CN103245726B - Method for detecting material hydrogen damage through ultrasonic surface waves - Google Patents
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- CN103245726B CN103245726B CN201310111980.8A CN201310111980A CN103245726B CN 103245726 B CN103245726 B CN 103245726B CN 201310111980 A CN201310111980 A CN 201310111980A CN 103245726 B CN103245726 B CN 103245726B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for detecting material hydrogen damage through ultrasonic surface waves. The device comprises high-frequency ultrasonic surface wave emitting and receiving probes, a substrate, a guide rail, locating nuts and a portable industrial personal computer, wherein the two probes are arranged on the guide rail at the middle of the substrate and are fixed by the locating nuts in a clamping manner, and the substrate is arranged on an apparatus or a material to be detected; and the portable industrial personal computer comprises a data collecting module, an emitting module, a signal processing module, a power amplifying module, an A/D (analog/digital) converting module, a signal generating module, a software control platform and connecting wires, and the portable industrial personal computer is used for operating and controlling. The method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps: (1) applying the detecting device; (2) setting the software control platform; (3) generating ultrasonic surface waves; (4) propagating the ultrasonic surface waves and converting signals; (5) converting a voltage signal into a digital signal; and (6) detecting the hydrogen damage degree of the apparatus or material. The device is light, convenient to carry and capable of performing online nondestructive testing on hydrogenating and hydroreforming apparatuses and materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of nondestructive inspection of metal material, in particular to the device and method being detected (metal) material hydrogen damage by ultrasonic surface wave, detect the detection method of the early stage hydrogen damage of austenite material especially by ultrasonic surface wave.
Background technology
The hydrogen damage of metal comprises the situations such as hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen blister and hydrogen induced cracking, wherein, hydrogen embrittlement can recover, and hydrogen blister and hydrogen induced cracking are permanent, therefore, the degree that the initial stage of damaging at metallic hydrogen just can evaluate hydrogen damage has very important significance.At present, the method evaluating metal material hydrogen attack degree adopts material mechanical performance testing method usually, because the method belongs to destructive method, the method is not adopted to detect for in-service equipment, need to adopt the degree of Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement to hydrogen-contacting equipment hydrogen damage to evaluate, and develop a kind of can the method for real-time direct-detection hydrogen-contacting equipment hydrogen damage degree online, therefore, described Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement and method are to ensureing that the safe and reliable operation tool of hydrogen-contacting equipment is of great significance.
Existing ultrasonic detection method mainly concentrates on the sign of bulk wave (i.e. compressional wave and shear wave) for hydrogen damage degree.In this respect, the people such as Watanabe, by using longitudinal wave velocity and transverse wave speed, find that this two indices decreases at least 10% and 7% than undamaged material velocity of wave.By people such as O ' Connell, Budiansky and Temple() theoretical research show: the microfissure in material can affect integral, flexible modulus, thus reduces longitudinal wave velocity V
lwith transverse wave speed V
s, they once predicted: V
lminimizing more than the minimizing of Vs.So hydrogen attack will increase V
l/ V
s.Due to
, that is: detection hydrogen attack detects with or without hydrogen-type corrosion by the ratio of shear wave longitudinal wave propagation time, and does not need to know the thickness by sample material.Metal is not when having hydrogen damage, and the velocity of propagation of shear wave in steel is 3230 m/s, and the velocity of propagation of compressional wave in steel is 5900 m/s, and by above for it substitution formula, obtaining Bob is in length and breadth 0.5477, and this is the ratio not being subject to hydrogen damage material.This respect Watanabe sums up: if V
s/ V
ljust think when being greater than 0.55 and create hydrogen-type corrosion in metal.But see with practical conditions, this kind of method is applicable to detect the material that serious hydrogen damage occurs.
At present, the development of ultrasound examination hydrogen damage technology mainly concentrates on the detection method aspect of bulk wave, but, due to the integral material attribute on bulk wave exosyndrome material thickness direction, and actual facing in hydrogen environment has certain hydrogen concentration gradient, so the damaed cordition of material can be not quite similar.If adopt bulk wave to go to characterize, need the wall thickness knowing material, and material in use sometimes can produce the situation of wall thickness reduction, be not easy to the detection implementing bulk wave.And adopt Bob method in length and breadth to judge, can only judge the serious hydrogen damage of material and not damage, the hydrogen damage initial stage for material then can not judge preferably.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of device by ultrasonic surface wave test material hydrogen damage, it can detect the situation of hydrogenation plant and hydrogen-contacting equipment hydrogen damage, avoids the generation causing accident because of hydrogen damage; Another object of the present invention is; according to described device; a kind of method by ultrasonic surface wave test material hydrogen damage is provided; it is simple that the method has scheme; easy to operate advantage; can realize, to the nondestructive evaluation of hydrogenation plant, hydrogen-contacting equipment and material hydrogen damage degree, to the safety of chemical oil refining's equipment and the maintenance of equipment, there is very positive effect.
For achieving the above object, this invention takes following technical scheme.
By a device for ultrasonic surface wave test material hydrogen damage, it is characterized in that, comprise the transmitting of high frequency ultrasound surface wave, receiving system and portable industrial pc; Described high frequency ultrasound surface wave emitting-receiving system comprises high frequency ultrasound surface wave transmitting probe, high frequency ultrasound surface wave receiving transducer, substrate, guide rail and setscrew nut, described high frequency ultrasound surface wave transmitting probe, high frequency ultrasound surface wave receiving transducer are arranged on the guide rail in the middle of substrate, fixed by setscrew nut screens, described substrate is placed on Devices to test or material; Described portable industrial pc comprises data acquisition module, transmitter module, signal processing module, power amplifier module, A/D modular converter, signal generating module, software control platform and connecting line thereof, described software control platform is by signal generating module, power amplifier module, transmitter module to high frequency ultrasound surface wave transmitting probe output signal, and the output of transmitter module is connected with the input end of high frequency ultrasound surface wave transmitting probe; The output of described high frequency ultrasound surface wave receiving transducer is connected with the input end of described data acquisition module, the signal Input Software parametric controller that the signal that described data acquisition module receives from high frequency ultrasound surface wave receiving transducer will be processed by signal processing module, A/D modular converter, carries out operation and controlling by portable industrial pc.
Further, described high frequency ultrasound surface wave transmitting probe, high frequency ultrasound surface wave receiving transducer are arranged in the middle of substrate on same guide rail, fix their distances each other on same guide rail by different setscrew nuts.
Further, described high frequency ultrasound surface wave transmitting probe, high frequency ultrasound surface wave receiving transducer are arranged on guide rails different in the middle of substrate, fix their distances on different guide rail by different setscrew nuts.
Further, described high frequency ultrasound surface wave transmitting probe, high frequency ultrasound surface wave receiving transducer all match with voussoir, thus generation is changed by the waveform pattern of compressional wave to surface wave.
For achieving the above object, this invention takes following technical scheme.
By a method for ultrasonic surface wave test material hydrogen damage, it is characterized in that, comprise following steps:
(1) application of pick-up unit
High frequency ultrasound surface wave transmitting probe, high frequency ultrasound surface wave receiving transducer are arranged on the guide rail in the middle of substrate, position is fixed with setscrew nut, control the detecting distance of described transmitting probe and receiving transducer well, described transmitting probe and receiving transducer coat couplant, described substrate is posted on Devices to test or material;
(2) setting of software control platform
The Labview data processing software write based on USPC-3100 ultrasound data acquisition card is set in software control platform, the parameter of the frequency transmitted by described software set, excitation frequency, gain, probe transceiver mode, then, by software control platform trigger signal pulse;
(3) ultrasonic surface wave is produced
The signal that software control platform triggers causes p-wave model by signal generating module, power amplifier module, transmitter module and high frequency ultrasound surface wave transmitting probe, caused the patten transformation of ripple by surface wave voussoir, thus produce ultrasound wave, the i.e. ultrasonic surface wave propagated at Devices to test or material surface;
(4) conversion of ultrasonic surface wave propagation and signal
After the ultrasonic surface wave that step (3) produces propagates a segment distance along described guide rail direction on Devices to test or material, arrive high frequency ultrasound surface wave receiving transducer, now, mechanical oscillation signal converts voltage signal to, described voltage signal to be gathered intercepted signal by data acquisition module and carries out process data processing by signal processing module, obtains simulating signal;
(5) voltage signal conversion digital signal
After voltage signal described in step (4) is processed by data acquisition module, signal processing module, then become digital signal by A/D modular converter, described digital signal enters software control platform;
(6) the hydrogen damage degree of checkout equipment or material
Carry out analyzing and processing by the digital signal of interactive Labview data processing software to step (5) in software control platform, can detect or judge the hydrogen damage degree of Devices to test or material; Described software control platform is by the operation and controlling of portable industrial pc.
Further, Labview data processing software described in step (2) is the software write based on USPC-3100 ultrasound data acquisition card, in described software, " Pulse " module is the selected of pulse, the frequency mainly arranging voltage swing and match with probe; " Receiver " module is the setting of probe pattern, can be set as transmitting probe, receiving transducer and aggregate transmission and accept single-shot-mono-receipts pattern of function; " Gain " module is the adjustment of signal gain; " A-Scan " module is the setting of A sweep, can setup times starting point and coordinate interval, delay function, velocity of wave in material and waveform display mode; " Gate1 " and " Gate2 " is the setting of door I and door II, can set the width of door, reference position and height, the ultrasonic signal within the scope of intercepting; The value obtained after the data processing that TOF value obtains for door, represents ultrasonic surface wave experience transmitting probe to the time required for accepting to pop one's head in.
Further, the couplant described in step (1) is glycerol type couplant.
The present invention is good effect:
(1) pick-up unit equipment is light and handy, easy to carry, and instrumentation is flexible, and probe and voussoir install or remove convenient.
(2) detection method is applicable to the hydrogen damage detection of in-service hydrogenation plant and hydrogen-contacting equipment and material, can overcome the limitation of conventional compressional wave assessment hydrogen damage method, reduce the intensity of manual detection, save man power and material.
(3) in-service equipment is without the need to stopping work, and can carry out on-line monitoring and Non-Destructive Testing to equipment.
(4) testing process cost is low, and the destructiveness without the need to utility appliance or associated materials is assessed, and has very positive effect to the safety of chemical oil refining's equipment and the maintenance of equipment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention by the device of ultrasonic surface wave test material hydrogen damage.
Fig. 2 is the schematic block diagram of portable industrial pc testing circuit.
Fig. 3 is software operating platform.
Fig. 4 is hydrogen concentration and ultrasonic surface wave graph of a relation.
Label in figure is respectively:
01, Devices to test or material; 1, high frequency ultrasound surface wave transmitting probe; 2, high frequency ultrasound surface wave receiving transducer;
3, substrate; 4, guide rail; 5, setscrew nut;
6, data acquisition module; 7, transmitter module; 8, signal processing module;
9, power amplifier module; 10, A/D modular converter; 11, signal generating module;
12, software control platform; 13, portable industrial pc.
Embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is introduced below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.But it may be noted that enforcement of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
See Fig. 1.By a device for ultrasonic surface wave test material hydrogen damage, comprise high frequency ultrasound surface wave transmitting probe 1, high frequency ultrasound surface wave receiving transducer 2, substrate 3, guide rail 4, setscrew nut 5 and portable industrial pc 13.
High frequency ultrasound surface wave transmitting probe 1, high frequency ultrasound surface wave receiving transducer 2 are arranged on the same guide rail 4 in the middle of substrate 3, with different setscrew nuts 5 respectively screens they to be fixed on guide rail 4 and to maintain a certain distance.Described high frequency ultrasound surface wave transmitting probe 1, high frequency ultrasound surface wave receiving transducer 2 can produce to be changed by the waveform pattern of compressional wave to surface wave.Described substrate 3, for arranging guide rail 4, installing the base structure of described transmitting probe 1 and receiving transducer 2, only arranges a guide rail 4 in the middle of substrate 3.Described transmitting probe 1 and receiving transducer 2 are placed on Devices to test or material 01 by described substrate 3.
See Fig. 2.Described portable industrial pc 13 comprises data acquisition module 6, transmitter module 7, signal processing module 8, power amplifier module 9, A/D modular converter 10, signal generating module 11, software control platform 12(Labview data processing software) and connecting line.Described software control platform 12 is outputed signal to high frequency ultrasound surface wave transmitting probe 1 by signal generating module 11, power amplifier module 9, transmitter module 7, its annexation is: the side of software control platform 12 is connected with signal generating module 11, the output terminal of signal generating module 11 is connected with the input end of power amplifier module 9, the output terminal of power amplifier module 9 is connected with the input end of transmitter module 7, is connected with the input end of high frequency ultrasound surface wave transmitting probe 1 by the output terminal of transmitter module 7.
Software control platform 12 is by acquisition module 6, signal processing module 8, A/D modular converter 10 receives the signal that high frequency ultrasound surface wave receiving transducer 2 exports, its annexation is: by the input end of data acquisition module 6 and being connected of high frequency ultrasound surface wave receiving transducer 2 output terminal, the output terminal of data acquisition module 6 is connected with the input end of signal processing module 8, and (signal processing module 8 comprises corresponding filtering and amplifying circuit, the signal that data acquisition module 6 inputs is processed accordingly), the output terminal of signal processing module 8 is connected with the input end of A/D modular converter 10, A/D modular converter 10 is connected to software control platform 12(signal and enters software control platform 12 and carry out treatment and analysis after A/D conversion), operation and controlling is carried out by portable industrial pc 13.
In above-mentioned annexation, the output terminal of A/D modular converter 10 and the input end of signal generating module 11 and software control platform 12(Labview data processing software) be connected.Whole data acquisition modules 6, transmitter module 7, signal processing module 8, power amplifier module 9, A/D modular converter 10, signal generating module 11 and software control platform 12(Labview data processing software) form the complete content of portable industrial pc 13.
The present invention, by the method for ultrasonic surface wave test material hydrogen damage, comprises following steps:
(1) application of pick-up unit
High frequency ultrasound surface wave transmitting probe 1, high frequency ultrasound surface wave receiving transducer 2 are arranged on the guide rail 4 in the middle of substrate 3, position is fixed with setscrew nut 5, control the detecting distance of described transmitting probe and receiving transducer well, described transmitting probe 1 with receiving transducer 2 coat couplant, described substrate 3 is posted on Devices to test or material 01.
(2) setting of software control platform 12
The Labview data processing software write based on USPC-3100 ultrasound data acquisition card is set in software control platform 12, the parameter of the frequency transmitted by described software set, excitation frequency, gain, probe transceiver mode, then, by software control platform 12 trigger signal pulse.
(3) ultrasonic surface wave is produced
The signal that software control platform 12 triggers causes p-wave model by signal generating module 11, power amplifier module 9, transmitter module 7 and high frequency ultrasound surface wave transmitting probe 1, caused the patten transformation of ripple by surface wave voussoir, thus produce ultrasound wave, the i.e. ultrasonic surface wave propagated at Devices to test or material 01 surface.
(4) conversion of ultrasonic surface wave propagation and signal
After the ultrasonic surface wave that step (3) produces propagates a segment distance along described guide rail 4 direction on Devices to test or material 01, arrive high frequency ultrasound surface wave receiving transducer 2, now, mechanical oscillation signal converts voltage signal to, the signal that described voltage signal is intercepted by data acquisition module 6 opposite house again carries out gathering and carries out process data processing by signal processing module 8, obtains simulating signal.
(5) voltage signal conversion digital signal
After voltage signal described in step (4) is processed by data acquisition module 6, signal processing module 8, then become digital signal by A/D modular converter 10, described digital signal enters software control platform 12.
(6) the hydrogen damage degree of checkout equipment or material
Carry out analyzing and processing by the digital signal of interactive Labview data processing software to step (5) in software control platform 12, can detect or judge the hydrogen damage degree of Devices to test or material 01; Described software control platform 12 is by the operation and controlling of portable industrial pc 13.
See Fig. 3.Described Labview data processing software is the software operating platform adopting Labview language to write based on USPC-3100 ultrasound data acquisition card.The parameter of the frequency transmitted by described software set, excitation frequency, gain, probe transceiver mode, then, by software control platform 12 trigger signal pulse.In described Labview data processing software:
Pulse module for arrange pulse, voltage swing and with the setting of the frequency matched of popping one's head in, pattern of pop one's head in (send-receive pattern, and aggregate transmission and accept single-shot-mono-receipts pattern of function).
" Receiver " module is the setting of probe pattern, can be set as transmitting probe, receiving transducer, and aggregate transmission and accept single-shot-mono-receipts pattern of function.
Gain module is used for the gain of conditioning signal.
A-Scan module is used for the setting of A sweep, can setup times starting point and coordinate interval, delay function, velocity of wave in material and waveform display mode.
Gate1 and Gate2 is the setting of an I and door II, for setting the width of door, reference position and height, be used for intercepting the ultrasonic signal within the scope of described door I and door II, then the signal intercepted by data acquisition module 6 opposite house I and door II processes, obtain the parameters,acoustic of being correlated with, data acquisition mainly relies on data acquisition module 6 to carry out.
The value obtained after the data processing that TOF value obtains for door, represents ultrasonic surface wave experience high frequency ultrasound surface wave transmitting probe 1, time required for high frequency ultrasound surface wave receiving transducer 2.
The present invention can change probe and the voussoir of different frequency at any time by the device of ultrasonic surface wave test material hydrogen damage, and can demonstrate the wave height of sound wave and ultrasonic signal from the time value being energized into acceptance and experiencing.The signal (ultrasound data) accepted is by software control platform 12(Labview data processing software) carry out data processing: according to the TOF value reckoner surface wave velocity between two echoes, distance is then the sample thickness of twice, the accuracy of detection of TOF value is 5ns, and surface wave velocity of wave metrical error is at Δ V=± 1m/s.
See Fig. 4.The present invention by the principle of the device and method of ultrasonic surface wave test material hydrogen damage is:
As can be seen from Figure 4, as average hydrogen concentration Cavg=33ppm, it is very fast that surface wave velocity of wave has a turning point to decline.The critical hydrogen concentration of hydrogen-induced martensite phase transformation is C*=30ppm.When hydrogen concentration has a graded phenomenon along with the degree of depth, the region the closer to surface is easier first arrives critical hydrogen concentration.Thus, in first half section linear change region, the change of surface wave velocity of wave is mild, this is mainly subject to the impact of a martensite/austenite Mixed Zone, due to now in surface wave coverage (for 10 MHz frequencies, wavelength is about 0.32mm), the region little on top layer there occurs phase transformation, and the material properties in whole region is still partial to austenitic material properties.And comparatively large at the slope of second half section linear change, velocity of wave changes reason faster and can think, mainly receives the impact of martensitic traoformation.Along with the increase of filling the hydrogen time, the concentration level in whole region on average reaches critical concentration, so whole region all can have martensitic traoformation to occur, therefore, and material properties deflection martensite.By the corresponding relation that electrochemical method and surface wave velocity of wave are set up, can know: when velocity of wave is 2840m/s, start the hydrogen damage of early period of origination.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from the inventive method; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1., by a method for ultrasonic surface wave test material hydrogen damage, it is characterized in that, comprise following steps:
(1) application of pick-up unit
High frequency ultrasound surface wave transmitting probe (1), high frequency ultrasound surface wave receiving transducer (2) are arranged on the guide rail (4) in the middle of substrate (3), position is fixed with setscrew nut (5), control the detecting distance of described transmitting probe and receiving transducer well, described transmitting probe (1) with receiving transducer (2) coat couplant, described substrate (3) is posted on Devices to test or material (01);
(2) setting of software control platform (12)
The Labview data processing software write based on USPC-3100 ultrasound data acquisition card is set in software control platform (12), the parameter of the frequency transmitted by described software set, excitation frequency, gain, probe transceiver mode, then, by software control platform (12) trigger signal pulse;
(3) ultrasonic surface wave is produced
The signal that software control platform (12) triggers causes p-wave model by signal generating module (11), power amplifier module (9), transmitter module (7) and high frequency ultrasound surface wave transmitting probe (1), caused the patten transformation of ripple by surface wave voussoir, thus produce ultrasound wave, the i.e. ultrasonic surface wave propagated at Devices to test or material (01) surface;
(4) conversion of ultrasonic surface wave propagation and signal
After the ultrasonic surface wave that step (3) produces propagates a segment distance along described guide rail (4) direction on Devices to test or material (01), arrive high frequency ultrasound surface wave receiving transducer (2), now, mechanical oscillation signal converts voltage signal to, described voltage signal to be gathered intercepted voltage signal by data acquisition module (6) and carries out data processing by signal processing module (8), obtains simulating signal;
(5) voltage signal conversion digital signal
After voltage signal described in step (4) is processed by data acquisition module (6), signal processing module (8), then become digital signal by A/D modular converter (10), described digital signal enters software control platform (12);
(6) the hydrogen damage degree of checkout equipment or material
Carry out analyzing and processing by the digital signal of interactive Labview data processing software to step (5) in software control platform (12), can detect or judge the hydrogen damage degree of Devices to test or material (01); Described software control platform (12) is by the operation and controlling of portable industrial pc (13).
2. the method by ultrasonic surface wave test material hydrogen damage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, Labview data processing software described in step (2) is the software write based on USPC-3100 ultrasound data acquisition card, in described software, " Pulse " module is the selected of pulse, the frequency mainly arranging voltage swing and match with probe; " Receiver " module is the setting of probe pattern, can be set as transmitting probe, receiving transducer and aggregate transmission and accept single-shot-mono-receipts pattern of function; " Gain " module is the adjustment of signal gain; " A-Scan " module is the setting of A sweep, can setup times starting point and coordinate interval, delay function, velocity of wave in material and waveform display mode; " Gate1 " and " Gate2 " is the setting of door I and door II, for setting the width of described door I and door II, reference position and height, intercepts the ultrasonic signal within the scope of described door I and door II; The value obtained after the data processing that TOF value obtains for described door I and door II, represents ultrasonic surface wave experience transmitting probe to the time required for accepting to pop one's head in.
3. the method by ultrasonic surface wave test material hydrogen damage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the couplant described in step (1) is glycerol type couplant.
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| CN104792864A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-07-22 | 华东交通大学 | Integrated train axle ultrasonic testing device and method |
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| CN111024593A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-04-17 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic flaw detection imaging system and control method thereof |
| CN113176331B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-11-08 | 国能锅炉压力容器检验有限公司 | Method for detecting hydrogen damage of material through ultrasonic circumferential guided wave sound velocity |
| CN113176332B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-11-08 | 国能锅炉压力容器检验有限公司 | Method for detecting hydrogen damage of material through ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity |
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