CN108872378B - Nonlinear torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave method for evaluating micro-damage of metal round pipe - Google Patents

Nonlinear torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave method for evaluating micro-damage of metal round pipe Download PDF

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CN108872378B
CN108872378B CN201810436079.0A CN201810436079A CN108872378B CN 108872378 B CN108872378 B CN 108872378B CN 201810436079 A CN201810436079 A CN 201810436079A CN 108872378 B CN108872378 B CN 108872378B
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torsional mode
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damage
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CN108872378A (en
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万翔
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Xian University of Science and Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04Analysing solids
    • G01N29/043Analysing solids in the interior, e.g. by shear waves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023Solids
    • G01N2291/0234Metals, e.g. steel
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/044Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects

Abstract

The invention discloses a nonlinear torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave method for evaluating micro-damage of a metal round pipe. Obtaining the amplitude A of the fundamental frequency signal1And third harmonic amplitude A3And calculating an equivalent third-order nonlinear acoustic parameter gamma', and realizing the nonlinear ultrasonic guided wave evaluation on the micro-damage of the circular tube structure. The nonlinear torsional mode guided wave adopted by the invention has third harmonic cumulative effect at any point on the frequency dispersion curve, and the limitation that the nonlinear longitudinal mode guided wave only has the cumulative effect at some points of the frequency dispersion curve is overcome. The damage state of the circular tube component/material is effectively detected and evaluated, and the detection speed is high, the detection cost is low, and the detection accuracy is high.

Description

Nonlinear torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave method for evaluating micro-damage of metal round pipe
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for evaluating micro-damage of a metal round pipe, in particular to a nonlinear torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave method for evaluating micro-damage of the metal round pipe.
Background
The metal round pipe structure has wide application in various industries, such as petroleum pipelines, underground water pipes and the like. These circular tube structures are susceptible to various external factors during the actual use. Under the long-term repeated action of the external factors, the circular tube structure generally has the stages of material performance degradation, microcrack generation, crack propagation and structural fracture. Research shows that the performance degradation and microcrack generation stage of the material accounts for a large proportion of the life cycle of the structure, and the microscopic damage stages such as fatigue damage, performance degradation and microcrack account for 80-90% of the life of the structure. Therefore, in order to effectively prevent structural failure and prevent major accidents caused by structural fracture, it is necessary and urgent to effectively detect and evaluate the micro damage of the metal circular tube structure.
The traditional ultrasonic detection method evaluates the damage state of the material by detecting information such as sound velocity, sound attenuation, sound impedance and the like in the material or the structure, can effectively evaluate macroscopic defects such as cracks, holes, inclusions and the like of the material or the structure, but is not sensitive to early mechanical property degradation of the structure and cannot detect the micro damage of the structure.
In recent years, a large number of theoretical and experimental studies show that the nonlinear ultrasound can overcome the defect that the traditional linear ultrasound is not sensitive to the microscopic level, has higher sensitivity to the early performance degradation of materials or structures, and can effectively detect and evaluate the microscopic damage of the structures.
The ultrasonic guided wave can carry out large-area, quick and integral detection on the detected structure. The detection method can detect the surface defects of the sample, and can also detect and evaluate the internal damage of the sample. Guided wave detection techniques are also an effective method by which inaccessible or concealed areas in structural members can be detected. In addition, the guided wave is widely applied as an effective detection means because of its flexible excitation and detection mode and can carry a large amount of information required for detection. In a pipe, the energy of the guided wave can be spread little with long-distance, fast propagation of the pipe structure. Therefore, the circular tube structure is considered as one of the most suitable structures for detection using guided waves. The nonlinear ultrasonic guided wave combines the advantages of the sensitivity of nonlinear ultrasonic to microscopic damage and the rapid and efficient detection mode of the ultrasonic guided wave, and is a detection method with a very promising prospect. Chinese patent: CN 102866202 a proposes a nonlinear circumferential mode guided wave method for metal round tube structure micro-damage detection. Chinese patent: CN 103969339A discloses a nonlinear ultrasonic detection and evaluation method for pipeline structure micro-damage, which utilizes a nonlinear ultrasonic longitudinal mode guided wave method. In both patents, the ultrasonic mode selected is a circumferential mode or a longitudinal mode, although a nonlinear ultrasonic guided wave method is used. These two modes must satisfy phase velocity matching conditions (fundamental and second harmonic phase velocities are equal) to produce the cumulative second harmonic in the structure. Because the number of fundamental frequency modal points meeting the phase velocity matching condition is limited and discretely distributed on the frequency dispersion curve, the method leads the Chinese patent: CN 102866202 a and chinese patent: the method proposed in CN 103969339 a has many disadvantages and is subject to many limitations during the use.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for detecting and evaluating the micro-damage of the circular tube structure by utilizing the third harmonic effect generated by nonlinear ultrasonic torsional mode guided waves, which can quickly and effectively detect and evaluate the early damage state of the metal circular tube and provide a reliable basis for the safe use of the metal circular tube.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a nonlinear torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave method for evaluating micro-damage of a metal round pipe comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating a phase velocity dispersion curve of a torsional mode according to the physical parameters and the geometric parameters of the metal round tube test piece to be tested;
s2, selecting a corresponding fundamental frequency torsional mode and an excitation frequency according to the obtained phase velocity dispersion curve;
s3, coupling an excitation ultrasonic transducer and a third harmonic receiving transducer with the outer surface of the metal circular tube test piece, wherein the excitation ultrasonic transducer is a hysteresis telescopic ultrasonic transducer or a piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer;
s4, generating a fundamental frequency signal by a fundamental frequency signal generating system, exciting the exciting ultrasonic transducer by the fundamental frequency signal to generate fundamental frequency torsional mode guided waves in an undamaged metal round tube test piece, transmitting the guided waves in the metal round tube test piece and generating torsional mode third harmonic waves in the metal round tube test piece, receiving the fundamental frequency torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves and the torsional mode guided wave third harmonic wave signals by the third harmonic wave receiving transducer, obtaining the amplitude A1 of the fundamental frequency torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves and the amplitude A3 of the torsional ultrasonic guided wave third harmonic waves through Fourier transformation, and calculating the equivalent third-order nonlinear acoustic parameter gamma 'when the transmission distance in the undamaged metal round tube test piece is calculated'0The calculation formula is as follows: gamma's'0=A3/A1 3
S5, moving the position of the third harmonic receiving transducer, changing the propagation distance of the guided wave, repeating the step S4, and calculating equivalent third-order nonlinear acoustic parameters at different positions;
s6, detecting equivalent third-order nonlinear acoustic parameters gamma 'with different propagation distances of not less than 5 times in the same detected undamaged circular pipeline'0Recording the value x of the propagation distance;
s7, drawing the measured undamaged circleEquivalent third-order nonlinear acoustic parameter gamma 'of tube'0The linear change curve along the propagation distance x is calculated, the slope k0 of the fitting straight line is calculated, and the nonlinear parameter gamma of the metal round pipe is not damaged0=k0;
S8, carrying out gammadAnd gamma0In contrast, if there is microscopic damage inside the circular tube, γdRelative to gamma0There is a very significant change from which micro-damage inside the material is characterized. For different damage levels, different γ's can be calculateddAnd the quantitative evaluation of the damage state of the round pipe is realized.
And further, detecting and evaluating the micro-damage of the circular tube by utilizing the third harmonic effect of the torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave.
Further, the fundamental torsional mode can be any mode (commonly used is the T (0,1) mode), the excitation frequency can be taken over the whole frequency band, and the third harmonic has cumulative effect.
Further, the piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer in step S3 is made of lithium niobate, quartz or a piezoelectric ceramic material, the hysteresis telescopic material of the hysteresis telescopic transducer in step S3 may be nickel-cobalt alloy, the fundamental frequency is less than or equal to 5MHz, and the third harmonic transducer is a broadband and is configured to receive the fundamental frequency signal and the corresponding third harmonic signal.
In order to more effectively detect the third harmonic signal, different from the design of the conventional linear guided wave receiving transducer, in the invention, when the receiving transducer in the step S3 adopts a hysteresis telescopic transducer, the interval of the dynamic winding of the induction coil of the receiving transducer is changed into 1/3 of the interval of the induction coil of the excitation transducer, so that the third harmonic signal can be more prominently and mainly received; when the piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer is selected, the piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer with wide frequency is selected so as to receive a third harmonic signal.
The signal excitation and receiving device of the invention transmits signals through the filter, which can reduce noise of the detection device and improve signal-to-noise ratio.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the detection of nonlinear torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves is adopted to cover the whole circular tube component, so that the method is suitable for detecting the damage states of early fatigue, creep deformation and the like of the circular tube component/material, the damage states of the circular tube component/material are effectively detected and evaluated, and a reliable basis is provided for the safe use of the circular tube component/material;
(2) all points on the torsional mode frequency dispersion curve are used as third harmonic waves generated by a fundamental frequency mode, and the cumulative effect is achieved, and the frequency of an excitation signal can be selected in a full frequency domain range;
(3) the magnetostrictive sensor is adopted, the fundamental frequency torsional mode guided wave can be easily excited, and the obtained signal is simple and is beneficial to analysis and processing;
(4) the detection speed is high, the detection cost is low, and the detection accuracy is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circular tube structure micro-damage nonlinear torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave detection method provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating fourier transformation of a received signal, showing third harmonics in the received signal.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing a relationship between a normalized nonlinear acoustic parameter γ and a fatigue life of a nonlinear torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave according to an example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The nonlinear torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave evaluation method for the micro-damage of the circular tube excites an ultrasonic signal with a certain frequency through an excitation/receiving unit, reduces noise through an impedor, is connected with an excitation transducer and is sent to a tested piece through a coupling agent, the other end of the tested piece is connected with a receiving transducer to detect the transmitted guided wave signal, the guided wave signal is filtered and sent to an oscilloscope after passing through a receiving preamplifier, the signal is averaged for 200 and 2000 times in the oscilloscope to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and is stored, and then the stored signal is further analyzed on the oscilloscope or other computers. As shown in fig. 1, a fundamental frequency excitation signal 1 is included, a torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave 4 is generated in a circular tube 2 through an excitation transducer 3, a third harmonic is generated after the torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave 4 interacts with micro-damage of a circular tube structure, the fundamental frequency torsional mode guided wave and the third harmonic are received by a receiving transducer 5, and fundamental frequency and the third harmonic signals in the received signal are respectively shown in 6 and 7. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating a phase velocity dispersion curve of a torsional mode according to the physical parameters and the geometric parameters of the metal round tube test piece to be tested;
s2, selecting a corresponding fundamental frequency torsional mode and an excitation frequency according to the obtained phase velocity dispersion curve;
s3, coupling an excitation ultrasonic transducer and a third harmonic receiving transducer with the outer surface of the metal circular tube test piece, wherein the excitation ultrasonic transducer is a hysteresis telescopic ultrasonic transducer or a piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer;
s4, generating a fundamental frequency signal by a fundamental frequency signal generating system, exciting the exciting ultrasonic transducer by the fundamental frequency signal to generate fundamental frequency torsional mode guided waves in an undamaged metal round tube test piece, transmitting the guided waves in the metal round tube test piece and generating torsional mode third harmonic waves in the metal round tube test piece, receiving the fundamental frequency torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves and the torsional mode guided wave third harmonic wave signals by the third harmonic wave receiving transducer, obtaining the amplitude A1 of the fundamental frequency torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves and the amplitude A3 of the torsional ultrasonic guided wave third harmonic waves through Fourier transformation, and calculating the equivalent third-order nonlinear acoustic parameter gamma 'when the transmission distance in the undamaged metal round tube test piece is calculated'0The calculation formula is as follows: gamma's'0=A3/A1 3
S5, moving the position of the third harmonic receiving transducer, changing the propagation distance of the guided wave, repeating the step S4, and calculating equivalent third-order nonlinear acoustic parameters at different positions;
s6, detecting equivalent third-order nonlinear acoustic parameters gamma 'with different propagation distances of not less than 5 times in the same detected undamaged circular pipeline'0And recording the propagationThe value of the distance x;
s7, drawing an equivalent third-order nonlinear acoustic parameter gamma 'of the tested undamaged circular tube'0The linear change curve along the propagation distance x is calculated, the slope k0 of the fitting straight line is calculated, and the nonlinear parameter gamma of the metal round pipe is not damaged0=k0;
S8, carrying out gammadAnd gamma0In contrast, if there is microscopic damage inside the circular tube, γdRelative to gamma0There is a very significant change from which micro-damage inside the material is characterized. For different damage levels, different γ's can be calculateddAnd the quantitative evaluation of the damage state of the round pipe is realized.
The principle and the basic problems of the detection method of the invention are as follows: a typical nonlinear response phenomenon is generation of third harmonic of torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave, the mechanism of the generation of the third harmonic is occurrence of the third harmonic caused by waveform distortion in the process of guided wave propagation, compared with a perfect structural member, the nonlinear response of the third harmonic generated by the guided wave in the structural member with the microscopic defect is increased in a quantitative level mode, and the microscopic defect in the structural member can be effectively detected and represented according to the change of the nonlinear response. Because the third harmonic signal is very weak relative to the fundamental frequency signal, a special detection device needs to be designed for effectively extracting the third harmonic signal in consideration of the factors of guided wave propagation attenuation. The invention can excite the excitation transducer of single wave-guiding mode by using the hysteresis expansion sensor, and the interval of the dynamic winding of the induction coil of the receiving transducer is changed into 1/3 of the interval of the induction coil winding of the excitation transducer. The invention uses the ratio of nonlinear response to propagation distance to represent the nonlinear change of the material, effectively reduces the nonlinear interference of the instrument, realizes the nonlinear ultrasonic guided wave evaluation of the pipeline material, and can be used for early detection of pipeline microscopic defects by using the high sensitivity of nonlinear ultrasonic.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A nonlinear torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave method for evaluating micro-damage of a metal round pipe is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, calculating a phase velocity dispersion curve of a torsional mode according to the physical parameters and the geometric parameters of the metal round tube test piece to be tested;
s2, selecting a corresponding fundamental frequency torsional mode and an excitation frequency according to the obtained phase velocity dispersion curve;
s3, coupling an excitation ultrasonic transducer and a third harmonic receiving transducer with the outer surface of the metal circular tube test piece, wherein the excitation ultrasonic transducer is a hysteresis telescopic ultrasonic transducer or a piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer;
s4, generating a fundamental frequency signal by a fundamental frequency signal generating system, exciting the exciting ultrasonic transducer by the fundamental frequency signal to generate fundamental frequency torsional mode guided waves in an undamaged metal round tube test piece, transmitting the guided waves in the metal round tube test piece and generating torsional mode third harmonic waves in the metal round tube test piece, receiving the fundamental frequency torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves and the torsional mode guided wave third harmonic wave signals by the third harmonic wave receiving transducer, obtaining the amplitude A1 of the fundamental frequency torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves and the amplitude A3 of the torsional ultrasonic guided wave third harmonic waves through Fourier transformation, and calculating the equivalent third-order nonlinear acoustic parameter gamma 'when the transmission distance in the undamaged metal round tube test piece is calculated'0The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0001654630860000011
s5, moving the position of the third harmonic receiving transducer, changing the propagation distance of the guided wave, repeating the step S4, and calculating equivalent third-order nonlinear acoustic parameters at different positions;
s6, detecting equivalent third-order nonlinear acoustic parameters gamma 'with different propagation distances of not less than 5 times in the same detected undamaged circular pipeline'0Recording the value x of the propagation distance;
s7, drawing an equivalent third-order nonlinear acoustic parameter gamma 'of the tested undamaged circular tube'0The linear change curve along the propagation distance x is calculated, the slope k0 of the fitting straight line is calculated, and the nonlinear parameter gamma of the metal round pipe is not damaged0=k0;
S8, carrying out gammadAnd gamma0In contrast, if there is microscopic damage inside the circular tube, γdRelative to gamma0There is a very significant change from which micro-damage inside the material is characterized.
2. The nonlinear torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave method for evaluating the micro-damage of the metal round pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that the third harmonic effect of the torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave is utilized to detect and evaluate the micro-damage of the round pipe.
3. The nonlinear torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave method for evaluating the micro-damage of the metal round pipe according to claim 1, wherein the fundamental torsional mode can be any mode, the excitation frequency can be in the whole frequency band range, and the third harmonic has an accumulative effect.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer in step S3 is made of lithium niobate, quartz or a piezoelectric ceramic material, the hysteresis expansion material of the hysteresis expansion transducer in step S3 is made of a nickel-cobalt alloy, the fundamental frequency is less than or equal to 5MHz, and the third harmonic transducer is a wideband for receiving the fundamental frequency signal and the corresponding third harmonic signal.
5. The nonlinear torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave method for evaluating the micro-damage of the metal round pipe according to claim 1, wherein when a hysteresis telescopic transducer is selected in the step S3, the spacing of the dynamic windings of the induction coil of the receiving transducer is changed into 1/3 of the spacing of the windings of the induction coil of the exciting transducer; when the piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer is selected, the piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer with wide frequency is selected so as to receive a third harmonic signal.
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CN110332463A (en) * 2019-06-14 2019-10-15 南京理工大学 Pipeline structure damage monitoring system based on wireless sensor network
CN110338846A (en) * 2019-07-19 2019-10-18 河南科技大学第一附属医院 Long bone cortex bone microcrack zone system and method based on non-linear ultrasonic guided wave
CN112305085A (en) * 2020-10-27 2021-02-02 厦门大学 Steel pipe circumferential damage monitoring method based on torsional guided waves
CN112903157B (en) * 2021-01-19 2021-11-09 吉林大学 Stress monitoring method of circular tube type structure based on longitudinal mode ultrasonic guided waves
CN113804134B (en) * 2021-09-22 2022-09-16 北京航空航天大学 Anchor radial maximum corrosion depth detection method and system based on high-frequency dispersive ultrasonic guided waves
CN114112633A (en) * 2021-11-26 2022-03-01 山东大学 Metal early fatigue damage detection method and system based on nonlinear ultrasound
CN114414659B (en) * 2022-01-21 2023-12-29 山东大学 Nonlinear ultrasonic guided wave parameter-free damage identification method and system based on frequency fusion

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