CN102043015B - Ultrasonic guided wave device and method for detecting defect at rail bottom of steel rail at long distance - Google Patents
Ultrasonic guided wave device and method for detecting defect at rail bottom of steel rail at long distance Download PDFInfo
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- CN102043015B CN102043015B CN201110021864A CN201110021864A CN102043015B CN 102043015 B CN102043015 B CN 102043015B CN 201110021864 A CN201110021864 A CN 201110021864A CN 201110021864 A CN201110021864 A CN 201110021864A CN 102043015 B CN102043015 B CN 102043015B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic guided wave device for detecting a defect at the rail bottom of a steel rail at a long distance, which comprises a computer, a data acquisition card, a detection signal amplifier, an arbitrary waveform generator, a power amplifier, a change-over switch and a guided wave array probe. The ultrasonic guided wave device is characterized in that: the computer serves as a control center of the device, and controls the arbitrary waveform generator to generate a single-audio frequency signal of which central frequency is selected detection frequency; the single-audio frequency signal is transmitted to the guided wave array probe after passing through the power amplifier to excite guided waves of a vertical bending mode in the rail bottom of the steel rail; and under the regulation and control of the change-over switch, the guided wave array probe receives a defect reflection echo signal which is transmitted to the computer for processing and display after passing through the detection signal amplifier and the data acquisition card. The ultrasonic guided wave device realizes the rapid nondestructive detection of the defect at the rail bottom of the steel rail.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device and method of surveying rail flange of rail defective, relate in particular to a kind of device and method of long range sensing rail flange of rail defective.
Background technology
The countries in the world railway track mainly adopts rail ultrasonic automatic flaw detecting car and hand propelled rail flaw ultrasonic detection dolly to detect at present.The technology of rail flaw ultrasonic detection car is to adopt 0 degree longitudinal wave probe and 37 degree, 45 degree, the equal angular shear wave probe combination of 70 degree that the rail head of rail web of the rail is surveyed, and what adopt technically is the ultrasonic wave detecting method in length and breadth that belongs to bulk wave mode.The circuit rail acts on orbiting end plate through snap-on, metallic gasket and is fixed on the sleeper, and orbiting end plate is very near apart from railway ballast, covers at some remote highway section rail orbiting end plates even by railway ballast and sandy soil.Existing rail flaw ultrasonic detection car can't detect rail flange of rail defective such as flange of rail transversal crack, nuclear wound etc.Therefore, the China railways standard is only required rail head of rail, the web of the rail and the web of the rail is carried out ultrasonography in the flange of rail trigonum of extension downwards, does not do requirement for flange of rail edge, only after the discovery hurt is inspected the road in manual work, carries out manual ultrasonic inspection.Along with deepening continuously of China railways speed and heavy load strategy; The heavy duty rapid constantly increases the impact of rail; The generation of flange of rail transversal crack constantly increases, and rail flange of rail transversal crack has become a key factor that causes rail fracture, causes serious threat to safety of railway traffic.
For many years, to the quick detection of rail flange of rail transversal crack with differentiate never ripe defects detecting technology, how fast and effeciently to find rail flange of rail transversal crack and in time handle, become the main difficult problem of circuit rail flaw ultrasonic detection work.
Different with shear wave with ultrasonic bulk wave such as compressional wave in the solid, supersonic guide-wave is meant one type of elastic wave in certain-length, the waveguide of arbitrary section solid-borne noise, propagating.Supersonic guide-wave has frequency dispersion and two principal features of multi-mode.Frequency dispersion shows that mainly guided wave is with the increase of propagation distance, and echo ripple bag enlarges gradually, the phenomenon that amplitude reduces gradually; Multi-mode refers in acoustic duct, have the ripple of a more than pattern propagating.Supersonic guide-wave in the common and classical elastic solid (Hookean body) has the guided wave in the plate also to become Lamb wave, and the guided wave in the pipe.
The ripple detection technique is different in length and breadth with the ultrasonic body of routine, and ultrasonic guided wave detection technology has a place and excites, and therefore large tracts of land and the advantage of propagating on a large scale are suitable for long apart from fast detecting.The ultrasonic guided wave detection technology application of in the Non-Destructive Testing of sheet material and pipeline, succeeding.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of device and method of long range sensing rail flange of rail defective, thereby the flange of rail that solves present circuit rail can't carry out the problem that quick nondestructive detects.
The present invention realizes like this; It comprises computing machine, data collecting card, detection signal amplifier, AWG, and power amplifier, switch, guided wave array probe is characterized in that computing machine connects data collecting card and AWG; Data collecting card joint detection signal amplifier; AWG connects power amplifier, and power amplifier connects switch, and switch connects guided wave array probe and detection signal amplifier.
The supersonic guide-wave method of long range sensing rail flange of rail defective, method step is:
1) according to rail model and orbiting end plate physical dimension, calculate the group velocity dispersion curve of rail flange of rail beam mode guided wave, confirm that in 50 ~ 80kHz frequency range excitation frequency detects;
2) with selected detection frequency values input computing machine; It is the single audio signal in 3 ~ 7 cycles of selected detection frequency that the computer control AWG produces same centre frequency; After this signal is delivered to the power amplifier amplification; Transfer to the guided wave array probe that is attached thereto by switch again, excitation vertical curve pattern supersonic guide-wave in the rail flange of rail;
3) if zero defect does not then have any defect reflection echo and exists, show that detect and finish, removable guided wave array probe continues the detection of next long distance by array probe position rail flange of rail zero defect in last segment distance (≤20 meters); If defectiveness exists, then receive the defect reflection echoed signal by the guided wave array probe, this signal transfers to the detection signal amplifier through switch, and signal is delivered to data collecting card after amplifying, and send Computer Processing and demonstration;
4) read wherein field wave bag, flaw echo ripple bag through the detection of echoes waveform; Confirm the time interval t between flaw echo and the field wave bag by the crest position; Multiply by the velocity of sound v of vertical beam mode guided wave under selected detection frequency that obtains by dispersion curve, can obtain the distance of defective distance arrays guided wave probe: l=v * t/2.According to the relation curve of flaw echo crest amplitude and artificial defect reflection echo peak value, can obtain the equivalent size of defective.
Technique effect of the present invention is: can be quick and the ultrasonic guide wave flaw detection that carries out rail flange of rail defective of long distance, the equivalent size of defective is accurately judged.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1; The present invention realizes like this; Computing machine (1) connects data collecting card (7) and AWG (2), data collecting card (7) joint detection signal amplifier (6), and AWG (2) connects power amplifier (3); Power amplifier (3) connects switch (4), and switch (4) connects guided wave array probe (5) and detection signal amplifier (6).Supersonic guide-wave array probe (5) is made up of four ultrasonic high damping sub-probes of low frequency; Low frequency ultrasound guided wave array probe (5) vertically is positioned over the rail flange of rail one side; Each sub-probe center distance is
, and wherein
is guide wavelength.Each sub-probe is assembled in the probe casket, and certain thickness steel plate is adopted on probe casket top layer, pins probe and forms briquetting through steel plate weight with hand during detection, makes low frequency ultrasound guided wave array probe (5) and rail orbiting end plate face keep good coupling.Low frequency ultrasound guided wave array probe (5) rear portion is an absorbent treatment, and the guided wave of generation is only forwards propagated.In 50 ~ 80kHz frequency range, select one to detect frequency, and produce the pulsed sine wave in 3 ~ 7 cycles, through excitation guided wave array probe after the power amplification as centre frequency.Inspire vertical curve pattern guided wave at rail flange of rail face; Under above shooting conditions; Excite the vertical curve pattern guided wave propagation distance of generation far away in the rail flange of rail, responsive to flange of rail defective, ability fast detecting rail flange of rail defective; When surveying rail flange of rail left side defective, array probe is positioned over rail flange of rail left side; When detecting the right side rail flange of rail, then array probe is positioned over right side rail at the bottom of.Pumping signal puts on four sub-probe excited vibrationals simultaneously through after the power amplification; In the rail flange of rail, produce vertical curve pattern guided wave; Four sub-probes receive the guided wave signals that is returned by defect reflection simultaneously; Through synthesizing behind the switch (4) and inspecting survey signal amplifier (6) by ready samples and carry out the signal linear amplification, according to field wave and flaw echo time, and flaw echo ripple bag amplitude can realize that the location and the equivalent of rail flange of rail defective are quantitative.
Claims (1)
1. the ultrasonic guided wave detecting method of one kind long range sensing rail flange of rail defective, this method realizes detecting according to the following steps:
1) detects through exciting vertical curve vibration mode guided wave that rail flange of rail defective is carried out long-distance nondestructive; According to rail model and orbiting end plate physical dimension, calculate the group velocity dispersion curve of rail flange of rail beam mode guided wave, confirm that in 50 ~ 80kHz frequency range excitation frequency detects;
2) with selected detection frequency values input computing machine (1); It is the single audio signal in 3 ~ 7 cycles of selected detection frequency that computing machine (1) control AWG (2) produces same centre frequency; After this signal is delivered to power amplifier (3) amplification; Transfer to the guided wave array probe that is attached thereto by switch (4) again, excitation vertical curve pattern supersonic guide-wave in the rail flange of rail;
3) if zero defect, then do not have any defect reflection echo and exist, show by the array probe position to the last period smaller or equal to 20 meters distance in rail flange of rail zero defect, detect and finish, removable guided wave array probe continues the detection of next long distance; Exist as if defectiveness, then receive the defect reflection echoed signal by the guided wave array probe, this signal transfers to detection signal amplifier (6) through switch (4), and signal is delivered to data collecting card (7) after amplifying, and send computing machine (1) to handle and demonstration;
4) read wherein field wave bag, flaw echo ripple bag through the detection of echoes waveform; Confirm the time interval t between flaw echo and the field wave bag by the crest position; Multiply by the velocity of sound v of vertical beam mode guided wave under selected detection frequency that obtains by dispersion curve, can obtain the distance of defective distance arrays guided wave probe: l=v * t/2; According to the relation curve of flaw echo crest amplitude and artificial defect reflection echo peak value, can obtain the equivalent size of defective.
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| CN201110021864A CN102043015B (en) | 2011-01-20 | 2011-01-20 | Ultrasonic guided wave device and method for detecting defect at rail bottom of steel rail at long distance |
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| CN201110021864A CN102043015B (en) | 2011-01-20 | 2011-01-20 | Ultrasonic guided wave device and method for detecting defect at rail bottom of steel rail at long distance |
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| CN102416970B (en) * | 2011-10-12 | 2013-11-06 | 北京安通伟业铁路工务技术有限公司 | knock detection method of on-line steel rail fracture monitoring system |
| CN102841143B (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2015-01-14 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | Method for detecting corrosion of grounded grid circular steel bar based on lateral loading of piezoelectric sensors |
| CN103293223A (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2013-09-11 | 江苏省特种设备安全监督检验研究院镇江分院 | Characteristic guided wave based butt weld nondestructive testing system |
| CN104034806B (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2019-11-22 | 南昌航空大学 | Method based on PZT (piezoelectric transducer) side loaded F mode Guided waves electric power tower stay rod defect |
| CN106596735B (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2019-11-19 | 四川西南交大铁路发展股份有限公司 | A kind of denoising of rail cracks acoustic emission signal and feature extracting method |
| CN110672718B (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2022-05-24 | 南昌航空大学 | Electromagnetic ultrasonic point focusing/diverging surface wave method and device for steel rail tread detection |
| CN110530978B (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2022-06-21 | 南昌航空大学 | Electromagnetic ultrasonic probe, flaw detection device and flaw detection method for continuous detection of high-temperature casting and forging |
| CN110554088A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2019-12-10 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Air coupling ultrasonic detection method for defects |
| CN113686969B (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2022-11-08 | 东南大学 | On-line monitoring system and monitoring method for structural health of vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage cylinder |
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| JP4718857B2 (en) * | 2005-02-10 | 2011-07-06 | 東京計器株式会社 | Rail bottom corrosion detection device and rail bottom corrosion detection method |
| JP5043627B2 (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2012-10-10 | 東京計器株式会社 | Rail bottom corrosion amount measuring device and measuring method |
| CN101398410A (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2009-04-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Steel rail defect detection method by electromagnetical ultrasonic technology and device thereof |
| CN101398411B (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2012-04-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Rail tread defect rapid scanning and detecting method and device thereof |
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