CN113176332B - Method for detecting hydrogen damage of material through ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity - Google Patents

Method for detecting hydrogen damage of material through ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity Download PDF

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CN113176332B
CN113176332B CN202110332908.2A CN202110332908A CN113176332B CN 113176332 B CN113176332 B CN 113176332B CN 202110332908 A CN202110332908 A CN 202110332908A CN 113176332 B CN113176332 B CN 113176332B
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guided wave
hydrogen
axial
ultrasonic
sound velocity
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CN113176332A (en
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王强
蒋海涛
郝晓军
陶业成
纳日苏
常青
张曰涛
代小号
许永胜
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Guoneng Boiler And Pressure Vessel Inspection Co ltd
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Guoneng Boiler And Pressure Vessel Inspection Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/041—Analysing solids on the surface of the material, e.g. using Lamb, Rayleigh or shear waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/24—Probes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/30—Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0423—Surface waves, e.g. Rayleigh waves, Love waves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for detecting hydrogen damage of a material through ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity, which comprises the steps of manufacturing a group of original reference test blocks, performing a hydrogen permeation test on the original reference test blocks, manufacturing an axial hydrogen damage comparison test block group, setting up an ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity detection system, testing the axial guided wave sound velocity of the axial hydrogen damage comparison test block group, measuring the average hydrogen concentration, drawing an axial guided wave sound velocity-average hydrogen concentration reference curve, and detecting the hydrogen damage degree of a hydrogen equipment to be detected in service. The method finds out the corresponding relation between the axial guided wave sound velocity change and the material hydrogen damage degree, draws a material axial guided wave sound velocity-material average hydrogen concentration reference curve, and further evaluates the hydrogen damage condition of chemical refining hydrogenation equipment and hydrogen equipment which have smaller internal diameter in service and can not enter or stop. The invention has low cost in the detection process, does not need to stop the detected in-service hydrogenation equipment, and has very positive effect on monitoring the hydrogen damage of the in-service chemical oil refining hydrogenation equipment.

Description

Method for detecting hydrogen damage of material through ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nondestructive inspection of metal materials, in particular to a method for detecting hydrogen damage of a metal material through ultrasonic guided waves, and particularly relates to a method for detecting hydrogen damage of the material through change of the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity.
Background
Hydrogen damage to metals includes hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen blistering, and hydrogen induced cracking, among other things, where hydrogen embrittlement is recoverable and hydrogen blistering and hydrogen induced cracking are permanent, and thus it is of great importance to be able to assess the extent of hydrogen damage in the early stages of metal hydrogen damage. At present, a method for evaluating the hydrogen damage degree of a metal material generally adopts a material mechanical property detection method, and the method belongs to a destructive method, so that in-service equipment cannot be detected by adopting the method.
The existing in-service equipment detection material hydrogen damage nondestructive inspection method mainly focuses on the characterization of the hydrogen damage degree by ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound velocity VL and transverse wave sound velocity VS. Theoretical studies show that: microcracks in the material affect the bulk elastic modulus, thereby reducing the longitudinal wave velocity VL and the transverse wave velocity VS, the longitudinal wave velocity VL and the transverse wave velocity VS of the hydrogen damaged material being reduced by at least 10% and 7% respectively, the percentage of VL reduction being greater than the percentage of VS reduction, compared to the material without hydrogen damage. Therefore, hydrogen damage will increase the value of VS/VL, and VS, VL are measured separately, and the ratio is calculated to measure the degree of hydrogen damage to the material. The hydrogen damage detection by adopting the existing ultrasonic longitudinal wave and transverse wave has the advantages that the hydrogen damage of the material can be detected under the condition of non-damage to the material; the method has the disadvantages that if ultrasonic longitudinal wave and transverse wave body waves are adopted for representation, the wall thickness of the material needs to be known, and the condition of wall thickness reduction sometimes occurs in the use process of the material, so that the corresponding relation cannot be established; on the other hand, if the material is judged by the aspect ratio method, only the material can be judged to be seriously damaged and undamaged by hydrogen, and the initial stage of the hydrogen damage of the material cannot be judged well.
The publication number is: 103245726B, a method for detecting hydrogen damage of a material by using an ultrasonic surface wave is introduced, which has a core technology that a corresponding relation between the ultrasonic wave speed of the material and the hydrogen damage of the material is established, and the hydrogen damage degree of the material can be obtained by measuring the ultrasonic wave speed of the material. The method has the advantages that the corresponding relation between the wave speed of the ultrasonic surface wave of the material and the average hydrogen concentration in a certain depth of the surface of the material is established, and the hydrogen damage degree of the material on the detected surface of the material can be detected and judged; the energy of the ultrasonic surface wave is rapidly weakened along with the increase of the propagation depth, and the depth of a detection material is generally 2 times of the ultrasonic wavelength; while the pressure vessel or pressure pipeline of the petrochemical system hydrogenation equipment or the hydrogenation equipment is in operation, the inner wall of the equipment is a hydrogen contact surface. Therefore, if the hydrogen damage degree of the inner wall of the material is detected by adopting the ultrasonic surface wave, the detection should be carried out on the inner wall of the equipment, and the detection cannot be carried out on the equipment with small inner diameter and no access or shutdown.
Therefore, it is necessary to invent a method for detecting hydrogen damage of a material by ultrasonic guided waves, which can perform online nondestructive detection of hydrogen damage of the material on equipment with smaller inner diameter and incapable of entering or stopping.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing method for detecting the hydrogen damage of the material by the ultrasonic surface wave, the invention provides a method for detecting the hydrogen damage of the material by the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity, which has the advantages of simple scheme and convenient operation and can realize the on-line nondestructive detection of the hydrogen damage of the material on chemical oil refining hydrogenation and hydrogen-contacting equipment with smaller inner diameter and incapable of entering or stopping.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for detecting hydrogen damage of a material by ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity comprises the following steps:
step 1: making a group of original reference blocks;
the number of the original reference blocks is 6, and the 6 original reference blocks have the same size and are numbered from S0 to S5;
step 2: carrying out a hydrogen permeation test on the original reference block;
carrying out a high-temperature high-pressure hydrogen permeation test on the original reference block with the serial number of S5 until hydrogen bubbling or hydrogen induced cracking is just generated, and recording the duration as H;
and step 3: manufacturing an axial hydrogen damage comparison test block group;
performing a hydrogen permeation test on four original reference test blocks with the numbers of S1-S4 under the same test environment, wherein the test time of the hydrogen permeation test of the original reference test block S1 is 0.2H, the test time of the hydrogen permeation test of the original reference test block S2 is 0.4H, the test time of the hydrogen permeation test of the original reference test block S3 is 0.6H, and the test time of the hydrogen permeation test of the original reference test block S4 is 0.8H;
defining 5 original reference blocks in total of S1-S5 which finish the hydrogen permeation test as an axial hydrogen damage comparison block group, and renumbering the original reference blocks as SH 1-SH 5 number axial hydrogen damage reference blocks; the original reference block of S0 is the original reference block which is not subjected to the hydrogen permeation test;
and 4, step 4: setting up an ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity detection system;
the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity detection system comprises a multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector and an ultrasonic guided wave probe, wherein the ultrasonic guided wave probe comprises one transmitting guided wave probe and one receiving guided wave probe, and the transmitting guided wave probe and the receiving guided wave probe are both connected to the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector;
and 5: testing the axial guided wave sound velocity of the axial hydrogen damage comparison test block group;
sequentially measuring the sound velocity of the ultrasonic axial guided wave in SH 1-SH 5 axial hydrogen damage comparison test blocks by using an ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity detection system, wherein the corresponding values are Vd1, vd2, vd3, vd4 and Vd5;
measuring the sound velocity of the ultrasonic axial guided wave in the original reference block of the No. S0 without the hydrogen permeation test, wherein the corresponding value is Vd0
Step 6: measuring the average concentration content of hydrogen in SH 1-SH 5 number axial hydrogen damage reference test blocks by using a hydrogen determinator, and respectively and correspondingly obtaining the average hydrogen concentrations a, b, c, d and e in the test blocks;
and 7: drawing an axial guided wave sound velocity-average hydrogen concentration reference curve;
and 8: and detecting the hydrogen damage degree of the in-service equipment to be detected.
Preferably, in the step 1, the original comparison test block is made of a material of the non-used equipment to be subjected to hydrogen generation, and the material and the thickness of the original comparison test block are consistent with those of the equipment to be subjected to hydrogen generation to be detected in service.
Preferably, in step 2, the hydrogen permeation test environment is selected according to the actual working parameters of the in-service equipment to be detected.
Preferably, in step 3, the SH 1-SH 5 number axial hydrogen damage reference blocks correspond to the hydrogen damage levels of 1-5-level in-service hydrogen equipment.
Preferably, in step 4, the transmitting guided wave probe and the receiving guided wave probe are fixedly arranged on the rigid probe support, and the fixed distance between the transmitting guided wave probe and the receiving guided wave probe is L.
Preferably, in step 4, the transmitting guided wave probe is connected to a transmitting signal interface of the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector through a signal line, and the receiving guided wave probe is connected to a receiving signal interface of the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector through a signal line.
Preferably, in step 5, the test process of the axial guided wave sound velocity of the axial hydrogen damage reference block is as follows:
the method comprises the steps that a transmitting guided wave probe is arranged at one end of the surface of an SH1 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block to transmit signals, a receiving guided wave probe is arranged at the other end of the surface of the SH1 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block to receive signals, the distance between the transmitting guided wave probe and the receiving guided wave probe is L, a multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector is started, ultrasonic guided waves are sent out by the transmitting guided wave probe, axial guided wave modes are propagated in the SH1 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block, then the receiving guided wave probes receive and guide the signals into the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector, and the signals are displayed by a liquid crystal panel of the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector; the propagation time of the ultrasonic guided wave in the SH1 axial hydrogen damage reference block measured by the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector is T1, and the following relational expression is provided:
Vd1＝L/T1； (1)
in the formula, vd1 is the acoustic velocity of ultrasonic axial guided waves in an SH1 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block;
by the same method, the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity Vd2 in the SH2 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block is measured, the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity Vd3 in the SH3 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block is measured, the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity Vd4 in the SH4 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block is measured, the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity Vd5 in the SH5 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block is measured, and the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity Vd0 in the S0 original comparison test block is measured.
Preferably, the average hydrogen concentration in the original reference block of S0 number is 0.
Preferably, the step 7 of drawing an axial guided wave sound velocity-average hydrogen concentration reference curve specifically includes:
and (3) drawing an axial guided wave sound velocity-average hydrogen concentration reference curve by using the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocities Vd0, vd1, vd2, vd3, vd4 and Vd5 obtained in the step (5) and the average hydrogen concentrations a, b, c, d, e and 0 obtained in the step (6), wherein the ordinate of the curve is the axial guided wave sound velocity, and the abscissa of the curve is the average hydrogen concentration content of the test block.
Preferably, the step 8 of detecting the hydrogen damage degree of the in-service equipment to be detected specifically includes:
sequentially and axially arranging a transmitting guided wave probe and a receiving guided wave probe on a pressure container or a pressure pipeline of the equipment to be detected in service, starting a multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector, wherein ultrasonic guided waves are transmitted by the transmitting guided wave probe, are propagated in an axial guided wave mode in the pressure container or the pressure pipeline of the equipment to be detected in service, are received by the receiving guided wave probe and are guided into the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector, and are displayed by a liquid crystal panel of the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector; the actual propagation time tau of the ultrasonic guided wave in the pressure vessel or pressure pipeline of the in-service equipment to be detected is measured by the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector, and then the following relation is provided:
Vds＝L/τ；
in the formula, vds is the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity in a pressure container or a pressure pipeline of the equipment to be detected in service;
and (4) obtaining the actual average hydrogen concentration of the pressure vessel or the pressure pipeline of the in-service equipment to be detected according to the axial guided wave sound velocity-average hydrogen concentration reference curve obtained in the step (7).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the axial guided wave sound velocity-average hydrogen concentration reference curve of the material is manufactured by means of the developed axial hydrogen damage comparison test block group, and the corresponding relation between the axial guided wave sound velocity change and the material hydrogen damage degree is established; and grading the hydrogen damage condition of the detected in-service hydrogen equipment by using the manufactured reference curve.
The axial hydrogen damage comparison test block group developed by the invention can realize the adjustment of the range of the damage level by adjusting the hydrogen permeation time of the test block, and has the advantage of wide test range.
The detection system provided by the invention has the advantages of light equipment, flexible instrument operation and convenience in mounting or dismounting the probe and the rigid probe bracket.
The method can measure the axial guided wave sound velocity of the material on the outer wall of the in-service hydrogen equipment, and realizes the hydrogen damage evaluation of the full-thickness dimension of the in-service hydrogen equipment, including the hydrogen damage degree information of the inner wall of the equipment. By finding out the corresponding relation between the axial guided wave sound velocity change and the material hydrogen damage degree, drawing a reference curve of the material axial guided wave sound velocity-material average hydrogen concentration, and further evaluating the hydrogen damage condition of chemical refining hydrogenation equipment and hydrogen equipment which have smaller internal diameter and can not enter or stop in service.
The detection process is low in cost, auxiliary equipment or destructive evaluation of related materials is not needed, the detected in-service hydrogenation equipment does not need to be shut down, and the method has a very positive effect on monitoring hydrogen damage of the in-service chemical oil refining hydrogenation equipment.
The amplitude parameter obtained by the invention is intuitive, the curve is simple to manufacture, and the detection efficiency is high.
The axial hydrogen damage comparison test block group used by the invention has the same specification and material as the in-service hydrogen equipment, can fully utilize the excess materials, saves resources and has low cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of detecting hydrogen damage of a material by ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity.
FIG. 2 is a reference graph of axial guided wave sound velocity-average hydrogen concentration.
1. A pressure vessel or pressure pipeline of the in-service equipment to be detected; 2. a rigid probe mount; 3. launching a guided wave probe; 4. receiving a guided wave probe; 5. a signal line; 6. a transmit signal interface; 7. a receive signal interface; 8. a multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, but are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated in a particular manner, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Ultrasonic guided waves are mechanical waves generated due to the existence of a medium boundary, can be propagated in a medium with a boundary, such as a container, a pipeline, a flat plate, a rod and the like, and have a propagation direction parallel to the boundary surface of the medium. In the pipe medium, ultrasonic guided waves exist in various waveforms such as longitudinal waves, torsional waves, and bending waves. The ultrasonic guided wave can propagate vibration in the whole medium boundary and can reflect the acoustic characteristics of the equipment in the whole thickness range. Therefore, the hydrogen damage of the hydrogen-contacting material can influence the overall elastic modulus of the material, thereby influencing the axial guided wave sound velocity of the material.
The invention is based on the ultrasonic guided wave technology, and makes a special hydrogen damage detection grading evaluation comparison test block group by means of a special guided wave hydrogen damage detection device, measures the axial guided wave sound velocity of a material on the outer wall of equipment, finds out the corresponding relation between the change of the axial guided wave sound velocity and the hydrogen damage degree of the material, draws a reference curve of the axial guided wave sound velocity of the material and the average hydrogen concentration of the material, and further evaluates the hydrogen damage condition of chemical refining hydrogenation equipment and hydrogen equipment which have smaller internal diameter in service and cannot enter or stop.
With reference to fig. 1 and fig. 2, a method for detecting hydrogen damage of a material by ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity includes the following steps:
step 1: making a group of original reference blocks;
the number of the original reference blocks is 6, and the 6 original reference blocks have the same size and are numbered from S0 to S5.
The original comparison test block is made of a material of the equipment which is not put into use and has the same material and thickness as the equipment to be detected in service.
In one embodiment, the width w of the original reference block is at least greater than the width of the ultrasonic guided wave probe, and 3 times of the width of the probe is taken, and the width is generally 30mm; the length of the original reference block is generally 350mm.
Step 2: carrying out a hydrogen permeation test on the original reference block;
and (3) carrying out a high-temperature high-pressure hydrogen permeation test on the original reference block with the serial number of S5 until hydrogen bubbling or hydrogen induced cracking is just generated, and recording the duration as H.
And selecting the hydrogen permeation test environment according to the actual working parameters of the equipment to be detected in service.
And 3, step 3: manufacturing an axial hydrogen damage comparison test block group;
performing a hydrogen permeation test on four original reference test blocks with the numbers of S1-S4 under the same test environment, wherein the test time of the hydrogen permeation test of the original reference test block S1 is 0.2H, the test time of the hydrogen permeation test of the original reference test block S2 is 0.4H, the test time of the hydrogen permeation test of the original reference test block S3 is 0.6H, and the test time of the hydrogen permeation test of the original reference test block S4 is 0.8H;
and defining 5 original reference blocks in total for S1-S5 which finish the hydrogen permeation test as an axial hydrogen damage comparison block group, and renumbering the reference blocks as SH 1-SH 5 number axial hydrogen damage comparison blocks.
SH 1-SH 5 number axial hydrogen damage comparison test blocks correspond to 1-5 grade hydrogen damage grades of in-service hydrogen equipment.
The original reference block of the number S0 is an original reference block which has not been subjected to the hydrogen permeation test.
And 4, step 4: setting up an ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity detection system;
the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity detection system comprises a multichannel ultrasonic guided wave detector 8 and an ultrasonic guided wave probe, wherein the ultrasonic guided wave probe comprises a transmitting guided wave probe 3 and a receiving guided wave probe 4, and the transmitting guided wave probe and the receiving guided wave probe are both connected to the multichannel ultrasonic guided wave detector. And selecting a transmission-reception working mode, and setting parameters such as frequency dispersion characteristic analysis, frequency selection and the like for the detection system.
Specifically, the transmitting guided wave probe 3 is connected 5 on a transmitting signal interface 6 of the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector through a signal wire, and the receiving guided wave probe 4 is connected on a receiving signal interface 7 of the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector through a signal wire.
The transmitting guided wave probe and the receiving guided wave probe can be fixedly arranged on the rigid probe bracket 2, and the fixed distance between the transmitting guided wave probe and the receiving guided wave probe is L (L is generally 300 mm).
And 5: testing the axial guided wave sound velocity of the axial hydrogen damage comparison test block group;
sequentially measuring the sound velocity of the ultrasonic axial guided wave in SH 1-SH 5 axial hydrogen damage comparison test blocks by using an ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity detection system, wherein the corresponding values are Vd1, vd2, vd3, vd4 and Vd5;
and measuring the sound velocity of the ultrasonic axial guided wave in the original S0 reference test block which is not subjected to the hydrogen permeation test, wherein the corresponding value is Vd0.
The test process of the axial guided wave sound velocity of the axial hydrogen damage reference block is as follows:
the method comprises the steps that a transmitting guided wave probe is arranged at one end of the surface of an SH1 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block to transmit signals, a receiving guided wave probe is arranged at the other end of the surface of the SH1 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block to receive signals, the distance between the transmitting guided wave probe and the receiving guided wave probe is L, a coupling agent is coated between the probe and the comparison test block, a multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector is started, ultrasonic guided waves are sent out by the transmitting guided wave probe, axial guided wave modes in the SH1 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block are propagated, then the receiving guided wave probe receives and guides the guided wave modes into the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector, and the guided wave modes are displayed by a liquid crystal panel of the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector; the propagation time of the ultrasonic guided wave in the SH1 axial hydrogen damage reference block measured by the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector is T1, and the following relational expression is provided:
Vd1＝L/T1； (1)
in the formula, vd1 is the acoustic velocity of ultrasonic axial guided waves in an SH1 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block;
by the same method, the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity Vd2 in the SH2 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block is measured, the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity Vd3 in the SH3 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block is measured, the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity Vd4 in the SH4 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block is measured, the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity Vd5 in the SH5 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block is measured, and the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity Vd0 in the S0 original comparison test block is measured.
Step 6: measuring the average concentration content of hydrogen in SH 1-SH 5 number axial hydrogen damage reference test blocks by using a hydrogen determinator, and respectively and correspondingly obtaining the average hydrogen concentrations a, b, c, d and e (unit: ppm) in the test blocks;
the average hydrogen concentration in the original reference block of S0 is 0.
And 7: drawing an axial guided wave sound velocity-average hydrogen concentration reference curve;
and (3) drawing an axial guided wave sound velocity-average hydrogen concentration reference curve by using the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocities Vd0, vd1, vd2, vd3, vd4 and Vd5 obtained in the step (5) and the average hydrogen concentrations a, b, c, d, e and 0 obtained in the step (6), wherein the ordinate of the curve is the axial guided wave sound velocity, and the abscissa of the curve is the average hydrogen concentration content of the test block.
And 8: detecting the hydrogen damage degree of the equipment to be detected in service;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
sequentially and axially arranging a transmitting guided wave probe and a receiving guided wave probe on a pressure container or a pressure pipeline 1 of a to-be-detected hydrogen device, wherein the transmitting guided wave probe and the receiving guided wave probe are separated by a distance L, starting a multichannel ultrasonic guided wave detector, transmitting ultrasonic guided waves by the transmitting guided wave probe, propagating in an axial guided wave mode in the pressure container or the pressure pipeline of the to-be-detected hydrogen device, receiving and guiding the ultrasonic guided waves into the multichannel ultrasonic guided wave detector by the receiving guided wave probe, and displaying the ultrasonic guided waves by a liquid crystal panel of the multichannel ultrasonic guided wave detector; the actual propagation time tau of the ultrasonic guided wave in the pressure vessel or pressure pipeline of the in-service equipment to be detected is measured by the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector, and then the following relation is provided:
Vds＝L/τ；
in the formula, vds is the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity in a pressure container or a pressure pipeline of the equipment to be detected in service;
the hydrogen damage level of the pressure vessel or the pressure pipeline of the in-service equipment to be detected can be obtained according to the Vds value, and the actual average hydrogen concentration of the pressure vessel or the pressure pipeline of the in-service equipment to be detected can be obtained according to the axial guided wave sound velocity-average hydrogen concentration reference curve obtained in the step 7.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for detecting hydrogen damage of a material through ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: making a group of original reference blocks;
the number of the original reference blocks is 6, and the 6 original reference blocks have the same size and are numbered from S0 to S5;
step 2: carrying out a hydrogen permeation test on the original reference block;
carrying out a high-temperature high-pressure hydrogen permeation test on the original reference block with the serial number of S5 until hydrogen bubbling or hydrogen induced cracking is just generated, and recording the duration as H;
and 3, step 3: manufacturing an axial hydrogen damage comparison test block group;
performing a hydrogen permeation test on four original reference test blocks with the numbers of S1-S4 under the same test environment, wherein the test time of the hydrogen permeation test of the original reference test block S1 is 0.2H, the test time of the hydrogen permeation test of the original reference test block S2 is 0.4H, the test time of the hydrogen permeation test of the original reference test block S3 is 0.6H, and the test time of the hydrogen permeation test of the original reference test block S4 is 0.8H;
defining 5 original reference blocks in total of S1-S5 which finish the hydrogen permeation test as an axial hydrogen damage comparison block group, and renumbering the original reference blocks as SH 1-SH 5 number axial hydrogen damage reference blocks; the original reference block of S0 is the original reference block which is not subjected to the hydrogen permeation test;
and 4, step 4: setting up an ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity detection system;
the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity detection system comprises a multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector and an ultrasonic guided wave probe, wherein the ultrasonic guided wave probe comprises one transmitting guided wave probe and one receiving guided wave probe, and the transmitting guided wave probe and the receiving guided wave probe are both connected to the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector;
and 5: testing the axial guided wave sound velocity of the axial hydrogen damage comparison test block group;
sequentially measuring the sound velocity of the ultrasonic axial guided wave in SH 1-SH 5 axial hydrogen damage comparison test blocks by using an ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity detection system, wherein the corresponding values are Vd1, vd2, vd3, vd4 and Vd5;
measuring the sound velocity of the ultrasonic axial guided wave in an original reference test block of the No. S0 without the hydrogen permeation test, wherein the corresponding value is Vd0;
the test process of the axial guided wave sound velocity of the axial hydrogen damage reference block is as follows:
the method comprises the steps that a transmitting guided wave probe is arranged at one end of the surface of an SH1 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block to transmit signals, a receiving guided wave probe is arranged at the other end of the surface of the SH1 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block to receive signals, the distance between the transmitting guided wave probe and the receiving guided wave probe is L, a multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector is started, ultrasonic guided waves are sent out by the transmitting guided wave probe, axial guided wave modes are propagated in the SH1 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block, then the receiving guided wave probes receive and guide the signals into the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector, and the signals are displayed by a liquid crystal panel of the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector; the propagation time of the ultrasonic guided wave in the SH1 axial hydrogen damage reference block measured by the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector is T1, and the following relational expression is provided:
Vd1＝L/T1； (1)
in the formula, vd1 is the speed of sound of ultrasonic axial guided waves in an SH1 number axial hydrogen damage comparison test block;
measuring the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity Vd2 in the SH2 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block, measuring the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity Vd3 in the SH3 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block, measuring the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity Vd4 in the SH4 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block, measuring the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity Vd5 in the SH5 axial hydrogen damage comparison test block, and measuring the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity Vd0 in the S0 original comparison test block by the same method;
step 6: measuring the average concentration content of hydrogen in SH 1-SH 5 axial hydrogen damage reference test blocks by using a hydrogen determination instrument, and respectively and correspondingly obtaining the average hydrogen concentrations a, b, c, d and e in the test blocks;
and 7: drawing an axial guided wave sound velocity-average hydrogen concentration reference curve;
and step 8: detecting the hydrogen damage degree of the in-service equipment to be detected;
the specific process comprises the following steps:
sequentially and axially arranging a transmitting guided wave probe and a receiving guided wave probe on a pressure container or a pressure pipeline of the equipment to be detected in service, starting a multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector, wherein ultrasonic guided waves are transmitted by the transmitting guided wave probe, are propagated in an axial guided wave mode in the pressure container or the pressure pipeline of the equipment to be detected in service, are received by the receiving guided wave probe and are guided into the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector, and are displayed by a liquid crystal panel of the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector; the actual propagation time tau of the ultrasonic guided wave in the pressure vessel or pressure pipeline of the in-service equipment to be detected is measured by the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector, and then the following relation is provided:
Vds＝L/τ；
in the formula, vds is the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity in a pressure vessel or a pressure pipeline of the equipment to be detected in service;
and (4) obtaining the actual average hydrogen concentration of the pressure vessel or the pressure pipeline of the in-service hydrogen equipment to be detected according to the axial guided wave sound velocity-average hydrogen concentration reference curve obtained in the step (7).
2. The method for detecting hydrogen damage of a material by ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the original comparison test block is made of a material of a non-used hydrogen device, and the material and the thickness of the original comparison test block are consistent with those of the hydrogen device to be detected in service.
3. The method for detecting hydrogen damage of a material by ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the hydrogen permeation test environment is selected according to the actual working parameters of the in-service equipment to be detected.
4. The method for detecting hydrogen damage of a material by ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the axial hydrogen damage of SH 1-SH 5 number corresponds to the hydrogen damage level of 1-5 level in-service hydrogen equipment to the test block.
5. The method for detecting hydrogen damage of a material by ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, the transmitting guided wave probe and the receiving guided wave probe are fixedly arranged on the rigid probe support, and the fixed distance between the transmitting guided wave probe and the receiving guided wave probe is L.
6. The method for detecting hydrogen damage of a material by ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, the transmitting guided wave probe is connected to a transmitting signal interface of the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector through a signal line, and the receiving guided wave probe is connected to a receiving signal interface of the multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detector through a signal line.
7. The method for detecting the hydrogen damage of the material by the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the average hydrogen concentration in the original S0 reference sample is 0.
8. The method for detecting hydrogen damage of a material through ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocity according to claim 7, wherein the step 7 of drawing an axial guided wave sound velocity-average hydrogen concentration reference curve specifically comprises:
and (3) drawing an axial guided wave sound velocity-average hydrogen concentration reference curve by using the ultrasonic axial guided wave sound velocities Vd0, vd1, vd2, vd3, vd4 and Vd5 obtained in the step (5) and the average hydrogen concentrations a, b, c, d, e and 0 obtained in the step (6), wherein the ordinate of the curve is the axial guided wave sound velocity, and the abscissa of the curve is the average hydrogen concentration content of the test block.
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US4685334A (en) * 1986-01-27 1987-08-11 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Method for ultrasonic detection of hydrogen damage in boiler tubes
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US5404754A (en) * 1993-02-10 1995-04-11 Shell Oil Company Ultrasonic detection of high temperature hydrogen attack
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