CN102721747B - Non-colinear non-linear ultrasonic nondestructive testing method - Google Patents
Non-colinear non-linear ultrasonic nondestructive testing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a non-collinear non-linear ultrasonic nondestructive testing method, which belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing. The non-collinear non-linear ultrasonic nondestructive testing method comprises the following steps of: 1) selecting a wave beam aliasing mode; 2) measuring the sound velocity of a sample to be tested, and selecting a wedge block; 3) selecting the positions of an area to be measured, transmitting probes and receiving probes; 4) building an experimental system; 5) simultaneously inspiring the transmitting probes, and storing data collected by the receiving probes; and 6) independently inspiring the transmitting probes, and storing the data collected by the receiving probes. According to the non-collinear non-linear ultrasonic nondestructive testing method disclosed by the invention, in a receiving and transmitting non-collinear mode that two transmitting probes are arranged on one side of the sample to be measured and the receiving probes are arranged on the same side or the opposite sides of the sample to be measured according to the requirement, the problems that a collinear penetration type non-linear method needs to splice a transmitting wafer and can not carry out same-side detection are solved, and the problem that a detection result is likely to confuse by non-deficit non linearity is solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ultrasonic non-destructive inspection techniques field, relate to a kind of supersonic damage-free detection method, particularly relate to a kind of nonlinear supersonic detection method of high precision non-colinear based on wave beam aliasing.
Background technology
Non-Destructive Testing (Nondestructive Testing) is called for short NDT, is not destroy and damage examined object body, performance, the quality to it, a kind of technology that has or not inherent vice to detect.In existing lossless detection method, (PT) method is detected in conventional radiographic inspection (RT) method that mainly contains, Ultrasonic Detection (UT) method, infiltration, magnetic detects (MT) method, EDDY CURRENT (ET) method, certainly unconventional in addition, as microwave detection method, potentiometric detection method etc.
Ultrasonic Detection (UT) is while utilizing ultrasound wave to propagate in detected material, the acoustic characteristic of material and the variation of interior tissue produce certain impact to hyperacoustic propagation, by detection Knowing material performance and structural change to ultrasound wave degree of susceptibility and situation.In the time that ultrasound wave enters object and runs into defect, part sound wave will produce reflection, transmission and refraction, receiver is by analyzing these characteristic waves, measure material thickness, find hiding inherent vice, or analyze properties of materials such as metal, plastics, compound substance, pottery, rubber and glass etc.
Along with detection demand in sector application is for the improve of accuracy of detection requirement, conventional Ultrasound lossless detection method and means are limit by its principle, the defect precision that can detect can not be less than detection wavelength, therefore insensitive for microdefect and micro-crack (the homogeneity test problems of the metal-base composites that powder metallurgical technique manufactures as adopted, initial stage plastic yield and the fatigue damage test problems etc. of member) and can not examine.Frequency-region signal is observed and analyzed to non-linear ultrasonic lossless detection method, the not wavelength of examined sound wave restriction, it is a kind of high precision lossless detection method, but the conllinear non-linear ultrasonic detection method using at present, adopt through transmission technique principle, need to be at the bonding wafer of the upper and lower surface of sample or static probe, complicated operation and can not carry out homonymy detection; Method is easily introduced the non-linear of non-defect, and the data that detect are transmitting probe and the nonlinear accumulation of receiving transducer point-to-point transmission, cannot judge depth of defect; Be difficult to sample to carry out entire scan, easily occur undetected.
Summary of the invention
For problems of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of non-colinear non-linear ultrasonic lossless detection method.The method adopts in a side of sample to be tested and arranges two transmitting probes, arranges receiving transducer according to Test Field demand at homonymy or the offside of transmitting probe.The non-colinear arrangement of this transmitting probe and receiving transducer, having solved conllinear penetration nonlinear method needs bonding transmitting wafer, and the problem that can not carry out homonymy detection; This non-colinear method is utilized wave beam aliasing and wave mode transfer principle, only to the non-linear sensitivity of defect, has solved that non-defect is non-linear easily causes to testing result the problem of obscuring; The method is by changing the relative position of transmitting probe and receiving transducer, and defect that can test samples inside different depth has solved the problem that conllinear method only detects Nonlinear Cumulative and can not judge buried depth; The method, by design probe gripper, can scan, and has solved conllinear method and can not scan the problem of applying, and has greatly improved the practicality of method.
A kind of non-colinear non-linear ultrasonic lossless detection method that the present invention proposes, uses signal generator, power amplifier, transmitting and receiving transducer and voussoir etc. to build experiment porch.According to the character of sample to be tested, by selecting wave beam aliasing mode, measure the velocity of sound, calculate critical angle, planning acoustic wave propagation path, according to the ingenious layout experimental provision of step, utilize the feature of non-colinear method in space, wave mode pattern, frequency and direction, successfully reject nonlinear experiment source, observe the nonlinear response of sample to be tested, and calculate relevant acoustical parameter, this detection method comprises the steps:
Select wave beam aliasing mode, wherein ω according to the character of sample to be tested and testing conditions according to table 1
1represent first row incident wave frequency, ω
2represent secondary series incident wave frequency, L (ω
1) represent that first row incident wave is that frequency is ω
1compressional wave, T (ω
2) represent that secondary series incident wave is that frequency is ω
2shear wave, L (ω
1+ ω
2) representing that aliasing ripple is compressional wave, its frequency is ω
1+ ω
2, it is shear wave T (ω that situation 1 finger two is listed ejected wave in
1) and T (ω
2) interactional wave beam aliasing situation, it is compressional wave L (ω that situation 2 fingers two are listed ejected wave in
1) and L (ω
2) situation, it is compressional wave L (ω that situation 3～5 fingers one are listed ejected wave in
1) and one to list ejected wave in be shear wave T (ω
2) situation,
represent that two list ejected wave k in
1, k
2angle, γ represents incident wave k
1with aliasing ripple k
3angle, a two lists the ratio ω of ejected wave frequency in
2/ ω
1, c is that in medium, the refraction wave velocity of sound compares c
t/ c
l, c
t, c
lrepresent respectively shear wave and longitudinal wave velocity in medium;
Table 1: two list the interactional all situations of ejected wave and correlation parameter in
First measure longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity of sample to be tested; Use refracted longitudinal wave that different incidence angles produces at the interfacial refraction of first medium, second medium and refracted shear as step 1 in required incident longitudinal wave and the incident shear wave of wave beam aliasing mode, calculate sample compressional wave refraction angle and shear refraction angle according to compressional wave and the transverse wave velocity of the specifications parameter of voussoir mark and the sample that recorded; Wherein first medium is voussoir, and second medium is sample to be tested;
In sample to be tested, select a region as region to be measured, according to mode selected in step 1, two wave mode and the angles of listing ejected wave in selected voussoir and definite sample in step 2, two train waves that make to incide in sample to be tested meet in this region to be measured, thereby determine two row wave trajectories in sample to be tested, the intersection point at this path and voussoir-sample to be tested interface is respectively the position of two transmitting probes, according to table 1, calculate aliasing direction of wave travel, determine the position of receiving transducer;
According to location arrangements transmitting probe and the receiving transducer of transmitting probe in step 3 and receiving transducer, utilize wire to connect respectively signal generator/power amplifier and two transmitting probes, receiving transducer and reception amplifiers, successively computing machine, data collecting card and reception amplifier are coupled together in turn again, finally connecting signal generator/power amplifier and data collecting card, to guarantee to transmit and receive signal synchronous, forms experimental system;
The experimental system that uses step 4 to build, signal generator produces train of impulses, power amplifier through signal generator inside amplifies, encourage two transmitting probes and voussoir generation two to list ejected wave in and enter sample to be tested, estimating that the aliasing ripple that the zone of action produces is received by receiving transducer, after reception amplifier amplifies, gathered by data collecting card, finally input computing machine and preserve;
Independent drive transmitting probe respectively, preserve the data that receiving transducer gathers, identical with step 5, be first cut-off signal generator and being connected an of transmitting probe, use another transmitting probe independent drive, data collecting card is preserved the reception signal input computing machine collecting, and then disconnects the connection of this probe, the transmitting probe that access had previously disconnected, repetitive operation;
The transmitting probe that step 5 is collected simultaneously encourage one group receive each transmitting probe that signal and step 6 collect respectively two groups of independent drive receive signals and process, obtain receiving successively the time-domain diagram picture of signal through Fourier transform, frequency domain filtering and Fourier inversion; Wherein, in the processing of two groups of reception signals of each transmitting probe independent drive, its result is superposed to a signal by time shaft, and compare with the result of the reception signal encouraging simultaneously;
The theoretical time of reception of step 8, calculating aliasing ripple signal:
Draw in step 5 when two transmitting probes encourage simultaneously, the complete trails of the propagation of ultrasound wave in sample to be tested, sample to be tested compressional wave and transverse wave velocity that integrating step two records, calculate the theoretical time of reception of aliasing ripple, step 3 has obtained the path that ultrasound wave is propagated to path and the aliasing ripple in region to be measured from the transmitting probe at voussoir-sample to be tested interface, thereby obtain the travel path of ultrasound wave from region to be measured to receiving transducer, measure the length in each section of path, according to shear wave and longitudinal wave velocity in corresponding sample to be tested, and sound wave passing time in voussoir, obtain the theoretical time of reception of aliasing ripple signal, wherein the path in voussoir is by measuring, the voussoir velocity of sound utilizes refraction law to calculate according to the voussoir incident angle of the refraction angle of the standard material in step 2 and measurement,
By the calculating of the theoretical time of reception of aliasing ripple in step 8, and the contrast of step 5 and two groups of experimental results of step 6, in the time-domain diagram obtaining in step 5, determine aliasing ripple, according to sample to be tested character, analyze the defect type that its defect type that may occur and this detection are paid close attention to, choose aliasing wave characteristic parameter, this characteristic parameter value and the sample to be tested that calculate the control sample with same nature and geometric shape contrast simultaneously, judge defect property.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the present invention proposes a kind of non-colinear non-linear ultrasonic lossless detection method, a side at sample to be tested is arranged two transmitting probes, the transmitting and the non-colinear mode of reception of arranging receiving transducer at homonymy or the offside of sample to be tested according to demand, having solved conllinear penetration nonlinear method needs bonding transmitting wafer, and the problem that can not carry out homonymy detection;
(2) the present invention proposes a kind of non-colinear non-linear ultrasonic lossless detection method, utilizes wave beam aliasing and wave mode transfer principle, and method of the present invention is only to the non-linear sensitivity of defect, has solved that non-defect is non-linear easily causes to testing result the problem of obscuring;
(3) the present invention proposes a kind of non-colinear non-linear ultrasonic lossless detection method, by changing the relative position of transmitting probe and receiving transducer, can detect the defect of the inner different depth of sample to be tested, solve the problem that conllinear method only detects Nonlinear Cumulative and can not judge buried depth;
(4) the present invention proposes a kind of non-colinear non-linear ultrasonic lossless detection method, by design fixture, the relative position of fixed transmission and receiving transducer, can build scanning support and scan, solve conllinear method and can not scan the problem of applying, greatly improved the practicality of method.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 (a): sound wave trajectory schematic diagram in transmitting and receiving transducer homonymy situation in non-colinear experiment;
Fig. 1 (b): sound wave trajectory schematic diagram in transmitting and receiving transducer heteropleural situation in non-colinear experiment;
Fig. 2: the correlation parameter explanation of three train waves in wave beam aliasing;
Fig. 3: non-colinear method detects the experimental system schematic diagram of LY12 aluminum alloy specimen;
Fig. 4 (a): the reception signal that in the experiment of LY12 aluminum alloy specimen, two-way encourages simultaneously;
Fig. 4 (b): the stack of the reception signal of LY12 aluminum alloy specimen experiment Zhong Mei road independent drive;
Fig. 5: sound wave trajectory in LY12 aluminum alloy specimen under homonymy reception condition;
Fig. 6 (a): SiC
pthe reception signal that in the experiment of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material sample, two-way encourages simultaneously;
Fig. 6 (b): SiC
pthe stack of the reception signal of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material sample experiment Zhong Mei road independent drive.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.
A kind of non-colinear non-linear ultrasonic lossless detection method that the present invention proposes, uses signal generator, power amplifier, transmitting and receiving transducer and voussoir etc. to build experiment porch.According to the character of sample to be tested, by selecting wave beam aliasing mode, measure the velocity of sound, calculate critical angle, planning acoustic wave propagation path, according to the ingenious layout experimental provision of step, according to Test Field demand at the homonymy of transmitting probe or offside (as Fig. 1, 1 (a) is homonymy transmitting-receiving schematic diagram, 1 (b) is offside transmitting-receiving schematic diagram) layout receiving transducer, utilize non-colinear method in space, wave mode pattern, feature in frequency and direction, nonlinear experiment source is rejected in success, observe the nonlinear response of sample to be tested, and the relevant acoustical parameter of calculating, this detection method comprises the steps:
Select wave beam aliasing mode according to the character of sample to be tested and existing testing conditions according to table 1.ω in table 1
1represent first row incident wave frequency, ω
2represent secondary series incident wave frequency, L (ω
1) represent that first row incident wave is that frequency is ω
1compressional wave, T (ω
2) represent that secondary series incident wave is that frequency is ω
2shear wave, L (ω
1+ ω
2) representing that aliasing ripple is compressional wave, its frequency is ω
1+ ω
2, other by that analogy, table 1 has provided two and has listed the interactional whole circumstances of ejected wave in: (1) two to list ejected wave in be shear wave T (ω
1) and T (ω
2) (situation 1); (2) two to list ejected wave in be compressional wave L (ω
1) and L (ω
2) (situation 2); (3) one to list ejected wave in be compressional wave L (ω
1) and one to list ejected wave in be shear wave T (ω
2) (situation 3-5).
represent that two list ejected wave k in
1, k
2angle, γ represents incident wave k
1with aliasing ripple k
3angle, a two lists the ratio ω of ejected wave frequency in
2ω
1, c is that in medium, the refraction wave velocity of sound compares c
t/ c
l(c
t, c
lrepresent respectively shear wave and longitudinal wave velocity in medium), its spatial relation is shown in Fig. 2.In table 1, situation 1 illustrates, in the time that two list ejected wave in and are shear wave, the aliasing ripple of its generation is compressional wave, this vertical wave frequency is two to list in and penetrate shear wave frequency sum, its direction of propagation is determined by two character and the parameters of listing ejected wave in, can calculate according to formula in table 1, according to the content in table 1, similar calculating obtains situation 2-5.
Table 1: two list the interactional all situations of ejected wave and correlation parameter in
First adopt conventional method to measure longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity of sample to be tested.According to wave mode conversion and refraction law: a row ultrasound wave enters to inject second medium from first medium, the ratio of the velocity of sound in the sine that the ratio of the velocity of sound in the sine of incident angle and first medium equals refraction angle and second medium.Wherein first medium is voussoir, and second medium is sample to be tested.Because the longitudinal wave velocity in medium of the same race is greater than transverse wave velocity, therefore, compressional wave refraction angle is also greater than shear refraction angle.In the time that a row ultrasonic longitudinal wave enters to inject sample from air (or voussoir), along with the increase of incident angle, compressional wave refraction angle can first be increased to 90 ° compared with shear refraction angle, now, in sample to be tested, can only produce shear wave, and this incident angle is called first critical angle.Continue to be added to firing angle, in the time that shear refraction angle is also increased to 90 °, also can not produce refracted shear in sample to be tested, this incident angle is called second critical angle.In the time that incident angle is less than first critical angle, in sample, can produce refracted longitudinal wave and refracted shear so simultaneously; Incident angle is between first critical angle and second critical angle time, and the refraction wave in sample just only has shear wave.Use refracted longitudinal wave that different incidence angles produces at the interfacial refraction of first medium and second medium and refracted shear as step 1 in required incident longitudinal wave and the incident shear wave of wave beam aliasing mode.And when practical operation, produce different incident angles with voussoir, and voussoir has fixing specification, and kind is limited, only need be according to calculation of parameter sample compressional wave refraction angle and the shear refraction angle of the different size of voussoir mark while selecting.As situation 1, the required incident wave of wave beam aliasing mode is shear wave, the shear refraction angle of choosing calculating between 0 to 90 ° and compressional wave refraction angle without the voussoir of separating; Situation 2, the required incident wave of wave beam aliasing mode is compressional wave, chooses the voussoir of the compressional wave refraction angle calculating between 0 to 90 °; Other situation according to required be that compressional wave and shear wave are selected voussoir with reference to situation 1 and situation 2.And the parameter of voussoir mark is that incident standard material is (as steel, the velocity of sound can obtain from relevant handbook inquiry) refraction angle, because the velocity of sound in voussoir and incident angle immobilize, according to refraction law, the sine at refraction angle when incident standard material and sample equates with the ratio of the velocity of sound, all equal the sine of incident angle and the ratio of the velocity of sound in voussoir, apply this relation and calculate the refraction angle in sample to be tested.
In sample to be tested, select a region as region to be measured, according to mode selected in step 1, two wave mode and the angles of listing ejected wave in selected voussoir and definite sample in step 2, two train waves that make to incide in sample to be tested meet in this region to be measured, thereby determine two row wave trajectories in sample to be tested, the intersection point at this path and voussoir-sample to be tested interface is respectively the position of two transmitting probes, according to table 1, calculate aliasing direction of wave travel, determine the position of receiving transducer.List ejected wave frequency in as 1 liang of situation and equate (ω
1=ω
2) time, calculate
receiving transducer should be placed on centre or the correspondence position of sample to side surface of transmitting probe.
As Fig. 3, according to location arrangements transmitting probe and the receiving transducer of transmitting probe in step 3 and receiving transducer, utilize wire to connect respectively signal generator/power amplifier and two transmitting probes (transmitting probe is placed on voussoir), receiving transducer and reception amplifier, successively computing machine, data collecting card and reception amplifier are coupled together in turn again, finally connecting signal generator/power amplifier and data collecting card, to guarantee to transmit and receive signal synchronous, forms experimental system.
The experimental system that uses step 4 to build, signal generator produces train of impulses (tone-burst), power amplifier through signal generator inside amplifies, encouraging two transmitting probes and voussoir generation two to list ejected wave in (is dotted line in Fig. 3 sample to be tested, it is the shear wave that frequency is identical that Fig. 3 selected two lists ejected wave in) enter sample to be tested, received by receiving transducer after sample bottom reflection at the aliasing compressional wave (solid line in Fig. 3 sample to be tested) of estimating zone of action generation, after reception amplifier amplifies, gathered by data collecting card, finally input computing machine and preserve.
Independent drive transmitting probe respectively, preserve the data that receiving transducer gathers, its process is identical with step 5, be first cut-off signal generator and being connected an of transmitting probe, use another transmitting probe independent drive, data collecting card is preserved the reception signal input computing machine collecting, and then disconnects the connection of this probe, the transmitting probe that access had previously disconnected, repeats experimental procedure.
The transmitting probe that step 5 is collected simultaneously encourage one group receive each transmitting probe that signal and step 6 collect respectively two groups of independent drive receive signals and process, obtain receiving successively the time-domain diagram picture of signal through Fourier transform, frequency domain filtering and Fourier inversion.Wherein, in the processing of two groups of reception signals of each transmitting probe independent drive, its result is superposed to a signal by time shaft, and compare with the result of the reception signal encouraging simultaneously.
The theoretical time of reception of step 8, calculating aliasing compressional wave signal:
Draw in step 5 when two transmitting probes encourage simultaneously, the complete trails of the propagation of ultrasound wave in sample to be tested, sample to be tested compressional wave and transverse wave velocity that integrating step two records, calculate the theoretical time of reception of aliasing ripple.Step 3 has obtained the path of ultrasound wave from the transmitting probe at voussoir-sample to be tested interface to region to be measured, in step 5, the signal of two transmitting probes is encouraged by same signal generator, two row refracted shear parameters (frequency, refraction angle etc.) in sample are identical, the new aliasing ripple producing is propagated perpendicular to sample to be tested bottom surface, through sample to be tested bottom reflection, receiving transducer by sample to be tested surface receives, thereby obtains the travel path of ultrasound wave from region to be measured to receiving transducer.Measure the length in each section of path, according to shear wave and longitudinal wave velocity (step 2 obtains) in corresponding sample to be tested, and sound wave passing time in voussoir can obtain the theoretical time of reception of aliasing compressional wave signal.Wherein the path in voussoir is by measuring, and the voussoir velocity of sound can utilize refraction law to calculate according to the voussoir incident angle of the refraction angle of the standard material in step 2 and measurement.
By the calculating of the theoretical time of reception of aliasing ripple in step 8, and the contrast of step 5 and two groups of experimental results of step 6, in the time-domain diagram obtaining in step 5, determine aliasing ripple.According to sample to be tested character, analyze the defect type that its defect type that may occur and this detection are paid close attention to, choose aliasing wave characteristic parameter.Generally select ratio that aliasing wave amplitude and two lists ejected wave amplitude product in as characteristic parameter for inhomogeneous defects such as adhesion property defect and reunions.This characteristic parameter value and the sample to be tested that calculate the control sample with same nature and geometric shape contrast simultaneously, judge defect property.
The non-colinear non-linear ultrasonic lossless detection method that the present invention proposes is at LY12 aluminum alloy specimen and SiC
pon particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material sample, be verified.Describe embodiment in detail as an example of LY12 aluminum alloy specimen example.Sample to be tested is of a size of 250 × 75 × 21 (length × wide × height, the mm of unit), and in order to optimize the coupling character of probe, the upper and lower surface of sample to be tested has all been carried out grinding and polishing processing, makes surfaceness R
aclose to 2.5 μ m.
The feature of the heterogeneity defects such as the reunion that the cube that is regular geometry according to this sample to be tested, detection defects of interest are interior tissue, situation 1 mode in option table 1 detects.Pass through measurement and calculation, sample longitudinal wave velocity is 6229m/s, transverse wave velocity is 2832m/s, voussoir longitudinal wave velocity is 2830m/s, first critical angle is 27.0 °, second critical angle is 87.8 °, and this experiment input sound wave incident angle is 50 °, according to above parametric programming acoustic wave propagation path and the zone of action.
In experiment, build experimental system according to the structural drawing shown in Fig. 3, computer control signal generator (Ritec SNAPRAM-5000) produces train of impulses (tone-burst), amplify through internal power amplifier (Ritec SNAP RAM-5000), excitation broadband probe (Panametrics A541S-SM) and voussoir produce two row shear waves and enter sample to be tested according to path planning (dotted line in Fig. 3 sample), received by broadband reception probe (Panametrics V312) after sample bottom reflection at the aliasing compressional wave (solid line in Fig. 3 sample) of estimating zone of action generation, after amplifying, reception amplifier receives and inputs computing machine by data collecting card (HandyScopeHS3), carry out signal processing and data analysis by third party software (Matlab).The pumping signal that experiment adopts is that centre frequency is the rectangular window train of impulses of 5MHz, and synchronous signal generator is launched trigger pip to data collecting card, as the zero point that receives signal, and reaches the time using this as N Reference Alignment echo.Receive signal through data processing, expect to reach near position in theory and observe and whether have aliasing ripple to produce.
In experiment, the mode that adopts respectively two ends synchronized transmissions and one end to close the rectangular window signal of other end transmitting same centre frequency and periodicity is carried out the excitation of signal, after receiving end receives, adopt corresponding signal processing method and carry out time-domain analysis, result is as Fig. 4 (a) with (b).Reception signal when Fig. 4 (a) encourages for two-way transmits simultaneously, the independent drive that transmits of Fig. 4 (b) Wei Mei road obtains the stack of result.In experiment, each result of measuring is 500 actual signals and measures average, to reduce the impact of stochastic error on result.Be 49.5 μ s places at horizontal ordinate, shown in Fig. 4 (a) time, excitation situation has detected obvious echoed signal, and the single channel of Fig. 4 (b) excitation stack situation does not detect this signal.
Echo to 49.5 μ s places carries out sound path correction, verifies whether it is aliasing ripple.Sound wave propagation in analysis LY12 aluminum alloy specimen is as Fig. 5, and its propagation in voussoir and sample can be divided into three sections, and AB is the compressional wave in voussoir, and BC is the shear wave in sample, and CD+DE section is the compressional wave in sample.Measured distance and the velocity of sound of each section of travel path are as shown in table 2.Through calculating, under this experimental arrangement, if wave beam aliasing occurs at C point place in sample, it is 49.1 μ s that the expectation of the compressional wave newly producing reaches time theory value.
Table 2LY12 aluminum alloy specimen reception result compute dependent data
In Fig. 4 (a), 49.5 μ s places encourage simultaneously and detect that echoed signal and calculated value 49.1 μ s approach, and meet aliasing wave trajectory.Therefore, judge that this signal is the 3rd row compressional wave signal that wave beam aliasing produces.Now, can be according to circumstances, choose aliasing wave characteristic parameter, calculate nonlinear acoustics parameter.
Fig. 6 (a) and 6 (b) are for adopting identical experiment method to SiC
pthe result that particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is tested, Fig. 6 (a) is SiC
pthe reception signal schematic representation of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material two-way synchronization motivationtheory, Fig. 6 (b) is SiC
pthe schematic diagram of the stack result of the reception signal of twice single channel independent drive of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.In experiment, observed aliasing ripple at 62.3 μ s places, 62.9 μ s have obtained good confirmation with theoretical value (its computation process is identical with LY12 aluminum alloy specimen).
Claims (1)
1. a non-colinear non-linear ultrasonic lossless detection method, comprises following step:
Step 1, select wave beam aliasing mode:
Step 2, the measurement sample to be tested velocity of sound, select voussoir:
Step 3, selected region to be measured, determine transmitting probe and receiving transducer position:
Step 4, build experimental system:
According to location arrangements transmitting probe and the receiving transducer of transmitting probe in step 3 and receiving transducer, utilize wire to connect respectively signal generator/power amplifier and two transmitting probes, receiving transducer and reception amplifiers, successively computing machine, data collecting card and reception amplifier are coupled together in turn again, finally connecting signal generator/power amplifier and data collecting card, to guarantee to transmit and receive signal synchronous, forms experimental system;
Step 5, while stimulated emission probe, preserve the data that receiving transducer gathers:
The experimental system that uses step 4 to build, signal generator produces train of impulses, power amplifier through signal generator inside amplifies, encourage two transmitting probes and voussoir generation two to list ejected wave in and enter sample to be tested, estimating that the aliasing ripple that the zone of action produces is received by receiving transducer, after reception amplifier amplifies, gathered by data collecting card, finally input computing machine and preserve;
Step 6, difference independent drive transmitting probe, preserve the data that receiving transducer gathers:
Independent drive transmitting probe respectively, preserve the data that receiving transducer gathers, identical with step 5, be first cut-off signal generator and being connected an of transmitting probe, use another transmitting probe independent drive, data collecting card is preserved the reception signal input computing machine collecting, and then disconnects the connection of this probe, the transmitting probe that access had previously disconnected, repetitive operation;
Step 7, the data that step 5 and step 6 receiving transducer are collected are carried out signal processing:
The theoretical time of reception of step 8, calculating aliasing ripple signal:
Step 9, judge defect property according to aliasing wave characteristic:
It is characterized in that:
In described step 1, selecting wave beam aliasing mode is to select wave beam aliasing mode, wherein ω according to the character of sample to be tested and testing conditions according to table 1
1represent first row incident wave frequency, ω
2represent secondary series incident wave frequency, L (ω
1) represent that first row incident wave is that frequency is ω
1compressional wave, T (ω
2) represent that secondary series incident wave is that frequency is ω
2shear wave, L (ω
1+ ω
2) representing that aliasing ripple is compressional wave, its frequency is ω
1+ ω
2, it is shear wave T (ω that situation 1 finger two is listed ejected wave in
1) and T (ω
2) interactional wave beam aliasing situation, it is compressional wave L (ω that situation 2 fingers two are listed ejected wave in
1) and L (ω
2) situation, it is compressional wave L (ω that situation 3～5 fingers one are listed ejected wave in
1) and one to list ejected wave in be shear wave T (ω
2) situation,
represent that two list ejected wave k in
1, k
2angle, γ represents incident wave k
1with aliasing ripple k
3angle, a two lists the ratio ω of ejected wave frequency in
2/ ω
1, c is that in medium, the refraction wave velocity of sound compares c
t/ c
l, c
t, c
lrepresent respectively shear wave and longitudinal wave velocity in medium;
Table 1: two list the interactional all situations of ejected wave and correlation parameter in
In described step 2:
First measure longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity of sample to be tested; Use refracted longitudinal wave that different incidence angles produces at the interfacial refraction of first medium, second medium and refracted shear as step 1 in required incident longitudinal wave and the incident shear wave of wave beam aliasing mode, calculate sample compressional wave refraction angle and shear refraction angle according to compressional wave and the transverse wave velocity of the specifications parameter of voussoir mark and the sample that recorded; Wherein first medium is voussoir, and second medium is sample to be tested;
In described step 3:
In sample to be tested, select a region as region to be measured, according to mode selected in step 1, two wave mode and the angles of listing ejected wave in selected voussoir and definite sample in step 2, two train waves that make to incide in sample to be tested meet in this region to be measured, thereby determine two row wave trajectories in sample to be tested, the intersection point at this path and voussoir-sample to be tested interface is respectively the position of two transmitting probes, according to table 1, calculate aliasing direction of wave travel, determine the position of receiving transducer;
In described step 7:
The transmitting probe that step 5 is collected simultaneously encourage one group receive each transmitting probe that signal and step 6 collect respectively two groups of independent drive receive signals and process, obtain receiving successively the time-domain diagram picture of signal through Fourier transform, frequency domain filtering and Fourier inversion; Wherein, in the processing of two groups of reception signals of each transmitting probe independent drive, its result is superposed to a signal by time shaft, and compare with the result of the reception signal encouraging simultaneously;
In described step 8:
Draw in step 5 when two transmitting probes encourage simultaneously, the complete trails of the propagation of ultrasound wave in sample to be tested, sample to be tested compressional wave and transverse wave velocity that integrating step two records, calculate the theoretical time of reception of aliasing ripple, step 3 has obtained the path that ultrasound wave is propagated to path and the aliasing ripple in region to be measured from the transmitting probe at voussoir-sample to be tested interface, thereby obtain the travel path of ultrasound wave from region to be measured to receiving transducer, measure the length in each section of path, according to shear wave and longitudinal wave velocity in corresponding sample to be tested, and sound wave passing time in voussoir, obtain the theoretical time of reception of aliasing ripple signal, wherein the path in voussoir is by measuring, the voussoir velocity of sound utilizes refraction law to calculate according to the voussoir incident angle of the refraction angle of the standard material in step 2 and measurement,
In described step 9:
By the calculating of the theoretical time of reception of aliasing ripple in step 8, and the contrast of step 5 and two groups of experimental results of step 6, in the time-domain diagram obtaining in step 5, determine aliasing ripple, according to sample to be tested character, analyze the defect type that its defect type that may occur and this detection are paid close attention to, choose aliasing wave characteristic parameter, this characteristic parameter value and the sample to be tested that calculate the control sample with same nature and geometric shape contrast simultaneously, judge defect property.
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