CN116750713A - 一种原位合成镁基储氢材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 229910012375 magnesium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000008 nickel(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WYGQZDSIRBBVTA-UHFFFAOYSA-D [Nb+5].[Nb+5].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O Chemical compound [Nb+5].[Nb+5].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O WYGQZDSIRBBVTA-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- RAQDACVRFCEPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L ferrous carbonate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C([O-])=O RAQDACVRFCEPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910021446 cobalt carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- FOZHTJJTSSSURD-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium(4+);dicarbonate Chemical compound [Ti+4].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O FOZHTJJTSSSURD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2$l^{2}-dioxaplumbetan-4-one Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004277 Ferrous carbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000003 Lead carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229960004652 ferrous carbonate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000019268 ferrous carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000015 iron(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011943 nanocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910019080 Mg-H Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 fluoride ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种原位合成镁基储氢材料的制备方法,以氢化镁、碳酸盐为原料,通过机械球磨、加热,得到镁基储氢材料;碳酸盐为碳酸镍、碳酸钛、碳酸铌、碳酸亚铁、碳酸钴和碳酸铅的一种;该镁基储氢材料具有较好的脱氢动力学性能和良好的储氢容量,在储氢领域具有很好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明专利属于储氢领域,具体涉及一种原位合成镁基储氢材料的制备方法。
背景技术
MgH2作为氢能材料的一种,其本身隶属于镁基储氢材料,MgH2的理论储氢容量在7.6wt%是一种具备循环性能稳定、高容量、低成本的特性的储氢材料。然而其稳定的热力学性能和缓慢的脱氢动力学阻碍了其在储氢领域的应用.催化剂能为氢的吸附、解离和扩散提供活性位点和快速通道,从而显著改善镁基储氢合金的储氢性能,添加催化剂也因此被认为是最灵活高效的改性方法。常用的催化剂主要包括过渡金属及合金、过渡金属氧化物和卤化物以及碳基材料等。过渡金属不饱和d/f电子轨道易与氢原子相互作用,加速吸/放氢过程中的电子转移过程,降低Mg-H键分解的动力学能垒,从而提高吸/放氢动力学并降低吸/放氢温度;其中最具代表性的元素就是Ti和Nb。过渡金属氧化物由于制备工艺简单灵活得到了广泛的关注。过渡金属氧化物在吸/放氢过程中部分被还原成单质颗粒,并负载在未还原的氧化物载体上,形成了原位纳米催化剂,显著提高了镁基储氢合金的吸/放氢动力学性能。另外,同种元素中高价态的氧化物(如Nb2O5,ZrO2等)更有利于镁基储氢合金吸/放氢性能的提升,这主要与催化剂中多价态的存在以及原子间的电荷转移有关。卤化物中氟化物对镁基储氢合金吸/放氢性能的提升效果最为明显,这主要是因为氟离子对氢原子具有很强的吸附作用。碳基材料主要包括石墨烯、石墨、碳纳米管、活性炭和金属有机框架衍生多碳等,具有密度小、价格低的特点,其既可以有效促进氢的扩散,同时也可以作为纳米催化剂的载体,抑制催化剂的团聚和长大。但现有催化剂难以将镁基储氢合金的放氢温度降低到200℃以下,需要开发更高效的新型纳米催化剂以进一步改善其储氢性能。
发明内容
针对现有技术方案的缺陷,本发明的目的是提供一种原位合成镁基储氢材料的制备方法,克服现有制备技术的缺陷,提高镁基储氢材料的化学活性。
1.一种原位合成镁基储氢材料的制备方法,包括:
1)称量一定质量的氢化镁、碳酸盐,气氛保护、机械球磨1-20h;碳酸盐为碳酸镍、碳酸钛、碳酸铌、碳酸亚铁、碳酸钴和碳酸铅的一种;按质量比计,碳酸盐与氢化镁的质量百分比为1-20wt%,气氛为二氧化碳、氮气、氨气、氩气的一种;气氛压力为0.001-0.1MPa;
2)将步骤1)产物在氩气气体保护下300℃-700℃加热2-10h,得到镁基储氢材料。
本专利设计一种原位合成镁基储氢材料的制备方法;氢化镁和碳酸盐性脆、易粉碎,在机械球磨过程中均匀混合;碳酸盐热稳定差,易分解成金属氧化物和二氧化碳;氢化镁具有高还原性,易与金属氧化物和二氧化碳反应,生成金属纳米颗粒和碳薄层,另外,调控气氛种类和压力,可以调控碳薄层的成分、厚度和孔隙结构;进一步,金属纳米颗粒在300℃-700℃高温与氢化镁反应生成镁基合金。镁基合金对氢化镁储氢性能具有很好的改善作用;而且镁基合金和碳薄层可为氢气提供扩散通道,改善了镁基储氢材料的扩散动力学。同时,碳薄层包覆在镁基合金表面,可以防止镁基合金在高温下的团聚和长大。
与现有技术相比,本发明专利提供一种原位合成镁基储氢材料的制备方法,具有以下优势:
1)制备工艺简单、工序可控、可产业化生产;
2)氢化镁和碳酸盐性脆,在机械球磨过程中,有利于减小氢化镁和碳酸盐的颗粒尺寸;有利于氢化镁和碳酸盐均匀分散和反应;
3)碳酸盐热稳定差,易分解成金属氧化物和二氧化碳;金属氧化物和二氧化碳和氢化镁反应,生成纳米金属粒子和碳薄层;
4)机械球磨过程中,调控气氛种类和压力,可以调控碳薄层的成分、厚度和孔隙结构;
5)加热处理,金属纳米颗粒与氢化镁反应生成镁基合金,镁基合金对氢化镁储氢性能具有很好的改善作用;
6)原位生成镁基合金和碳薄层,并与氢化镁复合生成镁基储氢材料;镁基合金和碳薄层协同改善了氢化镁的储氢性能和氢气扩散动力学;起始放氢温度、吸氢温度和储氢性能得到了明显改善,该材料在储氢领域具有很好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为原位合成镁基储氢材料的放氢动力学曲线。
图2为原位合成镁基储氢材料放氢后的XRD图谱。
具体实施方式
为能进一步了解本发明的发明内容、特点及原位合成镁基储氢材料功效,兹举以下实施例详细说明如下:
实例1
一种原位合成镁基储氢材料制备方法,包括:
l)称量一定质量的氢化镁、碳酸镍,在0.01MPa氩气保护下机械球磨2h;
2)将步骤1)产物在氩气气体保护下500℃加热5h;
3)将步骤2)产物冷却至常温,得到镁基储氢材料
一种镁基储氢材料的成分设计:
1)氢化镁,570mg;碳酸镍,30mg;
2)氢化镁,540mg;碳酸镍,60mg;
3)氢化镁,510mg;碳酸镍,90mg;
4)氢化镁,480mg;碳酸镍,120mg;
吸放氢实验显示,该镁基储氢材料粉末的起始放氢温度对比MgH2得到有效降低,样品1起始放氢温度为218℃、样品2起始放氢温度为180℃、样品3起始放氢温度为182℃、样品4的起始放氢温度为188℃,低于纯氢化镁的起始放氢温度350℃;300℃、半小时内,样品1的储氢容量达到7.06wt%,样品2的储氢容量达到6.25wt%、样品3的储氢容量达到5.62wt%、样品4的储氢容量达到5.31wt%,远高于纯氢化镁的储氢容量。
实例2
一种原位合成镁基储氢材料,包括:
l)称量一定质量的氢化镁、碳酸铁、碳酸铌,在0.01MPa二氧化碳气氛下机械球磨10h;
2)将步骤1)产物在氩气保护下400℃加热5h;
3)将步骤2)产物冷却至常温,得到镁基储氢材料
镁基储氢材料合金的成分设计:
5)氢化镁,540mg;碳酸铁,60mg;
6)氢化镁,540mg;碳酸钴,60mg;
7)氢化镁,540mg;碳酸铌,60mg;
8)氢化镁,540mg;碳酸钛,60mg;
吸放氢实验显示合成的镁基储氢材料粉末起始放氢得到降低,样品5的起始放氢温度为233℃、样品6的起始放氢温度为223℃、样品7的起始放氢温度为218℃、样品8的起始放氢温度为214℃,低于纯氢化镁的起始放氢温度350℃;300℃、半小时内,样品5的储氢容量6.59wt%、样品6的储氢容量达到5.77wt%、样品7的储氢容量达到5.64wt%、样品8的储氢容量达到5.53wt%,远高于纯氢化镁的储氢容量。
上述专利的具体实施方式是示例性的,是为了更好的使本领域技术人员能够理解本专利,不能理解为是对本专利包括范围的限制;只要是根据本专利所揭示精神的所作的任何等同变更或修饰,均落入本专利包括的范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种原位合成镁基储氢材料的制备方法,包括:
1)称量一定质量的氢化镁、碳酸盐,气氛保护、机械球磨1-20h;碳酸盐为碳酸镍、碳酸钛、碳酸铌、碳酸亚铁、碳酸钴和碳酸铅的一种;按质量比计,碳酸盐与氢化镁的质量百分比为1-20wt%,气氛为二氧化碳、氮气、氨气、氩气的一种;气氛压力为0.001-0.1MPa;
2)将步骤1)产物在氩气气体保护下300-700℃加热2-10h,得到镁基储氢材料。
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