥青再生剂;所述微波高敏感材料为二氧化锰。
5.根据权利要求1所述的自愈型排水沥青路面毯,其特征在于,所述外加剂按质量份数计,包括:改性剂8~10份和养护剂5~6份。
6.根据权利要求5所述的自愈型排水沥青路面毯,其特征在于,所述改性剂由质量比为2.6~3.1:1的苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物和聚苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物组成。
7.根据权利要求5所述的自愈型排水沥青路面毯,其特征在于,所述养护剂由质量比为10:1:1的稳定剂、缓粘剂和抗老化剂组成;所述稳定剂由质量比为35:5:1的橡胶油、多聚磷酸和硫磺组成,所述缓粘剂为Evotherm3G表面活性剂,所述抗老化剂由质量比为1:2的Irganox1010和Irganox168组成。
8.一种权利要求1-7任一项所述自愈型排水沥青路面毯的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)混合除集料以外的各原料,剪切,溶胀发育,制得改性沥青混合料;
2)将所述改性沥青混合料和集料拌合,定型,制得所述自愈型排水沥青路面毯。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中:所述剪切的温度为185℃,所述溶胀发育的温度为170~180℃,时间为30min;步骤(2)中:所述拌合的温度为180~190℃,时间为90~120s。
10.一种权利要求1-7任一项所述自愈型排水沥青路面毯的自愈合方法,其特征在于,所述自愈合方法为对所述自愈型排水沥青路面毯进行微波加热。
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CN117965037A (zh) * | 2024-02-21 | 2024-05-03 | 北京工业大学 | 一种自愈增强速溶型高粘沥青颗粒及其制备方法 |
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CN117126548B (zh) * | 2023-10-27 | 2024-01-30 | 鄂尔多斯市路泰新材料科技发展有限公司 | 一种抗开裂自愈合改性沥青及其制备方法 |
CN117965037A (zh) * | 2024-02-21 | 2024-05-03 | 北京工业大学 | 一种自愈增强速溶型高粘沥青颗粒及其制备方法 |
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