CN116735705A - Damage detection method and device based on ultrasonic guided wave linear and nonlinear characteristics - Google Patents
Damage detection method and device based on ultrasonic guided wave linear and nonlinear characteristics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a damage detection method and device based on ultrasonic guided wave linear and nonlinear characteristics, which belong to the field of nondestructive detection and comprise the following steps: arranging a detection device, establishing a simulation model, selecting ultrasonic guided waves according to simulation results, converting the amplified ultrasonic guided waves into vibration signals by using a piezoelectric transmitting probe, collecting linear signal characteristics and nonlinear signal characteristics of the ultrasonic guided waves by using a first piezoelectric probe and a second piezoelectric probe respectively, inputting signals received by a first piezoelectric receiving probe into a control system, and analyzing damage types in the control system; meanwhile, the signal received by the second piezoelectric probe is input into a control system, whether the bolt is loosened is judged in the control system, and a safety evaluation report is output according to the result of the step S5. The damage detection method based on the ultrasonic guided wave linear and nonlinear characteristics can detect the external damage of the angle steel and loosening of the bolt at the same time, and has the advantages of large detection range, strong anti-interference performance, low cost, high accuracy and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nondestructive testing, in particular to a damage detection method and device based on ultrasonic guided wave linear and nonlinear characteristics.
Background
In order to ensure safe operation of the power transmission tower, real-time monitoring and periodic detection are generally required for the health condition of the power transmission tower structure, the damage position and the damage degree of the structure are found and judged through real-time monitoring, early warning is carried out on danger caused by damage, and a reinforcing and maintaining strategy is provided. Wherein the real-time monitoring process is complex and the cost is too high. The periodic detection method comprises methods such as rays, piezoelectric ultrasound, magnetic leakage and electromagnetic ultrasound detection, wherein the ray detection cost is high, and the risk of ray injury exists; the piezoelectric ultrasound requires a coupling agent, and has higher requirements on the detection surface; the magnetic leakage detection and the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection are non-contact detection, the operation is simple, the rapid detection of a large-area steel structure is convenient, but the problems that the magnetic leakage detection is insensitive to uniform corrosion thinning, the electromagnetic ultrasonic is insensitive to punctiform corrosion and the like exist.
It is also known that guided waves are formed by multiple back and forth reflections of sound waves between discrete interfaces in a medium, and further by complex interference and geometric dispersion, and are elastic waves that propagate parallel to boundaries in a waveguide (e.g., tube, plate, rod, rope, etc.) at ultrasonic or acoustic frequencies. The linear property of the ultrasonic guided wave can return irregular waves when encountering damage, so that the ultrasonic guided wave has excellent performance when detecting long-distance objects with obvious boundary characteristics, and has the advantages of rapidness, large range, low cost, strong interference resistance and the like. The guided wave is widely applied to nondestructive detection of pipelines, the specific form of the guided wave in a plate-shaped structure is called lamb wave, and the guided wave is also applicable to nondestructive detection of angle steel structures of power transmission towers. The nonlinear characteristic of the material refers to a frequency multiplication effect which is shown by utilizing interaction of nonlinear characteristics of guided waves and the material in the propagation process, wherein the nonlinearity of the material is mainly reflected as contact nonlinearity at a node of a power transmission tower, namely bolt loosening. It has been studied by the present scholars, for example:
zheng Weigang, tang Gong, zhu Yidong and the like in the analysis of defect characteristics of angle steel section bar based on ultrasonic guided wave detection, analyze the propagation mechanism of ultrasonic lamb wave and explore the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic lamb wave in angle steel section bar; the ultrasonic guided wave detection of the defects of the angle steel section is carried out by using finite element software, and the dispersion characteristic, the attenuation characteristic and the guided wave transmission characteristic in the defect state are analyzed. The result shows that the echo amplitude of the defect reflection increases along with the increase of the defect depth, and the echo amplitude of the defect at the angle connection position of the angle steel end is slightly smaller than that of the defect at the angle steel edge.
Patent CN101559899B discloses an ultrasonic guided wave detection method for angle steel of an electric power iron tower, which comprises the steps of selecting a reference block with a manually set defect, manufacturing a distance-amplitude curve through the reference block, scanning transversely along the probe area by using an ultrasonic guided wave probe, and judging the condition of the angle steel according to the relation between the amplitude of an echo signal and the distance-amplitude curve. The method is limited to an ideal long angle steel range, and is not derived to the actual power transmission tower detection condition.
In summary, the prior art has the defects of small detection range, large environmental impact, single damage detection and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the linear characteristic of high-frequency ultrasonic guided waves is mainly utilized to concentrate on angle steel defect detection at the present stage, the advantages of long-distance detection are lost, the information provided by the nonlinear characteristic is ignored, and the loosening damage condition of a bolt cannot be detected, the invention provides the damage detection method based on the linear characteristic and the nonlinear characteristic of the ultrasonic guided waves, the nonlinear characteristic of the ultrasonic guided waves is fully utilized, the loosening condition of a bolt structure is detected on the basis of detecting the external damage of angle steel under the condition that the complexity of a signal generator is not changed, and the low-frequency ultrasonic guided waves are selected for detection under the condition that the real condition of a power transmission tower is considered, so that a more accurate detection result is provided on the premise of low cost, and meanwhile, the advantage of long-distance detection can be rapidly carried out.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for detecting damage based on ultrasonic guided wave linear and nonlinear characteristics, comprising the steps of:
s1, arranging a detection device:
symmetrically and equidistantly adhering a plurality of piezoelectric transmitting probes to folds in the center of a transverse material at one side of a power transmission tower to be detected by utilizing conductive epoxy resin;
adhering a first piezoelectric receiving probe to a crease in the center of a transverse material on the other side of the power transmission tower to be detected by utilizing conductive epoxy resin;
a plurality of second piezoelectric receiving probes are respectively stuck on the power transmission tower to be detected in a one-to-one correspondence manner by utilizing conductive epoxy resin;
s2, establishing a simulation model, and selecting ultrasonic guided waves according to a simulation result;
s3, sending an instruction to a signal generator through a control system of the detection device, amplifying the ultrasonic guided wave determined by a simulation result by the signal generator through a power development device, then guiding the ultrasonic guided wave into a piezoelectric transmitting probe, and converting the amplified ultrasonic guided wave into a vibration signal by the piezoelectric transmitting probe;
s4, transmitting vibration signals along a transmission tower to be tested, and respectively collecting linear signal characteristics and nonlinear signal characteristics of ultrasonic guided waves by using a first piezoelectric probe and a second piezoelectric probe;
s5, inputting the signal received by the first piezoelectric receiving probe into a low-pass filter, inputting the processed signal into a control system through a signal collector, and analyzing the damage type based on the linear signal characteristic that the ultrasonic guided wave generates waveform distortion after passing through a defective plate-shaped structure in the control system;
meanwhile, a signal received by the second piezoelectric probe is input into a high-pass filter, the processed signal is input into a control system through a signal collector, and in the control system, the characteristics of a frequency multiplication signal and a nonlinear signal with steep amplitude are generated after ultrasonic guided waves pass through a loosened bolt structure, so that whether the bolt is loosened is judged;
s6, outputting a security assessment report according to the result of the step S5.
Preferably, in step S1, the transverse material of the power transmission tower to be detected is angle steel made of Q235 steel, and the thickness of the angle steel is equal to that of the angle steelIs 8mm, and the propagation speed of longitudinal waves in the angle steel is 5920m.s -1 The transverse wave propagation speed is 3230 m.s -1 。
Preferably, in step S1, the second piezoelectric receiving probe is disposed on a node board of the power transmission tower to be tested, and is disposed on a side of the bolt facing away from the piezoelectric transmitting probe.
Preferably, in step S1, the accuracy of the first piezoelectric receiving probe and the second piezoelectric receiving probe both meet 2MHZ-2.5MHZ, and the error is less than 6dB.
Preferably, in step S2, a dispersion curve is drawn according to the material type and the geometric dimension of the node structure of the transmission tower to be measured, and a symmetric mode S is selected 0 And asymmetric modality A 0 The low-frequency sinusoidal lamb wave of (2) is used as an ultrasonic guided wave, and the frequency of the ultrasonic guided wave is between 120KHZ and 200 KHZ.
Preferably, in step S5, the control system sequentially performs analog-to-digital conversion and signal averaging processing on the plurality of signals acquired by the received first piezoelectric receiving probe, and then analyzes the damage type.
The damage detection device based on ultrasonic guided wave linear and nonlinear characteristics comprises a control system, a signal transmitting part and a signal receiving part;
the signal transmitting part comprises a signal generator, a power amplifier and a piezoelectric transmitting probe which are sequentially connected with the output end of the control system;
the signal receiving part comprises a first piezoelectric receiving probe and a second piezoelectric receiving probe which are used for respectively receiving the linear characteristic and the nonlinear characteristic of the ultrasonic guided wave sent by the piezoelectric transmitting probe;
the first piezoelectric receiving probe is connected with the input end of the control system through the low-pass filter and the signal collector in sequence;
the second piezoelectric receiving probe is connected with the control system through the high-pass filter and the signal collector in sequence.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. nondestructive detection of angle steel damage and bolt looseness is considered;
2. the structure and common damage of the actual power transmission tower are more attached, and more accurate safety assessment is further provided;
3. the detection of large range, long distance and multiple functions is realized under the limited cost.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting damage based on ultrasonic guided wave linear and nonlinear characteristics of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a device for detecting damage based on ultrasonic guided wave linear and nonlinear characteristics according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a piezoelectric probe arrangement of the ultrasonic guided wave linear and nonlinear characteristic-based damage detection device of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method and apparatus for detecting damage based on ultrasonic guided wave linear and nonlinear characteristics according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be noted that, while the present embodiment provides a detailed implementation and a specific operation process on the premise of the present technical solution, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the present embodiment.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for detecting damage based on ultrasonic guided wave linear and nonlinear characteristics, comprising the steps of:
s1, arranging a detection device:
symmetrically and equidistantly adhering a plurality of piezoelectric transmitting probes to folds in the center of a transverse material at one side of a power transmission tower to be detected by utilizing conductive epoxy resin; in this embodiment, the piezoelectric transmitting probe is disposed at the end of the transverse member away from one end of the main member.
Adhering a first piezoelectric receiving probe to a crease in the center of a transverse material on the other side of the power transmission tower to be detected by utilizing conductive epoxy resin; in this embodiment, the piezoelectric transmitting probe is disposed at the end of the transverse member away from one end of the main member.
A plurality of second piezoelectric receiving probes are respectively stuck on the power transmission tower to be detected in a one-to-one correspondence manner by utilizing conductive epoxy resin;
the conductive epoxy resin is used as a coupling adhesive, so that the kinetic energy loss of the wave at the joint is not more than 3%.
Preferably, in the step S1, the transverse material of the power transmission tower to be detected is angle steel made of Q235 steel, the thickness of the angle steel is 8mm, and the propagation speed of longitudinal waves in the angle steel is 5920m.s -1 The transverse wave propagation speed is 3230 m.s -1 。
Preferably, in step S1, the second piezoelectric receiving probe is disposed on a node board of the power transmission tower to be tested, and is disposed on a side of the bolt facing away from the piezoelectric transmitting probe.
Preferably, in step S1, the accuracy of the first piezoelectric receiving probe and the second piezoelectric receiving probe both meet 2MHZ-2.5MHZ, and the error is less than 6dB.
S2, establishing a simulation model, and selecting ultrasonic guided waves according to a simulation result;
the phenomenon in which the phase velocity of the guided wave changes with a change in frequency is called a dispersion phenomenon of the guided wave. Because of the dispersion phenomenon, the energy of the signal can be rapidly attenuated, so that the detection sensitivity is seriously reduced, the identification and extraction of defect information in the signal can be very difficult, the geometric dimension of the same material can influence the guided wave dispersion characteristic, and the selection of proper modes and frequencies for the transmission tower structure with the determined dimension is quite important for signal processing. Therefore, in step S2, according to the material type and the geometric dimension of the node structure of the transmission tower to be tested, a dispersion curve is drawn, and a symmetric mode S is selected 0 And asymmetric modality A 0 The low-frequency sinusoidal lamb wave of (2) is used as an ultrasonic guided wave, the frequency of the ultrasonic guided wave is between 120KHZ and 200KHZ, and the amplitude after attenuation can be ensured to be still within a recognizable range in the detection size.
S3, sending an instruction to a signal generator through a control system of the detection device, amplifying the ultrasonic guided wave determined by a simulation result by the signal generator through a power amplifier, enabling the peak-to-peak output voltage of an excitation signal to be 10V, amplifying the sent signal through a power amplifier to be generally not lower than 40V, then guiding the amplified signal into a piezoelectric transmitting probe, and converting the amplified ultrasonic guided wave into a vibration signal by the piezoelectric transmitting probe;
s4, the vibration signal propagates along the power transmission tower to be tested, and the first piezoelectric probe and the second piezoelectric probe are utilized to respectively collect the linear signal characteristic and the nonlinear signal characteristic of the ultrasonic guided wave (respectively receive a reference frequency waveform signal with the same frequency as the transmission signal and a frequency multiplication amplitude signal which is several times the frequency of the transmission signal);
s5, inputting the signal received by the first piezoelectric receiving probe into a low-pass filter, inputting the processed signal into a control system through a signal collector, and analyzing the damage type (when defects, cracks or boundaries exist in the plate-shaped structure, scattering, reflection, transmission and other characteristics occur in the propagation process) based on the linear signal characteristics of waveform distortion generated after the ultrasonic guided wave passes through the defective plate-shaped structure in the control system;
preferably, in step S5, the control system sequentially performs analog-to-digital conversion and signal averaging processing on the plurality of signals acquired by the received first piezoelectric receiving probe (generally selects 64 acquired signals to perform averaging processing to improve measurement quality), and analyzes the damage type.
Meanwhile, a signal received by the second piezoelectric probe is input into a high-pass filter, the processed signal is input into a control system through a signal collector, in the control system, a frequency multiplication signal is generated by utilizing the characteristic that an ultrasonic guided wave can generate a frequency multiplication signal after passing through a loosened bolt structure (the frequency multiplication signal is excited when a fixed-frequency emission signal encounters a loosened bolt), whether the bolt is loosened is judged, in the embodiment, after passing through a bolt-connected angle steel structure, an output signal which is multiple than the input frequency is obtained, and as the loss of the torque of the bolt, the wave propagation can cause interface vibration among angle steel plates to generate contact nonlinearity, and the nonlinear phenomenon is known to generate higher excitation frequency harmonic waves, so the torque level of the bolt can be further measured by detecting the frequency multiplication component of the output signal;
s6, outputting a security assessment report according to the result of the step S5.
The damage detection device based on ultrasonic guided wave linear and nonlinear characteristics comprises a control system, a signal transmitting part and a signal receiving part;
the signal transmitting part comprises a signal generator, a power amplifier and a piezoelectric transmitting probe which are sequentially connected with the output end of the control system;
the signal receiving part comprises a first piezoelectric receiving probe and a second piezoelectric receiving probe which are used for respectively receiving the linear characteristic and the nonlinear characteristic of the ultrasonic guided wave sent by the piezoelectric transmitting probe;
the first piezoelectric receiving probe is connected with the input end of the control system through the low-pass filter and the signal collector in sequence;
the second piezoelectric receiving probe is connected with the control system through the high-pass filter and the signal collector in sequence.
Therefore, the damage detection method based on the ultrasonic guided wave linear and nonlinear characteristics is adopted, meanwhile, the linear and nonlinear characteristics of the ultrasonic guided wave are utilized, the distorted waveform is returned when the ultrasonic guided wave encounters damage based on the linear characteristic wave, and the nonlinear characteristic wave can generate frequency multiplication benefits when passing through a contact nonlinear structure, so that the damage detection method is suitable for nondestructive detection of a power transmission tower structure, can simultaneously detect external damage of angle steel and looseness of bolts, basically covers main damage conditions of the power transmission tower, can evaluate the safety of the power transmission tower more perfectly and accurately, and has the advantages of large detection range, strong anti-interference performance, low cost, more accurate detection results and the like.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting it, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical scheme of the invention can be modified or replaced by the same, and the modified technical scheme cannot deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The damage detection method based on ultrasonic guided wave linear and nonlinear characteristics is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging a detection device:
symmetrically and equidistantly adhering a plurality of piezoelectric transmitting probes to folds in the center of a transverse material at one side of a power transmission tower to be detected by utilizing conductive epoxy resin;
adhering a first piezoelectric receiving probe to a crease in the center of a transverse material on the other side of the power transmission tower to be detected by utilizing conductive epoxy resin;
a plurality of second piezoelectric receiving probes are respectively stuck on the power transmission tower to be detected in a one-to-one correspondence manner by utilizing conductive epoxy resin;
s2, establishing a simulation model, and selecting ultrasonic guided waves according to a simulation result;
s3, sending an instruction to a signal generator through a control system of the detection device, amplifying the ultrasonic guided wave determined by a simulation result by the signal generator through a power development device, then guiding the ultrasonic guided wave into a piezoelectric transmitting probe, and converting the amplified ultrasonic guided wave into a vibration signal by the piezoelectric transmitting probe;
s4, transmitting vibration signals along a transmission tower to be tested, and respectively collecting linear signal characteristics and nonlinear signal characteristics of ultrasonic guided waves by using a first piezoelectric probe and a second piezoelectric probe;
s5, inputting the signal received by the first piezoelectric receiving probe into a low-pass filter, inputting the processed signal into a control system through a signal collector, and analyzing the damage type based on the linear signal characteristic that the ultrasonic guided wave generates waveform distortion after passing through a defective plate-shaped structure in the control system;
meanwhile, a signal received by the second piezoelectric probe is input into a high-pass filter, the processed signal is input into a control system through a signal collector, and in the control system, the characteristics of a frequency multiplication signal and a nonlinear signal with steep amplitude are generated after ultrasonic guided waves pass through a loosened bolt structure, so that whether the bolt is loosened is judged;
s6, outputting a security assessment report according to the result of the step S5.
2. The method for detecting damage based on ultrasonic guided wave linear and nonlinear characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: step by stepThe transverse material of the power transmission tower to be detected in the step S1 is made of Q235 steel, the thickness of the steel is 8mm, and the propagation speed of longitudinal waves in the steel is 5920 m.s -1 The transverse wave propagation speed is 3230 m.s -1 。
3. The method for detecting damage based on ultrasonic guided wave linear and nonlinear characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in step S1, the second piezoelectric receiving probe is disposed on a node board of the power transmission tower to be tested, and is disposed on a side of the bolt facing away from the piezoelectric transmitting probe.
4. The method for detecting damage based on ultrasonic guided wave linear and nonlinear characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: and in the step S1, the precision of the first piezoelectric receiving probe and the second piezoelectric receiving probe both meet 2MHz-2.5MHz, and the error is smaller than 6dB.
5. The method for detecting damage based on ultrasonic guided wave linear and nonlinear characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in step S2, according to the material type and the geometric dimension of the node structure of the power transmission tower to be tested, a dispersion curve is drawn, and a symmetrical mode S is selected 0 And asymmetric modality A 0 The low-frequency sinusoidal lamb wave of (2) is used as an ultrasonic guided wave, and the frequency of the ultrasonic guided wave is between 120KHZ and 200 KHZ.
6. The method for detecting damage based on ultrasonic guided wave linear and nonlinear characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in step S5, the control system sequentially performs analog-to-digital conversion and signal averaging processing on the plurality of signals acquired by the received first piezoelectric receiving probe, and then analyzes the damage type.
7. Damage detection device based on ultrasonic guided wave linearity and nonlinear characteristic, its characterized in that: comprises a control system, a signal transmitting part and a signal receiving part;
the signal transmitting part comprises a signal generator, a power amplifier and a piezoelectric transmitting probe which are sequentially connected with the output end of the control system;
the signal receiving part comprises a first piezoelectric receiving probe and a second piezoelectric receiving probe which are used for respectively receiving the linear characteristic and the nonlinear characteristic of the ultrasonic guided wave sent by the piezoelectric transmitting probe;
the first piezoelectric receiving probe is connected with the input end of the control system through the low-pass filter and the signal collector in sequence;
the second piezoelectric receiving probe is connected with the control system through the high-pass filter and the signal collector in sequence.
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| CN114813973A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-07-29 | 浙江大学 | Bolt loosening detection method combining time reversal technology and BP neural network |
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| CN112014470A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-01 | 山东大学 | Quantitative assessment method and system for bolt connection state |
| CN113325075A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-31 | 浙江工业大学 | Nonlinear wave detection method for high-cycle fatigue damage of metal sheet |
| CN114813973A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-07-29 | 浙江大学 | Bolt loosening detection method combining time reversal technology and BP neural network |
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